identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
334087D6CE3DFFC31CD44F510710F9BB.text	334087D6CE3DFFC31CD44F510710F9BB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lethocerus Mayr 1853	<div><p>Genus Lethocerus Mayr ( L. cordofanus Mayr, L. patruelis (Stål))</p><p>Identification key to the Belostomatidae species from Israel</p><p>1 Segment 1 of rostrum short, thicker than long and shorter than segment 2 (Figs 2, 4, 14). Abdominal sternites 5 and 6 clearly divided laterally (Figs 2, 4, 18). Spiracles located on or adjacent to mesal margins of ventral laterotergites (Fig. 18) (subfamily Lethocerinae). Foretarsus 3-segmented, with 1 large and strong and 1 reduced claw (Figs 29, 30). Genital operculum of females with spines and acutely rounded at apex ( Lethocerus)................................................................ 2</p><p>– Segment 1 of rostrum longer than thick, subequal in length to segment 2 (Figs 6, 9, 11, 13, 15–17). Abdominal sternites not clearly divided laterally (Figs 6, 9, 11, 13, 19–22). Spiracles located near centre of ventral laterotergites (Figs 19–22) (subfamily Belostomatinae)............................................................................... 3</p><p>2 Prosternum medially with keel-bearing beak-like apical attenuation (Fig. 24). Male genital capsule as in Figs 34, 35. Paramere with bent/curved keel (Figs 38, 39). Diverticulum flanged/cap­like (Figs 42–44). Body length, ♀ 65.2–68.1, ♂ 73.0–75.1 mm.................................................................. Lethocerus cordofanus</p><p>– Prosternum with ulu-shaped keel (Fig. 23). Male genital capsule as in Figs 36, 37. Keel on paramere not bent (Figs 40, 41). Diverticulum not flanged (Figs 45–47). Body length, ♀ 78.1–83.4, ♂ 63.2–70.1 mm....... Lethocerus patruelis</p><p>4 Foretarsus 2­segmented with one claw. Foretibiae and foretarsi laterally flattened (Figs 28, 31) ( Belostoma or Appasus) ............................................................... 5</p><p>– Foretarsus 3-segmented with two claws (Figs 32, 33). Foretibiae and foretarsi laterally flattened or cylindrical ( Hydrocyrius or Limnogeton) ......................... 6</p><p>5 Prosternum medially with rounded-triangular projection (Fig. 25). Membrane of hemelytron developed (Fig. 10). Forefemur with groove, widest at mid-length, ratio 1:5. Abdominal pilosity as in Figs 11, 19. Female genital operculum bare. Body length, ♀ 25.5±3.2, ♂ 21.1±3.4 mm................... Belostoma bifoveolatum</p><p>– Prosternum medially with broadly triangular projection (Fig. 26). Membrane of hemelytron reduced (Figs 5–7). Forefemur with projection. Abdominal pilosity of ventral laterotergites 4 not attaining external margin (Figs 6, 20). Female genital operculum with 2 tufts of setae on apex. Body length, ♀ 17.3±1.5, ♂ 16.3±1.7 mm.............................................................. Appasus urinator urinator</p><p>6 Fore tibiae and tarsi laterally flattened, with 2 large unequal claws (Fig. 32). Forefemur with 2 grooves. Prosternum medially with ulu-shaped keel. Abdominal pilosity as in Figs 13, 21. Female genital operculum with 1 apical tuft of setae. Body, length, ♀ 67.2 mm.................... Hydrocyrius colombiae colombiae</p><p>– Foretibiae and foretarsi laterally cylindrical, with 2 short equal claws (Fig. 33). Forefemur with 1 wide flat groove. Prosternum medially with spine­like projection (Fig. 27). Abdominal pilosity of ventral laterotergites 4 attaining external margin along its entire length (Figs 9, 22). Genital operculum of female fringed with hairs. Body length, ♀ 50.0±3.7, ♂ 43.1±3.5 mm ......... Limnogeton fieberi</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/334087D6CE3DFFC31CD44F510710F9BB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Novoselsky, Tanya;Chen, Ping-Ping;Nieser, Nico	Novoselsky, Tanya, Chen, Ping-Ping, Nieser, Nico (2018): A review of the giant water bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Nepomorpha: Belostomatidae) of Israel. Israel Journal of Entomology 48 (1): 119-141, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2529002, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2529002
