identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
D2B14726B624563CB7E8EF5012470CAE.text	D2B14726B624563CB7E8EF5012470CAE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Episyron albonotatum (Vander Linden 1827)	<div><p>Episyron albonotatum (Vander Linden, 1827)</p><p>Figs 4 A – F, 5 A – H</p><p>Pompilus albonotatus Vander Linden, 1827: 328, ♀. Type locality: « en Dalmatie » [Croatia].</p><p>Episyron albonotatum: Jakubzik, 1998: 254, ♀ ♂.</p><p>Episyron ordinarius corsicus Priesner, 1965 –66: 42, ♀ (Zigliana).</p><p>Episyron albonotatum sardonium Priesner; Wolf 1978: 75, ♀ ♂ (Aleria, Asco, Motifao).</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>CHINA • 2 ♀♀; Inner Mongolia, Liangcheng County, Daihai; 40°57'N, 112°69'E; 6. IX. 2013; coll. Li Jiang; sweep net (YNAU); CHINA • 1 ♀; Inner Mongolia, Helan Mountain, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.86667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.816666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.86667/lat 38.816666)">Xiangchizi</a>; 38°49'N, 105°52'E; 9. VIII. 2010; coll. Fangzhou Ma, sweep net (YNAU) ; CHINA • 1 ♂; Inner Mongolia, Tongliao Forest Park; 43°65'N, 112°32'E; 12. VII. 2006; coll. Haiyan Zhang; sweep net (YNAU) ; CHINA • 1 ♂; Inner Mongolia, Tongliao City, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=112.13333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.716667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 112.13333/lat 42.716667)">Daqinggou National Nature Reserve</a>; 42°43'N, 112°08'E; 11. VII. 2006; coll. Ming Luo; sweep net (YNAU) ; CHINA • 1 ♂; Inner Mongolia, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=123.75&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=49.35" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 123.75/lat 49.35)">Hailaer National Forest Park</a>; 49°21'N, 123°45'E; 3. VII. 2006; coll. Ming Luo; sweep net (YNAU) .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Female. Body length 6.8–12.3 mm; fore wing 6.2–10.5 mm. Body largely black, following markings yellow: narrow and long stripes along inner and outer orbits, one spot on tegulae, and paired roundish spots on T 2 -3 basolaterally; light yellow spots on T 4-5 usually hidden (Fig. 5 A, B). Apex of fore femora, most of mid and hind femora and all tibiae reddish; spur brown; squamiform pubescence usually brown (Fig. 5 A, D). Fore wings slightly dark, with brownish apical band; pterostigma rounded posteriorly (Fig. 5 E). Tarsomere 1 with three long flattened outer spines, slightly widening or almost parallel-sided toward subapex (Fig. 5 F). POD: OOD = 1.0–1.1; F 1 length 4.4–4.9 times its maximum width. Male. Body length 7.0– 9.6 mm; fore wing 5.4–7.2 mm. Body largely black, following markings yellow: narrow stripes along posterior margin of eyes, indistinct spots on inner orbits; paired large yellow spots on T 3 basolaterally (sometimes connected), and entirely on T 7 (Fig. 6 A – C). Hind tibia reddish (apically black) (Fig. 6 A). Squamiform pubescence usually white (Fig. 6 D). POD: OOD = 1.0; F 1 length 1.45–1.56 times its maximum width (Loktionov and Lelej 2014).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Palearctic region: France, Germany, Iran, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Morocco, Russia, Syria, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, China (Inner Mongolia) (Junco and Reyes 1963; Wolf and Moczar 1995; Wolf 1998, 2003; Loktionov and Lelej 2014, 2017).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D2B14726B624563CB7E8EF5012470CAE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Song, Zhiyan;Dong, Lili;Ma, Li;Li, Qiang	Song, Zhiyan, Dong, Lili, Ma, Li, Li, Qiang (2025): Review and key of the Chinese species of the genus Episyron Schiødte (Hymenoptera, Pompilidae), including descriptions of two new species. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 72 (2): 133-154, DOI: 10.3897/dez.72.138061
FB31B974BBB25D8A97480043DDFCB015.text	FB31B974BBB25D8A97480043DDFCB015.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Episyron arrogans (Smith 1873)	<div><p>Episyron arrogans (Smith, 1873)</p><p>Figs 6 A – F, 7 A – H</p><p>Pompilus arrogans Smith, 1873: 187, ♀. Type locality: “ Hiogo ” [Japan, Honshu].</p><p>Pompilus funereipes Costa, 1874: 30, tab. 7 (bis), fig. 5, ♀. Lectotype, ♀, “ P. funereipes, Napoli ” [Italy], designated by Wolf 1981 c: 32. Junior subjective synonym of Pompilus arrogans Smith, 1873 according to Wahis 1986: 28.</p><p>Pompilus sapporensis Matsumura, 1912: 182, ♀. Syntypes, ♀, “ Sapporo (Hokkaido) ” [EIHU]. Junior subjective synonym of Pompilus arrogans Smith, 1873 according to Yasumatsu 1937: 74.</p><p>Episyron tripunctatus: Gussakovskij 1932: 42 (misidentification).</p><p>Episyron arrogans: Kim 1970: 558, ♀ (S Korea: Hwacheon); Lelej et al. 1994: 143, ♀ ♂, (S Korea: Gyeonggi-do, Gangwon-do; N Korea: Komunsan).</p><p>Episyron arrogans: Lelej, Yamane, 1992: 107, ♀ ♂.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>CHINA • 1 ♀; Hebei, Xinglong County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=117.333336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.516666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 117.333336/lat 40.516666)">Wulingshan National Nature Reserve</a>; 40°31'N, 117°20'E; 29. VIII. 1973; coll. Jikun Yang, sweep net (YNAU) ; CHINA • 6 ♀♀ 2 ♂♂; Hebei, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=114.96667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.933334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 114.96667/lat 39.933334)">Xiaowutaishan</a>; 39°56'N, 114°58'E; 17–22. VI. 2009; coll. Zhenhua Zu; sweep net (YNAU) ; CHINA • 6 ♂♂; Shanxi, Qinshui County; 35°26'N, 113°47'E; 22. V. 2012; coll. Li Jian; sweep net (YNAU); CHINA • 1 ♂; Yunnan, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.28333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.2" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.28333/lat 26.2)">Zhaotong City</a>, Ludian County; 26°12'N, 103°17'E; 18. VII. 2016; coll. Yuxiang Chen; sweep net (YNAU) ; CHINA • 1 ♂; Heilongjiang, Yichun City, Fenglin National Nature Reserve; 48°06'N, 128°61'E; 23. VII. 2008; coll. Yiping Wang; sweep net (YNAU) .