taxonID	type	description	language	source
4C4FF05CFFDFB568FCA6BD56FED76377.taxon	description	(Figures 1 – 6, 35, 37)	en	Kovařík, František (2025): Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida, Scorpiones). Part XXXVI. Compsobuthus starhai sp. n. from Somalia (Puntland) (Buthidae). Euscorpius 408: 1-14, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16963160
4C4FF05CFFDFB568FCA6BD56FED76377.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY AND TYPE REPOSITORY. Ethiopia (Abyssinia), Kachenuha [09 º 04 ' N 40 º 12 ' E; see below]; ZISP. TYPE MATERIAL EXAMINED. Abyssinia, Kachenuha, 31. I. 1899 (“ Old [Julian] Style ”), leg. N. A. Dmitriev, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (lectotype and paralectotype, hereby designated, Figs. 1 – 6), ZISP 47 (see comments below). OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED (FKCP). Djibouti, Ali Sabieh District, 4 km W of Ali Adeh, 23. X. 2023, 11 ° 07 ' 30.678 '' N 42 ° 50 ' 55.456 '' E (11.12,42.85), 580 m a. s. l., 23 DL, 5 ♂ 1 ♀ juv. (2580), leg. F. KovařÍk. Ethiopia, 30 km W Metahara, VIII. 1982, 2 ♀; Awash, Metahara env., 08 ° 54 ' N 39 ° 54 ' E, 960 - 1050 m a. s. l. (11 EA), 2008, 1 ♀, leg. Trailin, 19. - 22. VII. 2011, 3 ♂ 1 ♀ 3 ims., leg. F. KovařÍk; Awash, 09 ° 00 ' 34.5 '' N 40 ° 17 ' 56.5 '' E, 1012 m a. s. l. (11 EW), 19. VII. 2011, 1 ♂ 1 ♀, leg. F. KovařÍk; Awash n. p., 08 ° 52 ' N 40 ° 05 ' E, 981 m a. s. l. (11 EX), 20. VII. 2011, 1 ♀ 2 juvs before first ecdysis, leg. F. KovařÍk; 13 ° 43 ' 10 '' N 39 ° 55 ' 34 '' E, 879 m a. s. l. (12 EI), 18. XI. 2012, 1 im. 1 juv., leg. F. KovařÍk; 11 ° 29 ' 47 '' N 40 ° 25 ' 07 '' E, 766 m a. s. l. (12 EL), 20. XI. 2012, 1 ♂ 1 ♀, leg. F. KovařÍk; Gewane, 10 ° 09 ' 38 '' N 40 ° 39 ' 45 '' E, 631 m a. s. l. (12 EO), 23. XI. 2012, 1 ♀, leg. F. KovařÍk; 09 ° 34 ' 06 '' N 40 ° 23 ' 45.9 '' E, 601 m a. s. l. (12 EQ), 24. XI. 2012, 1 ♂, leg. F. KovařÍk; Awash, 09 ° 00 ' 34.5 '' N 40 ° 17 ' 56.5 '' E, 1012 m. a. s. l. (12 EW), 1 ♀, 25. XI. 2012, leg. F. KovařÍk; Awash, Metahara env., 08 ° 54 ' N 39 ° 54 ' E, 960 - 1050 m a. s. l. (12 EX), 25. XI. 2012, 1 ♀, leg. F. KovařÍk; Afar State, Awash, 09 ° 09 ' 03.6 '' N 40 ° 31 ' 38.8 '' E, 1378 m a. s. l. (14 ES), 26. XI. 2014, 1 ♀, leg. F. KovařÍk; Afar State, 09 ° 34 ' 06 '' N 40 ° 23 ' 45.9 '' E, 601 m a. s. l. (14 EU = 12 EQ), 27. XI. 2014, 1 ♀, leg. F. KovařÍk; Oromia State, East Shewa, Fantale zone, volcanic crater Fantale near Metahara, 09 ° 00 ' 56.2 '' N 39 ° 51 ' 21 '' E, 1050 m a. s. l. (14 EV), 29. XI. 2014, 4 ♂ 3 ♀ 3 juvs., leg. F. KovařÍk. Jiri, 9.7610586 ° N 42.6800703 ° E, VI. 2024, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (Figs. 33 – 34, ETH 099, ETH 082), leg. H. Elmii. Somaliland, 4 km S of Borama, Awdal, 09 ° 53 ' 01 '' N 43 ° 11 ' 56 '' E, 1662 m a. s. l., 17. I. 2015, 1 ♂, leg. T. Mazuch; 5 km of Jidhi village, 10 ° 35 ' 04 '' N 43 ° 02 ' 16.9 '' E, 515 m a. s. l. (19 SF), 1. VII. 2019, 1 ♂ (No. 1683) 1 ♀ leg. F. KovařÍk; Habas village, 10 ° 24 ' 42.6 '' N 42 ° 48 ' 40.1 '' E, 866 m a. s. l. (19 SD), 30. VI. 2019, 1 ♂ (No. 1679), leg. F. KovařÍk; 5 km W of Bown, 10 ° 11 ' 50.9 '' N 43 ° 03 ' 46.6 '' E, 1340 m a. s. l. (21 SM), 16. X. 2021, 1 ♂ (2036), leg. F. KovařÍk.	en	Kovařík, František (2025): Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida, Scorpiones). Part XXXVI. Compsobuthus starhai sp. n. from Somalia (Puntland) (Buthidae). Euscorpius 408: 1-14, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16963160
