identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
4630C35A407BFF85FBD4FBBBFE88BF87.text	4630C35A407BFF85FBD4FBBBFE88BF87.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phanacidini Nieves-Aldrey, Nylander, & Ronquist 2015	<div><p>Tribe  Phanacidini Nieves-Aldrey, Nylander, &amp; Ronquist, 2015</p><p>Remarks. Four genera are presently placed in  Phanacidini:  Asiocynips Kovalev, 1982;  Diakontschukia Melika, 2006;  Phanacis Förster, 1869; and  Zerovia Diakontschuk, 1988 .  Phanacidini is highly similar morphologically to two other herb gall wasp tribes,  Aulacideini Nieves-Aldrey, Nylander, &amp; Ronquist, 2015 and  Aylacini Ashmead, 1903 . Updated keys to the tribes of  Cynipidae, as well as updated diagnoses to the herb gall wasp tribes and species checklists, were recently given by Nastasi et al. (in press).  Phanacidini is most readily characterized among cynipid tribes by the dorsomedially long pronotum (Figs. 13–14, 22–23; shorter in  Aylacini and several other tribes such as Cynipini but about the same in  Aulacideini), the lack of a syntergite (Figs. 1–4; metasoma with syntergite in Synergini and others), and the effaced pronotal submedial impression, which is apparent as a single linear indentation (Figs. 13–14, 22–23; apparent as a pair of separated ovate impressions as in  Aylacini and  Aulacideini).As we demonstrated above, the length of F1 relative to F2 is also diagnostic; in  Phanacidini, F1 is always conspicuously longer than F2 (Figs. 5–8). Buffington et al. (2020) and Ronquist et al. (2015) report the partially closed medial cell on the fore wing (Fig. 15) as a character supporting the  Phanacidini; this is almost always the case in the genus  Phanacis, but the marginal cell is entirely open (Fig. 26) or entirely closed in a variety of  Phanacidini species, especially the handful of rare Eastern Palearctic species placed in the other three phanacidine genera.</p><p>Beyond these, an additional character has been mentioned in the literature. Ronquist et al. (2015) suggested that a narrow mesopectus was also characteristic of  Phanacidini, but this character has not been mentioned in any recent studies on the tribe. We found this to be true of all specimens of  Phanacidini we examined in the present study as well as illustrations of  Asiocynips,  Diakontschukia,  Phanacis, and  Zerovia given in the literature (Kovalev 1982, Diakontschuk 1988, 2001, Melika 2006). We have seen that the mesopectus in  Phanacidini is usually about 2.0× as tall as wide, but only about 1.4–1.7× as tall as wide in the  Aulacideini and  Aylacini (Nastasi, pers. obs.), suggesting that this could indeed be a useful character for separating the herb gall wasp tribes. However, various phanacidines such as  Phanacis neserorum Melika &amp; Prinsloo, 2007 seem to violate this; we examined images of the holotype and a non-type specimen of  P. neserorum available on WaspWeb (van Noort 2025; available at https://web.archive. org/web/20200815142435/https://www.waspweb.org/  Cynipoidea /  Cynipidae /  Cynipinae /  Phanacidini /  Phanacis /  Phanacis_neserorum .htm&amp;sa=D&amp;source=docs&amp;ust=1741126825100540&amp;usg=AOvVaw16E1tCmCegKHwjQNJ zuKYn) and found that the mesopectus is about 1.7× as long as wide. Illustrations of other  Phanacidini given by Melika (2006) show a similar ratio, but examining specimens would be preferable before assessing the mesopectus dimensions further. As a result, this character may not be useful as a diagnostic character for the herb gall wasp tribes but could instead be useful for delimiting Phanacini genera if broadly assessed in further studies.</p><p>Another character worthy of further investigation is the size and sculpture of the first metasomal tergite. In the specimens of  Phanacidini we studied here, the first metasomal tergite was frequently large and at least partly sculptured (Figs. 16, 27). In the specimens of  Aulacideini we examined, the first metasomal tergite is always smaller and smooth, entirely without conspicuous sculpture. The size, shape, and sculpture of the first metasomal tergite has been applied as a diagnostic character separating other cynipoid tribes and genera, especially among inquiline gall wasps (Lobato-Vila &amp; Pujade-Villar 2019, Buffington et al. 2020, Nastasi et al. 2024a). However, the first tergite has infrequently been characterized in illustrations and descriptions in the literature. As a result, specimenbased consideration of the first tergite across herb gall wasps is needed to further demonstrate the utility of this character.