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Female. Body length 10.1–13.7 mm; fore wing 8.0– 11.6 mm. Body largely black, following markings whitish yellow: narrow stripes along inner orbit and posterior margin of eyes, posterior margin of pronotum (medially interrupted), a spot on tegulae, paired basolateral roundish spots on T 1, paired basal transverse spots on T 2, T 3 and T 5 (sometimes connected), dorsobasal spot on hind tibia (Fig. 6 A – D). Spur brown; squamiform pubescence usually brown (Fig. 6 D). Male. Body length 7.6–10.5 mm; fore wing 6.8–8.0 mm. In addition to spots seen in female, basal transverse line (or shortly interrupted medially) on T 2, T 3 and T 7 whitish yellow; ventral face of fore tibia and basal half of hind tibia reddish yellow (Fig. 7 A); spur white, and ventral faces of antennal flagellomeres brownish (Smith 1873; Bingham 1897; Kim 2022; Anju et al. 2024).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Palearctic region: European part (Centre, North Caucasus), Eastern Siberia (Irkutsk Prov.), Far East (Amur Prov., Khabarovsk Terr., Primorskii Terr., Kurils), Europe (Western, Southern, Eastern), Turkey, China (Heilongjiang, Liaoning, Hebei, Henan, Shanxi, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Fujian, Yunnan), South Korea, Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Tsushima, Izu, Ryukyu); Oriental region: China, Philippines (Bingham 1897; Wahis 2007; Amiresmaeili et al. 2011; Ghahari et al. 2014; Loktionov and Lelej 2014, 2017; Kim 2022; Anju et al. 2024).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB31B974BBB25D8A97480043DDFCB015	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Song, Zhiyan;Dong, Lili;Ma, Li;Li, Qiang	Song, Zhiyan, Dong, Lili, Ma, Li, Li, Qiang (2025): Review and key of the Chinese species of the genus Episyron Schiødte (Hymenoptera, Pompilidae), including descriptions of two new species. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 72 (2): 133-154, DOI: 10.3897/dez.72.138061
F85CC0EAB806524491C84C9D4CE2E0D5.text	F85CC0EAB806524491C84C9D4CE2E0D5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Episyron fulvimaculatus Song & Li	<div><p>Episyron fulvimaculatus Song &amp; Li sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 1 A – F, 2 A – G</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Holotype: CHINA • ♀; Yunnan, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.46667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.816668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.46667/lat 21.816668)">Jinghong City</a>, Menghai County; 21°49'N, 100°28'E; 24. III – 22. IV. 2021; coll. Malaise trap (YNAU) . Paratypes: CHINA • 2 ♀♀ 2 ♂♂; same data as for holotype, 27. IV – 16. V. 2018 (1 ♂), 24. III – 22. IV. 2019 (1 ♀), 17. V – 17. VI. 2019 (1 ♂), 13. I – 15. II. 2021 (1 ♀); coll. Malaise trap (YNAU); CHINA • 4 ♀♀ 2 ♂♂; Yunnan, Jinghong City, Menghai County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.433334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.75" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.433334/lat 21.75)">Bulang Mountain</a>; 21°45'N, 100°26'E; 17. V – 21. VI. 2018 (2 ♀♀), 29. IV – 28. V. 2019 (2 ♀♀), 17. V 20. VI. 2018 (1 ♂), 28. V 28. VI. 2019 (1 ♂); coll. Malaise trap (YNAU) ; CHINA • 1 ♀; Yunnan, Dehong State, Lianghe County, Zhedao Town, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.21667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.75" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.21667/lat 24.75)">Longhe Village</a>; 24°45'N, 98°13'E; 5. V. 2013; coll. Ying Tian; yellow plate (YNAU) ; CHINA • 3 ♀♀; Yunnan, Wenshan State, Maguan County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.683334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.033333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.683334/lat 23.033333)">Mabai Town</a>; 23°02'N, 104°41'E; 16. VII. 2017; coll. Malaise trap (YNAU) ; CHINA • 3 ♀♀; Yunnan, Baoshan, Tengchong, Jietou Town; 25°43'N, 98°65'E; 15. VII. 2006; coll. Rui Zhang; sweep net (YNAU) ; CHINA • 1 ♀; Yunnan, Yuxi, Chengjiang Yueliangwan Wetland Park; 24°62'N, 102°94'E; 2. IX. 2023; coll. Zhizhi Liu; sweep net (YNAU) .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Female. Length: body 9.2–13.5 mm; fore wing 8.1–11.8 mm.</p><p>Colour. Body black, following markings fulvous: mandible at apical 1 / 2, maxillary palpus, antennae 1–4, sometimes 5, antennal socket, broad band on inner and outer orbits, collar, posterior margin of pronotum, square mark near hind margin of mesonotum, small spot on hind margin of scutellum and on tegulae (Fig. 1 A – D). Mesosoma in large part fulvous, basal T 2 –3 with wide yellow or fulvous band, T 4–6 almost entirely fulvous; basal S 1 –4 more or less black, S 4–6 almost entirely fulvous (Fig. 1 A). All coxae, trochanters and femora at basal 3 / 4 black, fore, mid and hind tarsomeres 5 dark brown, remainder fulvous (Fig. 1 A). Wings hyaline, slightly brownish, fore and hind wings infuscate with light brown apical band, pterostigma entirely brown (Fig. 1 E).</p><p>Pubescence. Mandible, clypeus, frons, vertex, gena, pronotum, propleuron, mesopleuron, propodeum and T 1 with dense golden pubescence, apical metasoma with sparse black setae; pronotum, scutellum, metanotum, metapleura, metapostnotum, propodeum, dorsal surface of hind coxa and T 1 with yellowish-brown squamiform pubescence, mixed metallic reflection (Fig. 1 A – D).</p><p>Head. In frontal view, head width 1.12–1.13 times its height. Mandible stout with two small subapical teeth, inner tooth smaller than outer tooth. Clypeus slightly convex medially, anterior margin rounded, its width 2.14–2.33 times length (Fig. 1 B). Malar space short. Area between antennal sockets convex. Frons flat, with short and inconspicuous median line (Fig. 1 B). Inner orbits nearly parallel below and slightly convergent above; MID width nearly 2.55–3.04 times eyes; LID: MID: UID = 73: 73: 51 (Fig. 1 B). In dorsal view, ocelli approximately in triangle, ocellar area slightly raised; POD: OOD = 0.81–0.89 (Fig. 1 C). Head with developed occipital angles, occipital carina conspicuous (Fig. 1 C). In lateral view, gena 0.61–0.66 times eye width. Flagellum filiform, F 1 slender, length 5.63–6.02 times its maximum width, and 2.32–2.51 times scape; SL: PL: F 1: F 2: F 3: F 4: F 5 = 25: 12: 60: 42: 31: 25: 18.