identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
392BD57C474CEC33FD21913BF129A943.text	392BD57C474CEC33FD21913BF129A943.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tapinoma onaele Shakur & Mangaly & Baidya & Bagchi 2024	<div><p>Tapinoma onaele sp. nov.</p><p>http://zoobank.org/ BADE3C04-17E4-43E7- BC59-2471F49B7EB6</p><p>Fig. 1</p><p>Type Material:</p><p>Holotype worker - India: Karnataka, Kodagu district, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=75.814095&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.181754" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 75.814095/lat 12.181754)">Virajpet</a>, 12.181754°N, 75.814091°E (± 10 m), 917 m alt., leaf litter extraction, 02.ii.2021, Mohammad Abdus Shakur Leg. (IISc).</p><p>Paratypes: 2 workers; India: Karnataka, Bengaluru urban district, IISc <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.56764&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.019865" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.56764/lat 13.019865)">Bangalore</a>, 13.019865°N, 77.567646°E (± 30 m), 939 m alt., Hand collection, 23.i.2023 &amp; 24.i.2023 ;   12 workers; India: Karnataka, Bengaluru urban district, IISc <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.56764&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.019865" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.56764/lat 13.019865)">Bangalore</a>, 13.019865°N, 77.567646°E (± 30 m), 939 m alt., Hand collection, 10.ii.2024 &amp; 11.ii.2024, Mohammad Abdus Shakur Leg.   1 worker; India: Karnataka, Dakshina Kannada district, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=75.20501&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.760601" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 75.20501/lat 12.760601)">Puttur</a>, 12.760601°N, 75.2050073°E (± 30 m), 115 m alt., Hand collection, 09.xii.2023 ;   1 worker; India: Kerala, Palakkad district, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=76.6527&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.782537" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 76.6527/lat 10.782537)">Palakkad</a>, 10.782537°N, 76.652701°E (± 30 m), 120 m alt., Hand collection, 24.ii.2024,  Paul Mangaly Leg. (IISc, GKVK)  .</p><p>Measurements (n = 17 workers; holotype measurements in parenthesis) - LES:0.03 – 0.05 (0.04); EL: 0.13 – 0.15 (0.14); EW: 0.07 – 0.09 (0.08); ES: 0.19 – 0.24 (0.20); HW: 0.43 – 0.49 (0.45); HL: 0.58 – 0.63 (0.59); OOD: 0.25 – 0.30 (0.25); OCD: 0.06 – 0.09 (0.07); CL: 0.10 – 0.13 (0.12); SL: 0.59 – 0.65 (0.63); PnL: 0.25 – 0.3 (0.28); ML: 0.22 – 0.28 (0.26); PpL: 0.12 – 0.14 (0.12); PdL: 0.24 (0.24); CI: 0.70 – 0.81 (0.76); OI: 0.54 – 0.61 (0.6); SI: 1.27 – 1.39 (1.4); PDI: 0.51 – 0.58 (0.51).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Head: Head longer than broad by 1.3 times, posterior margin convex, slightly narrow than anterior, sides almost parallel, posterolateral corners rounded, vertex convex. Eyes relatively large, longer than wide, placed just below the midline of head. Antennae 12 segmented, scape long, surpassing posterior margin of head by at least 1/3 of its length. Frontal carinae present. Anteromedial clypeal margin concave, posterior clypeal margin concave between the anterior margin of antennal socket cavities. Masticatory margin of mandibles with 9 – 10 teeth and denticles, size gradually decreasing from apical to basal tooth, 3 rd tooth smaller than 4 th tooth.</p><p>Mesosoma: Mesonotal and metanotal groove distinct, dorsum of pronotum and mesonotum even, propodeum bulges distinctly above mesonotum; dorsal surface of propodeum slightly convex, dorsal face shorter than declivitous face, propodeal angle with a distinct ridge or carina, with high acute angle; metanotal spiracle placed on the dorsolateral margin in lateral view; propodeal spiracles present laterally and posteriorly near the declivitous face.</p><p>Petiole and Gaster: Petiolar scale small, inclined anteriorly. Gaster overhanging petiole.</p><p>Color, Sculpture, and Pilosity: Whole body brownish, head and gaster darker than mesosoma, almost black, petiole and legs lighter than mesosoma with a hint of yellow. Whole body with finely coriaceous sculpture. Anterior clypeal margin with setae, medial pair longer and lateral setae short; mandibles with faint striations and numerous long suberect setae; 1 st gastral tergite covered in short appressed setae, lacking erect setae; remaining gaster tergites with setae present; head and antennal scapes covered in sparse short appressed setae.