identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
470A7D7EFF7DFFE8FDCFFAF210156D5D.text	470A7D7EFF7DFFE8FDCFFAF210156D5D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bembidion breve (Motschulsky 1845)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> KEY TO SPECIES OF THE  BREVE GROUP </p>
            <p> 1 Elytra notably convex, with lateral margins strongly rounded, resulting in inflated appearance (Fig. 2D); striae 3 and 4 partially disappeared or very weak (Fig. 2D). Pronotum sinuate laterally (Fig. 11G, see also Fig. 11I). Hindbody dark brown or reddish brown and generally slightly paler than the forebody. Male genitalia with darkened patch of scales apically (Fig. 9H, see inset) and lacking sclerite ‘St’ (Figs 9G, H, 10G); 4.6–5.1 mm ................................................................................  B. testatum</p>
            <p>– Elytra flat or convex, or with lateral margins somewhat rounded, but not strongly rounded laterally and therefore lacking inflated appearance, striae weak, or not. Pronotum sinuate laterally, or not. Male genitalia lacking darkened patch of scales apically....................................................................................2</p>
            <p>2 (1) Pronotum with hind angles near 90° (Fig. 11D–F, I), or slightly obtuse (Fig. 11H) .................................3</p>
            <p>– Pronotum with hind angles strongly obtuse (Fig. 11A, B) .........................................................................8</p>
            <p>3 (2) Pronotum broad (Fig. 2A–C), with broad lateral explanation and broad base (Fig. 11D–F). Body convex, with a stout appearance. Smaller, most specimens less than 4.8 mm (although can be up to 5 mm).....4</p>
            <p>– Pronotum broad or not (Fig. 11H, I). Body convex or somewhat flattened, but greater than 4.8 mm (females&gt; 5.1 mm).......................................................................................................................................7</p>
            <p> 4 (3) Male genitalia with expanded sclerite ‘St’ as in Figure 10E. Montana, southeastern British Columbia, southwestern Alberta, northeastern Oregon (and likely northern Idaho) (Fig. 16B); 4–4.5 mm ....................................................................................................................................................  B. geopearlis</p>
            <p> –  Male genitalia with sclerite ‘ St’ as in Figure 10C, D, F. California, Nevada , western and southeastern Oregon, western Washington, western and southeastern British Columbia, north to Alaska ................5 </p>
            <p> 5 (4) Elytra with lateral margins somewhat rounded and narrowed at shoulder, dorsal punctures strongly foveate and striae often pronounced (Fig. 1C). Pronotum fairly large relative to elytral length, broad lateral explanation generally lacking (specimens from the Sierra Nevada may have a broad lateral explanation). Male genitalia with medium-length flagellum and diamond-shaped sclerite ‘St’ (Figs 8E, F, 10C). Smaller, 3.7–4.5 mm ............................................................................................................  B. breve</p>
            <p>– Elytra fairly parallel-sided, broad at shoulder, often tapering towards apex, dorsal punctures weakly foveate. Male genitalia with apical half narrower and more tapered, third and long, sinuate flagellum (Fig. 9A, B, E, F)............................................................................................................................................6</p>
            <p> 6 (5) Male genitalia lacking large arcuate sclerite ‘St’ (Figs 9A, B, 10D). Sierra Nevada in California, Nevada, southeastern Oregon (Fig. 16A); 4–4.6 mm ......................................................................  B. saturatum</p>
            <p> – Male genitalia with a large, arcuate sclerite ‘St’ (Figs 9E, F, 10F). Northwestern California, and the Cascades from Oregon to southern British Columbia (Fig. 16A); 4.1–5.0 mm, most ≤ 4.8 mm ......................................................................................................................................................  B. vulcanix</p>
            <p> 7 (3) Pronotum narrow and strongly sinuate laterally (Figs 3, 11I). Legs and antennae elongate and slender. Elytra widest behind middle. Forebody and hind body generally unicolourous black (in rare specimens, elytral disc brown or reddish brown), in some specimens with a bluish hue; 5.2–6 mm .........  B. oromaia</p>
            <p> – Pronotum broad (at least as broad as one elytron); in some specimens, slightly sinuate laterally (Figs 1D, 11H). Legs and antennae less elongate and slender. Elytra more or less parallel-sided, widest near middle and generally tapering towards apex. Elytral microsculpture often granulate in females (Fig. 13F). Forebody and hindbody unicolourous dark brown (occasionally black) with aeneous hue. Male genitalia not bent basally, flagellum short and weakly sinuate; 4.9–5.6 mm ...........................  B. laxatum</p>
            <p> 8 (2) Male genitalia as in Figures 8C, D and 10B. Elytral dorsal punctures weakly foveate (especially in specimens from California and Oregon) (Fig. 1B). Pronotum relatively flat with a broad lateral explanation (Fig. 11B), weak laterobasal carina and shallow basal fovea (Fig. 12C); 4.0– 5.3 mm, most ≥ 4.5 mm ..................................................................................................................................................  B. ampliatum</p>
            <p>– Elytral dorsal punctures strongly foveate (Fig. 1A, C). Pronotum with strong laterobasal carina, basal fovea somewhat deeper with less broad lateral explanation (Figs 11A, G, 12A). .........................................................................................................................................................9</p>
            <p> 9 (8) Body parallel-sided and relatively flat (Fig. 1A). Male genitalia as in Figures 8A, B and 10A; 3.7–4.9 mm, most ≥ 4.1 mm .......................................................................................................  B. lividulum</p>
            <p> – Pronotum and elytra quite convex. Elytra with somewhat rounded lateral margin (Fig. 1C). Male genitalia as in Figures 8E, F and 10C. Smaller, 3.7–4.5 mm ..........................................................  B. breve</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/470A7D7EFF7DFFE8FDCFFAF210156D5D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Sproul, John S.;Maddison, David R.	Sproul, John S., Maddison, David R. (2018): Cryptic species in the mountaintops: species delimitation and taxonomy of the Bembidion breve species group (Coleoptera: Carabidae) aided by genomic architecture of a century-old type specimen. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183: 556-583
