taxonID	type	description	language	source
3B41D9A487325FC8A1E68EB245E95708.taxon	description	Figs 1, 2, 3, Tables 1, 2 English name: Large-mouth pricklefish Chinese name: 大口軟冠鯛	en	Su, Yo, Lee, Mao-Ying, Ho, Hsuan-Ching (2024): Redescription of Malacosarcus macrostoma (Günther, 1878) from the abyssal zone off Taiwan, northwestern Pacific Ocean (Beryciformes, Stephanoberycoidei, Stephanoberycidae). ZooKeys 1220: 93-104, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1220.126580
3B41D9A487325FC8A1E68EB245E95708.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A species of Stephanoberycidae characterized by the absence of dorsal-and anal fin-spines (vs fin spines present in other genera, sometimes absent in Acanthochaenus); 11 – 12 anal-fin rays (vs 9 – 10 in Acanthochaenus); GRI 7 – 8 + 1 + 15 – 19 = 23 – 27 (vs 5 – 7 + 1 + 13 – 14 = 19 – 21 in Abyssoberyx and 12 – 15 + 1 + 24 – 27 = 37 – 40 in Stephanoberyx); lateral line forms flaps in approximately 42 – 46 vertical rows (vs lateral line without distinct vertical flaps in Acanthochaenus and Stephanoberyx); vertebrae 10 + 20 – 21 = 30 – 31 (vs 10 – 11 + 21 – 23 = 32 – 34 in Abyssoberyx); body scales cycloid and deciduous (vs body scales ctenoid and adherent in Acanthochaenus and Stephanoberyx); and origin of pelvic fin situated nearer to pectoral fin than to anal fin (vs pelvic fin situated nearer to anal fin than to pectoral fin in Acanthochaenus).	en	Su, Yo, Lee, Mao-Ying, Ho, Hsuan-Ching (2024): Redescription of Malacosarcus macrostoma (Günther, 1878) from the abyssal zone off Taiwan, northwestern Pacific Ocean (Beryciformes, Stephanoberycoidei, Stephanoberycidae). ZooKeys 1220: 93-104, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1220.126580
3B41D9A487325FC8A1E68EB245E95708.taxon	description	Description of Taiwanese specimens. Meristic and morphometric data are provided in Tables 1 and 2. Dorsal-fin rays 13 – 14. Pectoral-fin rays 12 – 13 / 12 – 13. Pelvic-fin rays 4 – 6 / 4 – 5. Anal-fin rays 11 – 12. Principal caudal-fin rays 10 + 9, uppermost and lowermost rays unbranched; procurrent caudal-fin rays 9 and 10 – 11 on upper and lower lobes, respectively. GRI 7 – 8 + 1 + 15 – 18 = 23 – 27 (total); GRII 6 – 7 + 1 + 15 – 17 = 22 – 25; GRIII 3 + 1 + 14 = 18; GRIV 1 – 2 + 0 – 1 + 10 – 12 = 12 – 14. Pseudobranchial filaments 5 – 6 (n = 2). Lateral-line flaps in approximately 42 – 46 vertical rows. Vertebrae 10 + 20 – 21 = 30 – 31; branchiostegal rays 8. Body slender, greatest depth 4.1 – 4.3 in SL; body laterally compressed. Head oval, length 2.7 – 2.8 in SL; its height 1.3 – 1.6 in HL; upper profile of head slightly rounded, with nearly straight profile to dorsal-fin origin; forehead slightly convex, its height 6.1 – 7.3 in HL; eye diameter 4.6 – 4.9 in HL; tip of snout rounded, extending slightly before premaxilla, its length 3.9 – 4.6 in HL; interorbital width 2.9 – 3.1 in HL. Mouth oblique, upper-jaw length 1.4 – 1.6 in HL; posterior end of maxilla rounded, exceeding beyond vertical through posterior margin of eye; lower jaw slightly larger than upper jaw, length 1.4 in HL; its anterior tip protruding before upper jaw when closed. Two nostrils situated in front of eye; both at same horizontal through center of eye; both nostrils rounded and nearly same in size. No trace of nasal organs in all specimens (possibly shrunk during preservation). Symphysis of premaxillae notched and naked. Symphysis of dentaries forming single and blunt knob. Supramaxilla single, with needle-like process anteriorly and rectangular, slightly oval process posteriorly; its posterior tip in advance of tip of maxilla. Head skeletons and their ridges delicate. Opercle