</p><p>Variation in workers: Posterolateral corners of the head of some paratype workers are angulated, unlike other workers with rounded posterolateral corners. The propodeum appears to be swollen in profile in a few paratype workers.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The specific epithet  “ onaele ” refers to leaf litter in the Kannada language of the type localities, reflecting the nesting habitat of this species. This term is used to draw attention to the importance of maintaining the leaf litter in the coffee plantations, a crucial microhabitat in sustaining the local myrmecofauna (Shakur 2021).</p><p>Differential diagnosis. This new species belongs to the  Tapinoma lugubre species group.  Tapinoma onaele sp. nov. can be distinguished from  T. himalaicum and other species in this group by (1) Larger body size and longer scapes (SI&gt;1.3) ( T. himalaicum has shorter scapes, SI – 1.2); (2) dorsal surface of propodeum is convex and rises above the mesonotum (does not rise and is in line in  T. himalaicum &amp;  T. wilsoni; rises above mesonotum but is flat in  T. lugubre); (3) darker and brownish body ( T. himalaicum has a lighter body); (4) gaster darker than rest of the body (black) ( T. himalaicum has gaster concolorous with the rest of the body); (5) antennal scapes concolorous with head ( T. himalaicum has scapes lighter than head); (6) Propodeum is longer (PpL ≥ 0.12 mm) and propodeal declivity index is larger (PDI&gt; 0.5) (Propodeum in  T. himalaicum is smaller (PpL ≤ 0.1mm) and propodeal declivity index is small (PDI ≤ 0.4)).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/392BD57C474CEC33FD21913BF129A943	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Shakur, Mohammad Abdus;Mangaly, Paul;Baidya, Pronoy;Bagchi, Sumanta	Shakur, Mohammad Abdus, Mangaly, Paul, Baidya, Pronoy, Bagchi, Sumanta (2024): A new species of the genusTapinoma Foerster, 1850 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from the Western Ghats, India. Asian Myrmecology (e 017005) 17: 1-6, DOI: 10.20362/am.017005, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.20362/am.017005
392BD57C4749EC33FF35941AF2A9AD63.text	392BD57C4749EC33FF35941AF2A9AD63.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tapinoma Foerster 1850	<div><p>Key to the  Tapinoma lugubre species group workers, modified from Bharti et al. (2013).</p><p>1. Anteromedial clypeal margin with a wide shallow medial concavity .................................... .................................  T. lugubre Santschi (Africa)</p><p>Anteromedial clypeal margin more deeply concave ............................................................ 2</p><p>2. Head relatively wide and short (CI 0.82). Scape relatively short, surpassing the posterior margin of head about 1/4 of its length (SI 0.88) .................. ..............  T. wilsoni Sharaf &amp; Aldawood (Arabian Peninsula)</p><p>Head narrower and longer (CI &lt;0.8). Scape very long, surpassing the posterior margin of head more than 1/3 of its length (SI&gt; 1) ........................... 3</p><p>3. Dorsal surface of propodeum is flat and in line with mesonotum. Scapes lighter in color than head. Scapes relatively smaller: Scape index &lt;1.2. Propodeal declivity index is ≤ 0.4. Body brownish yellow, concolorous with gaster .......................... .........  T. himalaicum Bharti et al., 2013 (Western Himalaya, India)</p><p>Dorsal surface of propodeum is convex and rises above the mesonotum. Scapes concolorous with head. Scapes relatively longer: Scape index&gt; 1.3. Propodeal declivity index is&gt; 0.5. Body darker brown, gaster darker (blackish) ........................... ............  T. onaele sp. nov. (Western Ghats, India)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/392BD57C4749EC33FF35941AF2A9AD63	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Shakur, Mohammad Abdus;Mangaly, Paul;Baidya, Pronoy;Bagchi, Sumanta	Shakur, Mohammad Abdus, Mangaly, Paul, Baidya, Pronoy, Bagchi, Sumanta (2024): A new species of the genusTapinoma Foerster, 1850 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from the Western Ghats, India. Asian Myrmecology (e 017005) 17: 1-6, DOI: 10.20362/am.017005, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.20362/am.017005