470A7D7EFF7CFFE8FE99F96817D96DBC.text	470A7D7EFF7CFFE8FE99F96817D96DBC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bembidion lividulum Casey. Although Sproul & Maddison 2017	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> BEMBIDION LIVIDULUM CASEY</p>
            <p>(FIGS 1A, 8A, B, 10A, 11A, 12A, 13B, 14A)</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/470A7D7EFF7CFFE8FE99F96817D96DBC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Sproul, John S.;Maddison, David R.	Sproul, John S., Maddison, David R. (2018): Cryptic species in the mountaintops: species delimitation and taxonomy of the Bembidion breve species group (Coleoptera: Carabidae) aided by genomic architecture of a century-old type specimen. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183: 556-583
470A7D7EFF7CFFF4FF10F93B17AF681F.text	470A7D7EFF7CFFF4FF10F93B17AF681F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bembidion lividulum Casey 1918	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Bembidion lividulum Casey, 1918: 25 . Lectotype female, designated by Lindroth (1975: 117), in USNM, labelled ‘Placer Co. CAL.’ [white paper], ‘CASEY bequest 1925’ [white paper], ‘TYPE USNM 36830’ [red paper], ‘lividula Csy.’ [white paper, hand written], ‘ LECTOTYPE  saturatum Csy. By C.H. Lindroth’ [white paper, partly handwritten]. Type locality: Placer Co., California. Examined, including DNA sequences. Extracted DNA is deposited at the USNM and associated with the GUID of the type specimen: ark:/65665/3fa4e0e6d-4705-4d96-b32b- 83af093df729. </p>
            <p>M, specimens are microsympatric (i.e. collected at the same locality); S, specimens that are broadly sympatric, but not known to occur at the same locality. Cells with numbers indicate the distance in kilometres between the nearest confirmed localities for non-sympatric species</p>
            <p> Nomenclatural notes: This is the species referred to as ‘  Bembidion “Ebbets Pass”’ in Sproul &amp; Maddison (2017) and  B. breve (specimen 1930) in Maddison (2012). </p>
            <p>Diagnosis: A shiny, medium-sized, parallel-sided, relatively flat species with strongly foveate dorsal punctures (Fig. 1A). Forebody and elytra black or dark brown often with aeneous hue. Pronotum widest anterior to middle with obtuse hind angles; not sinuate laterally; laterobasal carina strong (Figs 11A, 12A). Elytra parallel-sided; dorsal punctures strongly foveate. Elytral disc commonly with uneven surface (caused by a depression in elytral surface) in basal third anterior to dorsal punctures (see pattern of shadows in the basal third of elytral disc in Fig. 1A). Microsculpture weakened in males (Fig. 13B) causing shiny appearance and making foveate dorsal punctures easily visible without magnification. Male genitalia with flagellum sinuate and moderately long; sclerite ‘St’ slender, commonly hourglass-shaped (Figs 8A, B, 10A).</p>
            <p> Comparison with similar species: Most easily confused with  B. ampliatum and  B. breve . Can be distinguished from the former by having a slightly more convex pronotum and stronger laterobasal carina, more strongly foveate dorsal punctures (particularly where they cooccur with  B. ampliatum in California) and unevenness in the basal third of the elytral disc anterior to the dorsal punctures, and a longer, more sinuate flagellum and more slender sclerite ‘St’. Distinguished from the latter by having more parallel-sided elytra, the pronotum widest anterior to middle and a slen- der sclerite ‘St’. May also be confused with  B. laxatum from which it is distinguished by having a smaller body size, weaker microsculpture, a narrower pronotum relative to elytral width and sclerite ‘St’ lacking U-shaped recurvature. </p>
            <p> Geographic distribution:   From southern British Columbia along the Cascade Range to the southern Sierra Nevada. East through Idaho to the  Rocky Mountains in Montana and southeastern British Columbia (Fig. 14A)  . </p>
            <p>Habitat: Known from a wider range of environments than most other species in the group. It is often abundant in the damp soil below receding snow patches on alpine slopes. Also present along the shoreline of streams and lakes at high elevation. Common along the shorelines of moderate-sized rivers at somewhat lower elevation with increasing latitude (e.g. the Pacific Northwest and Alaska).</p>
            <p>Geographic variation: This species is fairly variable across its range and within populations. Notable size variation is common in multiple locations of the Oregon Cascades and in Montana, with very small females in some populations (those sequenced do not show obvious differences in the genes examined).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/470A7D7EFF7CFFF4FF10F93B17AF681F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Sproul, John S.;Maddison, David R.	Sproul, John S., Maddison, David R. (2018): Cryptic species in the mountaintops: species delimitation and taxonomy of the Bembidion breve species group (Coleoptera: Carabidae) aided by genomic architecture of a century-old type specimen. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183: 556-583
470A7D7EFF60FFF3FE94FC60166B693F.text	470A7D7EFF60FFF3FE94FC60166B693F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bembidion ampliatum Casey 1918	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> BEMBIDION AMPLIATUM CASEY</p>
            <p>(FIGS 1B, 8C, D, 10B, 11B, 12D, 15A)</p>
            <p> Bembidion ampliatum Casey, 1918: 24 . Lectotype male, designated by Lindroth (1975: 117), in USNM, labelled ‘Col’ [white paper], [male symbol, hand drawn on white paper], ‘CASEY bequest 1925’ [white paper], ‘TYPE USNM 36828’ [red paper],  ‘ampliatum Csy. ’ [white paper, handwritten], ‘ LECTOTYPE  ampliatum Csy. By C.H. Lindroth’ [white paper, partly handwritten]. Type locality: Colorado. Examined, including genitalia. </p>