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4630C35A407BFF85FBD4FBBBFE88BF87	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Nastasi, Louis F.;Deans, Andrew R.	Nastasi, Louis F., Deans, Andrew R. (2025): Review of the world genera of Phanacidini (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea: Cynipidae), with the first record from China and a new tribal diagnostic character. Zootaxa 5621 (4): 401-419, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5621.4.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5621.4.1
4630C35A407AFF86FBD4F89BFA10BFFC.text	4630C35A407AFF86FBD4F89BFA10BFFC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phanacidini Nieves-Aldrey, Nylander, & Ronquist 2015	<div><p>Key to the genera of  Phanacidini</p><p>Our review suggests that a new key to the genera of  Phanacidini is warranted given limitations to the previously published key including genera of  Phanacidini . The only published key including all four phanacidine genera is that of Melika (2006), in which genera of  Phanacidini are interspersed within the genera of  Aylacini sensu lato. Some characters in Melika’s key are contradictory or otherwise prevent accurate identification, particularly the wording of characters relating to the transverse pronotal impression characteristic of  Phanacidini . The below key includes all four genera of  Phanacidini, and correctly routes all known species of the likely polyphyletic genus  Phanacis (see further discussion in below taxonomic treatments).</p><p>1 Antenna conspicuously longer than body length. Fore wing areolet absent. Female with 14 antennomeres. Galls in stems of  Epilasia ......................................................................  Zerovia Diakontschuk, 1988</p><p>1’ Antenna conspicuously shorter than body length. Fore wing areolet usually present (Fig.10). Female with 13 or 14 antennomeres. Galls on other hosts................................................................................... 2</p><p>2 Fore wing without conspicuous setae along distal margin (Fig. 26). Head more or less entirely yellow-brown (Figs. 18–19). Fore wing marginal cell entirely open (Fig. 26). Female antenna with 14 antennomeres (Fig. 21). Galls in stems of  Saussurea (Cardueae) ..................................................................  Diakontschukia Melika, 2006</p><p>2’ Fore wing with long setae along distal margin. Head usually dark rufous to black; rarely lighter rufous. Fore wing marginal cell partially or entirely closed. Female antenna with 13 or 14 antennomeres. Galls on other hosts......................... 3</p><p>3 Mesoscutum with well-developed transverse rugose sculpture (e.g., Figs. 23, 25). Female antenna with 13 antennomeres. Fore wing marginal cell entirely closed. Galls in stems of  Cousinia (Cardueae) .....................  Asiocynips Kovalev, 1982</p><p>3’ Mesoscutum without transverse rugose sculpture; alutaceous, coriaceous, or reticulate. Female antenna with 13 or 14 antennomeres. Fore wing marginal cell usually partially closed (Fig. 15); occasionally entirely open or closed. Galls on other hosts, especially several genera of Cichorieae; one species recorded from  Lamiaceae ..............  Phanacis Förster, 1869</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4630C35A407AFF86FBD4F89BFA10BFFC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Nastasi, Louis F.;Deans, Andrew R.	Nastasi, Louis F., Deans, Andrew R. (2025): Review of the world genera of Phanacidini (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea: Cynipidae), with the first record from China and a new tribal diagnostic character. Zootaxa 5621 (4): 401-419, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5621.4.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5621.4.1
