identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
3696043B86B658CB8967FCFC7931D550.text	3696043B86B658CB8967FCFC7931D550.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Melanographium citri (Gonz. Frag. & Cif.) M. B. Ellis	<div><p>Melanographium citri (Gonz. Frag. &amp; Cif.) M. B. Ellis, Mycological Papers 93: 21 (1963)</p><p>Fig. 2</p><p>Description.</p><p>Saprobic on a dry palm branch. Sexual morph: Ascomata 440–680 µm wide, 470–540 µm high, immersed, solitary or gregarious, appearing as small black spot, in cross-section globose to subglobose with a flattened base. Ostioles centric, slightly papillate, black, slightly higher than the surface of the host. Peridium 12–27.4 µm thick, comprised of two layers; outer layer composed of thick-walled, dark-brown, cells of textura angularis; inner layer composed of thin-walled, hyaline, cells of textura angularis. Paraphyses 2–5 µm (x ̄ = 3 µm, n = 30) wide, longer than the asci, numerous, filamentous, guttulate. Asci 185–260 × 15–35 µm (x ̄ = 216 × 23 µm, n = 30) 8 - spored, unitunicate, clavate-cylindrical, short-pedicellate, apically rounded, with non-amyloid apical apparatus. Ascospores 20–27.5 × 8.5–11.5 µm (x ̄ = 25 × 10 µm, n = 30), overlapping unicellular, fusiform with rounded ends, dark brown, covered with a thick mucilaginous sheath measuring 4–14.5 µm (x ̄ = 8.0 µm, n = 30), with a straight germ slit on the centre, ca. 1 / 4 of the length of the spore. Asexual morph: not found.</p><p>Culture characteristics.</p><p>Ascospores germinated on PDA within 24 hours. Colonies reaching 55 mm diam., after 4 weeks at 24–27 ° C on PDA. Colony surface white towards edges, dirty brown at centre, with densely mycelium, cottony, circular, velvety, smooth-edged, centre raised; reverse pale brown.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>China • Yunnan Province, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.52512&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.085281" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.52512/lat 24.085281)">Ailaoshan National Nature Reserve</a> (24°5'7.01"N, 101°31'30.44"E), altitude: 1169 m, on a dead palm branch, 15 September 2024, Changtao Lu, 2024 ALS 45 (GMB 4902; GMBC 4902) ; China • Yunnan Province, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.529236&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.091154" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.529236/lat 24.091154)">Ailaoshan National Nature Reserve</a> (24°5'28.15"N, 101°31'45.23"E), altitude: 1172 m, on a dry palm branch, 16 September 2024, Changtao Lu, 2024 ALS 267 (GMB 4951, GMBC 4951) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Our collections (GMB 4902 and GMB 4951) clustered with M. citri with strong support (100 BS / 1.00 PP) (Fig. 1). Melanographium citri has previously been known only from the asexual state (Ellis 1963; Zhang et al. 2024), whereas our collections represent solely the sexual state, which precludes direct morphological comparison. Molecular comparison between our collections (GMB 4902, GMB 4951) and the reference specimen of M. citri (HKAS 115665, Zhang et al. (2024)) revealed minimal differences, 1.1 % (6 / 536 bp) in ITS, 0.4 % (4 / 853 bp) in LSU, 0.3 % (3 / 1009 bp) in rpb 2 and 0.2 % (2 / 934 bp) in tef- 1 α. Given the high sequence similarity (&gt; 99 % in both rpb 2 and tef 1 - α), along with prior documentation of this species from south-western China (Zhang et al. 2024), we identify our collections as Melanographium citri . Ecologically, M. citri has so far been reported exclusively from palm substrates ( Arecaceae), including decaying petioles of Trachycarpus fortunei and the wood or bark of Cocos, Elaeis, Phoenix, Sabal and Trachycarpus spp. (Ellis 1963; Zhang et al. 2024), whereas our specimens were isolated from decaying bamboo culms ( Poaceae), representing a novel substrate record. The ecological difference in host substrate suggests expansion of the known ecological range of this species.