            <p> Bembidion improvisum Casey, 1918: 24 . Lectotype male, designated by Lindroth (1975: 117), in USNM, labelled ‘Col’ [white paper], [male symbol, hand drawn on white paper], ‘CASEY bequest 1925’ [white paper], ‘TYPE USNM 36832’ [red paper],  ‘improvisum Csy. ’ [white paper, hand written], ‘ LECTOTYPE  improvisum Csy. By C.H. Lindroth’ [white paper, partly handwritten]. Type locality: Colorado. Examined, including genitalia. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis: This medium-sized species is parallel-sided with a distinctly flat pronotum. Forebody and hindbody black or very dark brown, often with aeneous or metallic hue. Pronotum relatively flat; hind angles obtuse; widest anterior to middle with broad lateral explanation and weak laterobasal carina (as the basal fovea beside it is not as deep, and thus the carina does not stand out so prominently); not sinuate laterally (Figs 11B, 12C). Elytra are more or less parallel-sided and broadly rounded at apex; elytral disc with smooth appearance (particularly in California and Oregon), in part due to weak striae and weakly foveate dorsal punctures (Fig. 1B) which are not easily observed without magnification. Microsculpture meshes moderately etched in females, but weakly or at least unevenly etched in most males, often partially disappeared (13D). Male genitalia with the ventral portion of sclerite ‘St’ angled anteriorly such that the ventral extremity is even with, or anterior to, the dorsal extremity; flagellum short and somewhat sinuate (Figs 8C, 13D, 10B).</p>
            <p> Comparison with similar species: Most easily confused with  B. lividulum from which it can be distinguished by having a flatter pronotum with weak laterobasal carina (especially reliable in California), less pronounced elytral striae with weakly foveate dorsal punctures and a smooth elytral disc in the basal third anterior to the dorsal punctures (though often less so in specimens east of California and Oregon), and the male genitalia having a more laterally expanded sclerite ‘St’ with the ventral portion angled anteriorly. May also be confused with  B. laxatum from which it can be separated through the weakened elytral microsculpture in both sexes, by having a flatter pronotum with obtuse hind angles and weakened laterobasal carina, and lacking the U-shaped recurvature in sclerite ‘St’ of the male genitalia. </p>
            <p> Geographic distribution:   Throughout the Sierra Nevada and White Mountains in California and north throughout the eastern mountains of Oregon (Steens and Wallowas) to Alberta. Easterly through the Great Basin and  Rocky Mountains to Montana, Wyoming, and Colorado, south to New Mexico and Arizona. The only  breve group species known from Utah, Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico and Arizona (Fig. 15A). A single questionable specimen is reported from Washington (see note below about ‘Geographic variation’)  . </p>
            <p>Habitat: Open alpine slopes, commonly below patches of melting snow.</p>
            <p> Geographic variation:   Specimens east of California and Oregon (e.g. Great Basin and Rocky Mountains) are generally smaller-bodied, especially males, and show more intraspecific variation in external structures. Notable within-population size variation has been observed in the Manti La Sal Mountains of eastern Utah, and the  Sangre de Cristo Mountains of New Mexico. The single specimen from Washington reported herein (DNA3321) is a morphological and molecular outlier that we doubtfully include within this species  . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/470A7D7EFF60FFF3FE94FC60166B693F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Sproul, John S.;Maddison, David R.	Sproul, John S., Maddison, David R. (2018): Cryptic species in the mountaintops: species delimitation and taxonomy of the Bembidion breve species group (Coleoptera: Carabidae) aided by genomic architecture of a century-old type specimen. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183: 556-583
470A7D7EFF67FFF3FE8DFD6A10156DE6.text	470A7D7EFF67FFF3FE8DFD6A10156DE6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bembidion breve (Motschulsky 1845)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> BEMBIDION BREVE (MOTSCHULSKY)</p>
            <p>(FIGS 1C, 8E, F, 10C, 11C, 13A, 14B)</p>
            <p> Peryphus brevis Motschulsky, 1845: 28 . Lectotype male, designated by Bousquet &amp; Larochelle (1993: 16), in ZMMU, labelled ‘  Plataphus brevis Motsch [illegible]’ [green paper, handwritten], ‘  B. breve Mtsch spec. interto proxima cfr. et. tetraglyptum dt. Netolitzky’ [white paper, handwritten; ‘interto’ is likely a mispelling of ‘incerto’], [red rectangle], ‘ LECTOTYPE  Peryphus brevis Motschulsky Des. by Y. Bousquet’ [red paper, partly handwritten]. Type locality: Sitka, Alaska. Examined, including genitalia. </p>
            <p> Notaphus incertus Motschulsky, 1845: 350 . Lectotype male, designated herein, in ZMMU, labelled ‘Sitka’ [green paper, handwritten], ‘  Plataphus incertus Motsc Am. b. [illegible] Sitka’ [green paper, handwritten], ‘  B. incertum Mts spec. [illegible] det Netolitsky’ [white paper, handwritten], ‘ LECTOTYPE  Notaphus incertus Mtsch. designated Sproul &amp; Maddison 2014 ’ [red and white paper, partly handwritten]. Type locality: Sitka, Alaska. Examined, including genitalia. </p>
            <p> Peryphus tetraglyptus Mannerheim, 1853: 151 . Lectotype male, designated by Lindroth (1963: 273), in ZMH. </p>
            <p> Bembidion blanditum Casey, 1918: 23 . Lectotype female, designated by Lindroth (1975: 116), in USNM, labelled ‘Metlakatla B. Col. Keen’ [white paper], ‘CASEY bequest 1925’ [white paper], ‘blandita Csy.’ [white paper, handwritten], ‘TYPE USNM 36829’ [red paper], ‘ LECTOTYPE  blanditum Csy. By C.H. Lindroth’ [white paper, partly handwritten]. Type locality: Metlakatla, British Columbia. Examined. </p>
            <p> Nomenclatural notes: Lindroth’s concept of ‘  Bembidion incertum ’, as a widespread species distributed from the Pacific states to Colorado, included this species,  B. ampliatum ,  B. lividulum and  B. saturatum . </p>
            <p>Diagnosis: A small-bodied, convex species with strongly foveate dorsal punctures. Forebody dark brown, hindbody dark brown or reddish brown, often lighter than forebody; forebody and hindbody commonly with a metallic hue. Pronotum with fairly rounded lateral margin, widest at middle or just anterior to middle; laterobasal carina strong but often short (not proceeding far anteriorly) due to convexity of pronotum; basal fovea deep; hind angles slightly obtuse (Fig. 11C). Elytral striae generally pronounced and dorsal punctures strongly foveate; elytra fairly short relative to length of pronotum (Fig. 1C). Microsculpture with meshes moderately etched in both sexes (Fig. 13A) (but note geographic variation below). Male genitalia with medium-length flagellum; sclerite ‘St’ more or less diamond-shaped (Figs 8E, F, 10C).</p>
            <p> Comparison with similar species: Most easily confused with  B. lividulum ,  B. saturatum and  B. vulcanix . Distinguished from  B. lividulum by having more convex pronotum and elytra with somewhat rounded lateral margin of elytra, pronotum widest closer to middle, and male genitalia with a longer, more sinuate flagellum and broader sclerite ‘St’. Distinguished from  B. saturatum and  B. vulcanix by having a slightly smaller body size, more rounded lateral margin of elytra that narrows at the shoulder and more strongly foveate dorsal punctures, with pronotum larger relative to elytra and with a short laterobasal carina, and male genitalia with a shorter flagellum. </p>
