taxonID	type	description	language	source
4849BA339220FFD68B6020F6E93DFA90.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Phasma (Bacteria) coenosum Gray, 1833: 28, pl. 2: 2 [= Candovia coenosa], by original monotypy. Remarks: Brock & Hasenpusch, 2007: 7, 70 (removed from synonymy with Hyrtacus Stål, 1875, in which it had been placed by Kirby, 1904: 331). Brunner, 1907: 301 [listed the type species as a synonym of Hyrtacus eutrachelia (Westwood, 1859)], Vickery, 1983: 7 (reinstated the type species as valid, as Hyrtacus coenosa). For other references, see Brock et al. (2021), but it is notable that Westwood (1859: 33) regarded the figure in Gray (1833) as being ‘ too large and robust’ but he rightly points out that the female body has ‘ shrunk in various parts’ and this is an accurate assessment. He illustrated a potential male on pl. 27: 2. To further add to confusion, several species currently in Candovia were regarded as belonging to Parasipyloidea Redtenbacher, 1908 by Vickery (1983) and Balderson et al. (1998); hence Brock & Hasenpusch, 2007 placed all Australian Parasipyloidea species and Candovia coenosa in Candovia, as a temporary step, in the knowledge that this needed splitting and that several other undescribed wingless, and even winged, species appeared to belong to this genus. Description: Small to medium-sized (40 – 89 mm), plain or mottled, in nature brown or green, sometimes (as in type species and some others) with central black marks at end of most body segments, usually wingless (if winged, can be short-winged in female), elongate (one species group with plumper females), moderately long to long-legged phasmids, with the body smooth, granulated or with sparse tubercles, the latter particularly conspicuous in females. Cerci short in both sexes. Head at least as long as, or slightly longer than, wide. Head, pronotum and mesonotum smooth, sparsely or extensively granulose with some tubercles possibly present on mesonotum and metanotum, including laterally. Antennae exceeding length of forelegs, with numerous segments (up to 132); two basal segments broadened. Pronotum slightly shorter or equal in length to head, mesonotum long, 4.9 – 6.4 × length of pronotum; mesonotum 1.5 – 2.4 × combined length of metanotum and the shorter median segment. Wingless, except wings known in two species so far, which are short in the female of one species (forewings short, hindwings tiny) and hindwings in male reach up to just beyond the end of the fifth abdominal segment. Anal segment in female rounded at tip, may be slightly incised in centre, with supra-anal plate just visible beneath. Operculum not broad, rounded at tip, almost reaching end of ninth abdominal segment to beyond it. Anal segment tip in male slightly triangular emarginated, poculum a modest size with rounded tip, reaching just over half length of ninth abdominal segment. Cerci short, slender but sometimes stout and hairy. Legs long, smooth; hindlegs reaching in excess of elongate abdomen (midlegs longer than many phasmids, only slightly shorter than hindlegs, except for some species in C. strumosa group, which have midlegs short, only just reaching beyond end of hind femora when set near body). Egg: oval or nearly so, or almost rectangular, some species with low raised, broad mound-like structure on operculum (Supporting Information, Fig. S 3). Micropylar plate elliptical or spear-shaped. Capsule rugged appearance, with various sculpturing and sometimes pitted. Distribution: Australia.	en	Forni, Giobbe, Cussigh, Alex, Brock, Paul D., Jones, Braxton R., Nicolini, Filippo, Martelossi, Jacopo, Luchetti, Andrea, Mantovani, Barbara (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Australian stick insect genus Candovia (Phasmida: Necrosciinae): insight from molecular systematics and species-delimitation approaches. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 197: 189-210