</p><p>Mesosoma. Pronotum length in dorsal view 0.33–0.36 times its maximum width, slightly converging toward base, posterior margin arcuate and slightly angulate medially. Mesoscutum with evident parapsidal line, from apical to 3 / 4 metanotum. Mesoscutellum and metanotum conspicuously convex medially. Metapostnotum narrow medially, and posterior margin arcuately expanded, and its length nearly 0.27–0.33 times metanotum (Fig. 1 D). Propodeum slightly convex in profile, with uniform arcuate transition, length 0.68–0.71 of its maximum width (Fig. 1 D).</p><p>Wings. Marginal cell of fore wing nearly as long as its length from wing tip (Fig. 1 E). Pterostigma slender, rounded posteriorly. Fore wing with three submarginal cells, SMC 3 apparently greater than SMC 2 (Fig. 1 E). SMC 2 receiving crossvein 1 m-cu at basal 0.53–0.56, SMC 3 receiving crossvein 2 m-cu at basal 0.61–0.68 (Fig. 1 E). Hind wing crossvein cu-a arc-like, M + CuA vein fork before intersection of cu-a and M + CuA (Fig. 1 E).</p><p>Legs. Fore tarsus with cylindrical tapering spines, tarsomere 1 outside with three outer spines, tarsomere 2, 3 with two outer spines, tarsomere 4 with one outer spine, tarsomere 5 without spine; two spines on ventral surface of tarsomere 1; apical spine of tarsomere 1 slightly exceeding apex of tarsomere 2; tarsomere 2 apical spine extended beyond apex of tarsomere 3, a row of small spines on ventral surface of tarsomeres 1–4 (Fig. 1 F). Long spur of hind tibia nearly 0.75–0.84 times metatarsus. Tarsal claws symmetrical and bifid, inner tooth broad and obliquely truncated (Fig. 1 F).</p><p>Metasoma. Metasoma without petiole, apex of T 6 slightly compressed.</p><p>Male. Body length 7.3–9.5 mm, fore wing 7.6–8.3 mm. Similar to female except: mandible red-brown at apical 1 / 2, tegulae red-brown (Fig. 2 B). Following markings fulvous: inner and outer orbits, antennae 3–8 segments ventrally, posterior margin of pronotum, square mark near hind margin of mesoscutum; basal T 2 –3 band; T 7 almost entirely yellow brown or fulvous (Fig. 2 A – D). Femora apically and tibiae reddish brown, tarsus brownish black (Fig. 2 A). Squamiform pubescence usually brown, mixed with pink and metallic sheen (Fig. 2 D). Head width 1.15–1.17 times its height (Fig. 2 B). Mandible with one small subapical tooth. Clypeus width 1.92–2.02 times length; MID width nearly 2.48–2.51 times eyes; LID: MID: UID = 46: 56: 48 (Fig. 2 B); POD: OOD = 0.73–0.86. Gena 0.53–0.62 times eye width. F 1 nearly 1.42–1.64 times as long as width, SL: PL: F 1: F 2: F 3: F 4: F 5 = 15: 5: 17: 23: 21: 19: 18. Pronotum length 0.31–0.37 times its maximum width, metapostnotum length nearly 0.23–0.27 times metanotum; propodeum length 0.50–0.58 times its maximum width (Fig. 2 D). SMC 2 receiving crossvein 1 m-cu at basal 0.53–0.57, SMC 3 receiving crossvein 2 m-cu at basal 0.64–0.66. Fore tarsus without comb spines, long spur of hind tibia nearly 0.84–0.87 times metatarsus. Metasoma lanceolate, slightly narrower than mesosoma. Genitalia: paramere narrow and long, with bristles apically; apical 2 / 3 of volsella broad, ventral surface with a few bristles; SGP in ventral view narrowing toward apex, ventral surface with dense, short setae apically.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China: Yunnan (Xishuangbanna State, Dehong State, Baoshan City).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific epithet fulvimaculatus originates from the Latin words “ fulv - ” and “ maculatus ”, referring to the many fulvous spots or bands throughout the body.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>The new species is similar to Episyron vagabundus hopponis (Matsumura, 1912), but can be separated from it by the following characteristics:</p><p>Female of E. fulvimaculatus: F 1 slender, length 5.63–6.02 times its maximum width; POD &lt;OOD; pterostigma rounded posteriorly (Fig. 1 E); comb spine of fore tarsomere 1 comparatively long (Fig. 1 F). In male, basolateral marks of T 2 - T 3 and mark on T 7 yellow brown or fulvous (Fig. 2 A); F 1 length 1.42–1.64 times its maximum width.</p><p>In Episyron vagabundus hopponis (Matsumura, 1912) (female): F 1 length 6.78–7.62 times its maximum width; POD&gt; OOD; pterostigma elongated, posterior margin parallel to anterior (Fig. 13 E); comb spine of fore tarsomere 1 comparatively shorter (Fig. 13 F). In male, basolateral marks of T 3 (usually concealed) and mark on T 7 yellow (Fig. 14 A); F 1 length 2.11–2.32 times its maximum width.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F85CC0EAB806524491C84C9D4CE2E0D5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Song, Zhiyan;Dong, Lili;Ma, Li;Li, Qiang	Song, Zhiyan, Dong, Lili, Ma, Li, Li, Qiang (2025): Review and key of the Chinese species of the genus Episyron Schiødte (Hymenoptera, Pompilidae), including descriptions of two new species. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 72 (2): 133-154, DOI: 10.3897/dez.72.138061
DC35F799473351A8A5133B9B3CA74146.text	DC35F799473351A8A5133B9B3CA74146.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Episyron immaculatus Song & Ma	<div><p>Episyron immaculatus Song &amp; Ma sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 3 A – F</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Holotype: CHINA • ♀; Inner Mongolia, Helan Mountain, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.86667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.816666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.86667/lat 38.816666)">Xiangchizi</a>; 38°49'N, 105°52'E; 7. VIII. 2010; coll. Fangzhou Ma; sweep net (YNAU) ; Paratypes: CHINA • 1 ♀; Inner Mongolia, Helan Mountain, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.2" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.7/lat 39.2)">Xiazigou</a>; 39°12'N, 105°42'E; 9. VIII. 2010; coll. Fangzhou Ma; sweep net (YNAU) ; CHINA • 1 ♀; Inner Mongolia, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.73333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.35" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.73333/lat 38.35)">Helan Mountain National Nature Reserve</a>; 38°21'N, 105°44'E; 26. VII. 2010; coll. Dingji Zhang, sweep net (YNAU) .