with one central ridge but not forming spine. Small spines on posteroventral margins of both inner and outer ridges of preopercle. Posttemporal ridge rounded, with small spines on its outer margin. Both premaxilla and dentary with villiform teeth on outer and medial surfaces. Palatine and vomer edentate. Gill rakers on outer face of all four arches rod-shaped and laterally compressed, their inner surfaces covered with small teeth; rakers on outer row of first arch longer than remainder, longest gill raker in 4.0 – 4.6 in HL; rakers on inner surfaces of outer three arches absent or forming minute bumps; no tooth patches present between rakers on all four arches. Fourth gill arch largely attached to the wall leaving slit between arch and gill chamber. No tooth on fifth ceratobranchial. Oval, conical tooth patch on second epibranchial arch. Large, moon-shaped conical tooth patch on fourth pharyngobranchial. Gill filaments present on all four rakers. Gill filaments on first arch very short, 8.4 – 14.9 in length of longest opposite rakers. Pseudobranch present, short and poorly developed. Body scales cycloid and deciduous, embedded under skin; those covered by pectoral fin smaller than rest. Lateral-line scales and abdominal scutes absent. No scales on gular region and isthmus. Cycloid scales present on cheek. Dorsal fin situated posteriorly, its origin about same vertical of anus. Pectoral-fin length 2.3 – 2.5 in HL; its origin at horizontal through ventral margin of eye; its tip reaching vertical through anus. Pelvic-fin length 5.0 in HL; its origin behind pectoral-fin base and tip reaching anus when adpressed. Anal-fin origin at vertical through fifth dorsal-fin ray; its posterior end at same vertical through that of dorsal fin. Caudal fin moderately small, forked. All fin rays delicate, with smooth surfaces. Skins on surface of lateral line forming many vertical rows of flaps. Its main branch forming canal, originating behind and below posttemporal bone; its anterior portion gently curved down, becoming nearly straight on posterior portion. Anus situated immediately anterior to anal-fin origin. Caudal peduncle slender, with postdorsal and postanal length 1.4 – 1.5 and 1.3 in HL, respectively; its height 5.1 – 5.7 in HL. Light organs absent.	en	Su, Yo, Lee, Mao-Ying, Ho, Hsuan-Ching (2024): Redescription of Malacosarcus macrostoma (Günther, 1878) from the abyssal zone off Taiwan, northwestern Pacific Ocean (Beryciformes, Stephanoberycoidei, Stephanoberycidae). ZooKeys 1220: 93-104, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1220.126580
3B41D9A487325FC8A1E68EB245E95708.taxon	description	Size. A rather small species, reported up to 8.9 cm (Günther 1878).	en	Su, Yo, Lee, Mao-Ying, Ho, Hsuan-Ching (2024): Redescription of Malacosarcus macrostoma (Günther, 1878) from the abyssal zone off Taiwan, northwestern Pacific Ocean (Beryciformes, Stephanoberycoidei, Stephanoberycidae). ZooKeys 1220: 93-104, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1220.126580
3B41D9A487325FC8A1E68EB245E95708.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known from specimens collected from the tropical central Pacific Ocean at depths 2,777 – 4,434.8 m (Günther 1878; Ebeling and Weed 1973; Mundy 2005). Our specimens were collected from the northwestern Pacific at depths 4,412 – 4,813 m (Fig. 4).	en	Su, Yo, Lee, Mao-Ying, Ho, Hsuan-Ching (2024): Redescription of Malacosarcus macrostoma (Günther, 1878) from the abyssal zone off Taiwan, northwestern Pacific Ocean (Beryciformes, Stephanoberycoidei, Stephanoberycidae). ZooKeys 1220: 93-104, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1220.126580