</p><p>With this report, we present the first documentation of the sexual state in Melanographium, characterised by globose to subglobose ascomata, eight-spored, clavate to cylindrical, non-amyloid asci and fusiform, dark brown ascospores with rounded ends, a short germ slit and a mucilaginous sheath. Phylogenetically, Melanographium species forms a distinct clade at the basal of Pallidoperidiaceae . It differs from other genera in Pallidoperidiaceae (Sugita et al. 2024; Habib et al. 2025) by its fusiform ascospores with a short germ slit at the centre and relatively wider asci with non-amyloid apical apparatus. Amphigermslita species possess amyloid, wedge-shaped apical apparatuses and ellipsoid to fusoid ascospores with short germ slits at both ends (Sugita et al. 2024; Habib et al. 2025). Crassipseudostroma is distinguished by fusiform to ellipsoid ascospores with mucilaginous pads and a full-length germ slit. Minuticlypeus and Nigropunctata have cylindrical asci with amyloid apical apparatuses and ellipsoid to oblong ascospores with germ slits extending the full length of the spore (Sugita et al. 2024).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3696043B86B658CB8967FCFC7931D550	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Lu, Chang-Tao;Ren, Yu-Lin;Habib, Kamran;Zhang, Qin-Fang;Liu, Li-Li;Kang, Ji-Chuan;Shen, Xiang-Chun;Wijayawardene, Nalin N.;Al-Rejaie, Salim S.;Loinheuang, Chanhom;Li, Qi-Rui;Long, Qing-De;Elgorban, Abdallah M.	Lu, Chang-Tao, Ren, Yu-Lin, Habib, Kamran, Zhang, Qin-Fang, Liu, Li-Li, Kang, Ji-Chuan, Shen, Xiang-Chun, Wijayawardene, Nalin N., Al-Rejaie, Salim S., Loinheuang, Chanhom, Li, Qi-Rui, Long, Qing-De, Elgorban, Abdallah M. (2025): Two new species of Nigropunctata and the first report of sexual morph of Melanographium citri (Pallidoperidiaceae, Xylariales) from south-western China. MycoKeys 122: 257-275, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.122.161215
34924B4BB6225246B9E94A5BD319D90E.text	34924B4BB6225246B9E94A5BD319D90E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Melanographium Sacc. 1913	<div><p>Melanographium Sacc., Annls mycol. 11 (6): 557 (1913) emend.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Sexual morph: Ascomata immersed, globose to subglobose, ostiolate. Peridium bilayered, outer dark brown, inner hyaline, cell textura angularis. Paraphyses filamentous, guttulate. Asci 8 - spored, unitunicate, clavate-cylindrical, short-pedicellate, apical apparatus inamyloid. Ascospores unicellular, fusiform with rounded ends, dark brown, surrounded by a distinct mucilaginous sheath, germ slit centre, ca. 1 / 4 of the length of the ascospore. Asexual morph: Conidiophore dark, unbranched, emerging from immersed stromata, macronematous, mononematous, conidiogenous cells polyblastic with sympodial proliferation. Conidia pigmented, 1 - celled, often reniform.</p><p>Type species.</p><p>Melanographium selenioides (Sacc. &amp; Paol.) M. B. Ellis = M. spleniosporum Sacc.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/34924B4BB6225246B9E94A5BD319D90E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Lu, Chang-Tao;Ren, Yu-Lin;Habib, Kamran;Zhang, Qin-Fang;Liu, Li-Li;Kang, Ji-Chuan;Shen, Xiang-Chun;Wijayawardene, Nalin N.;Al-Rejaie, Salim S.;Loinheuang, Chanhom;Li, Qi-Rui;Long, Qing-De;Elgorban, Abdallah M.	Lu, Chang-Tao, Ren, Yu-Lin, Habib, Kamran, Zhang, Qin-Fang, Liu, Li-Li, Kang, Ji-Chuan, Shen, Xiang-Chun, Wijayawardene, Nalin N., Al-Rejaie, Salim S., Loinheuang, Chanhom, Li, Qi-Rui, Long, Qing-De, Elgorban, Abdallah M. (2025): Two new species of Nigropunctata and the first report of sexual morph of Melanographium citri (Pallidoperidiaceae, Xylariales) from south-western China. MycoKeys 122: 257-275, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.122.161215