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Female. Length: body 10.5–12.5 mm; fore wing 8.1–9.8 mm.</p><p>Colour. Body black, yellow marks as follows: narrow stripes along inner orbit in median part of face in frontal view, stripes along posterior margin of eyes (Fig. 3 B, C). Mid, hind femora (apical black) and tibiae reddish, spur brown (Fig. 3 A). Fore wings slightly dark, with brownish apical band (Fig. 3 E).</p><p>Pubescence. Mandible, scape, vertex, gena, pronotum, propodeum and apical metasoma with sparse black setae; pronotum, scutellum, metanotum, metapleura, metapostnotum, propodeum, dorsal surface of hind coxa and T 1 with unevenly distributed, brown squamiform pubescence (Fig. 3 A – D).</p><p>Head. In frontal view, head width 1.17–1.20 times its height (Fig. 3 B). Mandible slender, with two subapical teeth. Clypeus slightly convex medially, anterior margin rounded, its width 1.95–2.11 times length (Fig. 3 B). Malar space short. Area between antennal sockets convex. Frons flat, with long and conspicuous median line, extending to anterior ocellus (Fig. 3 B). Inner orbits nearly parallel below and slightly convergent above; MID width 1.85–1.89 times eyes; LID: MID: UID = 68: 69: 50 (Fig. 3 B). In dorsal view, ocelli approximately in obtuse triangle, ocellar area slightly raised; POD: OOD = 1.34–1.67 (Fig. 3 C). Head with developed occipital angles, occipital carina conspicuous (Fig. 3 C). In lateral view, gena 0.26–0.28 times eye width. Flagellum filiform, F 1 slender, length 5.25–5.78 times its maximum width, and 1.62–1.73 times scape; SL: PL: F 1: F 2: F 3: F 4: F 5 = 31: 10: 52: 37: 33: 30: 26.</p><p>Mesosoma. Pronotum length in dorsal view 0.43–0.58 times its maximum width, slightly converging toward base, posterior margin arcuate and slightly angulate medially. Mesoscutum with evident parapsidal line, from apical to 3 / 4 metanotum (Fig. 3 A). Mesoscutellum and metanotum conspicuously convex medially. Metapostnotum narrow medially, and posterior margin arcuately expanded, and its length nearly 0.33–0.45 times metanotum (Fig. 3 D). Propodeum slightly convex in profile, with uniform arcuate transition, length 0.74–0.80 of its maximum width (Fig. 3 D).</p><p>Wings. Marginal cell of fore wing nearly as long as its length from the wing tip (Fig. 3 E). Pterostigma short, its posterior margin rounded (Fig. 3 E). Fore wing with three submarginal cells, SMC 3 apparently greater than SMC 2 (Fig. 3 E). SMC 2 receiving crossvein 1 m-cu at basal 0.61–0.63, SMC 3 receiving crossvein 2 m-cu at basal 0.54–0.60 (Fig. 3 E). Hind wing crossvein cu-a arc-like, M + CuA vein fork before intersection of cu-a and M + CuA (Fig. 3 E).</p><p>Legs. Fore tarsus with flattened spines, slightly widening or almost parallel-sided toward subapex (Fig. 3 F). Tarsomere 1 outside with four outer spines, first spine shorter; tarsomere 2, 3 with two outer spines; tarsomere 4 with one outer spine; tarsomere 5 without spine; three spines on ventral surface of tarsomere 1; apical spine of tarsomere 1 exceeding apex of tarsomere 2; tarsomere 2 apical spine extended beyond apex of tarsomere 3, a row of small spines on ventral surface of tarsomeres 1–4 (Fig. 3 F). Long spur of hind tibia 0.80–0.82 times of metatarsus. Tarsal claws symmetrical and bifid, inner tooth broad and obliquely truncated (Fig. 3 F).</p><p>Metasoma. Metasoma without petiole, apex of T 6 slightly compressed (Fig. 3 A).</p><p>Male. Unknown.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China: Inner Mongolia (Alashan).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific epithet immaculatus originates from the prefix “ im - ” and the Latin word “ maculatus ”, and refers to the black metasoma, without any spots or bands.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>The new species clearly differs from Episyron rufipes (Linnaeus, 1758) and other congeners by the following characteristics:</p><p>Female of E. immaculatus: F 1 length 5.25–5.78 times its maximum width; POD: OOD = 1.34–1.67 (Fig. 3 A); mid, hind femora (apical black) and tibia reddish (Fig. 3 A); pterostigma short, its posterior margin rounded (Fig. 3 E); pronotum, mesonotum and metasoma black, without any spots or bands (Fig. 3 A, D).</p><p>In Episyron rufipes (Linnaeus, 1758) (female): F 1 length 5.78–6.5 times its maximum width; POD: OOD = 1.18–1.33 (Fig. 9 C); apical 2 / 3 of mid femora, hind femora (basal black), mid and hind tibia reddish (Fig. 9 A); pterostigma elongated, its posterior margin parallel to anterior one (Fig. 9 E); a yellow spot on tegulae, paired basolateral roundish spots on T 2, paired basal transverse large spots on T 3 (sometimes connected), spots on T 4-5 usually hidden, and roundish light yellow spot on T 6 basally (Fig. 9 A, D).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DC35F799473351A8A5133B9B3CA74146	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Song, Zhiyan;Dong, Lili;Ma, Li;Li, Qiang	Song, Zhiyan, Dong, Lili, Ma, Li, Li, Qiang (2025): Review and key of the Chinese species of the genus Episyron Schiødte (Hymenoptera, Pompilidae), including descriptions of two new species. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 72 (2): 133-154, DOI: 10.3897/dez.72.138061