            <p> Geographic distribution:   The northernmost species, ranging from the  Aleutian Islands south along the coastal mountains of British Columbia  ,  and in the Cascades of Oregon and Washington , south throughout California  in the Sierra Nevada (Fig. 14B) .   Also known from one locality in  Yoho National Park in eastern British Columbia  . </p>
            <p>Habitat: Most common on small, subalpine creeks in the southern part of its range. In the north, it occurs along creeks, rivers or open slopes at high elevation.</p>
            <p> Geographic variation:   Some specimens are larger-bodied in the Sierra Nevada with broader pronota relative to northern localities. Notable intraspecific variation (in body size, pronotum shape, forebody and elytral coloration) is present in northern populations (e.g. southeast Alaska). Microsculpture shape and intensity is variable; in particular, some specimens may have notably transverse meshes (e.g. Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia), or less deeply etched meshes such that portions of cells are partially disappeared in males (e.g. Snoqualmie Pass, Washington). Some individuals from  Yoho National Park are notably small in size  . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/470A7D7EFF67FFF3FE8DFD6A10156DE6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Sproul, John S.;Maddison, David R.	Sproul, John S., Maddison, David R. (2018): Cryptic species in the mountaintops: species delimitation and taxonomy of the Bembidion breve species group (Coleoptera: Carabidae) aided by genomic architecture of a century-old type specimen. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183: 556-583
470A7D7EFF67FFF2FC4DF92211166AC2.text	470A7D7EFF67FFF2FC4DF92211166AC2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bembidion laxatum Casey. However 1918	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> BEMBIDION LAXATUM CASEY</p>
            <p>(FIGS 1D, 8G, H, 10H, 11H, 12B, 13E, F, 15B)</p>
            <p> Bembidion laxatum Casey, 1918: 24 . Lectotype male, designated by Lindroth (1975: 117), in USNM, labelled ‘Placer Co. CAL.’ [white paper], ‘CASEY bequest 1925’, ‘TYPE USNM 36833’ [red paper], ‘laxata Csy.’ [white paper, handwritten], ‘ LECTOTYPE  laxatum Csy. By C.H. Lindroth’ [white paper, partly handwritten]. Type locality: Placer Co., California. Examined, including genitalia. </p>
            <p> Bembidion adumbratum Casey, 1918: 26 . Lectotype male, designated by Lindroth (1975: 117), in USNM, labelled ‘Placer Co. CAL.’ [white paper], ‘Oct.’ [white paper], ‘CASEY bequest 1925’ [white paper], ‘TYPE USNM 36827’ [red paper], ‘adumbrata Csy.’ [white paper, handwritten], ‘ LECTOTYPE  adumbratum Csy. By C.H. Lindroth’ [white paper, partly handwritten]. Type locality: Placer Co., California. Examined, including genitalia. </p>
            <p> Bembidion rainieri Hatch, 1950: 97 . Holotype female in USNM, labelled ‘Mt. Rainier, WASH. Sunrise Park Sept. 6, 1934 M. H. Hatch’ [white paper], ‘ADP 115747’ [white paper], ‘  Bembidion (Plataphodes) laxatum Csy. M. Hatch-1969’ [white paper, handwritten], ‘TYPE  Bembidion (Trechonepha) rainieri 1948.- M. H. Hatch’ [red paper, hand written]. Examined. Type locality: Sunrise Park, Mount Rainier Pierce Co., Washington. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis: Large and heavy-bodied, this parallel-sided species is distinct in its dull appearance, particularly females. Forebody and hindbody dark brown, rarely black, typically with aeneous, or bluish, metallic hue. Pronotum broad and somewhat convex; widest near middle with hind angles near 90° or slightly obtuse (Fig. 11H); laterobasal carina strong (Fig. 12B). Elytra widest near middle, often narrowing towards apex; elytral striae somewhat pronounced, and dorsal punctures moderately foveate (Fig. 1D). Microsculpture strongly etched in males; very strongly etched, often granulate, in females (Fig. 13E, F). Male genitalia with short, weakly sinuate flagellum; sclerite ‘St’ with U-shaped recurvature ventrally (Figs 8G, H, 10H).</p>
            <p> Comparison with similar species: Most easily confused with  B. oromaia from which it is distinguished by having a wider pronotum relative to width of the elytra, the elytra being widest near middle, having larger protarsomeres in males, less slender, elongate legs and antennae, and by various characters in the male genitalia. May also be confused with  B. lividulum and  B. ampliatum . It can be distinguished from both by its larger, more convex body, duller appearance due to strong microsculpture in both sexes, broadened pronotum relative to the elytra with hind angles near 90°, and the U-shaped recurvature of sclerite ‘St’ in the male genitalia. </p>
            <p>Geographic distribution: Throughout the Sierra Nevada in California, north along the Cascade Range to Washington and southern British Columbia (Fig. 15B).</p>
            <p>Habitat: Open alpine slopes commonly below patches of melting snow or along small alpine creeks.</p>
            <p>Geographic variation: Sclerite ‘St’ in males from California localities is fairly elongate (Fig. 9G, H). Sclerite ‘St’ in the few Washington and British Columbia specimens available for examination appears slightly less elongate and more broadened than in California specimens.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/470A7D7EFF67FFF2FC4DF92211166AC2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Sproul, John S.;Maddison, David R.	Sproul, John S., Maddison, David R. (2018): Cryptic species in the mountaintops: species delimitation and taxonomy of the Bembidion breve species group (Coleoptera: Carabidae) aided by genomic architecture of a century-old type specimen. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183: 556-583
470A7D7EFF66FFF1FC2AFDEB17996869.text	470A7D7EFF66FFF1FC2AFDEB17996869.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bembidion saturatum Casey 1918	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> BEMBIDION SATURATUM CASEY</p>
            <p>(FIGS 2A, 9A, B, 10D, 11D, 16A)</p>
            <p> Bembidion saturatum Casey, 1918: 24 . Lectotype female, designated by Lindroth (1975: 117), in USNM, labelled ‘Placer co. Cal.’ [white paper], ‘CASEY bequest 1925’ [white paper], ‘TYPE USNM 36831’ [red paper], ‘saturata Csy.’ [white paper, handwritten], ‘ LECTOTYPE  saturatum Csy. By C.H. Lindroth’ [white paper, partly handwritten]. Type locality: Placer Co., California. Examined, including DNA sequences. </p>
