identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
7F18A5B148145124A6B0EA4154F90ABB.text	7F18A5B148145124A6B0EA4154F90ABB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Orthomorpha battambangiensis Likhitrakarn 2025	<div><p>Orthomorpha battambangiensis Likhitrakarn sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 5 C, D, 9, 10, 11</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Holotype: ♂ (CUMZ -PD 0037), Cambodia, Battambang Province, Banan District, Phnom Sampov, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.09861&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.0225" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.09861/lat 13.0225)">Killing Cave</a> (locality code C 098), ca 100 m a. s. l., 13°01'21"N, 103°05'55"E, 30. 07. 2024, leg. R. Srisonchai. Paratypes: 5 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀ (CUMZ -PD 0037), same data, together with holotype . 1 ♀ (CUMZ -PD 0037), same District, Phnom Sampov, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.09667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.014722" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.09667/lat 13.014722)">Kdoang Mountain</a> (locality code C 099), ca 120 m a. s. l., 13°00'53"N, 103°05'48"E, 30. 07. 2024, leg. R. Srisonchai .</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The species epithet is an adjective formed from the type locality, Battambang Province, Cambodia.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>This new species is distinguished by its notably small body size, being the smallest known in the genus Orthomorpha, measuring 12.4–14.6 mm (♂) or 17.2–17.8 mm (♀) in length, and 1.6–1.8 mm (♂) or 2.1–2.3 mm (♀) in width at midbody. The gonopod solenophore is complex, best described as trifid, bearing a small median denticle between the long terminal lobe and a smaller subterminal lobule. Additionally, tarsal brushes are present until ♂ legs of ring 9.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Length 12.4–14.6 mm (♂), 17.2–17.8 mm (♀), width of midbody pro- and metazona 1.0–1.1 and 1.6–1.8 mm (♂) or 1.5–1.7 and 2.1–2.3 mm (♀), respectively.</p><p>Coloration of live animals dark castaneous brown (Fig. 5 C, D), with contrasting pale red or bright orange paraterga and epiproct; antennae dark brownish, venter and legs dark brown to brown; coloration of alcohol material after 10 months of preservation faded to uniformly reddish brown (Fig. 9 A – G) with contrasting light yellow paraterga and epiproct; antennae, venter and legs brown to yellowish brown.</p><p>Clypeolabral region and vertex sparsely setose, epicranial suture distinct. Antennae long (Fig. 9 B), reaching to ring 3 (♂, ♀) when stretched dorsally. In width, collum &lt;head &lt;ring 3 &lt;4 &lt;2 &lt;5 &lt;6 &lt;7–16 (Fig. 9 A, C, F), thereafter body gently and gradually tapering. Collum with three transverse rows of strong setae: 4 + 4 anterior, 2 + 2 intermediate, and 3 + 3 posterior; a small incision laterally in posterior 1 / 3; caudal corner of paraterga pointed and dentiform; paraterga declined ventrad, not drawn past rear margin.</p><p>Tegument generally smooth and shining (Fig. 9 A – F), metaterga only at places faintly rugulose, slightly more so near rear margin; prozona very finely shagreened, metazona below paraterga faintly rugulose (Fig. 9 B, D, E). Postcollum metaterga with two transverse rows of setae: 2 + 2, mostly abraded setae in anterior (pre-sulcus) row, 3 + 3 in posterior (post-sulcus) one, the latter setae borne on minute tubercles, gradually reduced in size thereafter. Tergal setae simple, rather long, about 1 / 3 metatergal length, mostly abraded. Axial line traceable both on pro- and metazona. Paraterga strongly developed (Fig. 9 A – F), lying level to or slightly above dorsum, only on rings 1–4, 18 and 19 either lying clearly below dorsum (♂) or all lying slightly below dorsum, set at about half of midbody height, subhorizontal (♀), in lateral view moderately enlarged in pore-bearing rings, thinner in poreless ones (Fig. 9 B, D, E); shoulders broadly rounded, narrowly bordered, fused to callus; caudal corner narrowly rounded to pointed, slightly drawn past rear tergal margin (Fig. 9 B, D, E). Calluses delimited by a sulcus only dorsally. Paraterga 2 broad, anterior edge convex, lateral edge with two acute denticles, one in anterior 1 / 3, the other at midway (Fig. 9 