334087D6CE3AFFC71D1F4C040152FDB4.text	334087D6CE3AFFC71D1F4C040152FDB4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Appasus urinator subsp. urinator Dufour 1863	<div><p>Appasus urinator urinator Dufour, 1863</p><p>(Figs 5–7, 16, 20, 26, 31, 49)</p><p>Appasus urinator Dufour, 1863: 393; Polhemus 1995 a: 20 (synonymy).</p><p>Material examined: Israel: Central Coastal Plain: 2♂ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=35.565945&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.698055" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 35.565945/lat 32.698055)">Nehar Yarden</a>, 32°41'53.0"N 35°33'57.4"E, 21.v.2018, T. Eshcoly ; 2♂ Tel Aviv, Tel Aviv University, 13.vii.2011, A. Shlagman. Golan Heights: 1♂ Mizpe Golani [Tel Faher], 22.viii.1981, J. Margalit. Hula and Korazim Block : 1♂ ' Enot ' Enan, 13.vii.2011, L. Friedman ; 23♂ 4♀ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=35.6&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.066666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 35.6/lat 33.066666)">HaHula Nature Reserve</a> [33°04'N 35°36'E], 5–6.vii.1934 (1♂ 1♀), 1.iii.1956 (11♂), 8.vi.1958, L. Fishelsohn (2♂ 1♀), 16.x.1961, A. Ar &amp; L. Fishelsohn (1♂ 1♀), 25.xii.1963, J. Margalit &amp; S. Blondheim (2♂), 5.viii.1964, J. Margalit (2♂ 1♀), 6.vii.1977, A. Freidberg (1♂), 21.ix.1999 (1♂), 3.v.2005, A. Gazit (1♂, reared in Tel Aviv by A. Shlagman), 24.v.2010, G. Wizen (1♂) ; 2♂ Sede Nehemya, 17.viii.1957, 1.vi.1972, Y. Palmoni. Jordan Valley: 2♂ Deganya A, 14.vi.1955, 19.iv.1964, Y. Palmoni. Lower Galilee: 1♂ Huqoq, 9.viii.1986 R. Ortal. Upper Galilee Hills: 7♂ 2♀ Dan, 9.vii.1979, E. Zchori­Fein, on cotton (7♂), 9–15.vii.1979, E. Zchori (2♀) ; 1♂ ' En Gome, 24.v.2017, L. Goren .</p><p>Previous records from Israel: Bodenheimer (1937: 209) reports the species from “Palestine” as Nepoides urinator (Duf.), Linnavuori (1960: 51) as Sphaerodema urinator (Df.), and Polhemus (1995 a: 20) as Appasus urinator urinator .</p><p>Distribution: Egypt, Iraq, Israel (Fig. 49), tropical Africa (Linnavuori 1960; Tawfik et al. 1978; Polhemus 1995 a; Estévez &amp; Ribeiro 2011).</p><p>Phenology in Israel: Larvae of this species were collected in March, July, August and October, adults were collected in April–June, August–September and December.</p><p>Biology: Appasus urinator dwells in lakes, ponds, marshes and rice fields, and preys on a wide range of other aquatic organisms, such as insects, mosquito larvae and pupae, snails and other soft-bodied animals. The bug larvae apparently have a preference for mosquito larvae and pupae. In Egypt the species has two to three generations per year (Tawfik et al. 1978).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/334087D6CE3AFFC71D1F4C040152FDB4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Novoselsky, Tanya;Chen, Ping-Ping;Nieser, Nico	Novoselsky, Tanya, Chen, Ping-Ping, Nieser, Nico (2018): A review of the giant water bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Nepomorpha: Belostomatidae) of Israel. Israel Journal of Entomology 48 (1): 119-141, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2529002, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2529002
334087D6CE38FFC91DC94B150290FDA4.text	334087D6CE38FFC91DC94B150290FDA4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Belostoma Latreille 1807	<div><p>Genus Belostoma Latreille, 1807</p><p>The genus Belostoma can be distinguished from other members of the Belostomatinae by having the large membrane of the hemelytra, the phallobase bifurcated dorsally, and the dorsal arms of the phallotheca extending nearly to the apex of the ventral diverticulum. The membrane of the hemelytron is well developed, with its greatest width more than that of the clavus, most of its cells equal in length, in the form of long, narrow rectangles (De Carlo 1966; Nieser 1975; Estévez &amp; Ribeiro 2011).</p><p>According to Nieser (1975) and Lanzer de Souza (1980), Belostoma accommodates about 70 described species. The genus is considered endemic to the New World, and is most speciose in tropical South America. No species have previously been reported outside the Americas, so this is the first record of the genus Belostoma in the Old World.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/334087D6CE38FFC91DC94B150290FDA4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Novoselsky, Tanya;Chen, Ping-Ping;Nieser, Nico	Novoselsky, Tanya, Chen, Ping-Ping, Nieser, Nico (2018): A review of the giant water bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Nepomorpha: Belostomatidae) of Israel. Israel Journal of Entomology 48 (1): 119-141, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2529002, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2529002