4849BA339221FFD78AD8228FEF5AFD54.taxon	description	Candovia robinsoni [Robinson’s stick insect] (Brock & Hasenpusch, 2007): New South Wales, Queensland. Candovia wollumbinensis [Wollumbin stick insect] [= Candovia sp. H]: New South Wales.	en	Forni, Giobbe, Cussigh, Alex, Brock, Paul D., Jones, Braxton R., Nicolini, Filippo, Martelossi, Jacopo, Luchetti, Andrea, Mantovani, Barbara (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Australian stick insect genus Candovia (Phasmida: Necrosciinae): insight from molecular systematics and species-delimitation approaches. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 197: 189-210
4849BA339221FFD78AD821F2EE9BF89E.taxon	description	Candovia karasi [Karas’s stick insect] [= Candovia sp. C]: Queensland.	en	Forni, Giobbe, Cussigh, Alex, Brock, Paul D., Jones, Braxton R., Nicolini, Filippo, Martelossi, Jacopo, Luchetti, Andrea, Mantovani, Barbara (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Australian stick insect genus Candovia (Phasmida: Necrosciinae): insight from molecular systematics and species-delimitation approaches. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 197: 189-210
4849BA339221FFD78AD821F2EE9BF89E.taxon	description	CANDOVIA ALATA BROCK & JONES SP. NOV. (SUPPORTING INFORMATION, FIG. S 4 A FOR FEMALE AND S 4 B FOR MALE) [winged candovia] Z o o b a n k r e g i s t r a t i o n: u r n: l s i d: z o o b a n k. org: act: 099 FF 0 EA- 9365 - 4786 - 94 E 6 - 8 B 5519 ADB 4 EA. Type material: Holotype: ♀, QUEENSLAND, Blackdown Tableland National Park, 23.582 ˚ S, 149.063 ˚ E, 14. iii. 2016, N. Tweed, DNA project PB- 0184 (QM). Paratypes: QUEENSLAND: 1 ♂, same data, DNA project PB- 0185 (QM); 2 ♂♂, same data, DNA project PB- 0186 to PB- 0187 (NHMUK). (Note, all DNA project data was provisionally labelled Candovia sp. E). Eggs also deposited in NHMUK (not paratypes). Overview of both sexes: Elongate body brown in both sexes, with lateral tubercles on thorax. Black line on head between eyes and also black, longitudinal line running length of body. Hindwings dusky brown, modest length. Legs indistinctly mottled. Female (Supporting Information, Fig. S 4 A): Damaged. Head: longer than wide. Antennae long, with numerous indistinct segments; basal segment and shorter segment 2 broader than remaining segments. Thorax: mesonotum with granules and several tubercles laterally. Pronotum slightly shorter than head, with central impression. Mesonotum 4.3 × length of pronotum. Mesonotum 1.5 × combined length of metanotum and median segment, the latter about same length as metanotum. Winged, hindwings of modest length. Abdomen: eighth to tenth segment similar in length. Operculum tapered to pointed tip, reaching end of anal segment; the anal segment has tapered sides towards tip, which is incised in centre. Cerci shorter than anal segment. Legs: long. Male (Supporting Information, Fig. S 4 B): Much slenderer, but similar in general appearance, with more black marks than female. Wings reach up to just beyond up of fifth abdominal segment. Anal segment tip slightly incised in centre; cerci shorter than segment. Poculum not reaching end of ninth abdominal segment. Egg (Supporting Information, Fig. S 3 A): Brown, dark and heavily sculptured in paler brown; broad, almost oval capsule. Micropylar plate pear-shaped, dark brown, surrounded by paler mottled area; whilst central, higher up than eggs of related species. Operculum dome-like and heavily sculptured. Measurements (mm). Length of body: Female 84, male 61 – 64. Head: female 4, male 2. Antennae: female 50 (tip broken), male 57 – 64. Pronotum: female 3.5, male 2. Mesonotum: female 15, male 10 – 11. Metanotum: female 5, male 3.5 – 4.0. Median segment: female 5, male 3.5 – 4.0. Forewings: female 5, male 3. Hindwings: female 36, male 28 – 30. Femora, fore, mid, hind: female 25, 19, 22, male 21 – 22, 16, 21 – 22. Tibiae, fore, mid, hind: female 24, 20, 27, male 25, 17 – 18, 25 – 26. Cerci: female 2.3, male 1.2 – 1.3. Eggs: capsule length 2, width 1.6, height 1.6. Distribution (Fig. 2): This species is so far only known from the Blackdown Tableland National Park. Habitat and foodplants: The species is found in forest edge, foodplants not recorded. Etymology: Named after the presence of wings in this species.	