4630C35A4079FF86FBD4FCBAFF65B880.text	4630C35A4079FF86FBD4FCBAFF65B880.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Asiocynips Kovalev 1982	<div><p>Asiocynips Kovalev, 1982</p><p>Asiocynips Kovalev, 1982: 88 . Type species:  Asiocynips pannucea Kovalev, 1982 by original designation.</p><p>Diagnosis.  Asiocynips is distinguished from other genera of  Phanacidini based on the following combination of characters: antenna shorter than body; fore wing marginal cell entirely closed; fore wing areolet present; fore wing with conspicuous marginal setae; mesoscutum with conspicuous transverse rugose sculpture; female antenna with 13 antennomeres.  Asiocynips also has the notauli more or less indistinct, although this character is found in various other  Phanacidini . See also diagnosis to  Diakontschukia Melika, 2006 .</p><p>Diversity. Four species of  Asiocynips are known:  A. caulina Diakontschuk, 1988;  A. cousiniae Diakontschuk, 1988;  A. lugubris Kovalev, 1982;  A. pannucea Kovalev, 1982 (Nastasi et al. in press).</p><p>Biology. Species of  Asiocynips induce galls on the stems of  Cousinia Cass. ( Asteraceae: Cardueae);  A. caulina and  A. cousiniae are associated with  C. bipinnata Boiss. and  C. refracta Jur. respectively (Diakontschuk 1988, Nastasi et al. in press). The  Cousinia species used by  A. lugubris and  A. pannucea are unknown (Kovalev, 1982).</p><p>Remarks. Species of  Asiocynips were illustrated by Kovalev (1982), Diakontschuk (1988), and Melika (2006).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4630C35A4079FF86FBD4FCBAFF65B880	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Nastasi, Louis F.;Deans, Andrew R.	Nastasi, Louis F., Deans, Andrew R. (2025): Review of the world genera of Phanacidini (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea: Cynipidae), with the first record from China and a new tribal diagnostic character. Zootaxa 5621 (4): 401-419, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5621.4.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5621.4.1
4630C35A4079FF86FBD4FA38FECCBABF.text	4630C35A4079FF86FBD4FA38FECCBABF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diakontschukia Melika 2006	<div><p>Diakontschukia Melika, 2006</p><p>Figs. 17–27</p><p>Diakontschukia Melika, 2006: 83 . Type species:  Phanacis saussureae Diakontschuk, 2001 by original designation.</p><p>Diagnosis.  Diakontschukia is diagnosed by the following combination of characters: antenna shorter than body; fore wing marginal cell entirely open (Fig. 26); fore wing areolet present (Fig. 26); fore wing without conspicuous marginal setae (Fig. 26); mesoscutum with conspicuous transverse rugose sculpture (Figs. 23, 25); female antenna with 14 antennomeres (Fig. 21); head yellowish (Figs 18–19). The mesoscutal sculpture makes  Diakontschukia similar to  Asiocynips, but the two are easily distinguished by the marginal cell (open in  Diakontschukia but closed in  Asiocynips) and the number of antennomeres in the female (14 in  Diakontschukia but 13 in  Asiocynips).</p><p>Diversity. Monotypic; includes only the type species  D. saussureae (Diakontschuk, 2001) .</p><p>Biology. The single known species induces stem galls on  Saussurea neopulchella Fish. and  S. pulchella (Fiscj.) (Melika 2006) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4630C35A4079FF86FBD4FA38FECCBABF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Nastasi, Louis F.;Deans, Andrew R.	Nastasi, Louis F., Deans, Andrew R. (2025): Review of the world genera of Phanacidini (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea: Cynipidae), with the first record from China and a new tribal diagnostic character. Zootaxa 5621 (4): 401-419, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5621.4.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5621.4.1