334087D6CE36FFC91D1F4B3D02A5F9BE.text	334087D6CE36FFC91D1F4B3D02A5F9BE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Belostoma bifoveolatum (Spinola 1852) Spinola 1852	<div><p>Belostoma bifoveolatum (Spinola, 1852)</p><p>(Figs 10, 11, 15, 19, 25, 28, 50)</p><p>Belostoma bifoveolatum Spinola, 1852: 227; Lauck 1964: 130.</p><p>Zaitha bifoveolata: Dufour 1863: 389.</p><p>Material examined: Israel: Hula and <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=35.6&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.066666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 35.6/lat 33.066666)">Korazim Block</a>: 4♂ 1♀ HaHula Nature Reserve [33°04'N 35°36'E], 3.v.2005, A. Gazit. Note: Three specimens were reared in the laboratory by Mr.A. Shlagman from material originating from the Hula area .</p><p>Distribution: Argentina, Chile (Nieser 1975; Faúndez &amp; Carvajal 2017; Stefanello et al. 2018; Jara &amp; Perotti 2018), Israel (new record, Fig. 50).</p><p>Phenology in Israel: Adults were collected in May.</p><p>Biology: Hydroperiodicity and temperature may regulate voltinism and development in B. bifoveolatum, thus defining the population structure of this giant water bug. In northern Patagonia, B. bifoveolatum populations may produce one or two generations per year (Kight et al. 2011; Jara &amp; Perotti 2018). As the season progresses, nymphs become more abundant, and adults disappear from water bodies, presumably because they die after reproduction or migrate to other habitats (Jara &amp; Perotti 2018). The warm season in Israel provides an excellent potential for their development. As the observed males were carrying eggs the species seemed to reproduce well.</p><p>Comments: Belostoma bifoveolatum belongs to the bifoveolatum group, which also incorporates B. angustum Lauck and B. elegans (Mayr) . These are cryptic species, being quite similar in terms of their body shape, dimensions and male genital morphology (Stefanello et al. 2018). The species occur from the southern part of South America along the Andes up to Peru. Belostoma bifoveolatum is one of the very few Nepomorpha occurring both in Argentina and Chile (Coscarón 2017; Stefanello et al. 2018). As Belostoma does not occur naturally outside the Americas its record in Israel clearly represents an introduction, albeit through a yet unknown route. This striking, medium sized species can quite easily adapt to different ecological conditions (Jarra &amp; Perotti 2018). Therefore it is advisable to monitor its Israeli population and make an attempt to eradicate it, if it shows signs of becoming invasive.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/334087D6CE36FFC91D1F4B3D02A5F9BE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Novoselsky, Tanya;Chen, Ping-Ping;Nieser, Nico	Novoselsky, Tanya, Chen, Ping-Ping, Nieser, Nico (2018): A review of the giant water bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Nepomorpha: Belostomatidae) of Israel. Israel Journal of Entomology 48 (1): 119-141, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2529002, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2529002