en	Forni, Giobbe, Cussigh, Alex, Brock, Paul D., Jones, Braxton R., Nicolini, Filippo, Martelossi, Jacopo, Luchetti, Andrea, Mantovani, Barbara (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Australian stick insect genus Candovia (Phasmida: Necrosciinae): insight from molecular systematics and species-delimitation approaches. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 197: 189-210
4849BA339222FFD48AE223D3E9A7FB1C.taxon	description	[Byfield stick insect] Z o o b a n k r e g i s t r a t i o n: u r n: l s i d: z o o b a n k. org: act: C 7 C 16 BF 6 - C 376 - 4 D 18 - AB 0 B-B 3770398 D 2 CE. Type material: Holotype: ♀, QUEENSLAND, Byfield, 22.847 ˚ S, 150.650 ˚ E, 13. i. 2013, N. Tweed, DNA project PB- 0327 (QM). Paratypes: QUEENSLAND: 1 ♂, same data, except 09. i. 2013, DNA project PB- 0324 (QM); 1 ♂, same data, 09. i. 2013, DNA project PB- 0325 (NHMUK); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, same data, 18. i. 2013, DNA project PB- 0330 to PB- 0331 (NHMUK); 1 ♀, same data, 15. i. 2013, DNA project PB- 0328; (NHMUK); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Rossmoya Road, The Caves, 23.159 ˚ S, 150.457 ˚ E, 15. i. 2012, DNA project PB- 0271 to PB- 0272 (NHMUK); 1 ♀, same data, 22. i. 2012, DNA project PB- 0258 (NHMUK); 1 ♀, same data, 04. ii. 2012, DNA project PB- 0261 (NHMUK); 1 ♀, Pistol Gap, 10 km SSE of Byfield, 10. i. 1970, Britton, Holloway & Misco (ANIC). (Note, all DNA project data was provisionally labelled Candovia sp. F.) Eggs also deposited in NHMUK (not paratypes). Overview of both sexes: Female body fairly elongate, plain brownish green, head yellowish, mesonotum with sparse whitish tubercles, mainly laterally. Head with suffused blackish band from eyes to back of head. Antennae dark brown. The male has a dark greenish mesonotum and metanotum with pale yellowish brown head, pronotum and abdomen, both with black lines and streaks, including broad, black, median line on whole body, which may be broken in places. Antennae black. Both sexes have eyes with two horizontal, dark mauve to black lines. Female (Supporting Information, Fig. S 5 A): Head: longer than wide. Antennae longer than forelegs, with numerous indistinct segments; basal segment broad and much longer than segment 2. Thorax: pronotum slightly shorter than head, with central impression. Mesonotum about 6 × length of pronotum. Mesonotum 1.7 to 2.0 × combined length of metanotum and short median segment. Wingless. Abdomen: elongate eighth segment longer than ninth; the latter and tenth (anal) segment are of similar size. Operculum tapered to pointed tip, reaching up to half length of segment, which has rounded tip. Cerci short. Legs: moderately long, hindlegs sometimes exceeding tip of abdomen. Male (Supporting Information, Fig. S 5 B): Apart from being much slenderer, similar in general appearance, e x c e p t d i s t i n c t i v e d a r k c o l o u r. A n a l s e g m e n t subtruncate at tip, cerci short, curved. Poculum reaching about half length of ninth abdominal segment. Egg (Supporting Information, Fig. S 3 C): Dark brown, with a modest amount of pale brown sculpturing, almost oval capsule. Micropylar plate central, broad and pointed at tip, slightly lighter shade of brown than capsule ground colour, surrounded by broad pale whitish brown area, as on opercular rim. Operculum with