A). Each following poreless ring with two incisions, each pore-bearing one with one, often evident incision in front of ozopore. Posterior edge of paraterga oblique, especially clearly so in rings 17–19. Ozopores evident, lateral, lying in an ovoid groove at about 1 / 3 metatergal length in front of posterior edge of metaterga (Fig. 9 D, E). Transverse sulcus distinct (Fig. 9 A, C, F), slightly incomplete on ring 19, complete and clearly visible on metaterga 5–18, rather deep, reaching the bases of paraterga, line-shaped, beaded at bottom. Stricture between pro- and metazona rather wide, shallow, beaded at bottom down to base of paraterga (Fig. 9 A, C, F). Pleurosternal carinae well-developed, as complete, arcuate ridges with distinct caudal denticle on rings 2–8 (♂) (Fig. 9 B, D) or rings 2–4 (♀), as a sharp caudal tooth, the latter gradually reduced in size down to a small tooth until ring 17 (♂), or broken into an anterior bulge and a caudal tooth on rings 5–8, retained only as a small, caudal, mostly rounded tooth on rings 9–16 (♀), entirely absent thereafter.</p><p>Epiproct (Fig. 9 E – G) conical, flattened dorsoventrally, with two evident apical papillae; tip subtruncate; pre-apical papillae small, but visible, lying rather close to tip (Fig. 9 F, G). Hypoproct nearly semi-circular, 1 + 1 setiferous knobs at caudal edge well-separated and evident (Fig. 9 G).</p><p>Sterna sparsely setose, without modifications; cross-impressions shallow; with a paramedian pair of evident, anteroventrally directed, rounded prongs between ♂ coxae 4 (Fig. 9 H, I). A conspicuous ridge in front of gonopod aperture. Legs long and slender, midbody ones ca 1.3–1.5 (♂) or 1.1–1.3 times (♀) as long as body height (Fig. 9 B, F), prefemora without modifications, ♂ tarsal brushes present until leg 4.</p><p>Gonopods stout and suberect (Figs 10, 11). Coxite (cx) rather short, slightly curved caudally, rather densely setose distodorsally (Figs 10 A, B, 11 A, B). Prefemoral part (pfe) densely setose, less than half the length of acropodite (femoral + postfemoral parts) (Fig. 10 A, B). Femoral part (fe) rather stout, slightly curved and faintly enlarged distad, with a postfemoral part demarcated by an oblique lateral sulcus (Figs 10 A, B, 11 A, B). Tip of solenophore (sph) faintly bifid (Figs 10 B, C, 11 A, C, D), with a subtruncate and long terminal lobe (Figs 10, 11 A – H) and a small subterminal lobule (Figs 10 B, C, 11 A, C, D); solenomere (sl) long and flagelliform (Figs 10, 11 A, B, D – H).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7F18A5B148145124A6B0EA4154F90ABB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Likhitrakarn, Natdanai;Golovatch, Sergei I.;Thi, Sothearen;Sophea, Chhin;Lou, Vanny;Sinovas, Pablo;Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai;Pholyotha, Arthit;Siriwut, Warut;Srisonchai, Ruttapon;Panha, Somsak;Sutcharit, Chirasak	Likhitrakarn, Natdanai, Golovatch, Sergei I., Thi, Sothearen, Sophea, Chhin, Lou, Vanny, Sinovas, Pablo, Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai, Pholyotha, Arthit, Siriwut, Warut, Srisonchai, Ruttapon, Panha, Somsak, Sutcharit, Chirasak (2025): Review of the millipede genus Orthomorpha Bollman, 1893 (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae) in Cambodia, with new records and descriptions of three new species. ZooKeys 1251: 251-274, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1251.158776
E13CA9859D2C5202B2A449FD7960524B.text	E13CA9859D2C5202B2A449FD7960524B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Orthomorpha Bollman 1893	<div><p>Genus Orthomorpha Bollman, 1893</p><p>Orthomorpha coarctata (de Saussure, 1860)</p><p>Polydesmus coarctatus de Saussure, 1860: 297 (D).</p><p>Paradesmus flavocarinatus Daday, 1889: 136 (D). Synonymized by Enghoff (2005).</p><p>Orthomorpha coarctata – Pocock 1895: 809 (R, M, K); Attems 1937: 62 (D); 1953: 179 (R); Jeekel 1968: 45 (M); Likhitrakarn et al. 2011: 12 (D, R, K), Golovatch and Wesener 2016: 47 (L).</p><p>Orthomorpha coarctata gigas Attems, 1927: 63 (D). Synonymized by Jeekel (1968).</p><p>Asiomorpha coarctata – Verhoeff 1939: 117 (D); Enghoff 2005: 95, 96 (R); Nguyen and Sierwald 2013: 1236 (L); Likhitrakarn et al. 2023: 71 (R); et auctorum.</p><p>Orthomorpha coarctata gigas – Jeekel 1968: 45 (M); Golovatch 1998: 43 (K).</p><p>New material examined.