taxonID	type	description	language	source
303F87E53B775249179CF1E5FD56A2A1.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Shibhonia buxanthi sp. nov., here designated.	en	Carapezza, Attilio, Kment, Petr (2024): Shibhonia buxanthi, a new genus and species of dorsally punctate Mirini from the island of Socotra (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 64 (2): 355-363, DOI: 10.37520/aemnp.2024.026, URL: https://doi.org/10.37520/aemnp.2024.026
303F87E53B775249179CF1E5FD56A2A1.taxon	description	Description. Colouration. Colouration marked by contrasting bright orange and black brown parts of the body (Figs 1 – 3). Structure. Body tumid, oval, dorsally half-shiny (Figs 1, 3), 3.80 – 5.30 mm long and 1.85 – 2.00 times longer than maximum width across hemelytra. Head declivous, clypeus protruding beyond anterior margin of frons (Fig. 10); vertex carinate; frons smooth (Fig. 9); antennal insertion dorsal to ventral margin of eye; eyes touching anterior margin of pronotal collar (Fig. 10). Antennae thin and long (Figs 1 – 3); scape (segment I) thickest, obviously surpassing clypeus, pedicel (II) almost linear, longer than pronotal width and longer than combined length of segments III – IV. Labium extending to median part of metacoxae, first segment inflated. Pronotum subtrapezoid, convex, uniformly punctured behind area of callosities (Figs 6, 8 – 9); anterior margin with distinct, narrow collar almost as long medially as maximum width of second antennal segment; lateral margins rounded, deflected, posterior margin straight, slightly concave medially, humeral angles rounded; callosities prominent, rounded, medially separated from each other as well as from pronotal lateral margins. Mesoscutum not exposed, scutellum tumid, with modest basal depression, its punctation wide and shallow (Fig. 9). Hemelytra evenly punctured except on cuneus (Figs 7 – 8), widely surpassing apex of abdomen (Fig. 2), lateral margins markedly rounded; membrane and cuneus deflexed (Figs 1, 8). Tibial spines short, yellowish-brown, not arising from black spots. Metatarsi with metatarsomere III subequal to II and 1.50 times as long as I. Metathoracic scent efferent system with elongate ostiole and ear-shaped peritreme. Male genitalia: genital capsule (Fig. 13) broad, basally 1.6 times wider than medially long, genital opening with small protuberance near left paramere insertion, little protruding outwards; left paramere (Figs 15 – 17) robust, provided with secondary lobe in form of sclerotized ligulate process opposite to sensory lobe (Fig. 15: sel, snl), sensory lobe well developed, devoid of teeth but bearing several short setae, apical process modestly widening preapically, apex flattened and truncate (Fig. 15: apl); right paramere (Fig. 14) wide, relatively elongate, subcylindrical, with slightly pointed apical process (Fig. 14: apl); vesica (Figs 18 – 20) with two posterior, strongly sclerotized processes (Fig. 18: sp), both hook-shaped apically, one very long, basal, the other shorter, originating in proximity of secondary gonopore (Fig. 18: sg), apical lobes covered with small spines. Female genitalia (Figs 11 – 12): parieto-vaginal rings (Fig. 11: pvr) relatively large, elongate, margins thick, anterior and latero-inner margins globally convex, posterior margin concave, outer margin almost straight, acute; no sclerite present between rings, but small prolongation arising from each outer margin; dorsal sac wide, getting both lateral oviducts (Fig. 11: lo) and the vermiform gland (Fig. 11: vg). Posterior wall (Fig. 12) wide, with large dorsal structure (Fig. 12: ds) probably subdivided in two parts, and elongate median sclerite (= sigmoid process; Fig. 12: ms); inter-ramal sclerites (= A-structures; Fig. 12: irs) large, contiguous ventrally; inter-ramal lobes (= E-structures; (Fig. 12: irl) elongate, contiguous to median sclerite dorsally; lateral lobes (= H-structures; Fig. 12: lal) present laterally, curved. Pubescence. Dorsal surface with golden, semirecumbent, simple setae (Fig. 9).	en	Carapezza, Attilio, Kment, Petr (2024): Shibhonia buxanthi, a new genus and species of dorsally punctate Mirini from the island of Socotra (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 64 (2): 355-363, DOI: 10.37520/aemnp.2024.026, URL: https://doi.org/10.37520/aemnp.2024.026