4630C35A4077FF8BFBD4FAB9FE5EBC8B.text	4630C35A4077FF8BFBD4FAB9FE5EBC8B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diakontschukia saussureae (Diakontschuk 2001) Melika 2006	<div><p>Diakontschukia saussureae (Diakontschuk, 2001)</p><p>Figs. 1–11</p><p>Phanacis saussureae Diakontschuk, 2001: 91 .</p><p>Diakontschukia saussureae (Diakontschuk) Melika 2006: 83 .</p><p>Material examined.  1 ♀ deposited at BIOUG —   China: Shaanxi: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-107.711&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.088" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -107.711/lat 34.088)">Haopingsi Nature Reserve Station</a>; 34.088, - 107.711; 15 June 2012; Zhaofu Yang coll.; BIOUG14419  -H03.</p><p>Redescription. Female (Fig. 17)—Body 3.2 mm in length (n = 1). Head more or less entirely yellowish brown; mesosoma entirely black; metasoma contrasting rufous. Antennae yellowish brown throughout. Legs yellowish brown; apical tarsomeres moderately infuscated relative to preceding leg segments.</p><p>Head (Figs 18–19). Subtrapezoidal in anterior view, much wider than tall; genae only slightly expanded posterior to compound eyes. Sculpture excluding facial radiating striae alutaceous to reticulate. POL:LOL:OOL: DLO approximately 15:7:11:5; POL conspicuously longer than OOL and slightly more than twice LOL. Compound eye in anterior view about 1.5× as long as malar space. Facial radiating striae narrow, relatively weakly impressed; incomplete, reaching only about halfway to compound eye. Clypeus trapezoidal, slightly projecting over mandibles ventrally; clypeo-pleurostomal lines strongly divergent ventrally.</p><p>Antenna (Figs 20–21). With 14 antennomeres; conspicuously shorter than body length. Conspicuous placodeal sensilla present on F2 and following flagellomeres. Pedicel much shorter than F1. F1 much longer than F2, 1.3× as long. F1 3.2× as long as wide. F2 2.3× as long as wide.</p><p>Mesosoma (Figs 22–25). Pronotum dorsomedial height slightly more than 1/3 lateral height; submedial pits effaced, apparent as a single transverse impression; pronotal plate incomplete, with lateral sutures ending long before reaching posterior pronotum; sculpture excluding pronotal plate alutaceous to reticulate, with some diffuse rugose sculpture present laterally. Mesopleuron mostly rugose-reticulate; with diffuse rugose sculpture anteroventrally but with stronger longitudinal rugose sculpture in posterior half. Mesopleural triangle conspicuously impressed, densely setose throughout. Mesoscutum reticulate with conspicuous longitudinal rugose sculpture throughout; with only sparse, scattered setae. Notauli very shallowly impressed; incomplete, indistinct in about anterior half of mesoscutum and barely perceptible posteriorly. Median mesoscutal impression absent. Mesoscutellum rugose-reticulate throughout. Mesoscutellar foveae subrectangular; short, occupying about anterior fifth of mesoscutellum; narrowly separated; posterior margins moderately well defined; with rugose-reticulate sculpture within margins; without a few setae within margins. Metapleuron rugose-reticulate with relatively dense pilosity throughout. Propodeal carinae conspicuous as pair of lateral carinae; more or less subparallel throughout, gently curved in ventral third.</p><p>Fore wing (Fig. 26). Setose throughout. Veins dark brown. Marginal cell entirely open; veins R1 and Rs terminating before reaching anterior wing margin; 2.6× as long as wide. Areolet present; relatively large and welldefined. Distal margin without conspicuous marginal setae.</p><p>Metasoma (Figs 17; 27). Subequal to length of mesosoma in lateral view; about 1.7× as long as wide. First tergite large and with conspicuous striate sculpture. Second tergite without conspicuous setose patch; with sparse micropunctation ventrally in posterior half.Third and following metasomal tergites with conspicuous micropunctation throughout.</p><p>Male–Unknown.</p><p>Remarks. The specimen we examined perfectly agrees with the species description given by Diakontschuk (2001) and the description of  Diakontschukia given by Melika (2006). Some areas of the specimen are somewhat obscured by debris (e.g., Fig. 25), presumably salts that accumulated as a result of DNA extraction. Luckily, all major taxonomic characters are clearly visible on the specimen despite these minor obstructions. While the DNA barcode of the specimen was previously sequenced by BIOUG, the resulting sequence (BOLD ID GMCHK383-14) was relatively short (600 bases with gaps in 12 positions), thus preventing us from presenting an analysis of DNA data in this study.