</p><p>4 ♂, 13 ♀ (SMF-011), Cambodia, Battambang Province, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.199745&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.101792" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.199745/lat 13.101792)">Sangker River</a>, walls and vegetation along river, 25 m a. s. l., 13°06'6.45"N, 103°11'59.09"E, 18. 07. 2017, leg. P. Jäger .</p><p>Records from Cambodia.</p><p>Koh Kong Province, Sre Ambel (Attems 1953).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Orthomorpha coarctata (de Saussure, 1860) is a pantropical anthropochore species which is often referred to the monotypic genus Asiomorpha Verhoeff, 1939 . However, in line with the comprehensive revision of the genus Orthomorpha by Likhitrakarn et al. (2011), we retain this species within Orthomorpha . This decision follows the reasoning of Jeekel (1968), who argued that the characters separating Asiomorpha from Orthomorpha (primarily the gonopod tip which is reduced to a single, simple lobe) are insufficient to warrant a distinct generic status when considering the full range of variation within Orthomorpha sensu lato .</p><p>Since some recent checklists, including one by the part of the present authors (Likhitrakarn et al. 2023) and the global catalogue of Paradoxosomatidae (Nguyen and Sierwald 2013), have applied the generic name Asiomorpha, further studies have been using the name for consistency with these particular reference works. Further complicating this matter, the molecular analysis by Likhitrakarn et al. (2019) demonstrated that O. coarctata forms a distinct clade, genetically distant from other congeners. This pronounced genetic isolation renders the genus Orthomorpha polyphyletic, unless O. coarctata is treated within its own monotypic genus, Asiomorpha . However, the authors of that study themselves urged caution, noting that their phylogram was based on a single mitochondrial gene (COI) and should thus be regarded as provisional. To definitively resolve the phylogenetic relationships within the Orthomorphini and reveal the taxonomic status of Asiomorpha, future studies incorporating additional genetic markers are clearly warranted.</p><p>The present contribution, being a focused taxonomic review of the genus Orthomorpha in a specific region, requires a consistent generic concept. Therefore, our treatment here is based on the taxonomic framework established in the most recent revision of the genus (Likhitrakarn et al. 2011), which includes the full taxonomic history of O. coarctata .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E13CA9859D2C5202B2A449FD7960524B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Likhitrakarn, Natdanai;Golovatch, Sergei I.;Thi, Sothearen;Sophea, Chhin;Lou, Vanny;Sinovas, Pablo;Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai;Pholyotha, Arthit;Siriwut, Warut;Srisonchai, Ruttapon;Panha, Somsak;Sutcharit, Chirasak	Likhitrakarn, Natdanai, Golovatch, Sergei I., Thi, Sothearen, Sophea, Chhin, Lou, Vanny, Sinovas, Pablo, Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai, Pholyotha, Arthit, Siriwut, Warut, Srisonchai, Ruttapon, Panha, Somsak, Sutcharit, Chirasak (2025): Review of the millipede genus Orthomorpha Bollman, 1893 (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae) in Cambodia, with new records and descriptions of three new species. ZooKeys 1251: 251-274, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1251.158776
8A07A8F59A1C5AD2AEC494C95BEDF0F8.text	8A07A8F59A1C5AD2AEC494C95BEDF0F8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Orthomorpha cambodjana (Attems 1953) Likhitrakarn et al. 2015	<div><p>Orthomorpha cambodjana (Attems, 1953)</p><p>Pratinus cambodjanus Attems, 1953: 168 (D).</p><p>Orthomorpha cambodjana – Jeekel 1963: 265 (M), 1964: 361 (M, D), 1968: 56 (M); Hoffman 1977: 700 (M); Golovatch 1998: 42 (M, D); Likhitrakarn et al. 2011: 66 (D), 2014 a: 7 (D, R).</p><p>Records from Cambodia.</p><p>Kampot Province, Kampot; Sihanoukville Province, Ream; Koh Kong Province, Sre Ambel (Attems 1953). Also known from Laos (Likhitrakarn et al. 2014 a).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>This species has been redescribed relatively recently (Likhitrakarn et al. 2011), based on type material. That redescription, coupled with subsequent records, suggests a broader distribution of the species in Indochina than previously recognized (Likhitrakarn et al. 2011, 2014 a).