            <p> Nomenclatural notes:   This is the species referred to as ‘  Bembidion “University Peak”’ in Sproul &amp; Maddison (2017). Extracted DNA is deposited at the USNM and associated with the GUID of the type specimen: ark:/65665/380c4cce2-3007-4a2d-9d40-5865c9760b 4f. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis: This small-bodied convex species has a broad pronotum and stout appearance (Fig. 2A). Forebody and hindbody dark brown, some specimens with an aeneous reflection. Pronotum very broad basally with hind angles near 90°; lateral explanation broad (Fig. 11D), laterobasal carina somewhat weak as the basal fovea beside it is quite shallow, and thus the carina does not stand out so prominently, although carina may still extend far anteriorly. Elytra long relative to length of pronotum; tapered apically in some specimens; dorsal punctures weakly foveate (Fig. 2A). Microsculpture meshes strongly etched in females and moderately etched in males (except for populations in eastern Oregon and Nevada where microsculpture is notably weakened). Male genitalia with long sinuate flagellum (Figs 9A, B, 10D); sclerite ‘St’ either lacking (Fig. 9A), or with a hint of sclerotization in the position of sclerite ‘St’ (Fig. 9B).</p>
            <p> Comparison with similar species: Most easily confused with  B. vulcanix and  B. geopearlis , from which it is extremely difficult to separate using only external structures. It is most easily distinguished using characters in the male genitalia and geography. It is separated from both by lacking sclerite ‘St’ (but see note on ‘Geographic variation’ below), and by having a southern and southeastern distribution (Fig. 16). May also be confused with  B. breve , from which it is distinguished by a slightly larger body with more parallel-sided elytra, weakly foveate dorsal punctures, and a longer, more sinuate flagellum of the male genitalia. </p>
            <p> Geographic distribution:   From Washington south to the southern Sierra Nevada, east to the Ruby Mountains in Nevada and  Steens Mountains in Oregon (Fig. 16A)  . </p>
            <p>Habitat: A variety of damp environments at or below the tree line including damp meadows, along lakeshores or small creeks, or on open alpine slopes below patches of melting snow.</p>
            <p> Geographic variation: Populations from the Steens Mountains in eastern Oregon and the Ruby Mountains in Nevada (the ‘eastern form’) are smaller-bodied, shinier and more black than dark brown, with slight sclerotization in the position of sclerite ‘St’ evident (e.g. Fig. 9B), but not nearly so expanded as in  B. geopearlis (Figs 9C, D, 10E) or  B. vulcanix (Figs 9E, F, 10F). A slight patch of sclerotization has also been observed occasionally in individuals from California (Fig. 9B). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/470A7D7EFF66FFF1FC2AFDEB17996869	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Sproul, John S.;Maddison, David R.	Sproul, John S., Maddison, David R. (2018): Cryptic species in the mountaintops: species delimitation and taxonomy of the Bembidion breve species group (Coleoptera: Carabidae) aided by genomic architecture of a century-old type specimen. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183: 556-583
470A7D7EFF65FFF0FE91FCBB17D06A4A.text	470A7D7EFF65FFF0FE91FCBB17D06A4A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bembidion geopearlis Sproul & Maddison 2018	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> BEMBIDION GEOPEARLIS SP. NOV.</p>
            <p>(FIGS 2B, 9C, D, 10E, 11E, 16B)</p>
            <p> Holotype male (in OSAC) here designated, labelled: ‘ USA: Montana: Glacier N.P., east slope Clements Mtn., 2129 m, 48.692°N 113.7292°W, 12 August 2015. JSS 2015.107-1 [‘-1’ handwritten]. J.S. Sproul &amp; family’ [white paper], ‘David R. Maddison DNA4727 DNA Voucher’ [pale green paper], ‘ HOLOTYPE  Bembidion geopearlis Sproul + Maddison 2017 ’ [partly handwritten, red paper], ‘ Oregon State Arthropod Collection OSAC_0002000000 [matrix code]’ [printed on both sides of white paper]. Genitalia mounted in Euparal on small card labelled ‘DNA4727’ beneath the specimen; extracted DNA stored separately. GenBank accession numbers for DNA sequences of the holotype are: KY950786 (28S); KY950914 (CAD); KY951044 (COI), KY951174 (MSP), KY951301 (  Topo ). </p>
            <p>
                 Type locality:   USA: Montana: Glacier National Park, east slope Clements Mountain near  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -113.7292/lat 48.69204)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-113.7292&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.69204">Logan Pass</a>
                 , 2129 m, 48.69204°N 113.72920°W  . 
            </p>
            <p>
                  Paratypes: Thirty-eight paratypes from the following localities, with specimens deposited in OSAC and USNM: USA: Montana: Glacier National Park, east slope Clements Mountain near  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -113.7292/lat 48.69204)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-113.7292&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.69204">Logan Pass</a>
                 , 2129 m, 48.69204°N 113.72920°W (25)  ;   USA: Montana: Glacier Co., Glacier National Park,  Iceberg Lake (2); USA: Montana: Glacier Co., Glacier National Park, Logan Pass (1); USA: Montana:  Glacier National Park (1); USA: Montana: Mineral Co., Hoodoo Creek, 1780 m (1)  ;   USA: Montana: Missoula Co., inlet to  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -113.8501/lat 47.3801)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-113.8501&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.3801">Heart Lake</a>
                 , 1891 m, 47.3801°N 113.8501°W (1)  ;   USA: Montana: Ravalli Co.,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -114.4863/lat 46.1417)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-114.4863&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.1417">Lost Horse Creek</a>
                 , 1760 m, 46.1417°N 114.4863°W (1)  ;   USA: Montana: Ravalli Co.,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -114.4371/lat 46.1402)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-114.4371&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.1402">Lost Horse Creek</a>
                 , 1660 m, 46.1402°N 114.4371°W (1)  ;   USA: Montana: Flathead Co.,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -114.0611/lat 49.0261)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-114.0611&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=49.0261">Glacier National Park</a>
                 , Sperry Chalets (1); Canada: British Columbia: Akamina Pass, 1740 m, 49.0261°N 114.0611°W (3)  ;   Canada: Alberta: Waterton Lakes National Park,  Cameron Lake , 5440 m  (1). 