8587E8351B66576CB76EA2768E39C003.text	8587E8351B66576CB76EA2768E39C003.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nigropunctata puerzhenensis C. T. Lu, K. Habib & Q. R. Li 2025	<div><p>Nigropunctata puerzhenensis C. T. Lu, K. Habib &amp; Q. R. Li sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 3</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific epithet “ puerzhenensis ” refers to Puer Village, where the holotype specimen was collected.</p><p>Type.</p><p>China • Yunnan Province, Zhaotong City, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.991264&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.293144" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.991264/lat 28.293144)">Puer Town</a> (28°17'35.32"N, 103°59'28.57"E), altitude: 1154 m, on dead culms of bamboo, 21 August 2024, Changtao Lu, 2024 PEZ 5 (GMB 4904, holotype, no culture was obtained) ; ibid KUN-HKAS 146984, isotype .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Saprobic on dead culms of bamboo. Sexual morph: Ascomata 870–1230 µm wide, 760–910 µm high, immersed, solitary, scattered, appearing as small black dots, with minute clypeus, in cross-section globose to subglobose with a flattened base. Ostioles centric, slightly papillate, black, flush with the surface of the host. Peridium 15–36.5 µm thick, comprised of two layers; outer layer composed of thick-walled, dense, dark brown, cells of textura angularis; inner layer hyaline cells of textura angularis. Paraphyses 2–6 µm (x ̄ = 4 µm, n = 30) wide, longer than the asci, numerous, filamentous, guttulate. Asci 159–233 × 10–26 µm (x ̄ = 190 × 17.5 µm, n = 30) 8 - spored, unitunicate, cylindrical, short-pedicellate, apically rounded, with a J +, discoid apical apparatus, 0.5–1.7 µm high, 2.5–4.5 µm wide (x ̄ = 1.0 × 3.5 µm, n = 30). Ascospores 13–20 × 5.6–7.5 µm (x ̄ = 16 × 6.5 µm, n = 30), uniseriate, unicellular, brown to dark brown, oblong to broadly ellipsoidal, with a germ slit, straight, along the entire spore length, surrounded by thick 2–6 µm (x ̄ = 3 µm, n = 30) mucilaginous sheath. Asexual morph: Undetermined.</p><p>Paratype.</p><p>China • Yunnan Province, Zhaotong City, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.99648&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.299103" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.99648/lat 28.299103)">Puer Town</a> (28°17'56.77"N, 103°59'47.34"E), altitude: 1168 m, on dead culms of bamboo, 21 August 2024, Changtao Lu, 2024 PEZ 11 (GMB 4953, paratype) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Morphologically and phylogenetically, Nigropunctata puerzhenensis is closely related to N. nigrocircularis . Both species share an amyloid ascus apical apparatus and ascospores surrounded by a thick mucilaginous sheath. However, N. nigrocircularis differs from N. puerzhenensis by having smaller ascomata (450–535 × 455–560 μm vs. 870–1230 × 760–910 μm), a thinner peridium (11–20 μm vs. 15–36.5 μm thick) and shorter asci (125–170 μm vs. 159–233 μm in length) (Samarakoon et al. 2022). Comparative analysis of nucleotide base pairs showed that N. puerzhenensis differs from N. nigrocircularis (MFLU 19-2130) by 3.2 % (11 / 342) in the ITS locus, 1.4 % (13 / 928) in the LSU locus, 1.4 % (12 / 889) in the tef- 1 a gene and 1.0 % (4 / 422) in the tub 2 gene. Nigropunctata puerzhenensis can be distinguished from all currently known species in the genus (Habib et al. 2025) by its larger asci. Comparison with other species of the genus is presented in Table 2.</p><p>Notes: “ N/A ”: indicates not available.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8587E8351B66576CB76EA2768E39C003	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Lu, Chang-Tao;Ren, Yu-Lin;Habib, Kamran;Zhang, Qin-Fang;Liu, Li-Li;Kang, Ji-Chuan;Shen, Xiang-Chun;Wijayawardene, Nalin N.;Al-Rejaie, Salim S.;Loinheuang, Chanhom;Li, Qi-Rui;Long, Qing-De;Elgorban, Abdallah M.	Lu, Chang-Tao, Ren, Yu-Lin, Habib, Kamran, Zhang, Qin-Fang, Liu, Li-Li, Kang, Ji-Chuan, Shen, Xiang-Chun, Wijayawardene, Nalin N., Al-Rejaie, Salim S., Loinheuang, Chanhom, Li, Qi-Rui, Long, Qing-De, Elgorban, Abdallah M. (2025): Two new species of Nigropunctata and the first report of sexual morph of Melanographium citri (Pallidoperidiaceae, Xylariales) from south-western China. MycoKeys 122: 257-275, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.122.161215