334087D6CE35FFCA1D264D0F023CFA40.text	334087D6CE35FFCA1D264D0F023CFA40.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydrocyrius colombiae subsp. colombiae Spinola 1850	<div><p>Hydrocyrius colombiae colombiae Spinola, 1850</p><p>(Figs 12, 13, 21, 32, 51)</p><p>Hydrocyrius colombiae Spinola, 1850: 107; Polhemus 1995 a: 21 (synonymy).</p><p>Material examined: Israel: Hula and <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=34.916668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.55" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 34.916668/lat 32.55)">Korazim Block</a>: 1♀ HaHula Nature Reserve [33°04'N 35°36'E], 5.iv.1943, R. Ortal. Northern Coastal Plain: 1♀, nymph iv, Ma'agan Mikha'el [32°33'N 34°55'E], 1.i.1957, R. Ortal .</p><p>Distribution: Algeria, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, tropical Africa, Israel (new record, Fig. 51).</p><p>Phenology in Israel: The adults were collected in April and January, the nymph in January.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/334087D6CE35FFCA1D264D0F023CFA40	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Novoselsky, Tanya;Chen, Ping-Ping;Nieser, Nico	Novoselsky, Tanya, Chen, Ping-Ping, Nieser, Nico (2018): A review of the giant water bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Nepomorpha: Belostomatidae) of Israel. Israel Journal of Entomology 48 (1): 119-141, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2529002, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2529002
334087D6CE35FFCA1DCA4C970716F9C3.text	334087D6CE35FFCA1DCA4C970716F9C3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnogeton Mayr 1853	<div><p>Genus Limnogeton Mayr, 1853</p><p>The genus Limnogeton contains the only apparently obligate freshwater snail predators and comprises four extant species (Poisson 1949; Voelker 1966, 1968).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/334087D6CE35FFCA1DCA4C970716F9C3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Novoselsky, Tanya;Chen, Ping-Ping;Nieser, Nico	Novoselsky, Tanya, Chen, Ping-Ping, Nieser, Nico (2018): A review of the giant water bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Nepomorpha: Belostomatidae) of Israel. Israel Journal of Entomology 48 (1): 119-141, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2529002, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2529002
334087D6CE34FFCB1D364A6B02F8FB3F.text	334087D6CE34FFCB1D364A6B02F8FB3F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lethocerinae Lauck & Menke 1961	<div><p>Subfamily Lethocerinae Lauck &amp; Menke, 1961</p><p>The subfamily Lethocerinae is represented in the Israeli fauna by the genus Lethocerus . All species of Lethocerinae are emergent brooders, their eggs being deposited on near-water vegetation and tended to by the males (Lauck &amp; Menke 1961).</p><p>The Lethocerinae include the largest Heteroptera, reaching 120 mm length and being among the largest living insects. They differ from the rest of the Belostomatidae in having the widened mid and hind tibiae, the short and stout beak, slen- der respiratory appendages, a “suture-like” fold on the parasternites, the aedeagus completely separated from the ventral diverticulum, fore legs of larvae with two equal claws, and their reproductive trait that involves oviposition on a substrate outside the water and guarding behaviour of the male (Ichikawa 1988; Smith &amp; Larsen 1993). Identification is often difficult because many species are very similar in their general appearance.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/334087D6CE34FFCB1D364A6B02F8FB3F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Novoselsky, Tanya;Chen, Ping-Ping;Nieser, Nico	Novoselsky, Tanya, Chen, Ping-Ping, Nieser, Nico (2018): A review of the giant water bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Nepomorpha: Belostomatidae) of Israel. Israel Journal of Entomology 48 (1): 119-141, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2529002, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2529002
334087D6CE34FFCB1DD64D9A01F3FA2F.text	334087D6CE34FFCB1DD64D9A01F3FA2F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lethocerus Mayr 1853	<div><p>Genus Lethocerus Mayr, 1853</p><p>These are the largest bugs in Israel. Whereas Lethocerus patruelis is rather common, L. cordofanus has only been collected several times in the region. Lethocerus bugs are eaten in south-east Asia, where they are sold fresh or canned (De Foliart &amp; Gene 2002; Hanboonsong et al. 2013). Perez Goodwyn (2006) provides an illustrated key to species of the genus Lethocerus .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/334087D6CE34FFCB1DD64D9A01F3FA2F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Novoselsky, Tanya;Chen, Ping-Ping;Nieser, Nico	Novoselsky, Tanya, Chen, Ping-Ping, Nieser, Nico (2018): A review of the giant water bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Nepomorpha: Belostomatidae) of Israel. Israel Journal of Entomology 48 (1): 119-141, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2529002, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2529002