sculptured paler inner circle. Measurements (mm). Length of body: 74 – 88 (holotype 76), male 59 – 68. Head: female 4 – 4.5, male 2.5 – 2.7. Antennae: female 60 – 70, male 55 – 65. Pronotum: female 3, male 2.3. Mesonotum: female 18 – 20, male 14 – 16. Metanotum: female 5.5 – 6.0, male 4 – 5. Median segment: female 3.5 – 4.0, male 2.7 – 3.0. Femora, fore, mid, hind: female 21 – 23, 16 – 18, 20 – 24, male 18 – 22, 18 – 20, 20 – 22. Tibiae, fore, mid, hind: female 24 – 26, 16 – 18, 24 – 27, male 20 – 28, 15 – 21, 22 – 29. Cerci: female 0.5, male 0.5. Eggs: capsule length 1.8, width 1.2, height 1.4. Distribution (Fig. 2): This species is fairly widespread in the Byfield area and also recorded 84 km away at The Caves. Habitat and foodplants: The species is found in rainforest edge and more open areas with saplings, foodplants include Acacia Mill. and Eucalyptus L’Hér. species. Etymology: Named after the main type locality, Byfield, which has some superb rainforest habitat, in gardens as well as national parks.	en	Forni, Giobbe, Cussigh, Alex, Brock, Paul D., Jones, Braxton R., Nicolini, Filippo, Martelossi, Jacopo, Luchetti, Andrea, Mantovani, Barbara (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Australian stick insect genus Candovia (Phasmida: Necrosciinae): insight from molecular systematics and species-delimitation approaches. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 197: 189-210
4849BA339222FFD5894F260AEEFAFECE.taxon	description	[Dalgleish’s stick insect] Z o o b a n k r e g i s t r a t i o n: u r n: l s i d: z o o b a n k. org: act: 93 A 1 D 5 CA- 92 ED- 43 A 1 - 947 D- 503 BD 20 B 6009. Type material: Holotype: ♀, QUEENSLAND, Blackdown Tableland National Park, 23.582 ˚ S, 149.063 ˚ E, ii. 2017, reared by B. Jones, DNA project PB- 0168 (QM). Paratypes: QUEENSLAND: 3 ♂♂, same data, DNA project PB- 0165 to PB- 0167 (QM); 1 ♀, 3 ♂♂, same data, i. 2017, N. Tweed, DNA project PB- 0188 to PB- 0191 (NHMUK). (Note, this DNA project data was provisionally labelled Candovia sp. D.) Overview of both sexes: Elongate, pale greenish female, each side of head with a narrow, part blackish longitudinal band, running from eyes to back of head. Upper part of pronotum with two black lines well separated from narrow black median line, which runs length of body. The male has a dark green thorax (except black pronotum, hind part of mesonotum and metanotum) with pale yellowish brown head and abdomen, both with black streaks. Antennae black. Both sexes have hind part of thoracic and abdominal segments with broad orange band (preceded by indistinct darkish marks and more distinct marks beneath), also brown legs. Eyes paler than head with horizontal black line. Female (Supporting Information, Fig. S 6 A): Head: longer than wide. Antennae long and pale, not as long as forelegs, with numerous indistinct segments, darkened at tip; basal segment and much shorter segment 2 broader than remaining segments. Thorax: smooth, pronotum slightly shorter than head, with central impression. Mesonotum just under 6 × length of pronotum. Mesonotum 1.5 × combined length of metanotum and short median segment. Wingless. Abdomen: elongate. Eighth segment much longer than ninth and tenth (anal), which are of similar size. Operculum tapered to tip, not reaching end of anal segment, which has rounded tip. Cerci short. Legs: elongate. Male (Supporting Information, Fig. S 6 B): Apart from being much slenderer, similar in general appearance, except distinctive dark colour. Anal segment rounded at tip; cerci short. Poculum reaching about half length of ninth abdominal segment. Egg (Supporting Information, Fig. S 3 E): Brown, dark with pale brown sculpturing, almost oval capsule. Micropylar plate central, broad and pointed at tip, lighter shade of brown than capsule ground colour, surrounded by broad pale whitish brown