</p><p>Given the characters of this specimen,  Diakontschukia belongs to the  Phanacidini rather than the  Aulacideini, especially based on the pronotal pits which are modified into a single effaced linear impression (apparent as separate ovate impressions in  Aulacideini) (Ronquist et al. 2015, Buffington et al. 2020, Nastasi et al. in press) and has F1 conspicuously longer than F2 (see above). Placement of  Diakontschukia in  Phanacidini will be confirmed via molecular data in a forthcoming study of UCEs, for which the DNA extract of the studied specimen was retrieved from BIOUG and submitted for library preparation (Nastasi et al., unpublished).</p><p>In the same paper describing  Diakontschukia saussureae, Diakontschuk (2001) also described the aylacine genus and species  Donum jacuticum for a specimen reared from a flowerhead of  Saussurea . We attempted to find additional records of this genus in the literature as it evidently was not mentioned by Melika (2006) in his revision of Eastern Palearctic  Cynipidae nor assigned to a revised herb gall wasp tribe by Ronquist et al. (2015) or Nastasi et al. (in press). We found that the genus had been transferred to the  Figitidae in a paper reviewing the  Cynipoidea types deposited at the Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology (SIZK) (Zerova et al. 2006) but had never been assigned to a subordinate taxon within  Figitidae, thus appearing absent from lists of both cynipid and figitid genera given by Ronquist et al. (2015), Buffington et al. (2020), and others. After conferring with experts of  Figitidae, the species almost certainly belongs to the Figitinae based on Diakontschuk’s description and illustrations and is probably a close relative or junior synonym of  Amphithectus areolatus (Hartig) (M. Forshage &amp; M. Buffington, pers. comm.). Study of the type material deposited at SIZK will be necessary to substantiate the placement of the genus and species within the  Figitidae .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4630C35A4077FF8BFBD4FAB9FE5EBC8B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Nastasi, Louis F.;Deans, Andrew R.	Nastasi, Louis F., Deans, Andrew R. (2025): Review of the world genera of Phanacidini (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea: Cynipidae), with the first record from China and a new tribal diagnostic character. Zootaxa 5621 (4): 401-419, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5621.4.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5621.4.1
4630C35A4074FF8EFBD4F9A1FBDBB95B.text	4630C35A4074FF8EFBD4F9A1FBDBB95B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phanacis Forster 1869	<div><p>Phanacis Förster, 1869</p><p>Figs. 1–3, 28–30, 31–34</p><p>Phanacis Förster, 1869: 145 . Type species:  Phanacis centaureae Förster, 1869 by original designation.</p><p>Gillettea Ashmead, 1897: 69 . Type species:  Gillettea taraxaci Ashmead, 1897 by original designation. Synonymized by Eady &amp; Quinlan (1963: 18).</p><p>Timaspis Mayr, 1881: 18 . Type species:  Diastrophus lampsanae Karsch, 1878 as designated by Ashmead (1903). Synonymized by Eady &amp; Quinlan (1963) prior to being reinstated by Nieves-Aldrey (1994a) but later synonymized again by Melika (2006).</p><p>Aylacopsis Hedicke, 1923: 81 . Type species:  Aylacopsis heraclei Hedicke, 1923 by original designation. Synonymized by Nieves-Aldrey (1994a).</p><p>Parapanteliella Diakontschuk, 1981: 1726 . Type species:  Parapanteliella eugeniae Diakontschuk, 1981 by original designation. Synonymized by Melika (2006).</p><p>Diagnosis.  Phanacis as presently circumscribed is diagnosed by the following combination of characters: antenna shorter than body (e.g., Fig. 28); fore wing areolet present, rarely nearly eliminated (Fig. 15); fore wing with conspicuous marginal setae; mesoscutum with alutaceous to reticulate sculpture; female antenna with 13 or 14 antennomeres.</p><p>Diversity. 35 species, of which  Phanacis hypochoeridis (Kieffer),  P. taraxaci (Ashmead), and others have become widely introduced outside their native ranges (van Noort et al. 2015, Nastasi et al. 2024a, in press). A complete checklist of species including host plants and geographic distribution was recently given by Nastasi et al. (in press).