71F0914B8EAE5458B9AED4EAE487FD7D.text	71F0914B8EAE5458B9AED4EAE487FD7D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Episyron latimarginatus Tsuneki 1989	<div><p>Episyron latimarginatus Tsuneki, 1989</p><p>Fig. 8 A – F</p><p>Episyron latimarginatus Tsuneki, 1989: 111.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>CHINA • 1 ♀; Yunnan, Wenshan State, Maguan County; 22°45'N, 103°89'E; 14. VII. 2017; coll. Malaise trap (YNAU) ; CHINA • 3 ♀♀; Yunnan, Jinghong City, Menghai County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.48333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.816668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.48333/lat 21.816668)">Guanggang Village</a>; 21°49'N, 100°29'E; IX. 2018 – IX. 2020; coll. Malaise trap (YNAU) ; CHINA • 1 ♀; Yunnan, Qujing City, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.666664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.766666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.666664/lat 25.766666)">Maguohe Town</a>; 25°46'N, 103°40'E; 20. VII. 2005; coll. Kai Wu; sweep net (YNAU) ; CHINA • 1 ♀; Guangdong, Huizhou City, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=114.35&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.233334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 114.35/lat 23.233334)">Xiangtou Mountain National Nature Reserve</a>; 23°14'N, 114°21'E, 8. V. 2010; coll. Huayan Chen; sweep net (SCAU) ; CHINA • 1 ♀; Guangdong, Huizhou City, Nankun Mountain; 23 °64'N, 113°89'E; 4–6. VI. 2011; coll. Zaifu Xu; sweep net (SCAU) ; CHINA • 1 ♀; Guangxi, Guilin City, Yanshan District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=110.51667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.116667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 110.51667/lat 25.116667)">Jinhua Tea Garden</a>; 25°07'N, 110°31'E; 15. VI. 2020; coll. Jinxia Gao; sweep net (YNAU) ; CHINA • 1 ♀; Guangxi, Wuming District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=108.78333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.733334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 108.78333/lat 23.733334)">Daming Mountain</a>; 23°44'N, 108°47'E; 22. V. 1963; coll. Jikun Yang, sweep net (YNAU) .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Female. Body length 9.1–14.2 mm; fore wing 8.6–12.3 mm. Body largely black, following markings yellow: broad band on inner and outer orbits, broad band on clypeus apically, collar, posterior margin of pronotum, square mark near hind margin of mesonotum, a spot on tegulae, paired basal transverse spots on T 2, T 3 and T 5, and dorsobasal spot on hind tibia (Fig. 8 A – D); spines of legs pale brown, spurs more or less brownish (Fig. 8 A); fore wings slightly dark, and with brownish apical band, covering apical SMC 2 and whole of SMC 3 (Fig. 8 E) (Tsuneki 1989).</p><p>Male. Unknown.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China (Tsuneki 1989; He et al. 2004).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/71F0914B8EAE5458B9AED4EAE487FD7D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Song, Zhiyan;Dong, Lili;Ma, Li;Li, Qiang	Song, Zhiyan, Dong, Lili, Ma, Li, Li, Qiang (2025): Review and key of the Chinese species of the genus Episyron Schiødte (Hymenoptera, Pompilidae), including descriptions of two new species. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 72 (2): 133-154, DOI: 10.3897/dez.72.138061
30370828B1B85B578351698E04AD241D.text	30370828B1B85B578351698E04AD241D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Episyron rufipes (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>Episyron rufipes (Linnaeus, 1758)</p><p>Figs 9 A – F, 10 A – H</p><p>Sphex rufipes Linnaeus, 1758: 571. Lectotype, ♀, “ in Europa ” (Sweden), designated by Day 1979: 71 [CLS].</p><p>Pompilus karafutonis Matsumura, 1911: 100, ♀. Holotype, ♀, “ Chipsani ” [Russia, southern Sakhalin, Ozersky, 14 km E of Korsakov] [EIHU]. Junior subjective synonym of Sphex rufipes Linnaeus, 1758 according to Yasumatsu 1937: 73.</p><p>Episyron rufipes (Linné); Junco and Reyes 1963: 494 (Ajaccio).</p><p>Episyron rufipes sardoum Wolf, 1978: 75, ♀ ♂ (Aleria, Porto Pollo, St – Florent, Taravo).</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>CHINA • 14 ♀♀ 7 ♂♂; Inner Mongolia, Liangcheng County, Daihai; 40°57'N, 112°69'E; 6. IX. 2013; coll. Li Jiang; sweep net (YNAU) ; CHINA • 8 ♀♀ 3 ♂♂; Inner Mongolia, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=108.96667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.933334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 108.96667/lat 40.933334)">Wuliangsuhai Wetland</a>; 40°56'N, 108°58'E; 7. IX. 2013; coll. Li Jiang, Jiang Zhu; sweep net (YNAU) ; CHINA • 1 ♀ 2 ♂♂; Inner Mongolia, Helan Mountain, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.86667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.816666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.86667/lat 38.816666)">Xiangchizi</a>; 38°49'N, 105°52'E; 25. VIII. 2013; coll. Li Jiang; sweep net (YNAU) ; CHINA • 1 ♀; Inner Mongolia, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.86667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.816666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.86667/lat 38.816666)">Hailar</a>; 38°49'N, 105°52'E; 9. VII. 2006; coll. Peng Wang; sweep net (YNAU) ; CHINA • 2 ♂♂; Inner Mongolia, Tongliao Forest Park; 43°65'N, 112°32'E; 12. VII. 2006; coll. Ming Luo; sweep net (YNAU) .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Female. Body length 7.5–10.3 mm; fore wing 6.2–9.8 mm. Body largely black, following markings creamy yellow: narrow band on inner and outer orbits; a spot on tegulae, paired basolateral roundish spots on T 2, paired basal transverse large spots on T 3 (sometimes connected), and roundish spot on T 6 basally, light yellow spots on T 4-5 usually hidden (Fig. 9 A – D). Apical 2 / 3 of mid femur, hind femur (basal black), mid and hind tibia reddish; spur brown; squamiform pubescence usually brown (Fig. 9 A, D). Forewing, except for apical dark area, largely hyaline; pterostigma elongated, its posterior margin parallel to anterior one (Fig. 9 E). Tarsomere 1 with four long flattened outer spines, slightly widening or almost parallel-sided toward subapex (Fig. 9 F). POD: OOD = 1.18–1.33; F 1 length 5.78–6.5 times its maximum width. Male. Body length 6.2–7.8 mm; fore wing 5.3–6.5 mm. Body largely black, following markings creamy yellow: narrow and long stripes along inner and outer orbits; spot on tegulae; paired roundish spots on T 2 -3 basally (one on T 3 connected) and the entirely face of T 7 (Fig. 10 A – D). Apical of mid femora, half of hind femora, mid and hind tibia reddish; spur brown; squamiform pubescence usually brown (Fig. 9 A, D). POD: OOD = 1.0–1.1; F 1 length 1.5–1.71 times its maximum width (Loktionov and Lelej 2014; Kim 2022).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Palearctic region: Russia: European part (North – West, Centre, East, South, North Caucasus, Crimea), Ural, Eastern Siberia (Irkutsk Prov., Buryat Rep., Zabaikalskii Terr.), Far East (Amur Prov., Khabarovsk Terr., Primorskii Terr., Sakhalin, Kamchatka Terr., Magadan Prov.), Asia: China (Inner Mongolia), South Korea, Japan (Honshu, Kyushu) (Mokrousov 2009; Mokrousov et al. 2013; Loktionov and Lelej 2014, 2017; Kim 2022).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/30370828B1B85B578351698E04AD241D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Song, Zhiyan;Dong, Lili;Ma, Li;Li, Qiang	Song, Zhiyan, Dong, Lili, Ma, Li, Li, Qiang (2025): Review and key of the Chinese species of the genus Episyron Schiødte (Hymenoptera, Pompilidae), including descriptions of two new species. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 72 (2): 133-154, DOI: 10.3897/dez.72.138061