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8A07A8F59A1C5AD2AEC494C95BEDF0F8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Likhitrakarn, Natdanai;Golovatch, Sergei I.;Thi, Sothearen;Sophea, Chhin;Lou, Vanny;Sinovas, Pablo;Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai;Pholyotha, Arthit;Siriwut, Warut;Srisonchai, Ruttapon;Panha, Somsak;Sutcharit, Chirasak	Likhitrakarn, Natdanai, Golovatch, Sergei I., Thi, Sothearen, Sophea, Chhin, Lou, Vanny, Sinovas, Pablo, Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai, Pholyotha, Arthit, Siriwut, Warut, Srisonchai, Ruttapon, Panha, Somsak, Sutcharit, Chirasak (2025): Review of the millipede genus Orthomorpha Bollman, 1893 (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae) in Cambodia, with new records and descriptions of three new species. ZooKeys 1251: 251-274, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1251.158776
219CCE656B4F51F481507E964467422A.text	219CCE656B4F51F481507E964467422A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Orthomorpha efefai Likhitrakarn 2025	<div><p>Orthomorpha efefai Likhitrakarn sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 5 A, B, 6, 7, 8</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Holotype: ♂ (CUMZ -PD 0035), Cambodia, Battambang Province, Banan District, Chheu Teal, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.10889&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.959444" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.10889/lat 12.959444)">outside Neang Romsay Sak Cave</a> (locality code C 101), ca 50 m a. s. l., 12°57'34"N, 103°06'32"E, 31. 07. 2024, leg. R. Srisonchai. Paratypes: 1 ♀ (CUMZ -PD 0035), same data, together with holotype . 1 ♂, 3 juveniles (CUMZ -PD 0036), Cambodia, Battambang Province, South-West Battambang, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.10889&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.957778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.10889/lat 12.957778)">Phnom Romsay Sak</a>, cave, 25 m a. s. l., 12°57'28"N, 103°06'32"E, 19. 07. 2017, leg. P. Jäger and S. Münnich .</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The species name ‘ efefai’ is a phonetic spelling representation of the Fauna and Flora Cambodia (formerly known by the acronym FFI). This new species is named in honour of their passionate commitment to protecting Earth’s biodiversity and acknowledges FFI Cambodia for supporting our team to explore the rich biodiversity of the country. When pronounced, ‘ efefai’ is with the ‘ e’ and ‘ a’ being silent.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>This new species seems to be particularly similar to Orthomorpha parasericata Likhitrakarn, Golovatch &amp; Panha, 2010, a species known only from Surat Thani and Phang Nga provinces in southern Thailand, in having likewise broad, contrastingly lighter-colored paraterga, coupled with a stout gonopod telopodite and a bifid solenophore. However, it clearly differs by its smaller body size (28.4–33 mm long and 4.2–4.9 mm wide in males, 32.5 mm long and 4.6 mm wide in females, vs 32–37 mm long and 4.8–5.0 mm wide in males, 34–37 mm long and 4.8–5.3 mm wide in females of O. parasericata), as well as by the shape of the solenophore apex. Additionally, tarsal brushes are present until ♂ legs of ring 9 in the new species, whereas in O. parasericata, they are present only until ♂ legs of ring 5.</p><p>Orthomorpha efefai sp. nov. can also be distinguished from the sympatric O. tergoaurantia sp. nov., with which it shares a superficially similar gonopod structure. The key differences lie in the somatic characters. The metaterga in O. efefai sp. nov. are distinctly rugulose-tuberculate, bearing two rows of setiferous cones, especially on the anterior body rings (Fig. 6 A, B). In contrast, the metaterga of O. tergoaurantia are mostly smooth and leathery, with setiferous knobs being far less pronounced (Fig. 2 A – F). The male tarsal brushes extend until the legs of ring 9 in O. efefai sp. nov., but are far more extensive in O. tergoaurantia sp. nov., persisting until the legs of ring 17. Additionally, the caudal tooth of the pleurosternal carinae is traceable until ring 16 in O. efefai sp. nov., but only until rings 7 or 8 in O. tergoaurantia sp. nov. (Fig. 2 B, D). Although broadly similar, the solenophore tip in O. efefai sp. nov. is distinctly bifid (Figs 7, 8), while in O. tergoaurantia sp. nov. it is trifid, with a small but clear middle prong (Figs 3, 4 A, C – F).