303F87E53B775249179CF1E5FD56A2A1.taxon	diagnosis	Differential diagnosis. The following combination of characters easily separates Shibhonia gen. nov. from any other genera of Mirini: body tumid, rounded, 3.80 – 5.30 mm long, with contrasting bright orange and brown black colouration; pronotum (except area of callosities) and hemelytra (except embolium and cuneus) evenly punctured; dorsal surface with golden, semirecumbent, simple setae; head declivous, fairly projecting, clypeus visible dorsally; vertex carinate posteriorly; ocular index 1.20 – 1.35; antennae thin, almost as long as body length; first segment of labium inflated; pronotal collar narrow; hemelytra with lateral margins markedly rounded, posteriad to costal fracture declivous; tibial spines pale, short; genital capsule with small protuberance near left paramere base; left paramere with ligulate process opposite to sensory process; vesica with two strongly sclerotized processes, both hook-shaped apically; parieto-vaginal rings relatively large, elongate, margins thick, posterior wall wide, membranous with large dorsal structure and elongate median sclerite; inter-ramal sclerites large, inter-ramal lobes elongate, lateral lobes present. Among Mirini with punctured dorsal surface, a similar colouration pattern combined with an oval body occurs in some colour forms of the Palaearctic Capsus ater (Linnaeus, 1758) (Fig. 21) and Capsus wagneri (Remane, 1950), and in the Oriental Chilocrates patulus (Walker, 1873) (Fig. 22) which is a typical Himalayan element, and Koreocoris bicoloratus Cho & Kwon, 2008, from South Korea. However, all these four species differ in black tibial spines and completely different male genitalia, particularly in dissimilarly shaped vesical sclerites and the absence of secondary lobe on dorsal surface of left paramere (WAGNER 1974, ZHENG et al. 2004, YASUNAGA & SCHWARTZ 2000, CHO & KWON 2008).	en	Carapezza, Attilio, Kment, Petr (2024): Shibhonia buxanthi, a new genus and species of dorsally punctate Mirini from the island of Socotra (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 64 (2): 355-363, DOI: 10.37520/aemnp.2024.026, URL: https://doi.org/10.37520/aemnp.2024.026
303F87E53B775249179CF1E5FD56A2A1.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The generic name is derived from the name of the area where the holotype was collected, Shibhon plateau. Gender is feminine.	en	Carapezza, Attilio, Kment, Petr (2024): Shibhonia buxanthi, a new genus and species of dorsally punctate Mirini from the island of Socotra (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 64 (2): 355-363, DOI: 10.37520/aemnp.2024.026, URL: https://doi.org/10.37520/aemnp.2024.026
303F87E53B775249179CF1E5FD56A2A1.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known only from Socotra, Yemen.	en	Carapezza, Attilio, Kment, Petr (2024): Shibhonia buxanthi, a new genus and species of dorsally punctate Mirini from the island of Socotra (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 64 (2): 355-363, DOI: 10.37520/aemnp.2024.026, URL: https://doi.org/10.37520/aemnp.2024.026
303F87E53B75524C1549F605FB5DA710.taxon	description	(Figs 1 – 20)	en	Carapezza, Attilio, Kment, Petr (2024): Shibhonia buxanthi, a new genus and species of dorsally punctate Mirini from the island of Socotra (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 64 (2): 355-363, DOI: 10.37520/aemnp.2024.026, URL: https://doi.org/10.37520/aemnp.2024.026
303F87E53B75524C1549F605FB5DA710.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. Socotra, Shibhon plateau, Eserhe (12 ° 25 ′ 12 ″ N 53 ° 56 ′ 36 ″ E). Type material. HOLOTYPE: J (Fig. 1), ‘ YEMEN SOCOTRA Island / Shibhon plateau, / ESERHE 13. vi. 2012 / Croton socotranus shrubland / 12 ° 25.2 ′ N, 53 ° 56.6 ′ E, 547 m [p] // SOCOTRA expedition 2012 / J. Bezděk, J. Hájek, V. Hula, / P. Kment, I. Malenovský, / J. Niedobová & L. Purchart lgt. [p] // HOLOTYPUS / SHIBHONIA gen. nov. / BUXANTHI / sp. nov. / det. Carapezza & Kment 2024 ’ [p, red label] (NMPC). PARATYPES: SOCOTRA: Shibhon plateau, Eserhe (12 ° 25.2 ′ N 53 ° 56.6 ′ E), Croton socotranus shrubland, 547 m a. s. l., 13. vi. 2012, 5 JJ 5 ♀♀, Socotra expedition 2012: J. Bezděk, J. Hájek, V. Hula, P. Kment, I. Malenovský, J. Niedobová & L. Purchart lgt. (2 JJ 4 ♀♀ NMPC, 1 J 1 ♀ MMBC, 1 J NHMW); Wadi Ayhaft (12 ° 36 ′ 35 ″ N 53 ° 59 ′ 18 ″ E), 280 m a. s. l., 10. iv. 2008, 1 J 1 ♀, 23. i. 2014, 8 JJ 1 ♀, on Buxanthus pedicellatus Tiegh., A. Carapezza lgt. (ACPI); Zemhon area [= Aloove] (12 ° 20.58 ′ N 54 ° 06.39 ′ E), 270 – 350 m a. s. l., 16. – 17. vi. 2010, 1 J 1 ♀, V. Hula & J. Niedobová lgt. (NMPC). All the paratypes bear the following label: ‘ PARATYPUS / SHIBHONIA gen. nov. / BUXANTHI / sp. nov. / det. Carapezza & Kment 2024 ’ [p, red label]. Additional material. SOCOTRA: Shibhon plateau, Eserhe, (12 ° 25.2 ” N 53 ° 56.6 ′ E), Croton socotranus shrubland, 547 m a. s. l., 13. vi. 2012, 6 larvae (5 L 5 1 L 4) (in pure ethanol), on Buxanthus pedicellatus, Socotra expedition 2012: J. Bezděk, J. Hájek, V. Hula, P. Kment, I. Malenovský, J. Niedobová & L. Purchart lgt. (NMPC).	