91F889FA2F3057BAB38465C2132DB805.text	91F889FA2F3057BAB38465C2132DB805.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Episyron rufotibialis Tsuneki 1989	<div><p>Episyron rufotibialis Tsuneki, 1989</p><p>Episyron rufotibialis Tsuneki, 1989: 113.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Female. Body length 9–10 mm. Body largely black, following markings creamy yellow: apical margin of clypeus narrowly lemon yellow, paired basolateral spots on T 1, T 2 and T 5. Spines on tibiae brown, but on tarsi black, spur brown to dark brown, tarsomere 1 with three outer spines; wings very slightly yellowish and narrowly at apex fuscous; squamiform pubescence on pronotum, propodeum and Tl broadly (but not completely) expanded and bluish (Tsuneki 1989). Male. Unknown.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China (Tsuneki, 1989).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/91F889FA2F3057BAB38465C2132DB805	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Song, Zhiyan;Dong, Lili;Ma, Li;Li, Qiang	Song, Zhiyan, Dong, Lili, Ma, Li, Li, Qiang (2025): Review and key of the Chinese species of the genus Episyron Schiødte (Hymenoptera, Pompilidae), including descriptions of two new species. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 72 (2): 133-154, DOI: 10.3897/dez.72.138061
299AC96014E35E049EEF3708435BA74D.text	299AC96014E35E049EEF3708435BA74D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Episyron rufotibius Anju, Girish Kumar & Thejass 2024	<div><p>Episyron rufotibius Anju, Girish Kumar &amp; Thejass, 2024</p><p>Figs 11 A – F, 12 A – H</p><p>Episyron rufotibius Anju, Girish Kumar &amp; Thejass, 2024: 565 .</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>CHINA • 41 ♀♀ 66 ♂♂; Yunnan, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.65&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.3" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.65/lat 23.3)">Yuxi City</a>, Yuanjiang County; 23°18'N, 101°39'E; V – VI. 2016 (12 ♀♀ 17 ♂♂), VI – IX. 2016 (18 ♀♀ 11 ♂♂), IV – V. 2016 (11 ♀♀ 38 ♂♂); Malaise trap (YNAU) ; CHINA • 2 ♀♀ 3 ♂♂; Yunnan, Yuxi City, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=102.28333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.783333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 102.28333/lat 23.783333)">Yuanjiang Ecological Station</a>; 23°47'N, 102°17'E; 12. VII. 2022; coll. Zhiyan Song; sweep net (YNAU) ; CHINA • 1 ♀; Yunnan: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.26667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.9" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.26667/lat 21.9)">Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden</a>, rainforest; 21°54'N, 101°16'E; III – IV. 2019; coll. Yongsheng Pu, Malaise trap (YNAU) ; CHINA • 1 ♀; Yunnan, Jinghong City, Menghai County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.48333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.816668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.48333/lat 21.816668)">Guanggang Village</a>; 21°49'N, 100°29'E; 24. VII – 23. IX. 2019; coll. Malaise trap (YNAU) ; CHINA • 2 ♀♀; Yunnan, Yuanmou County, Xinhua Town; 25°71'N, 101°88'E; 4. X. 2011; coll. Malaise trap (YNAU) ; CHINA • 1 ♀; Yunnan, Hekou County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.45&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.683332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.45/lat 22.683332)">Nanxi Town</a>; 22°41'N, 103°27'E; VII – IX. 2016; coll. Malaise trap (YNAU) ; CHINA • 2 ♀♀; Guangdong, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=116.583336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.916666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 116.583336/lat 23.916666)">Jieyang City</a>; 23°55'N, 116°35'E; 1–10. VIII. 2008; coll. Shihong Wang, sweep net (SCAU) .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Female. Length: body 9.2–14.5 mm; fore wing 8.4–11.3 mm. Body black, yellow marks as follows: broad yellow band along lower margin of clypeus, band narrow medially with “ U ” depression, and broad band on inner and outer orbits; posterior margin of pronotum creamy yellow, square mark near hind margin of mesonotum, spot on tegulae, paired basolateral roundish spots on T 1, T 2 and T 3 (usually hidden), paired basal transverse large spots on T 5 (sometimes connected) (Fig. 11 A – D). Hind tibia reddish (apical black) (Fig. 11 A). Wings hyaline, fore wing infuscate with light brown apical band (Fig. 11 E). Face below with pale short pubescence; vertex, gena, pronotum, propodeum and T 1 with dense, long, erect and white pubescence, apical metasoma with sparse brownish black setae; squamiform pubescence usually with bluish or yellow-green metallic reflection (Fig. 11 D). Clypeus slightly convex medially, rounded anterior margin, its width 2.19–2.22 times length. MID width nearly 2.23–2.32 times eyes; LID: MID: UID = 60: 62: 37 (Fig. 11 B). POD: OOD = 1.50–1.75. Flagellum filiform, F 1 length 7.13–7.43 times its maximum width; SL: PL: F 1: F 2: F 3: F 4: F 5 = 30: 10: 57: 33: 30: 25: 23. SMC 2 receiving crossvein 1 m-cu at basal 0.65, SMC 3 receiving crossvein 2 m-cu at basal 0.64. Hind wing crossvein cu-a arc-like, M + CuA vein fork before intersection of cu-a and M + CuA (Fig. 11 E). Fore tarsus with cylindrical tapering spines, tarsomere 1 outside with three outer spines, tarsomeres 2, 3 with two outer spines, tarsomere 4 with one outer spine, tarsomere 5 without spine (Fig. 11 F). Metasoma without petiole, apex of T 6 slightly compressed (Anju et al. 2024).