334087D6CE34FFCB1DD3483C0212FD76.text	334087D6CE34FFCB1DD3483C0212FD76.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnogeton fieberi Mayr 1853	<div><p>Limnogeton fieberi Mayr, 1853</p><p>(Figs 8, 9, 17, 22, 27, 33, 52)</p><p>Limnogeton fieberi Mayr, 1853: 17; Polhemus 1995 a: 21 (synonymy).</p><p>Material examined: Israel: Central Coastal Plain: 1♂ 1♀ Beit Yanai, 1.ii.1976 (1♀), 1.viii.1984 (1♂), W. Ferguson ; 1♂ Herzliyya, vii.1985, A. Cohen. Northern Coastal Plain : 1♀ ' Atlit, 5.x.1986, I. Livne ; 1♀ Na'aman Nature Reserve, 3.iv.1937, Y. Palmoni. Southern Coastal Plain : 1♀ Palmahim, 1.viii.1984, H.K. Mienis. Upper Galilee : 3♀ Hulata, 10.v.19[??], H. Bytinski­Salz .</p><p>Distribution: Egypt, Iraq, Israel (Fig. 52), tropical Africa (Montandon 1896; Linnavuori 1960, 1971; Voelker 1966, 1968; Tawfik et al. 1978; Polhemus 1995 a).</p><p>Previous records from Israel: Linnavuori (1960: 51) reported this species from the HaHula Nature Reserve.</p><p>Phenology in Israel: Adults were collected in February, April, May, July, August and October.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/334087D6CE34FFCB1DD3483C0212FD76	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Novoselsky, Tanya;Chen, Ping-Ping;Nieser, Nico	Novoselsky, Tanya, Chen, Ping-Ping, Nieser, Nico (2018): A review of the giant water bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Nepomorpha: Belostomatidae) of Israel. Israel Journal of Entomology 48 (1): 119-141, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2529002, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2529002
334087D6CE34FFCC1DFD4CAA0724FC09.text	334087D6CE34FFCC1DFD4CAA0724FC09.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lethocerus cordofanus Mayr 1853	<div><p>Lethocerus cordofanus Mayr, 1853</p><p>(Figs 1, 2, 14, 18, 24, 30, 34, 35, 38, 39, 42–44, 53)</p><p>Belostoma fakir Gistel, 1848: 191 .</p><p>Lethocerus cordofanus Mayr, 1853: 18; Perez Goodwyn 2006: 55.</p><p>Belostoma niloticum Stål, 1854: 240 .</p><p>Belostoma bispinulosum Dufour, 1863: 381 .</p><p>Belostoma lutescens Dufour, 1863: 384 .</p><p>Lethocerus niloticus Cummings, 1933: 199 .</p><p>Material examined: Egypt: 1♂ Sinai, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=33.116665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.133333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 33.116665/lat 31.133333)">Bardawil</a> [31°08'N 33°07'E], x.1976 . Israel: Central Coastal Plain: 2♀ Tel Aviv, 1.i.1980, A.Shlagman. Central Negev: 1♂ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=35.6&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.066666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 35.6/lat 33.066666)">Sde Boqer</a> [30°52'N 34°47'E], 7.ii.1979, Y. Kha’ani. Hula and Korazim Block: 1♀ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=35.6&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.066666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 35.6/lat 33.066666)">HaHula Nature Reserve</a> [33°04'N 35°36'E], 10.viii.1945, H. Bytinski-Salz .</p><p>Distribution: The species is present all over central tropical Africa south of the Sahara desert from the Gulf of Guinea to Somalia. The southernmost locality where it has been recorded is Pretoria (South Africa). In the north, the species reaches the Mediterranean through the Nile River basin (Perez Goodwyn 2006). Israel (new record, Fig. 53).</p><p>Phenology in Israel: Adults were collected in January, February and August.</p><p>Biology: Eggs are laid on emergent vegetation (Lauck &amp; Menke 1961). Tawfik (1969) studied its life history in detail.</p><p>Comments. The name Belostoma fakir Gistel, 1848 has been out of use for more than 150 years. Perez Goodwyn (2006) argues that the description by Gistel can also refer to Hydrocyrius colombiae Spinola, 1850, and, as there is no type material of Belostoma fakir, it is treated as a species inquirenda. Thus, the first description and valid name referring with certainty to this species is Lethocerus cordofanus .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/334087D6CE34FFCC1DFD4CAA0724FC09	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Novoselsky, Tanya;Chen, Ping-Ping;Nieser, Nico	Novoselsky, Tanya, Chen, Ping-Ping, Nieser, Nico (2018): A review of the giant water bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Nepomorpha: Belostomatidae) of Israel. Israel Journal of Entomology 48 (1): 119-141, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2529002, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2529002