en	Carapezza, Attilio, Kment, Petr (2024): Shibhonia buxanthi, a new genus and species of dorsally punctate Mirini from the island of Socotra (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 64 (2): 355-363, DOI: 10.37520/aemnp.2024.026, URL: https://doi.org/10.37520/aemnp.2024.026
303F87E53B75524C1549F605FB5DA710.taxon	description	Description. Male. Colouration (Figs 1 – 2). Colouration marked by contrasting bright orange and brown black parts of body, orange colour tending to fade in preserved specimens. Head uniformly orange both dorsally and ventrally; labium pale with apical half of segment IV embrowned; scape (segment I) and pedicel (segment II) orange, pedicel apically embrowned; basiflagellum (segment III) and distiflagellum (segment IV) pale brown. Pronotum including collar and propleuron uniformly orange; meso- and metapleuron orange, often with brown-black central spot; metathoracic scent gland peritreme and evaporatorium orange; legs entirely orange; tibial spines pale brown. Scutellum and hemelytra including membrane uniformly brown black or black; abdomen either entirely orange or pregenital abdomen black with ventrites VI – VIII marginally orange and genital capsule orange. Structure. Body tumid and rounded (Figs 1 – 3), 1.85 – 2.00 times longer than maximum width across hemelytra and 2.6 times longer than basal width of pronotum. Head declivous, in dorsal view 2.5 times wider across eyes than medially long, in lateral view 1.3 times longer than high, in frontal view 1.2 times wider than high; clypeus protruding beyond anterior margin of frons (Fig. 10), preocular part equal to two fifths of total length of head; posterior margin of vertex carinate (Fig. 9); eyes moderately large, touching anterior margin of pronotal collar, occupying about two thirds of head heigth in lateral view; ocular index 1.20 – 1.25; antennal insertion in contiguity with antero-inferior margin of eye, dorsal to ventral margin of eye (Fig. 10); antennae thin and long, little shorter than body length; scape exceeding anterior margin of clypeus by two thirds of its length, pedicel very slightly incrassate from base to apex, 1.1 times longer than basal width of pronotum and 1.1 times longer than combined length of basi- and distiflagellum; basiflagellum thinner than pedicel, 1.3 times longer than distiflagellum; labium extending to metacoxae, first labiomere inflated, about twice thicker than the three distal labiomeres; length of labiomeres (mm): 0.48 - 0.46 - 0.24 - 0.42. Pronotal collar short, its length inferior to maximal width of scape, close to maximal width of pedicel. Pronotum rather convex, 1.87 times wider than medially long, evenly punctured behind callal region; lateral margins rounded, deflected, posterior margin straight in middle, laterally rounded; posterior margin of pronotum 1.72 times as wide as head across eyes. Mesoscutum not exposed. Scutellum (Fig. 9) widely and shallowly punctured, tumid, with modest basal depression, basally as wide as medially long. Hemelytra evenly punctured except on cuneus (Figs 7, 8), widely surpassing apex of abdomen, lateral margins markedly rounded, posteriad to costal fracture declivous (Figs 1, 8). Tibial spines little longer than diameter of tibia; metatarsi with metatarsomere III subequal to II and 1.5 times longer than I. Metathoracic scent efferent system with elongate ostiole and ear-shaped peritreme. Male genitalia as for the genus. Pubescence. Dorsal surface with golden, semirecumbent, simple setae (Fig. 9). Antennae and legs with short, recumbent pale setae. Female (Fig. 3). Similar to male in colouration, structure and pubescence. Body 1.80 – 1.94 times longer than maximum width across hemelytra and 2.6 times longer than basal width of pronotum, ocular index 1.30 – 1.35; in a few specimens base of scutellum orange or with small, triangular, orange spot; in one specimen whole scutellum except for the tip is orange; posterior margin of pronotum 1.87 times