area. Measurements (mm). Length of body: female 89, male 60 – 66. Head: female 4, male 2.5. Antennae: female 25, male 53 (tips broken off in both sexes). Pronotum: female 3.5, male 2.5. Mesonotum: female 20, male 14. Metanotum: female 9, male 6.5. Median segment: female 4, male 3. Femora, fore, mid, hind: female 27, 21, 26, male 22, 22, 24. Tibiae, fore, mid, hind: female 30, 24, 31, male 30, 25, 33. Cerci: female 0.4, male -. Eggs: Capsule length 2.2, width 1.1, height 1.2. Distribution (Fig. 2): This species is widespread, at least in the Blackdown Tableland National Park (Beth Ripper, Noelene Tweed, pers. comm.). Habitat and foodplants: The species is found in forest and often seen paired, where they feed on Acacia and Eucalyptus spp., also accepted in captivity. Etymology: Named after Kirsten Dalgleish, a keen phasmid rearer who travelled a considerable distance to hand PDB samples of live Candovia spp. for molecular work.	en	Forni, Giobbe, Cussigh, Alex, Brock, Paul D., Jones, Braxton R., Nicolini, Filippo, Martelossi, Jacopo, Luchetti, Andrea, Mantovani, Barbara (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Australian stick insect genus Candovia (Phasmida: Necrosciinae): insight from molecular systematics and species-delimitation approaches. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 197: 189-210
4849BA339223FFD289452296ECEFFB62.taxon	description	[Eungella stick insect] Z o o b a n k r e g i s t r a t i o n: u r n: l s i d: z o o b a n k. org: act: 27778 BA 0 - C 336 - 440 F- 82 D 1 - C 0978110 A 3 F 1. Type material: Holotype: ♂, QUEENSLAND, Broken River, Eungella National Park, 21.1681 ˚ S, 148.5044 ˚ E, 19. xi. 2009, P. D. Brock, DNA project PB- 0018 (QM). Paratypes: QUEENSLAND: 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, same data, DNA project PB- 0019 to PB- 0021 (QM). (Note, this DNA project data was provisionally labelled Candovia sp. B), 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, QUEENSLAND, Eungella National Park, late xii. 1992 (the ♀ labels state ‘ laid eggs’ the ♂♂ state reared from eggs laid in laboratory xii. 1992). Hatched 15. ii. 1993 and 15. xii. 1993 respectively (ANIC). Overview of both sexes: Elongate green or brown female, possibly with darker marks and indistinctly banded legs. Male slenderer, brown with black marks laterally on pronotum, hind part of mesonotum, metanotum (more indistinct or absent in female), including specks on abdomen, apices of femora and tibiae. Whitish marks may also be present laterally. Head and pronotum with sometimes indistinct darker marks. Both sexes with black lines from eyes to back of head, orange mouthparts and eyes brown or orange with two horizontal black lines. Thorax granules and tubercles sometimes whitish. Dullorange bands may be present on hind part of all thoracic and abdominal segments, with small black central mark, but this seems occasional and mainly in some females. Female (Supporting Information, Fig. S 7 A): Head: slightly longer than wide. Antennae long, with numerous indistinct segments; basal segment and shorter segment 2 broader than remaining segments. Thorax: with granules and tubercles, the latter more on mesonotum. Pronotum about same length as head, with central impression. Mesonotum up to 4.4 × length of pronotum. Mesonotum 2.4 × combined length of metanotum and median segment, the latter slightly longer than metanotum. Wingless. Abdomen: ridged, with granules. Eighth segment longer than ninth which is longer than tenth (anal) segment. Operculum tapered to tip, just exceeding end of segment 9; the anal segment has tapered sides towards tip. Cerci short. Legs: moderately long. Male (Supporting Information, Fig. S 7 B): Slenderer, but similar in general appearance, except for distinctive body patterning. Anal segment rounded at tip; cerci short. Poculum about