taxonID	type	description	language	source
447D878FFFDEFFB1FEE9982AFEE0FA57.taxon	materials_examined	Type species	en	Ong, Elise, Hallas, Joshua M., Gosliner, Terrence M. (2017): Like a bat out of heaven: the phylogeny and diversity of the bat-winged slugs (Heterobranchia: Gastropteridae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 180: 755-789
447D878FFFD3FFBCFCEA9CE4FBF7FDAC.taxon	description	(FIGS 1 C, D, 4 B, 5, 6) LSID urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 025 F 1253 - A 0 D 7 - 4 D 2 A- B 332 - CE 30 DF 011436	en	Ong, Elise, Hallas, Joshua M., Gosliner, Terrence M. (2017): Like a bat out of heaven: the phylogeny and diversity of the bat-winged slugs (Heterobranchia: Gastropteridae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 180: 755-789
447D878FFFD3FFBCFCF09F22FBABFBB2.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype, dissected, NMP 041181, originally CASIZ 199130, Mainit Bubbles (13.68688 ° N 120.89564 ° E), Mabini, Batangas, Luzon, Philippines, 5 m depth, 3 May 2014, Alexis Principe. Paratype, CASIZ 186048, one specimen, Anilao Pier (13.76001 ° N 120.92615 ° E), Mabini, Batangas, Luzon, Philippines, 5 m depth, 30 April 2011, T. Gosliner. Type locality Mainit Bubbles (13.68688 ° N 120.89564 ° E), Mabini, Batangas, Luzon, Philippines.	en	Ong, Elise, Hallas, Joshua M., Gosliner, Terrence M. (2017): Like a bat out of heaven: the phylogeny and diversity of the bat-winged slugs (Heterobranchia: Gastropteridae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 180: 755-789
447D878FFFD0FFBFFF609C40FD34FDDC.taxon	materials_examined	Type species	en	Ong, Elise, Hallas, Joshua M., Gosliner, Terrence M. (2017): Like a bat out of heaven: the phylogeny and diversity of the bat-winged slugs (Heterobranchia: Gastropteridae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 180: 755-789
447D878FFFD6FFB9FF229870FD31FA46.taxon	materials_examined	Type species	en	Ong, Elise, Hallas, Joshua M., Gosliner, Terrence M. (2017): Like a bat out of heaven: the phylogeny and diversity of the bat-winged slugs (Heterobranchia: Gastropteridae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 180: 755-789
447D878FFFD6FFB9FF7A9BD4FB59FDB4.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype, dissected, NMP 041183, originally CASIZ 199134, Cemetery Beach (13.68428 ° N 120.83024 ° E), Tingloy, Batangas, Luzon, Philippines, 7 m depth, 2 May 2014, T. Gosliner. Paratypes: CASIZ 199126, one specimen, Cemetery Beach (13.68428 ° N 120.83024 ° E), Tingloy, Batangas, Luzon, Philippines, 7 m depth, 2 May 2014, T. Gosliner. CASIZ 199129, three specimens, Cemetery Beach (13.68428 ° N 120.83024 ° E), Tingloy, Batangas, Luzon, Philippines, 7 m depth, 6 May 2014, T. Gosliner. Type locality Cemetery Beach (13.68428 ° N 120.83024 ° E), Tingloy, Batangas, Luzon, Philippines.	en	Ong, Elise, Hallas, Joshua M., Gosliner, Terrence M. (2017): Like a bat out of heaven: the phylogeny and diversity of the bat-winged slugs (Heterobranchia: Gastropteridae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 180: 755-789
447D878FFFCDFFA3FCEC98F9FD7CFEBE.taxon	description	(FIGS 14 C, 17 C, D, 18, 19) LSID urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 9 E 247 ACD- 9 C 5 B- 49 A 4 - BE 53 - B 8 A 62 C 7 C 6961	en	Ong, Elise, Hallas, Joshua M., Gosliner, Terrence M. (2017): Like a bat out of heaven: the phylogeny and diversity of the bat-winged slugs (Heterobranchia: Gastropteridae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 180: 755-789
447D878FFFCDFFA3FCEC98F9FD7CFEBE.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype, dissected, NMP 041186, ex CASIZ 199113, one specimen, Bilbago Reef South, Calatagan (13.929165 ° N 120.612299 ° E), Batangas, Luzon, Philippines, 7 m depth, 17 May 2014, T. Gosliner. Type locality B i l b a g o R e e f S o u t h, C a l a t a g a n (1 3.9 2 9 1 6 5 ° N 120.612299 ° E), Batangas, Luzon, Philippines.	en	Ong, Elise, Hallas, Joshua M., Gosliner, Terrence M. (2017): Like a bat out of heaven: the phylogeny and diversity of the bat-winged slugs (Heterobranchia: Gastropteridae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 180: 755-789
447D878FFFC2FFADFF6C983DFD64F8CE.taxon	description	(FIGS 14 D, 20, 21, 22) LSID urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: C 4 E 5 B 8 E 4 - 5 C 13 - 4 D 08 - 9 E 7 C-CCC 19 FCDC 1 F 0 Type material Holotype, dissected, NMP 041187, ex CASIZ 204849, one specimen, La Laguna, Puerto Galera (13.525953 ° N 120.970160 ° E), Mindoro Oriental, Philippines, 20 m depth, 26 April 2015, T. Gosliner. Type locality L a L a g u n a, P u e r t o G a l e r a (1 3. 5 2 5 9 5 3 ° N 120.970160 ° E), Mindoro Oriental, Philippines.	en	Ong, Elise, Hallas, Joshua M., Gosliner, Terrence M. (2017): Like a bat out of heaven: the phylogeny and diversity of the bat-winged slugs (Heterobranchia: Gastropteridae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 180: 755-789