            </p>
            <p>Derivation of specific epithet: The name ‘geopearlis’ is derived from an informal combination of letters taken from the names of JSS’s children ‘George’ (geo) and ‘Pearl’ (pearl) with an ending (is) to make the name euphonic. The name recognizes the contribution of George (age 10) and Pearl (age 7) to the present work. They have accompanied JSS on over 6500 miles of high-intensity collecting road trips, hiked over 40 miles to high-elevation habitats in California, Oregon and Montana, and helped collect hundreds of specimens including members of the type series of this species. JSS is indebted to them for their companionship and support. The components of the name also reference the organism: ‘geo’ evokes something of the earth; thereby, ‘earth pearl’ or ‘a precious thing from the earth’ is descriptive of these seldom-collected ground beetles.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis: A small, convex species with a notably broad prothorax (Fig. 2B). Forebody dark brown or black; hind body dark brown or reddish brown. Pronotum variable but generally very broad basally with a broad lateral explanation; hind angles near 90°; sinuate laterally in some specimens (Fig. 11E). Elytra widest behind middle; often but not always broadly rounded at apex; dorsal punctures weakly foveate. Microsculpture meshes strongly etched in females and moderately etched in males. Genitalia somewhat parallel-sided in outer shape having a short taper towards the apex; flagellum sinuate and moderately long; sclerite ‘St’ expanded (Figs 9C, D, 10E).</p>
            <p> Comparison with similar species: Most similar in appearance to  B. saturatum ,  B. vulcanix and  B. breve . Most reliably distinguished from all three with male genitalic characters and by its eastern geographic distribution. In particular, distinguished from  B. saturatum and  B. vulcanix by having elytra widest behind middle resulting in a more rounded apex of the elytra, and by the apical half of the aedeagus being less curved and elongate. Distinguished in male genitalia from  B. saturatum by the presence of an expanded sclerite ‘St’. Distinguished from  B. vulcanix by having a less expanded, non-arcuate sclerite ‘St’. Distinguished from  B. breve by having a broader pronotum, more weakly foveate elytral dorsal punctures, the shape and position of sclerite ‘St’. </p>
            <p> Geographic distribution:   Known only from the Rocky Mountains of Montana, the Waterton National Parks area of southern Alberta and British Columbia, and the Wallowa and  Blue Mountains in northeastern Oregon (Fig. 16B)  . </p>
            <p>Habitat: Collected in abundance on open slopes above the tree line at the type locality. Small series or singletons have also been collected on small creeks or depressions with damp soil below the timberline.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/470A7D7EFF65FFF0FE91FCBB17D06A4A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Sproul, John S.;Maddison, David R.	Sproul, John S., Maddison, David R. (2018): Cryptic species in the mountaintops: species delimitation and taxonomy of the Bembidion breve species group (Coleoptera: Carabidae) aided by genomic architecture of a century-old type specimen. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183: 556-583
470A7D7EFF64FFF0FE8DFE7210FD6E50.text	470A7D7EFF64FFF0FE8DFE7210FD6E50.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bembidion vulcanix Sproul & Maddison 2018	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> BEMBIDION VULCANIX SP. NOV.</p>
            <p>(FIGS 2C, 9E, F, 10F, 11F, 16A)</p>
            <p> Holotype male (in OSAC) here designated, labelled: ‘ USA: Oregon: Deschutes Co., Stream east of Todd Lake, 1952 m, 44.0282°N 121.6709°W, 24.v.2015. JSS.2015.030-1 [‘-1’ handwritten]. J.S., E.C., G.S., &amp; P.E. Sproul’ [white paper], ‘David R. Maddison DNA4615 DNA Voucher’ [pale green paper], ‘ HOLOTYPE  Bembidion vulcanix Sproul + Maddison 2017 ’ [partly handwritten, red paper], ‘ Oregon State Arthropod Collection OSAC_ 0002000001 [matrix code]’ [printed on both sides of white paper]. Genitalia mounted in Euparal on small card labelled ‘DNA4615’ beneath the specimen; extracted DNA stored separately. GenBank accession numbers for DNA sequences of the holotype are: KY950767 (28S), KY950895 (CAD), KY 951025 (COI), KY 951155 (MSP), KY951282 (  Topo ). </p>
            <p>
                 Type locality:   USA: Oregon: Deschutes Co., Deschutes National Forest, stream east of  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -121.6709/lat 44.0282)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-121.6709&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=44.0282">Todd Lake</a>
                 , 1952 m, 44.0282°N 121.6709°W  . 
            </p>
            <p>
                  Paratypes: Seventy-two paratypes from the following localities, with specimens deposited in BMNH, CAS, CSCA, EMEC, MNHN and USNM: USA: Oregon: Deschutes Co., stream east of  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -121.6948/lat 48.8534)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-121.6948&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.8534">Todd Lake</a>
                 , 1952 m, 44.0282°N 121.6709°W (57); USA: Oregon:  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -121.6948/lat 48.8534)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-121.6948&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.8534">Deschutes Co.</a>
                 , Creek below  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -121.6948/lat 48.8534)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-121.6948&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.8534">Little Three Creek Lake</a>
                 , 2018 m, 44.1057°N 121.6347°W (6); USA: Oregon:  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -121.6948/lat 48.8534)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-121.6948&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.8534">Deschutes Co.</a>
                 , NE  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -121.6948/lat 48.8534)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-121.6948&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.8534">Todd Lake</a>
                 , Deschutes NF road 370, 2067 m, 44.038°N 121.6718°W (1); USA: Oregon:  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -121.6948/lat 48.8534)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-121.6948&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.8534">Deschutes Co.</a>
                 , E  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -121.6948/lat 48.8534)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-121.6948&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.8534">Todd Lake</a>
                 , Deschutes NF road 370, 1976 m, 44.0306°N 121.6683°W (1); USA: Oregon:  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -121.6948/lat 48.8534)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-121.6948&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.8534">Hood River Co.</a>
                 ,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -121.6948/lat 48.8534)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-121.6948&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.8534">Mt. Hood</a>
                 ,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -121.6948/lat 48.8534)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-121.6948&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.8534">Hood River Meadow Ski Area</a>
                 , 5300 ft. (2); USA: Washington:  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -121.6948/lat 48.8534)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-121.6948&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.8534">Whatcom Co.</a>
                 , Bagley Lakes,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -121.6948/lat 48.8534)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-121.6948&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.8534">Mt Baker</a>
                 , Snoqualmie NF, 1326 m, 48.8528°N 121.6886°W (1); USA: Washington:  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -121.6948/lat 48.8534)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-121.6948&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.8534">Whatcom Co.</a>
                 , Bagley Lakes,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -121.6948/lat 48.8534)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-121.6948&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.8534">Mt Baker</a>
                 , Snoqualmie NF, 1290 m, 48.8534°N 121.6948°W (1); USA: Washington:  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -121.6948/lat 48.8534)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-121.6948&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.8534">Pierce Co.</a>
                 ,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -121.6948/lat 48.8534)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-121.6948&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.8534">Mt. Rainier</a>
                 ,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -121.6948/lat 48.8534)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-121.6948&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.8534">Tipsoo Lake</a>
                 (1); USA: Washington:  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -121.6948/lat 48.8534)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-121.6948&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.8534">Pierce Co.</a>
                 ,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -121.6948/lat 48.8534)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-121.6948&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.8534">Mt. Rainier</a>
                 ,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -121.6948/lat 48.8534)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-121.6948&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.8534">Yakima Park</a>
                 (1); Canada: British Columbia: Garibaldi Provincial Park, S. slope Black Tusk (1)  . 