4C4FF05CFFDFB568FCA6BD56FED76377.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS (♂ ♀). Total length 28 – 40 mm. Sexual dimorphism minor, adult males with chela of pedipalps broader and fingers of pedipalps flexed proximally; there is no difference in length and width of metasomal segments. Base color uniformly reddish to gray. Pedipalps with or without spots. Movable finger of pedipalp bears 10 rows of granules, all without external and with internal accessory granules (acutecarinatus group). Pedipalp chela length / width ratio 3.7 – 3.8 in males and 4.4 – 4.6 in females. Manus of chela shorter than fixed finger. Trochanter of pedipalps with numerous long setae. Anterior margin of carapace bears eight symmetrically distributed spinae. First to third metasomal segments bear 10 carinae, fourth bears 8 or 10 carinae. All metasomal segments longer than wide. Pectinal teeth number 19 – 24. Sternites and ventral surface of metasoma granulated and with numerous small black setae. Seventh sternite bears four crenulate carinae. Telson bulbous, aculeus shorter than vesicle. Subaculear tubercle present but not spinoid.	en	Kovařík, František (2025): Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida, Scorpiones). Part XXXVI. Compsobuthus starhai sp. n. from Somalia (Puntland) (Buthidae). Euscorpius 408: 1-14, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16963160
4C4FF05CFFDFB568FCA6BD56FED76377.taxon	materials_examined	HISTORY OF STUDY. Birula (1903) mentioned only the type series that included 12 specimens, all collected by N. A. Dmitriev in “ Abyssinia, Kachenuha ” on 31.01.1899 [Old Style, the Gregorian calendar used in Russia until 1918]. We examined the two syntypes deposited in ZISP, lot No. 47. Birula’s handwritten, unpublished collection catalog, which is preserved in ZISP, lists their provenance, in Russian, as “ Kachenuha ” (Fig. 37). The catalog also mentions additional, unpublished Abysssian specimens (not types, number unspecified), their locality listed (in Russian) as “ vill. [age] Kachin-Uokha on the r [iver] Khavash, ZISP 48, 19.03.1903 [Old Style], leg. Dr. Brovtsyn. ” Khavash is the modern Awash River, and the Ethiopian gazetteer online lists a locality called Kassin Uha or Cassin Ua at 09 º 04 ’ N 40 º 12 ’ E, not far from the Awash town. The collector of 1903 specimens was Dr. Nikolay Petrovich Brovtsyn, a well-known Russian medical doctor in Abyssinia since 1896, a personal physician of Negus Menelik II since 1899, and an author of an early book on Abyssinian anthropology (Brovtsyn, 1909). Birula’s catalog also lists one specimen from Addis Ababa collected by Brovtsyn earlier, in 1898 - 1899 (ZISP 1518), as well as a single specimen from the Egyptian Sudan in 1914 collected by Franz Werner (ZISP 49). We accept “ Kachenuha’ as a type locality although it is not entirely clear why the 1899 lot collected by Dmitriev (the types) and 1903 lot collected (independently?) by Brovtsyn have the same locality label. Both Dmitriev and Brovtsyn were later mentioned as zoological collectors for ZISP by Birula (1927: 175 - 176) in his work on the rich ZISP collection of Solifugae (Arachnida): “ … Part of this material was composed of the collections of some members of the official Russian Missions in Abyssinia, as well as of private persons travelling independently in that country. These persons collected the Solifugae chiefly along the usual caravan route from Dshibuti or Zeyla at Tadshurabay on the Red Sea, through Dshildessa in the northern part of the Somalian desert, and Harar in East Abyssinia to the chief town