reaching end of ninth abdominal segment. Egg (Supporting Information, Fig. S 3 F): Brown, dark with paler brown mottled sculpturing, broad almost oval capsule. Micropylar plate central, broad and pointed at tip, lighter shade of brown than capsule, surrounded by paler mottled area. Operculum dome-like and heavily sculptured. Measurements (mm). Length of body: female 71 – 75, male 53 – 55. Head: female 4 – 5, male 2.5. Antennae: female 54 – 60, male 60. Pronotum: female 4 – 5, male 2.3. Mesonotum: female 17 – 18, male 10. Metanotum: female 3.3 – 4.0, male 3.5. Median segment: female 3.7, male 3.5 – 4.8. Femora, fore, mid, hind: female 22, 16, 20, male 18, 12, 17. Tibiae, fore, mid, hind: female 22, 14, 21, male 18, 11, 17. Cerci: female 1, male 0.8. Eggs: Capsule length 2.2, width 1.6, height 1.8. Distribution (Fig. 2): This species is so far only known from Eungella National Park. Habitat and foodplants: The species is found in forest edge, feeding on Eucalyptus spp. and others. Etymology: Named after the type locality, Eungella National Park, a superb area of subtropical rainforest, well known for its platypuses.	en	Forni, Giobbe, Cussigh, Alex, Brock, Paul D., Jones, Braxton R., Nicolini, Filippo, Martelossi, Jacopo, Luchetti, Andrea, Mantovani, Barbara (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Australian stick insect genus Candovia (Phasmida: Necrosciinae): insight from molecular systematics and species-delimitation approaches. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 197: 189-210
4849BA339224FFD28AB927C0E9E1FB4C.taxon	description	[Karas’s stick insect] Z o o b a n k r e g i s t r a t i o n: u r n: l s i d: z o o b a n k. org: act: EB 26 E 337 - EC 01 - 401 E- 8 F 84 - E 01 AE 5 B 878 DB. Type material: Holotype: ♂, QUEENSLAND, Narrows Road, nr Baroon Pocket Dam, Montville, 26.6983 ˚ S, 152.8656 ˚ E, 10. xii. 2009, A. Karas, DNA project JH- 0070 (QM). Paratypes: QUEENSLAND: 1 ♀, same data, DNA project, JH- 0068 (QM); 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, same data, DNA project JH- 0069, JH- 0066, JH- 0067 (NHMUK). (Note, this DNA project data was provisionally labelled Candovia sp. C.) Overview of both sexes: Female body greenish brown, with black marks on head and pronotum, also remainder of thorax and abdomen. Male more colourful, greenish brown with green mesonotum and black marks on head, pronotum and abdomen. Mesonotum and metanotum with sparse granules / occasional tubercles. Hind part of female abdominal segment 6 slightly swollen. Forewings and pre-anal part of hindwings dark brown, net-like with pale veins, hindwings dusky. Female short-winged with tiny hindwings, male long-winged, hindwings reaching beyond end of abdominal segment 5. In both sexes eyes are green and bases of antennal segments indistinctly pale banded. Female (Supporting Information, Fig. S 8 A): Head: slightly longer than wide. Antennae longer than forelegs, with numerous indistinct paler bands at base of segments; basal segment and much shorter segment 2 broader than remaining segments. Thorax: pronotum slightly shorter than head, with central impression. Mesonotum almost 5 × length of pronotum. Mesonotum 1.6 × combined length of metanotum and short median segment. Mesonotum and metanotum with sparse granules and few well-spaced tubercles on mesonotum. Forewings short, hindwings tiny. Abdomen: elongate. Eighth segment much longer than ninth and tenth (anal), which are of similar size. Operculum rounded at tip, reaching about half length of anal segment, which has almost truncate tip. Cerci short. Legs: all of modest length, hindlegs not reaching end of abdomen. Male (Supporting Information, Fig. S 8 B): Apart from being much slenderer, similar in general appearance, except wings. The forewings are truncate, hindwings reaching beyond end of abdominal segment 5. Anal segment rounded at tip; cerci short. Poculum reaching about end of ninth abdominal segment.	en	Forni, Giobbe, Cussigh, Alex, Brock, Paul D., Jones, Braxton R., Nicolini, Filippo, Martelossi, Jacopo, Luchetti, Andrea, Mantovani, Barbara (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Australian stick insect genus Candovia (Phasmida: Necrosciinae): insight from molecular systematics and species-delimitation approaches. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 197: 189-210