            </p>
            <p>Derivation of specific epithet: Informally derived by combining the two Latin words Vulcanis, the blacksmith god of fire and volcanoes from Roman mythology, and nix, meaning snow. The name references snow-covered volcanoes of the Cascade Range where this species can be commonly found at high elevation.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis: This convex species is recognized by a broad pronotum basally, elongate elytra and distinctive male genitalia. Forebody and hindbody dark brown in some specimens aeneous. Pronotum very broad basally; hind angles near 90°; lateral explanation broad; laterobasal carina fairly weak due to shallow adjacent basal fovea, but may extend far anteriorly nearly parallel to lateral margin of pronotum (Fig. 11F). Elytra long relative to length of pronotum and somewhat bullet-shaped in that they are parallel-sided, and tapering toward apex (although not readily obvious in Fig. 2C); dorsal punctures weakly foveate; striae often pronounced (Fig. 2C). Microsculpture strongly etched in females and moderately etched in males. Aedeagus is strongly curved, with an elongate taper towards the narrow apex; sclerite ‘St’ in apical half, large and arcuate; flagellum long and sinuate (Figs 9E, F, 10F).</p>
            <p> Comparison with similar species: Most easily confused with  B. saturatum and  B. geopearlis . It is separated from both by having an expanded, arcuate sclerite ‘St’ in the apical half (which is absent in the former, and not as expanded, arcuate, or apically positioned in the latter), and by its northwestern distribution (Fig. 16). May also be confused with  B. breve from which it is distinguished by its generally larger body size, more parallel-sided elytra, weakly foveate dorsal punctures, and longer, more sinuate shape of the flagellum and large of sclerite ‘St’ in the male genitalia. </p>
            <p>Habitat: Along the shorelines of subalpine small creeks or lakes.</p>
            <p>Geographic distribution: From southwestern British Columbia and the Olympic Peninsula in Washington, south along the Cascades of Washington and Oregon to the Trinity Alps in northwestern California (Fig. 16A).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/470A7D7EFF64FFF0FE8DFE7210FD6E50	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Sproul, John S.;Maddison, David R.	Sproul, John S., Maddison, David R. (2018): Cryptic species in the mountaintops: species delimitation and taxonomy of the Bembidion breve species group (Coleoptera: Carabidae) aided by genomic architecture of a century-old type specimen. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183: 556-583
470A7D7EFF64FFFFFC32FA7317276D79.text	470A7D7EFF64FFFFFC32FA7317276D79.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bembidion testatum Casey 1918	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> BEMBIDION TESTATUM CASEY</p>
            <p>(FIGS 2D, 9G, H, 10G, 11G, 17A)</p>
            <p> Bembidion testatum Casey, 1918: 30 . Lectotype male, designated by Erwin (1984: 174), in USNM, labelled ‘Ca[a vertical line crossed by two shorter horizontal lines]’ [white paper], (male symbol) [hand drawn on white paper], ‘CASEY bequest 1925’ [white paper], ‘TYPE USNM 36842’ [red paper], ‘ LECTOTYPE [male symbol]  Bembidion testatum Csy. By Erwin ‘77’ [white paper, partly handwritten]. Examined. Type locality: Lake Tahoe, California. </p>
            <p> Nomenclatural notes: This is the species referred to as ‘  Bembidion “Lily Lake Creek”’ in Sproul &amp; Maddison (2017). </p>
            <p>Diagnosis: This fairly large-bodied species is most easily recognized by the inflated appearance of the elytra and narrow pronotum relative to width of the elytra (Fig. 2D). Forebody dark brown or black; hind body from dark brown to reddish brown, often paler than forebody. Pronotum narrow relative to the width of the elytra; strongly sinuate laterally (Figs 2D, 11G); hind angles near 90° with basal fovea deeply excavated (Fig. 11G). Elytra notably convex with strongly rounded lateral margin resulting in an inflated appearance; dorsal punctures weakly foveate, elytral striae weak with striae three and four partially disappeared in some specimens. Microsculpture strongly etched in females and moderately etched in males. Male genitalia with darkened patch of membranes apically; sclerite ‘St’ lacking; flagellum sinuate and moderately long; ostial flag with an abbreviated sinuation not nearing the ventral surface of the aedeagus, and not extending far anteriorly (Figs 9G, H, 10G).</p>
            <p> Comparison with similar species: Can be confused with  B. saturatum and  B. breve in the northern Sierra Nevada. Distinguished from both by a larger body size, more convex elytra, and a darkened patch of scale-like structures apically in the male genitalia (see inset in Fig. 9H). Further distinguished from the former by having a narrower pronotum at the base. Distinguished from the latter by having very weakly foveate dorsal punctures and weak striae of the elytra. </p>
            <p>Geographic distribution: Known from the Sierra Nevada and Trinity Alps in California, as well as a single locality in southern Oregon (Fig. 17A).</p>
            <p>Habitat: Appears to be restricted to small, subalpine creeks.</p>
            <p> Geographic variation:   Some specimens from the Trinity Alps in northwestern California have a slightly longer flagellum in male genitalia. The single individual we sampled from  Mount Ashland , Oregon has four distinctive bases in 28S (three of which are ambiguities in DNA4173, but non-ambiguous and different in all other specimens), but is not notably distinct in the other genes. The Oregon specimen also has less sinuate later margins of the pronotum than typical California specimens  . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/470A7D7EFF64FFFFFC32FA7317276D79	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Sproul, John S.;Maddison, David R.	Sproul, John S., Maddison, David R. (2018): Cryptic species in the mountaintops: species delimitation and taxonomy of the Bembidion breve species group (Coleoptera: Carabidae) aided by genomic architecture of a century-old type specimen. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183: 556-583
470A7D7EFF6BFFFEFEA2F9D6140E6FEB.text	470A7D7EFF6BFFFEFEA2F9D6140E6FEB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bembidion oromaia Sproul & Maddison 2018	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> BEMBIDION OROMAIA SP. NOV.</p>
            <p>(FIGS 3, 9I, 10I, 11I, 13C, 17B)</p>
            <p> Holotype male (in OSAC) herein designated, labelled ‘ USA: California: Tulare Co., snow field above Emerald Lake, 2851 m, 36.5959°N 118.6756°W, 21.vi.2014. JSS 2014.064-12 [‘-12’ handwritten]. J.S. Sproul &amp; Family’ [white paper], ‘David R. Maddison DNA4250 DNA Voucher’ [pale green paper], ‘ HOLOTYPE  Bembidion oromaia Sproul + Maddison 2017 ’ [partly handwritten, red paper], ‘Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks SEKI 23092’ [green paper], ‘ Oregon State Arthropod Collection OSAC_0002000002 [matrix code]’ [printed on both sides of white paper]. Genitalia mounted in Euparal on small card labelled ‘DNA4250’ beneath the specimen; extracted DNA stored separately. GenBank accession numbers for DNA sequences of the holotype are KY950760 (28S), KY950889 (CAD), KY951019 (COI), KY951149 (MSP), KY951276 (  Topo ). </p>
            <p>
                 Type locality:   USA: California: Tulare Co., snowfield above  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -118.6756/lat 36.5959)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-118.6756&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.5959">Emerald Lake</a>
                 , 2851 m, 36.5959°N 118.6756°W  . 