of Abyssinia, Addis-Abbeba, and the residence of the late emperor Menelik, Antoto. The Zoological Museum is especially grateful for the valuable and careful collections of the order Solifugae to the folowing persons: G. V. Kachovskij, attaché to the Russian mission in Abyssinia in 1897 - 1898, N. A. Dmitriev (1899), Dr. Lukjanov (1890), dresser Mr. Sjedov (1903 — 1905), Dr. Brovzyn (1905), and Dr. I. N. Lebedinskij (1906). ”	en	Kovařík, František (2025): Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida, Scorpiones). Part XXXVI. Compsobuthus starhai sp. n. from Somalia (Puntland) (Buthidae). Euscorpius 408: 1-14, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16963160
4C4FF05CFFDBB568FF46BBE8FD0964FB.taxon	description	(Figure 35)? Compsobuthus abyssinicus: KovařÍk & Whitman, 2005: 107 (in part).	en	Kovařík, František (2025): Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida, Scorpiones). Part XXXVI. Compsobuthus starhai sp. n. from Somalia (Puntland) (Buthidae). Euscorpius 408: 1-14, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16963160
4C4FF05CFFDBB568FF46BBE8FD0964FB.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY AND TYPE REPOSITORY. Eritrea, near Massawa, 15 ° 36 ' 58.7 '' N 39 ° 22 ' 32.8 '' E, 74 m a. s. l., 4. - 5. XI. 2015, (Locality 15 EI), FKCP. TYPE MATERIAL EXAMINED (FKCP). Eritrea, near Massawa, 15 ° 36 ' 58.7 '' N 39 ° 22 ' 32.8 '' E, 74 m a. s. l. (15 EI), 4. - 5. XI. 2015, 7 ♂ 12 ♀ (holotype and paratypes), leg. F. KovařÍk; Dese Island, 15 ° 26 ' 39.2 '' N 39 ° 45 ' 32.7 '' E, 8 m a. s. l. (15 EJ), 5. - 7. XI. 2015, 2 ♂ 8 ♀ 1 juv. (paratypes), leg. F. KovařÍk; near Massawa, 15 ° 36 ' 55 '' N 39 ° 24 ' 22 '' E, 30 m a. s. l. (15 EK), 8. XI. 2015, 1 ♀ (paratype), leg. F. KovařÍk; route Massawa to Gahtiela, 15 ° 36 ' 03.7 '' N 39 ° 16 ' 38.4 '' E, 115 m a. s. l. (15 EL), 8. XI. 2015, 1 ♀ 1 im., leg. F. KovařÍk.	en	Kovařík, František (2025): Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida, Scorpiones). Part XXXVI. Compsobuthus starhai sp. n. from Somalia (Puntland) (Buthidae). Euscorpius 408: 1-14, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16963160
4C4FF05CFFDBB568FF46BBE8FD0964FB.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS (♂ ♀). Total length 26 (male) – 41 mm (female). Sexual dimorphism minor, adult males with chela of pedipalps broader and fingers of pedipalps slightly flexed proximally; there is no difference in length and width of metasomal segments. Base color uniformly yellow to yellowish brown with dark spot on fifth metasomal segment. Movable finger of pedipalp bears 10 – 11 rows of granules, all without external and with internal accessory granules (acutecarinatus group of Levy & Amitati, 1980). Pedipalp chela length / width ratio 4.5 in males and 5.4 in females. Manus of chela shorter than fixed finger. Pedipalp chela length / movable finger length ratio 1.32 – 1.38 in both sexes. Trochanter of pedipalps with ten to twelve spinules and two setae. Anterior margin of carapace bears 8 symmetrically distributed spinules. First to third metasomal segments bear 10 carinae, fourth bears 8 or 10 carinae. All metasomal segments longer than wide. Pectinal teeth number 22 – 26 in males and 18 – 23 in females. Sternites and ventral surface of metasoma granulated, more so in males. Seventh sternite bears four crenulate carinae. Telson bulbous, aculeus shorter than vesicle. Subaculear tubercle present but not spinoid. Ratio of length vesicle / aculeus is 1.1 – 1.2.	en	Kovařík, František (2025): Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida, Scorpiones). Part XXXVI. Compsobuthus starhai sp. n. from Somalia (Puntland) (Buthidae). Euscorpius 408: 1-14, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16963160