4849BA339225FFD38AA823D3EFDEF8E3.taxon	description	[Koens’s stick insect] Z o o b a n k r e g i s t r a t i o n: u r n: l s i d: z o o b a n k. org: act: 5 BCC 0 EB 0 - 6241 - 4 B 45 - A 400 - 6133 BBDE 78 F 3. Type material: Holotype: ♀, QUEENSLAND, Narrows Road, nr Baroon Pocket Dam, Montville, 26.6983 ˚ S, 152.8656 ˚ E, 15. xi. 2011, A. Karas, P. D. Brock & J. Koens, DNA project PB- 0060 (QM). Paratypes: QUEENSLAND: 4 ♀♀, 2 ♂♂, same data, 04. ix. 2009, J. Koens, DNA project, JH- 0026 to JH- 0031 (QM); 2 ♀♀, same data, xi. 2009, A. Karus, DNA project, JH- 0043 to JH- 0044 (QM); 1 ♀, D’Aguilar Range, Boombana, 27.4045 ˚ S, 152.794 ˚ E, 13. xi. 2011, P. D. Brock & N. Tweed, DNA project PB- 0058 (QM). (Note, this DNA project data was provisionally labelled Candovia sp. A.) Overview of both sexes: Stout, brown female, with darker marks and indistinctly mottled legs, but can vary and include light and dark areas and whitish marks. Thorax heavily granulated and abdomen ridged. Small, orange marks may be present on thorax and thorax, also part of mouthparts. Male slenderer, brown with broad, black line laterally on body from back of eyes (orange line above this on mesonotum and metanotum). Darker on head, pronotum and towards hind part of thoracic and abdominal segments. Thorax with less distinct granules. Both sexes with eyes whitish with two horizontal black lines. Female (Supporting Information, Fig. S 9 A): Head: longer than wide, sparse granules present. Antennae long, with numerous indistinct segments; basal segment broader than remaining segments. Thorax: heavily granulated dorsally and ventrally. Pronotum slightly shorter than head, with central impression. M e s o n o t u m u p t o 4.3 × l e n g t h o f p r o n o t u m. Mesonotum 1.7. × combined length of metanotum and median segment, the latter shorter than metanotum. Wingless. Abdomen: heavily ridged dorsally and ventrally, with granules, less numerous than on thorax. Eighth segment longer than ninth, which is about the same length as tenth (anal) segment. Operculum reaching end of segment 9; anal segment tip tapered, with tip incised in centre. Cerci broad but short. Legs: long. Male (Supporting Information, Fig. S 9 B): Much slenderer, but similar in general appearance. Anal segment subtruncate at tip, cerci short. Poculum not reaching half length of ninth abdominal segment.	en	Forni, Giobbe, Cussigh, Alex, Brock, Paul D., Jones, Braxton R., Nicolini, Filippo, Martelossi, Jacopo, Luchetti, Andrea, Mantovani, Barbara (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Australian stick insect genus Candovia (Phasmida: Necrosciinae): insight from molecular systematics and species-delimitation approaches. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 197: 189-210
4849BA339226FFD18AA02625EFD3F9C1.