385FBE716B415C878FBA70B5083D3E91.text	385FBE716B415C878FBA70B5083D3E91.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nigropunctata shiwandashanensis C. T. Lu, K. Habib & Q. R. Li 2025	<div><p>Nigropunctata shiwandashanensis C. T. Lu, K. Habib &amp; Q. R. Li sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 4</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific epithet “ shiwandashanensis ” refers to Shiwandashan National Nature Reserve, where the holotype specimen was collected.</p><p>Type.</p><p>China • Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=108.04784&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.971634" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 108.04784/lat 21.971634)">Shiwandashan National Nature Reserve</a> (21°58'17.88"N, 108°2'52.22"E), altitude: 315 m, on dead culms of bamboo, 22 September 2024, Changtao Lu, 2024 SWS 82 (GMB 4903, holotype; GMBC 4903, ex-type) ; ibid KUN-HKAS 146985, isotype .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Saprobic on dead culms of bamboo. Sexual morph: Ascomata 610–1180 µm wide, 490–730 µm high, immersed, solitary, scattered, appearing as small black dots, in cross-section globose to subglobose with a flattened base. Ostioles centric, slightly papillate, black, covered with black, thick-walled clypeus. Peridium 8–12.5 µm thick, comprised of two layers; outer layer composed of thick-walled, dense, dark brown cells of textura angularis; inner layer hyaline cells of textura angularis. Paraphyses 2.5–7.3 µm (x ̄ = 6.1 µm, n = 30) wide, longer than the asci, numerous, filamentous, contain white intracellular material. Asci 167–220 × 10–24 µm (x ̄ = 195.5 × 17.5 µm, n = 30), 8 - spored, unitunicate, cylindrical, short-pedicellate, apically rounded, with a J +, discoid apical apparatus, 1–2 µm high, 3–5 µm wide (x ̄ = 1.5 × 4 µm, n = 30). Ascospores 15–24 × 5.5–9 µm (x ̄ = 19.7 × 7.0 µm, n = 30), uniseriate, unicellular, brown to dark brown, oblong to broadly ellipsoidal, surrounded by 2–5 µm (x ̄ = 3.7 µm, n = 30) thick mucilaginous sheath, with a straight germ slit along the entire spore length. Asexual morph: Undetermined.</p><p>Culture characteristics.</p><p>Ascospores germinated on PDA within 36 hours. Colonies grow fast, reaching 2 cm in 1 week at 24–27 ° C. Colony surface white, velvety to hairy, thin, nearly circular; reverse, pale yellowish.</p><p>Paratype.</p><p>China • Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=108.045654&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.993683" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 108.045654/lat 21.993683)">Shiwandashan National Nature Reserve</a> (21°59'37.26"N, 108°2'44.36"E), altitude: 326 m, on dead culms of bamboo, 22 September 2024, Changtao Lu, 2024 SWS 109 (GMB 4952, GMBC 4952) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>In the phylogram (Fig. 1), Nigropunctata shiwandashanensis and N. hydei form a sister clade with strong support value (91 BS / 1 PP). Morphologically, N. shiwandashanensis can be distinguished from N. hydei by its larger ascomata (613–1180 × 490–730 µm vs. 485–575 × 400–520 µm), thinner peridium (8.3–12.5 µm vs. 16.5–31 µm), larger asci (167–220 × 10–24 µm vs. 150–185 × 11.5–16.5 µm) and longer ascospores (15–24 × 5.5–9 µm vs. 13.5–18 × 7–10 µm). In addition, the ascospores of N. hydei lack a germ slit (Samarakoon et al. 2023), whereas N. shiwandashanensis possesses a full-length, straight germ slit. Comparative analysis of nucleotide base pairs showed that Nigropunctata shiwandashanensis differs from N. hydei by 10.5 % (51 / 487) in the ITS locus, 2.6 % (25 / 946) in the LSU locus and 7.5 % (71 / 951) in the rpb 2 gene. Comparison with other morphologically similar species is presented in Table 2.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/385FBE716B415C878FBA70B5083D3E91	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Lu, Chang-Tao;Ren, Yu-Lin;Habib, Kamran;Zhang, Qin-Fang;Liu, Li-Li;Kang, Ji-Chuan;Shen, Xiang-Chun;Wijayawardene, Nalin N.;Al-Rejaie, Salim S.;Loinheuang, Chanhom;Li, Qi-Rui;Long, Qing-De;Elgorban, Abdallah M.	Lu, Chang-Tao, Ren, Yu-Lin, Habib, Kamran, Zhang, Qin-Fang, Liu, Li-Li, Kang, Ji-Chuan, Shen, Xiang-Chun, Wijayawardene, Nalin N., Al-Rejaie, Salim S., Loinheuang, Chanhom, Li, Qi-Rui, Long, Qing-De, Elgorban, Abdallah M. (2025): Two new species of Nigropunctata and the first report of sexual morph of Melanographium citri (Pallidoperidiaceae, Xylariales) from south-western China. MycoKeys 122: 257-275, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.122.161215