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Length 28.4–31.8 mm (♂), 32.5 mm (♀), width of midbody pro- and metazona 2.6–2.7 and 4.2–4.3 mm (♂) or 3.3 and 4.6 mm (♀), respectively.</p><p>Coloration of live animals blackish (Fig. 5 A, B), with contrasting reddish pink or bright pink paraterga and epiproct, posterior halves of metaterga on rings 16–1 and antennae blackish, legs brown; coloration of alcohol material after 10 months of preservation faded to uniformly dark brown (Fig. 6 A – G) with contrasting bright pink or pale pinkish paraterga and epiproct, legs brown to light grey-brown.</p><p>Clypeolabral region and vertex sparsely setose, epicranial suture distinct. Antennae long (Fig. 5 B), extending past ring 3 (♂) or reaching to ring 3 (♀) when stretched dorsally. In width, head &lt;collum &lt;ring 3 &lt;4 &lt;2 &lt;5 &lt;6 &lt;7–15 (Fig. 6 A), thereafter body gently and gradually tapering. Collum with three transverse rows of strong setae: 3 + 3 anterior, 2 + 2 intermediate, and 3 + 3 posterior; a very faint incision laterally in posterior 1 / 3; caudal corner of paraterga pointed, dentiform, paraterga declined ventrad, not drawn past rear margin.</p><p>Tegument of metaterga shining, rugulose-tuberculate, especially so on several front metaterga; prozona very finely shagreened, metazona below paraterga faintly rugulose (Fig. 6 A – F). Metaterga 2–5 with two rows of 2 + 2 anterior and 3 + 3 setiferous cones, usually slightly smaller cones in anterior (pre-sulcus) row and more evident ones laterally in posterior row (Fig. 6 A, B); thereafter same pattern, but traceable only as insertion points in anterior row and as minute knobs gradually increasingly obliterate to become nearly absent from ring 10 onward. Tergal setae short, simple, slender, often abraded, about 1 / 4 metatergal length. Axial line traceable, especially clear on collum and following few metaterga. Paraterga very strongly developed (Fig. 6 A – F), broad, all lying below dorsum (at about 1 / 4 body height), mostly subhorizontal, slightly upturned on rings 2–5, in lateral view moderately enlarged on pore-bearing rings, thinner on poreless ones (Fig. 6 B, D, E); anterior margin well-developed, mostly nearly straight and narrowly bordered, fused to callus; caudal corner of most of paraterga very narrowly rounded, increasingly drawn past tergal margin, slightly curved mesad on rings 15–19 (Fig. 6 B, D, E). Calluses on paraterga delimited by a sulcus only dorsally. Paraterga 2 broad, lateral edge with two small, but evident incisions, one in anterior 1 / 3, the other in posterior 1 / 3. Paraterga 3 and 4 each with an evident incision in anterior 1 / 3 at lateral margin (Fig. 6 A). Lateral margins of following paraterga with two small incisions, one at midway, the other in posterior 1 / 3, the other at midway, caudal incision being smaller on pore-bearing rings (Fig. 6 A, C, F). Posterior margin of paraterga concave, especially clearly so in rings 15–19. Ozopores evident, lateral, lying in an ovoid groove at about 1 / 3 metatergal length in front of posterior edge of metaterga (Fig. 6 B, D, E). Transverse sulcus distinct (Fig. 6 A – F), slightly incomplete on ring 2, complete and clearly visible on metaterga 3–18, shallow, reaching the bases of paraterga, arcuate, faintly beaded at bottom. Stricture between pro- and metazona rather wide, deep, beaded at bottom down to base of paraterga (Fig. 6 A, C, F). Pleurosternal carinae complete crests on rings 2–4, following rings 5–7 (8) each broken into an anterior bulge and a sharp caudal tooth, the latter gradually reduced in size to a small tooth until ring 16, thereafter missing (♂, ♀) (Fig. 6 B, C, E).</p><p>Epiproct (Fig. 6 E – G) conical, flattened dorsoventrally, subtruncate, with two evident apical papillae directed ventrocaudally (Fig. 6 E, G); pre-apical papillae small, but evident, lying close to tip. Hypoproct subtrapeziform (Fig. 6 G), 1 + 1 small setiferous knobs at caudal edge well-separated and evident.</p><p>Sterna sparsely setose, without modifications; cross-impressions rather deep; a paramedian pair of evident, fully separated, setose cones between ♂ coxae 4 (Fig. 6 H, I). A conspicuous ridge in front of gonopod aperture. Legs moderately long and slender, midbody ones ca 1.0–1.2 (♂) (Fig. 5 B) or 0.9–1.1 times (♀) as long as body height, prefemora without modifications, ♂ tarsal brushes present until leg 9.