            </p>
            <p>
                  Paratypes: Thirty-two specimens from the following localities, with specimens deposited in CAS, OSAC, and USNM: USA: California: Tulare Co.,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -118.5927/lat 36.4189)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-118.5927&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.4189">Upper East Fk. Kaweah River</a>
                 , 2812 m, 36.4189°N 118.5927°W (12)  ;   USA: California: Tulare Co., snow field above  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -118.6756/lat 36.5959)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-118.6756&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.5959">Emerald Lake</a>
                 , 2851 m, 36.5959°N 118.6756°W (6)  ;   USA: California: Tulare Co., snowfield below  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -118.5941/lat 36.417)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-118.5941&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.417">White Chief Lake</a>
                 , 2912 m, 36.417°N 118.5941°W (3)  ;   USA: California: Tulare Co.,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -118.5614/lat 36.4203)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-118.5614&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.4203">Lower Franklin Lake</a>
                 , 36.4203°N 118.5614°W (1)  ;   USA: California: Tuolumne Co.,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -119.6613/lat 38.3151)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-119.6613&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.3151">Blue Canyon Creek</a>
                 , 2750 m, 38.3151°N 119.6613°W (2)  ;  USA: California: Tuolumne Co., stream draining N. face Leavitt Peak, 2930 m, 38.3098°N 119.6619°W (2) ;   USA: California: Tuolumne Co.,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -119.6634/lat 38.3188)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-119.6634&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.3188">Deadman Creek</a>
                 , 2700 m, 38.3188°N 119.6634°W (1)  ;  USA: California: Tuolumne Co., Hwy. 108, stream  SE of Chipmunk Flat, 2440 m (1); USA: California: Tuolumne Co., Deadman Creek at junction with  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -119.6652/lat 38.3174)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-119.6652&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.3174">Blue Canyon Creek</a>
                 , 2665 m, 38.3174°N 119.6652°W (1)  ;   USA: California: Mono Co., snow field above  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -119.2318/lat 37.9345)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-119.2318&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.9345">Ellery Lake</a>
                 , 37.9345°N 119.2318°W (2)  ;   USA: California: Mono Co., H. M. Hall Natural Area,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -119.2838/lat 37.9591)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-119.2838&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.9591">Lee Vining Creek</a>
                 , 3020 m, 37.9591°N 119.2838°W  (1). 
            </p>
            <p> Derivation of specific epithet: Derived from Greek roots, with ‘ oro ’ meaning ‘mountain’, and ‘ maia ’ meaning ‘good mother’, or ‘caregiver’. Thus, the name connotes ‘good mother of the mountain’ or ‘caregiver of the mountains’. The name recognizes the contribution of Elizabeth C. Sproul to the present work. Mother of George and Pearl mentioned above, Elizabeth has spent hundreds of hours traveling to  breve group localities, guiding young legs up steep trails, waiting at trailheads, recording locality data, and collecting and processing specimens in support of JSS’s dissertation research, and to enable positive associations for George and Pearl. Her steady support has added tremendous physical and emotional energy to the sampling efforts and overall scope of this work. The specific epithet also references the beetles. Distributed at higher elevation than any other members of the group, their elegant appearance inspires imagery of a maternal caregiver high in mountains. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis: This large-bodied black species with long, slender appendages is the most distinctive member of the group (Fig. 3). Forebody and hindbody black, commonly with greenish or bluish metallic lustre. Pronotum narrow relative to elytral width and sinuate laterally; hind angles near 90° (Fig. 11I). Elytra widest behind middle with microsculpture meshes strongly etched in females and moderately etched in males (Fig. 13C). Legs and antennae black, long and slender; first protarsomeres in males quite small (not illustrated as Fig. 3 is a female). Male genitalia distinctive with outer shape having the appearance of being bent basally; flagellum long and sinuate; sclerite ‘St’ elongate, bilobed and heavily sclerotized (Figs 9I, 10I).</p>
            <p> Comparison with similar species: Most easily confused with  B. laxatum from which it is distinguished by having a pronotum which is narrower relative to the elytra, and more sinuate laterally, longer and more slender legs and antennae, smaller first protarsomeres in males, opaque black coloration, and by various male genitalic characters. </p>
            <p>Geographic distribution: Throughout the Sierra Nevada, north to Mount Lassen and the Trinity Alps in California (Fig. 17A).</p>
            <p>Habitat: Open alpine slopes under fairly large rocks on soil, commonly below patches of melting snow. Also present along small alpine creeks.</p>
            <p>Geographic variation: The single specimen we sampled from the Trinity Alps in California has two distinctive bases in 28S (a gene for which all other specimens have identical sequences), but is not notably distinctive in other genes.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/470A7D7EFF6BFFFEFEA2F9D6140E6FEB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Sproul, John S.;Maddison, David R.	Sproul, John S., Maddison, David R. (2018): Cryptic species in the mountaintops: species delimitation and taxonomy of the Bembidion breve species group (Coleoptera: Carabidae) aided by genomic architecture of a century-old type specimen. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183: 556-583