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Paracandovia chiaroscuro, here designated. This group has confused entomologists, with five described species (including three with revised status) being initially linked to five different mainly non-related genera, then later often transferred to other genera. Notably Echetlus Stål, 1875 was used by Zompro & Adis (2001), which is similar in general appearance, but has short, not long antennae, in addition to tiny forewings in known females, also long cerci in both sexes (only females in Paracandovia). Candovia evoneobertii (Zompro & Adis, 2001) was erroneously described in Echetlus, and this South American species is removed from the Australian phasmid fauna in this paper. As no existing generic name is appropriate for this particular group, it is necessary to erect a new genus. It became apparent when studying adults and eggs in detail, also considering molecular analyses, that samples originally identified as P. peridromes (PB 178 – PB 180 and BJ 13 – BJ 16) were not a single species, hence three other synonymized species (cercata, longipes and tenera) are reinstated as valid. The only one with distribution not known with certainty, nor egg, is P. peridromes. Other species from Western Australia and Three Hummock Island (near Tasmania) await formal description once further research has been undertaken. Molecular work indicates that this genus has a sister relationship to all Candovia species. Description: Small to medium-sized (45 – 118 mm), plain, in nature brown or green (sometimes with lines by head), wingless, elongate, long-legged, fragile-looking phasmids, with the body smooth, granulated or with tubercles, the latter particularly conspicuous in females. Abdomen with carina or ridges distinct or indistinct. Cerci long in females, short in male. Head much longer than wide (typically about 1.8 × longer). Head, pronotum and mesonotum often smooth, or sparsely granulose in some species. Mesonotum more heavily granulose in one species and tubercles noted in one species. Antennae exceeding length of forelegs, with numerous segments (up to 89); two basal segments slightly broadened. Pronotum equal in length or shorter than head, mesonotum long, 4.3 – 6.0 × length of pronotum; mesonotum 1.6 – 1.9 × longer than combined length of metanotum and the shorter median segment. Wingless. Anal segment in female rounded at tip, usually tapered at sides and may be triangular incised in centre, with supra-anal plate visible in some species. Operculum not broad, rounded at tip, reaching beyond end of ninth abdominal segment, up to half length of anal segment. Anal segment tip in male (where known) with rounded tip, poculum a modest size with rounded tip, not reaching end of ninth abdominal segment. Anal segment tips are splayed. Cerci long in female, 2.0 – 2.4 × length of anal segment; much shorter in male, no more than same length as anal segment. Legs long, smooth; hindlegs reaching in excess of elongate abdomen. Egg: more elongate, almost rectangular, possibly with indented micropylar plate. Micropylar oval or round. Capsule rugged appearance, with various sculpturing. Distribution: Australia. Etymology: Named after the close resemblance and affinity to Candovia. Species included: The first five here transferred from Candovia Stål, 1875:	en	Forni, Giobbe, Cussigh, Alex, Brock, Paul D., Jones, Braxton R., Nicolini, Filippo, Martelossi, Jacopo, Luchetti, Andrea, Mantovani, Barbara (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Australian stick insect genus Candovia (Phasmida: Necrosciinae): insight from molecular systematics and species-delimitation approaches. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 197: 189-210
4849BA339226FFD18AA02625EFD3F9C1.taxon	description	Paracandovia chiaroscuro sp. nov. [Chiaroscuro stick insect] [= Candovia sp. G]: Queensland. P a racandovia cloncurriensis sp. nov. [Cloncurry stick insect] [= Candovia sp. L]: Queensland. PARACANDOVIA BIFURCATA BROCK & JONES	en	Forni, Giobbe, Cussigh, Alex, Brock, Paul D., Jones, Braxton R., Nicolini, Filippo, Martelossi, Jacopo, Luchetti, Andrea, Mantovani, Barbara (2023): Taxonomic revision of the Australian stick insect genus Candovia (Phasmida: Necrosciinae): insight from molecular systematics and species-delimitation approaches. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 197: 189-210