</p><p>Gonopods simple and suberect (Figs 7, 8). Coxite (cx) long and slender, slightly curved caudally, rather densely setose distodorsally (Figs 7 B, C, 8 A, B). Prefemoral part (pfe) densely setose, as usual, less than half the length of acropodite (femoral + postfemoral parts) (Fig. 7 B, C). Femoral part (fe) slender, slightly curved and slightly enlarged distad, with a postfemoral part demarcated by an oblique lateral sulcus (Figs 7 A, B, 8 B, E). Solenophore (sph) with an evidently bifid tip, with a subterminal lobule (Figs 7, 8 A – E) and a spiniform apical lobule (Figs 7, 8 A – F); solenomere (sl) long and flagelliform (Figs 7 A, B, 8 A, C, E).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/219CCE656B4F51F481507E964467422A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Likhitrakarn, Natdanai;Golovatch, Sergei I.;Thi, Sothearen;Sophea, Chhin;Lou, Vanny;Sinovas, Pablo;Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai;Pholyotha, Arthit;Siriwut, Warut;Srisonchai, Ruttapon;Panha, Somsak;Sutcharit, Chirasak	Likhitrakarn, Natdanai, Golovatch, Sergei I., Thi, Sothearen, Sophea, Chhin, Lou, Vanny, Sinovas, Pablo, Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai, Pholyotha, Arthit, Siriwut, Warut, Srisonchai, Ruttapon, Panha, Somsak, Sutcharit, Chirasak (2025): Review of the millipede genus Orthomorpha Bollman, 1893 (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae) in Cambodia, with new records and descriptions of three new species. ZooKeys 1251: 251-274, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1251.158776
3C0337D2D4175D45BA5DF98B095F238E.text	3C0337D2D4175D45BA5DF98B095F238E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Orthomorpha hydrobiologica Attems 1930	<div><p>Orthomorpha hydrobiologica Attems, 1930</p><p>Orthomorpha hydrobiologica Attems, 1930: 120 (D).</p><p>Orthomorpha hydrobiologica – Attems 1937: 63 (D); 1938: 215 (R); Jeekel 1963: 265 (M); 1964: 361 (M, D); 1968: 45 (M); Hoffman 1973: 362 (M); 1977: 700 (M); Golovatch 1998: 42 (M); Enghoff et al. 2004: 38 (R); Likhitrakarn et al. 2011: 53 (D); 2015: 181 (R); Likhitrakarn et al. 2019: 127 (L); Nguyen et al. 2025: 48 (L).</p><p>Oxidus hydrobiologicus – Chamberlin 1945: 10 (R).</p><p>Records from Cambodia.</p><p>Sihanoukville Province, Ream; Kampot Province, Phnom Bokor (Attems 1938). Also known from Indonesia (Attems 1930; Chamberlin 1945) and Vietnam (Attems 1938; Enghoff et al. 2004; Likhitrakarn et al. 2019).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>This species has been redescribed relatively recently, based on type material (Likhitrakarn et al. 2011). It demonstrates a broad coastal distribution pattern along the South China Sea, ranging from northern Vietnam to southern Cambodia, with its extensive presence presumably due to human-mediated dispersal (Likhitrakarn et al. 2019).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3C0337D2D4175D45BA5DF98B095F238E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Likhitrakarn, Natdanai;Golovatch, Sergei I.;Thi, Sothearen;Sophea, Chhin;Lou, Vanny;Sinovas, Pablo;Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai;Pholyotha, Arthit;Siriwut, Warut;Srisonchai, Ruttapon;Panha, Somsak;Sutcharit, Chirasak	Likhitrakarn, Natdanai, Golovatch, Sergei I., Thi, Sothearen, Sophea, Chhin, Lou, Vanny, Sinovas, Pablo, Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai, Pholyotha, Arthit, Siriwut, Warut, Srisonchai, Ruttapon, Panha, Somsak, Sutcharit, Chirasak (2025): Review of the millipede genus Orthomorpha Bollman, 1893 (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae) in Cambodia, with new records and descriptions of three new species. ZooKeys 1251: 251-274, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1251.158776