</p><p>Description of male.</p><p>Body length 8.1–10.5 mm, fore wing 7.1–7.5 mm. Similar to female, yellow marks as follows: clypeus apically with broad band, band narrow medially with “ U ” depression or with one large yellow spot on each side; paired large spots on T 3 basolaterally, paired small spots on T 4 and T 5 basolaterally (Fig. 12 A – D). Hind tibia reddish (apically black), spines and spurs pale (Fig. 12 A). Wings hyaline, fore wing infuscate with light brown apical band, pterostigma entirely brown (Fig. 12 E). Face below with short pale pubescence; vertex, gena, pronotum, propodeum and T 1 with dense long erect white pubescence, apical metasoma with sparse brownish black setae; pronotum, scutellum, metanotum, metapleura, metapostnotum, propodeum, dorsal surface of hind coxa and T 1 with unevenly distributed large squamiform pubescence, and T 2 –3 also with few squamiform pubescence, usually with bluish or yellow-green metallic reflection (Fig. 12 A – D).</p><p>Head. In frontal view, head width 1.18–1.19 times height. Mandible slender, with one apical tooth. Clypeus slightly convex medially, rounded anteriorly, its width 1.64–2.11 times length (Fig. 12 B). Malar space short. Area between antennal sockets convex. Frons flat, with inconspicuous median line. Inner orbits nearly parallel below and slightly convergent above; MID width nearly 2.48–2.68 times eyes; LID: MID: UID = 42: 47: 38 (Fig. 12 B). In dorsal view, ocelli approximately in obtuse triangle, ocellar area slightly raised; POD: OOD = 1.1–1.3 (Fig. 12 C). In lateral view, gena 0.32–0.37 times eye width. Flagellum filiform, F 1 nearly 1.43–1.70 times as long as wide, SL: PL: F 1: F 2: F 3: F 4: F 5 = 15: 5: 12: 14: 14: 13: 12.</p><p>Mesosoma. Pronotum length in dorsal view 0.25–0.29 times maximum width, slightly converging toward base, posterior margin arcuate and slightly angulate medially. Mesoscutum with evident parapsidal line, from apical to 3 / 4 metanotum. Mesoscutellum and metanotum conspicuously convex medially. Metapostnotum narrow medially, posterior margin arcuately expanded, its length nearly 0.37–0.43 times metanotum (Fig. 12 D). Propodeum slightly convex in profile, with uniform arcuate transition, length 0.77–0.83 of its maximum width (Fig. 12 D).</p><p>Wings. Marginal cell of fore wing nearly as long as its length from the wing tip (Fig. 12 E). Pterostigma slender, its posterior margin parallel to anterior one. SMC 2 long, and SMC 3 narrows in upper part. SMC 2 receiving crossvein 1 m-cu at basal 0.63–0.80, SMC 3 receiving crossvein 2 m-cu at basal 0.61–0.63 (Fig. 12 E). Hind wing crossvein cu-a arc-like, M + CuA vein fork before intersection of cu-a and M + CuA (Fig. 12 E).</p><p>Legs. Fore tarsus without comb spines, long spur of hind tibia 0.79–0.90 times of metatarsus. Tarsal claws symmetrical and bifid, inner tooth broad and obliquely truncated.</p><p>Metasoma. Basal segment of metasoma much narrow, so that metasoma more fusiform than the others (Fig. 12 A).</p><p>Sex association.</p><p>All female and male specimens were collected from the same location, on the same dates, and in the same Malaise trap. They exhibit identical patterns and share the following diagnostic characteristics: a broad yellow band along the lower margin of the clypeus; reddish hind tibia (apically black); and squamiform pubescence usually displaying a bluish or yellow-green metallic reflection.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China (Yunnan, Guangdong), India (Kerala) (Anju et al. 2024).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/299AC96014E35E049EEF3708435BA74D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Song, Zhiyan;Dong, Lili;Ma, Li;Li, Qiang	Song, Zhiyan, Dong, Lili, Ma, Li, Li, Qiang (2025): Review and key of the Chinese species of the genus Episyron Schiødte (Hymenoptera, Pompilidae), including descriptions of two new species. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 72 (2): 133-154, DOI: 10.3897/dez.72.138061
6361FC135A36559395FEA35D62B57519.text	6361FC135A36559395FEA35D62B57519.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Episyron Schiodte 1837	<div><p>Genus Episyron Schiødte, 1837</p><p>Episyron Schiødte, 1837: 341. Type species: Sphex rufipes Linnaeus, 1758, monotype, by original designation.</p><p>Epizuron Ashmead, 1902: 82. Subsequent misspelling of Episyron Schiødte, 1837 .</p><p>Spilopompilus Ashmead, 1902: 81. Type species: Pompilus “ biguttulatus ” Fabricius, 1798 (subsequent misspelling of Pompilus biguttatus Fabricius, 1798), by original designation. Junior subjective synonym of Episyron Schiødte, 1837 according to Wahis 1986: 28.</p><p>Generic diagnosis.</p><p>Body black, many species exhibiting whitish or yellowish markings on pronotum and mesosoma, legs partly or wholly rufous. In both sexes, dense brown, gray or bluish white lanceolate scales largely covering pronotum, scutellum, metanotum, mesopleura, metapleura, propodeum, hind coxa dorsally and metasomal tergum 1. Mandible with two teeth on inner margin in female, one in male. Clypeus large, malar space short or practically absent (Figs 1 B, 2 B, 3 B, 4 B, 5 B, 6 B, 7 B, 8 B, 9 B, 10 B, 11 B, 12 B, 13 B, 14 B). Antennae in general rather elongate, but in some males shorter. Legs strongly spinose, fore tibiae of females with a few spines and fore metatarsus with a strong comb; all claws bifid in both sexes, inner ray close to outer ray and more or less truncate; apical segment of fore tarsus unmodified, parallel – sided (Figs 1 F, 3 F, 4 F, 6 F, 8 F, 9 F, 11 F, 13 F). Fore wing with three submarginal cells, SMC 2 long, SMC 3 short (Figs 1 E, 3 E, 4 E, 5 E, 6 E, 7 E, 8 E, 9 E, 10 E, 11 E, 12 E, 13 E, 14 E) (Evans 1950, 1966; Kim 2022; Anju et al. 2024).</p><p>Biology.