as wide as head across eyes. Female genitalia (Figs 11 – 12) as for the genus. Larva (4 th and 5 th instars) (Figs 4 – 5). Body oval, yellow, eyes and apex of labium black, tibiae white (Fig. 5). In last instar larvae head, thorax and apex of abdomen with variable orange markings, most intense on pronotum (Fig. 4); area around ostioles of anterior dorsal abdominal scent gland (situated between tergites III and IV) orange; distiflagellum grey. Body and appendages sparsely covered with black setae (Fig. 4). Measurements. Males (n = 8; median (minimum – maximum); mm). Body length: 4.36 (3.80 – 4.80); maximum width across hemelytra 2.31 (2.20 – 2.46); head width: 1.00 (0.93 – 1.05); minimum dorsal interocular distance: 0.38 (0.35 – 0.40); pronotum width: 1.72 (1.58 – 1.84); pronotum median length: 0.92 (0.83 – 1.05); length of antennomeres: I – 0.58 (0.56 – 0.59), II – 1.88 (1.80 – 1.93), III – 0.96 (0.90 – 1.00), IV – 0.74 (0.71 – 0.77). Females (n = 7; median (minimum – maximum); mm). Body length: 4.92 (4.06 – 5.33); maximum width across hemelytra 2.60 (2.40 – 2.93); head width: 1.04 (0.97 – 1.08); minimum dorsal interocular distance: 0.42 (0.39 – 0.45); pronotum width: 1.87 (1.74 – 2.06); pronotum median length: 1.00 (0.90 – 1.06); length of antennomeres: I – 0.58 (0.56 – 0.61), II – 1.84 (1.74 – 1.93), III – 0.98 (0.89 – 1.06), IV – 0.79 (0.72 – 0.85). Larva of instar 5 (n = 5; median (minimum – maximum); mm). Body length: 3.28 (2.94 – 3.43), maximum body width across abdominal segment IV 1.96 (1.86 – 2.06). Larva of instar 4 (n = 1; mm). Body length: 2.74, maximum body width across abdominal segment IV 1.47.	en	Carapezza, Attilio, Kment, Petr (2024): Shibhonia buxanthi, a new genus and species of dorsally punctate Mirini from the island of Socotra (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 64 (2): 355-363, DOI: 10.37520/aemnp.2024.026, URL: https://doi.org/10.37520/aemnp.2024.026
303F87E53B75524C1549F605FB5DA710.taxon	diagnosis	Differential diagnosis. As for the genus.	en	Carapezza, Attilio, Kment, Petr (2024): Shibhonia buxanthi, a new genus and species of dorsally punctate Mirini from the island of Socotra (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 64 (2): 355-363, DOI: 10.37520/aemnp.2024.026, URL: https://doi.org/10.37520/aemnp.2024.026
303F87E53B75524C1549F605FB5DA710.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet of the new species is based on its host plant, Buxanthus pedicellatus, a junior synonym of Buxus hildebrandtii; noun in genitive case standing in apposition.	en	Carapezza, Attilio, Kment, Petr (2024): Shibhonia buxanthi, a new genus and species of dorsally punctate Mirini from the island of Socotra (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 64 (2): 355-363, DOI: 10.37520/aemnp.2024.026, URL: https://doi.org/10.37520/aemnp.2024.026
303F87E53B75524C1549F605FB5DA710.taxon	biology_ecology	Host plant and habitat. Adults and larvae of the new taxon were collected by beating branches of Buxus hildebrandtii (Buxales: Buxaceae) in a woody area of the low elevation zone (Fig. 24) and in Croton socotranus shrubland in the medium elevation zone (Fig. 23) of Socotra Island. Buxus hildebrandtii is an evergreen shrub or small tree (Fig. 25), generally short, below 6 meters in height, but can grow up to 9 meters high and a trunk diameter of up to 15 cm under favorable conditions. The leaves are oval in shape, leathery and olive-green, 2 to 5 cm long and 0.5 to 2.5 cm wide. It is growing on the mountains of the island, on both limestone and granite. It is an important component of the shrubland and often the dominant shrub in large areas (MILLER & MORRIS 2004, ANONYMUS 2024). Specimens of Shibhonia buxanthi gen. & sp. nov. were collected in altitudes between 270 and 547 m a. s. l.	en	Carapezza, Attilio, Kment, Petr (2024): Shibhonia buxanthi, a new genus and species of dorsally punctate Mirini from the island of Socotra (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 64 (2): 355-363, DOI: 10.37520/aemnp.2024.026, URL: https://doi.org/10.37520/aemnp.2024.026
303F87E53B75524C1549F605FB5DA710.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Endemic to Socotra.	en	Carapezza, Attilio, Kment, Petr (2024): Shibhonia buxanthi, a new genus and species of dorsally punctate Mirini from the island of Socotra (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 64 (2): 355-363, DOI: 10.37520/aemnp.2024.026, URL: https://doi.org/10.37520/aemnp.2024.026