DFFD7DF8871059E8973788FFE7523BEA.text	DFFD7DF8871059E8973788FFE7523BEA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Orthomorpha tergoaurantia Likhitrakarn 2025	<div><p>Orthomorpha tergoaurantia Likhitrakarn sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 1, 2, 3, 4</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Holotype: ♂ (CUMZ -PD 0031), Cambodia, Kampot Province, Banteay Meas District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.52251&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.697223" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.52251/lat 10.697223)">Prasat Phnom Totong Temple</a> (locality code C 042), ca 50 m a. s. l., 10°41'50"N, 104°31'21"E, 15. 09. 2019, leg. R. Srisonchai. Paratypes: 2 ♀♀ (CUMZ -PD 0031), same data, together with holotype . 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (CUMZ -PD 0032), Cambodia, Kampot Province, Tuek Chhou District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.267784&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.643055" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.267784/lat 10.643055)">Phnom Chhngok Cave Temple</a> (locality code C 046), ca 60 m a. s. l., 10°38'35"N, 104°16'04"E, 16. 09. 2019, leg. R. Srisonchai ; 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀ (CUMZ -PD 0033), Cambodia, Kampong Speu Province, Samraong Tong District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.50972&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=11.386666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.50972/lat 11.386666)">Khum Skuh</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.50972&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=11.386666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.50972/lat 11.386666)">Phnom Cheal Pagoda</a> (locality code C 031), ca 210 m a. s. l., 11°23'12"N, 104°30'35"E, 13. 09. 2019, leg. R. Srisonchai ; 3 ♂♂ (CUMZ -PD 034), Cambodia, Kampot Province, Krong Kampot District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.22328&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.611444" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.22328/lat 10.611444)">side of Road no. 33, beside the Preaek Tuek Chhu River</a> (locality code C 049), ca 5 m a. s. l., 10°36'41.2"N, 104°13'23.8"E, 16. 09. 2019, leg. R. Srisonchai .</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The species name ‘ tergoaurantia’ is derived from the Latin words ‘ tergum’, meaning ‘ back’, and ‘ aurantium’, meaning ‘ orange’. This name emphasizes the distinctive dark or bright orange coloration of the paraterga, which is a prominent characteristic distinguishing it from other Cambodian congeners.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>This new species seems to be particularly similar to Orthomorpha cambodjana (Attems, 1953) in gonopod conformation, sharing a very slender and suberect gonopodal telopodite. However, it clearly differs by its larger body size (35.4–39.4 mm long and 4.1–4.9 mm wide in ♂, 35.4–39.4 mm long and 4.2–4.3 mm wide in ♀, vs 17–30 mm long and 2.0– 3.1 mm wide in ♂, 19–29 mm long and 2.0– 3.4 mm wide in ♀ of O. cambodjana) and by the shape of the solenophore apex. The caudal denticle on the pleurosternal carinae is traceable until body rings 7 or 8 in the new species (vs rings 16 or 17 in O. cambodjana). Additionally, tarsal brushes are present until ♂ legs of ring 17 in the new species, vs only until ♂ legs 7 of O. cambodjana .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Length 31.2–37.3 mm (♂), 35.4–39.4 mm (♀), width of midbody pro- and metazona 2.5–3.2 and 4.1–4.9 mm (♂) or 3.2–3.9 and 4.7–5.7 mm (♀), respectively.</p><p>Coloration of live animals dark brown to blackish (Fig. 1), with contrasting dark orange to bright orange or yellowish paraterga and epiproct; antennae black; venter and legs brown to blackish; coloration of alcohol material after six years of preservation faded to dark castaneous brown, paraterga, venter, epiproct, and several basal podomeres more flavous, pale pinkish, brownish or pale yellow (Fig. 2 A – G).</p><p>Clypeolabral region and vertex sparsely setose, epicranial suture distinct. Antennae long (Fig. 2 B), reaching or extending past ring 3 (♂) or reaching to ring 3 (♀) when stretched dorsally. In width, head &lt;collum &lt;ring 3 &lt;4 &lt;2 &lt;5 &lt;6 &lt;7–16 (Fig. 2 A), thereafter body gently and gradually tapering. Collum with three transverse rows of strong setae: 4 + 4 anterior, 2 + 2 intermediate, and 4 + 4 posterior; a small incision laterally in posterior 1 / 3; caudal corner of paraterga pointed, dentiform, paraterga declined ventrad, not drawn past rear margin (Fig. 2 A, B).