</p><p>Members of the genus Episyron are small to medium-sized predatory and parasitic wasps that prey on orb-weaver spiders ( Araneidae). When hunting, the female wasp first stings and paralyzes the prey, then transports it back to the ground or carries it in flight to the vicinity of its nest, ultimately dragging the prey into the burrow (Kurczewski and Kurczewski 1973; Kurczewski and Spofford 1986; Kurczewski 2001). Adults also have the habit of visiting flowers and males are considered potential pollinators. Episyron species prefer open environments with sandy soils and are often found around watercourses (Wasbauer and Kimsey 1985). They typically nest in the soil, constructing short, sloping burrows. Their movements during flight and nesting are highly agile (Evans 1950, 1997; Wasbauer and Kimsey 1985).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>All major zoogeographic regions.</p><p>Key to the species of the genus Episyron Schiødte, 1837 from China</p><p>Females</p><p>Males (males are unknown for E. immaculatus Song &amp; Ma, sp. nov., E. latimarginatus Tsuneki, 1989, and E. rufotibialis Tsuneki, 1989)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6361FC135A36559395FEA35D62B57519	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Song, Zhiyan;Dong, Lili;Ma, Li;Li, Qiang	Song, Zhiyan, Dong, Lili, Ma, Li, Li, Qiang (2025): Review and key of the Chinese species of the genus Episyron Schiødte (Hymenoptera, Pompilidae), including descriptions of two new species. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 72 (2): 133-154, DOI: 10.3897/dez.72.138061
6F0D3AF1BC195D2BA2E832E7772AB3E0.text	6F0D3AF1BC195D2BA2E832E7772AB3E0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Episyron vagabundus subsp. hopponis (Matsumura 1912)	<div><p>Episyron vagabundus hopponis (Matsumura, 1912)</p><p>Figs 13 A – F, 14 A – H</p><p>Pompilus hopponis Matsumura, 1912: 184.</p><p>Episyron vagabundus hopponis Tsuneki, 1989: 108.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>CHINA • 1 ♀ 1 ♂; Yunnan, Dehong State, Lianghe County, Zhedao Town, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.21667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.75" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.21667/lat 24.75)">Longhe Village</a>; 24°45'N, 98°13'E; 5. V. 2013; coll. Li Jiang; sweep net (YNAU) ; 2 ♀♀ 5 ♂♂, same locality as above, except coll. Jian Zhu, sweep net (YNAU); CHINA • 1 ♀; Yunnan, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.65&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.3" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.65/lat 23.3)">Yuxi City</a>, Yuanjiang County; 23°18'N, 101°39'E; IV – V. 2006; coll. Malaise trap (YNAU) . CHINA • 8 ♀♀; Yunnan, Wenshan State, Maguan County; 22°48'N, 103°79'E; V – IX. 2017; coll. Malaise trap (YNAU) ; CHINA • 29 ♀♀ 20 ♂♂; Yunnan, Jinghong City, Menghai County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.48333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.816668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.48333/lat 21.816668)">Guanggang Village</a>; 21°49'N, 100°29'E; V – XI. 2021; coll. Malaise trap (YNAU) ; CHINA • 5 ♀♀ 3 ♂♂; Yunnan, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.26667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.9" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.26667/lat 21.9)">Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden</a>, rainforest; 21°54'N, 101°16'E; 24. IV – 31. V. 2019; coll. Malaise trap (YNAU) ; CHINA • 6 ♀♀; Guangdong, Huizhou City, Nankun Mountain; 23°64'N, 113°89'E; 4–6. VI. 2011; coll. Zaifu Xu, sweep net (SCAU) ; CHINA • 17 ♀♀ 24 ♂♂; Guangdong Nanling Mountain Nature Reserve; 24°45'N, 112°67'E; 16. VIII. 2007 – 10. IX. 2011 (10 ♀ 15 ♂♂); coll. Zaifu Xu ; same locality as above, except collector and date; 8. VIII. 2010 (2 ♀♀); coll. Huiting Chen; 8. VIII. 2010 (4 ♀♀ 4 ♂♂); coll. Huayan Chen; 24. VIII. 2010 (5 ♂♂); coll. Xiaoli Li; 9. VII. 2004 (1 ♀); coll. Jie Zeng; sweep net (SCAU); CHINA • 4 ♂♂; Fujian, Minqing County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=118.933334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.233334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 118.933334/lat 26.233334)">Meiyanglin Forest Park</a>; 26°14'N, 118°56'E; 13. VII. 2005; coll. Jinxian Liu; sweep net (YNAU) .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Female. Body length 10.7–16.5 mm, fore wing 7.2–11.8 mm. Body largely black, following markings creamy yellow: broad band on inner and outer orbits, apical margin of clypeus broadly, without median constriction or separation, antenna 1-4 (5), posterior margin of pronotum, a large medio-posterior transverse mark of mesoscutum, tegula (sometimes wholly, sometimes in two or three spots); paired basolateral round spots on T 2, paired basal band on T 3, paired basal transverse large spots on T 4 (sometimes connected), on T 5 in variously twice constricted band, on GT 6 in a large basal mark and on S 6 spread completely over whole (Fig. 13 A – D). Apical third of all femora, tibiae, spurs, tarsomere 1 and spines, and tarsomere 2 partly yellowish or brown, rest of tarsi pale or dark brown (Fig. 13 A). Squamiform pubescence on metanotum, postnotum and propodeum brown yellow, on Tl- 3 coppery (Fig. 13 A, D). Male. Body length 7.1–11.5 mm; fore wing 6.4–11.0 mm. In addition to spots seen in female, two lateral spots of clypeus; baso-lateral marks of T 3 (usually concealed) and a mark on T 7; hind tibia red, with obscure orange stripe on outer margin at base; apical margin beneath of coxae and a spot above of fore femur whitish yellow; apices of mid and hind femora and mid tibia on outer side slightly reddish; spur except apical part and spines pale (Fig. 14 A – D). Squamiform pubescence on Tl- 3 coppery, but on metanotum, postnotum and propodeum white, with somewhat a yellow shine (Fig. 14 A, D) (Tsuneki 1989).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China, Japan (Tsuneki, 1989; He et al. 2004).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6F0D3AF1BC195D2BA2E832E7772AB3E0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Song, Zhiyan;Dong, Lili;Ma, Li;Li, Qiang	Song, Zhiyan, Dong, Lili, Ma, Li, Li, Qiang (2025): Review and key of the Chinese species of the genus Episyron Schiødte (Hymenoptera, Pompilidae), including descriptions of two new species. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 72 (2): 133-154, DOI: 10.3897/dez.72.138061