334087D6CE32FFCE1DC64D51010FFAB7.text	334087D6CE32FFCE1DC64D51010FFAB7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lethocerus patruelis (Stal 1854)	<div><p>Lethocerus patruelis (Stål, 1854)</p><p>(Figs 3, 4, 23, 29, 36, 37, 40, 41, 45–47, 53)</p><p>Belostoma patruele Stål, 1854: 241 .</p><p>Belostoma niloticum Mayr, 1868: 185 (nec Stål).</p><p>Belostoma niloticum var. persicum Montandon, 1898: 431 .</p><p>Lethocerus persicus Menke, 1963: 258 .</p><p>Lethocerus patruelis: Kanyukova &amp; Kerzhner 1980: 598; Perez Goodwyn 2006: 61.</p><p>Material examined: Israel: ' Arava Valley: 1♀ Ne'ot HaKikkar, 23.vi.1952 J. Wahrman. Central Coastal Plain: 1♂ 1♀ Tel Aviv, xii.1941, Y. Palmoni (1♀), iii.1959, P. Berkovitch (1♂). Central Negev: 1♀ Mizpe Ramon, 18.x.1977 , D. Simon. Golan Heights: 1♀ Yarmouk River, 10.viii.1953 , Y. Palmoni. Hula and Korazim Block: 7♂ HaHula Nature Reserve, 5.iv.1943, R . Ortal (1♂), 3.iii.1957, Z. Shoham (1♂), 27.vii.1954 (1♂), 1960, D. Rawe (4♂). Jordan Valley: 2♂ Deganya A, 31.v.1957 , Y. Palmoni; Massada, 18.ix.1952 , Y. Palmoni. Karmel (Carmel) Ridge: 1♂ Haifa, Akhusa, 20.ix.1955 , J. Wahrman; 1♂ Haifa, 10.v.19[??], H. Bytinski­Salz. Northern Coastal Plain: 1♂ 1♀ Beit Yanai, 1.ii.1976 (1♀) , 26.xii.1986 (1♂), W. Ferguson; 1♂ HaBonim, vi.1977 , B. Feldman; 1♂ Herzliyya, 23.iv.1976 , S. Lev­Yadun; 3♀ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=34.916668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.55" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 34.916668/lat 32.55)">Ma'agan Mikha'el</a> [32°33'N 34°55'E], iv.1956, 13.ii.1988 , Dov A. Ben, 20.i.1984, A. Valdenberg; 1♀ Ma'ayan Tzvi, 1957, S. Angres; 1♀ Nahal Taninim, 16.vii.1975 , D. Berkovitch. Sea of Galilee area: 4♂ Moshava Kinneret, 20.v.1943 , Y. Palmoni. Southern Coastal Plain: 2♀ Bet Dagan, iv.1963 , H. Mendelson; 1♂ Gan Yavne, x.1956 ; 1♂ 2♀ Palmahim, 31.v.2014 , D. Nagar (1♂ 1♀), iv.1984, H.K. Mienis (1♀); 2♂ Ramat Gan, 19.v.1936 ; 1♂ Rehovot, 19.viii.1936 , Hecht. Upper Galilee: 1♂ Tel Dan Nature Reserve, 5.xi.1952 . Jezreel Valley: 1♂ Mizra', 17.vi.1961 .</p><p>Distribution: Hungary, Romania, Italy, Albania, Bulgaria, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Greece, Turkey, Israel (Fig. 54), Syria, Iraq, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, United Arabian Emirates, Yemen, Afghanistan, Nepal, Pakistan, India, Burma (Zimmermann 1982; Linnavuori 1986; Polhemus 1995 a; Perez Goodwyn 2006; Cianferoni &amp; Nardi 2013).</p><p>Previous records from Israel: Bodenheimer (1937: 209) recorded this species from “Palestine” as Belostoma niloticum, and Linnavuori (1960: 51) as B. cordofanum .</p><p>Phenology in Israel: Adults were collected throughout the year.</p><p>Biology: Eggs are laid on emergent vegetation (Lauck &amp; Menke 1961).</p><p>Comments: The species is extremely similar to L. cordofanus . Besides the male genitalia, the paler overall colour with lighter and fewer dark patches as well as stripes of the pronotum, which are wider than those of L. cordofanus, are useful characters to separate the two species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/334087D6CE32FFCE1DC64D51010FFAB7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Novoselsky, Tanya;Chen, Ping-Ping;Nieser, Nico	Novoselsky, Tanya, Chen, Ping-Ping, Nieser, Nico (2018): A review of the giant water bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Nepomorpha: Belostomatidae) of Israel. Israel Journal of Entomology 48 (1): 119-141, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2529002, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2529002