</p><p>Tegument smooth and shining, prozona finely shagreened, metaterga smooth and leathery, posterior halves often rugulose, surface below paraterga microgranulate (Fig. 2 A – F). Postcollum metaterga with two transverse rows of rather long setae: 2 + 2 in anterior and 3 + 3 in posterior row (Fig. 2 A, C, F), the latter also borne on wrinkles and often abraded, but then readily traceable as insertion points. Tergal setae long, strong, slender, about 1 / 3 metatergal length (Fig. 2 A, D – F). Axial line visible both on pro- and metazona. Paraterga very strongly developed (Fig. 2 A – F), set high (at ca 1 / 4 metazonal height), upturned in ♂, lying below dorsum on rings 2–5 and 17–19, above dorsum on rings 6–16, in ♀ mostly below dorsum, rather thin in lateral view, a little thicker on pore-bearing rings (Fig. 2 B, D, E); anterior margin well-developed, mostly regularly rounded and narrowly bordered, fused to callus; caudal corner narrowly rounded, on postcollum rings extending increasingly past rear tergal margin, better so in ♂, nearly pointed to pointed, caudal tip on paraterga 16–19 evidently curved mesad (Fig. 2 E, F). Posterior margin of paraterga clearly concave, especially so in rings 15–19. Calluses on paraterga delimited by a sulcus only dorsally. Paraterga 2 broad, lateral margin with three small incisions, the one near caudal corner being particularly small (Fig. 2 A). Paraterga 3 and 4 with two small incisions at lateral margin, one at midway, the other at posterior 1 / 3; anterior incision particularly evident. Lateral margins of following paraterga often with a setigerous incision in anterior 1 / 3, being smaller on pore-bearing rings (Fig. 2 C). Ozopores evident, lateral, lying in an ovoid groove at about 1 / 3 metatergal length in front of posterior margin of metaterga (Fig. 2 B, D, E). Transverse sulcus usually distinct (Fig. 2 A, C, F), slightly incomplete on ring 4, complete and clearly visible on metaterga 5–18, narrow, rather deep, reaching the bases of paraterga, arcuate, beaded at bottom. Stricture between pro- and metazona narrow, deep, beaded at bottom down to base of paraterga (Fig. 2 A, C, F). Pleurosternal carinae complete crests on rings 2 and 3, a sharp caudal tooth on ring 4, the tooth gradually reduced into small, caudally roughly granulate crests until ring 7 (8), thereafter missing (♂, ♀) (Fig. 2 B, D).</p><p>Epiproct (Fig. 2 E – G) conical, flattened dorsoventrally, subtruncate, with two evident apical papillae directed ventrocaudally (Fig. 2 E, G); pre-apical papillae small, but evident, lying close to tip. Hypoproct subtriangular (Fig. 2 G), 1 + 1 setiferous knobs at caudal edge well-separated and evident.</p><p>Sterna sparsely setose, without modifications; cross-impressions rather deep; a paramedian pair of evident, rounded, fully separated, setose cones between ♂ coxae 4 (Fig. 2 H, I). A conspicuous ridge in front of gonopod aperture. Legs long and slender, midbody ones ca 1.3–1.5 (♂) (Fig. 2 B, F, G) or 1.1–1.3 times (♀) as long as body height, prefemora without modifications, ♂ tarsal brushes present until legs of ring 17.</p><p>Gonopods long, slender and suberect (Figs 3, 4). Coxite long and slender, slightly curved caudally, rather densely setose distodorsally (Figs 3 B, C, 4 A, B). Prefemoral part (pfe) densely setose, as usual, about 1 / 3 as long as acropodite (femoral + postfemoral parts) (Fig. 3 B, C). Femoral part (fe) long and slender, slightly curved and suberect distad, with a postfemoral part demarcated by an oblique lateral sulcus (Figs 3 B, 4 B). Solenophore (sph) trifid, its terminal lobule longest, middle prong spiniform and shorter than subterminal lobule (Figs 3, 4 A, C – F); solenomere (sl) long and flagelliform.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DFFD7DF8871059E8973788FFE7523BEA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Likhitrakarn, Natdanai;Golovatch, Sergei I.;Thi, Sothearen;Sophea, Chhin;Lou, Vanny;Sinovas, Pablo;Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai;Pholyotha, Arthit;Siriwut, Warut;Srisonchai, Ruttapon;Panha, Somsak;Sutcharit, Chirasak	Likhitrakarn, Natdanai, Golovatch, Sergei I., Thi, Sothearen, Sophea, Chhin, Lou, Vanny, Sinovas, Pablo, Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai, Pholyotha, Arthit, Siriwut, Warut, Srisonchai, Ruttapon, Panha, Somsak, Sutcharit, Chirasak (2025): Review of the millipede genus Orthomorpha Bollman, 1893 (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae) in Cambodia, with new records and descriptions of three new species. ZooKeys 1251: 251-274, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1251.158776