</p><p>Biology. Galls induced by  Phanacis are most frequently formed in the stem tissue (Figs. 31–34), but some species instead induce galls in the flowers, roots, or leaves (Melika 2006, Şchiopu et al. 2024). Host plant genera known for  Phanacis are  Carthamus L.,  Centaurea L.,  Cichorium L.,  Cirsium Mill.,  Cousinia Cass.,  Crepis L.,  Helminthotheca Vaill.,  Hypochaeris L.,  Lactuca L.,  Lapsana L.,  Osteospermum L.,  Picris L.,  Serratula L.,  Silybum Adans.,  Sonchus L.,  Taraxacum F.H.Wigg.,  Urospermum Scop. ( Asteraceae);  Phlomis L. ( Lamiaceae) (Melika 2006, Nastasi et al. in press). Use of the genera  Eryngium Tourn. and  Heracleum L. ( Apiaceae) have also been reported, but these are almost certainly misidentifications of morphologically similar  Asteraceae (Nastasi et al. in press).</p><p>Remarks.  Phanacis presently comprises a nonmonophyletic assemblage of species distributed throughout the Old World with the exception of numerous species that have been introduced across the globe (Ronquist et al. 2015, Buffington et al. 2020, Nastasi et al. in press). Ronquist et al. (2015) found that  Asiocynips rendered  Phanacis (including  Timaspis) paraphyletic despite only including 7 species of  Phanacidini in their analysis. Previous authors have frequently recognized  Timaspis Mayr, 1881 for a group of species presently placed in  Phanacis (e.g., Nieves-Aldrey 1994a), but circumscriptions of either genus have still resulted in unfavorable generic concepts (Melika 2006, Şchiopu et al. 2024). A comprehensive revision of  Phanacis incorporating phylogenetic analysis will be necessary to approach the assessment of generic limits, especially as the majority of species are known only from the Eastern Palearctic and are not well-characterized in the literature. Given the high degree of morphological diversity in  Phanacis, it is likely that some genera presently synonymized with  Phanacis will warrant recognition as valid genera in further studies.  Timaspis in particular presents highly distinct morphology (Nieves-Aldrey, pers. comm.) and should be prioritized in further validity assessments for  Phanacidini taxa.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4630C35A4074FF8EFBD4F9A1FBDBB95B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Nastasi, Louis F.;Deans, Andrew R.	Nastasi, Louis F., Deans, Andrew R. (2025): Review of the world genera of Phanacidini (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea: Cynipidae), with the first record from China and a new tribal diagnostic character. Zootaxa 5621 (4): 401-419, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5621.4.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5621.4.1
4630C35A4071FF8EFBD4FB40FBB4BB25.text	4630C35A4071FF8EFBD4FB40FBB4BB25.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zerovia Diakontschuk 1988	<div><p>Zerovia Diakontschuk, 1988</p><p>Zerovia Diakontschuk, 1988: 166 . Type species:  Zerovia asiaemediae Diakontschuk, 1988 by original designation.</p><p>Diagnosis.  Zerovia is diagnosed by the following combination of characters: antenna longer than body; fore wing marginal cell entirely closed; fore wing areolet absent; fore wing with conspicuous marginal setae; mesoscutum with alutaceous to reticulate sculpture; female antenna with 14 antennomeres.</p><p>Diversity. Monotypic; includes only the species  Z. asiaemediae .</p><p>Biology. The single known species induces galls on stems of  Epilasia (Bunge) ( Asteraceae: Cichorieae), although the exact host species is unknown (Diakontschuk, 1988).</p><p>Remarks.  Zerovia was illustrated by Diakontschuk (1988) and Melika (2006).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4630C35A4071FF8EFBD4FB40FBB4BB25	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Nastasi, Louis F.;Deans, Andrew R.	Nastasi, Louis F., Deans, Andrew R. (2025): Review of the world genera of Phanacidini (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea: Cynipidae), with the first record from China and a new tribal diagnostic character. Zootaxa 5621 (4): 401-419, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5621.4.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5621.4.1