447D878FFFC5FFABFF4898DFFB24F9C1.taxon	description	tigrinum are 10.2 % divergent. In contrast, allopatric conspecific Hawai’ian and Philippine specimens of Gastropteron minutum are 3.2 % divergent. Widely separated specimens of some apparent conspecifics exhibit some intriguing patterns of divergence. A Red Sea specimen of Sagaminopteron nigropunctatum is 8.8 % different to a specimen of what has been considered the same species from the Philippines. Three western Pacific specimens of S. psychedelicum from Australia, Papua New Guinea and the Philippines are 1.1 – 1.4 % divergent to each other, whereas the specimen from Madagascar is 11.1 – 12.3 % divergent to the western Pacific specimens. The data for both S. nigropunctatum and S. psychedelicum strongly suggest that the Red Sea and western Indian Ocean specimens of these species represent distinct cryptic species and are in need of more detailed study. The western Pacific and western Indian Ocean specimens of S. tigrinum are strongly divergent (12.3 %). In fact, S. michaeli is more similar to the western Indian Ocean specimen of S. tigrinum (8.1 %) than the two S. tigrinum specimens are related to each other. It appears that the species listed as S. brunneomarginatum by Anthes et al. (2008) represents a distinct taxon from the specimen identified as S. brunneomarginatum and sequenced in this study as these two taxa are 14.8 % divergent in their COI sequences and 10.5 % divergent from its closest relative, S. tigrinum. The identity of this taxon remains questionable and no voucher specimens exist. RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN MORPHOLOGY AND MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY Much of the comparative anatomy and phylogenetic relationships based on morphological characters were presented by Gosliner (1989). In that study, four genera were distinguished: Gastropteron, Enotepteron, Sagaminopteron and Siphopteron with Gastropteron and Enotepteron as sister taxa and with Sagaminopteron and Siphopteron as sister taxa. Anthes et al. (2008) found a similar arrangement of taxa but did not include any species of Enotepteron in their molecular analysis. In their study, S. pohnpei nested with species of Sagaminopteron rather than with species of Siphopteron. In this study, we find a similar result with both S. pohnpei and S. multimaculatum nesting within Sagaminopteron and have placed these taxa within this genus. No suitably preserved specimens of Enotepteron were available to include in the molecular analysis and the specimen initially identified as Enotepteron sp. is nested within Siphopteron, as clade 2, and was likely misidentified. This species is the sister to the remainder of Siphopteron, but was not observed alive. Three of the four genera of Gastropteridae recognized by Gosliner (1989) were studied here. Of those, only Sagaminopteron is strongly supported as monophyletic, while Gastropteron and Siphopteron are not. Nevertheless, they have morphological synapomorphies that support their continued use until more robust phylogenies are developed. Gosliner (1989) noted that species of Gastropteron had a synapomorphy of possessing a triangular thickening on the inner lateral tooth that is also present in G. multo and G. minutum, described here (Figs 3 C, 6 C, indicated by arrow). The same is true for Siphopteron. While we transferred Sagaminopteron pohnpei together with its sister taxon, S. multimaculatum to Sagaminopteron, the remaining species of Siphopteron all have a complex penis and narrow, triangular inner lateral teeth with a reduced number of denticles, attributes that are considered to be synapomorphies in the morphological phylogeny of Gosliner (1989). While the monophyly of Gastropteron and Siphopteron was not supported, the various well-supported clades recovered in our molecular phylogeny have strong morphological correlates. In Gastropteron, the strongly supported subclade that includes G. multo and G. bicornutum, both sister taxa have a pair of posterior flagella, whereas in the strongly supported subclade of G. minutum and G. rubrum have only a single flagellum. Unfortunately, molecular data are not available for other species of Gastropteron to ascertain, for example, whether the Indo-Pacific G. minutum is indeed most closely related to the Atlantic G. rubrum or whether other taxa from different geographical regions are more closely related to these two taxa. Inclusion of these taxa in the future is necessary for further testing the monophyly of Gastropteron, which was not supported in this study.	en	Ong, Elise, Hallas, Joshua M., Gosliner, Terrence M. (2017): Like a bat out of heaven: the phylogeny and diversity of the bat-winged slugs (Heterobranchia: Gastropteridae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 180: 755-789