4C4FF05CFFDBB568FF1CBD6BFA7E6603.taxon	description	(Figures 31, 35)	en	Kovařík, František (2025): Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida, Scorpiones). Part XXXVI. Compsobuthus starhai sp. n. from Somalia (Puntland) (Buthidae). Euscorpius 408: 1-14, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16963160
4C4FF05CFFDBB568FF1CBD6BFA7E6603.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY AND TYPE DEPOSITORY. Somaliland, Maid, 11 ° 00 ' 03 '' N 47 ° 06 ' 30 '' E, 52 m a. s. l.; FKCP. TYPE MATERIAL EXAMINED. Somaliland, Maid, 11 ° 00 ' 03 '' N 47 ° 06 ' 30 '' E, 52 m a. s. l. (Locality No. 17 SN), 3. - 4. IX. 2017, 1 ♂ 3 ♀ (holotype and paratypes), leg. F. KovařÍk, FKCP. OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED. Somaliland, 5 km S of Maid, 10 ° 59 ' 46 '' N 47 ° 08 ' 14 '' E, 182 m a. s. l. (18 SF), 25. VIII. 2018, 1 ♂ (1526), leg. F. KovařÍk, FKCP.	en	Kovařík, František (2025): Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida, Scorpiones). Part XXXVI. Compsobuthus starhai sp. n. from Somalia (Puntland) (Buthidae). Euscorpius 408: 1-14, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16963160
4C4FF05CFFDBB568FF1CBD6BFA7E6603.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS (♂ ♀). Total length 30 – 33.5 mm. Sexual dimorphism minor, fingers of pedipalps straight in both sexes; there is no difference in length and width of metasomal segments. Base color uniformly yellow to yellowish brown with dark spot on fifth and four metasomal segment. Movable finger of pedipalp bears 10 rows of granules, all without external and with internal accessory granules (acutecarinatus group of Levy & Amitati, 1980). Pedipalp chela length / width ratio 4.49 in males and 4.9 in females. Manus of chela shorter than fixed finger. Pedipalp chela length / movable finger length ratio 1.40 – 1.41 in both sexes. Trochanter of pedipalps with 3 – 7 spinules and 2 setae. Anterior margin of carapace bears 8 symmetrically distributed spinules. First to third metasomal segments bear 10 carinae, fourth bears 8 or 10 carinae. All metasomal segments longer than wide. Pectinal teeth number 19 – 20 in male and 16 – 18 in females. Sternites and ventral surface of metasoma granulated. Seventh sternite bears four crenulate carinae. Telson bulbous, aculeus shorter than vesicle. Subaculear tubercle present but not spinoid.	en	Kovařík, František (2025): Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida, Scorpiones). Part XXXVI. Compsobuthus starhai sp. n. from Somalia (Puntland) (Buthidae). Euscorpius 408: 1-14, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16963160
4C4FF05CFFDBB569FCA9BE24FAA065C7.taxon	description	(Figure 35) Compsobuthus somalilandus KovařÍk, 2012: 7 – 8, figs. 8 – 19, 37 – 42; KovařÍk & Ojanguren, 2013: 157, figs. 783 – 794, 926 – 931; KovařÍk et al., 2016: 11 – 15, figs. 17 – 18, 23 – 26, 61 – 62, 77; KovařÍk, 2018: 6 – 9, fig. 39.	en	Kovařík, František (2025): Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida, Scorpiones). Part XXXVI. Compsobuthus starhai sp. n. from Somalia (Puntland) (Buthidae). Euscorpius 408: 1-14, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16963160
4C4FF05CFFDBB569FCA9BE24FAA065C7.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY AND TYPE REPOSITORY. Somaliland, near Berbera, 10 ° 14 ' 25.8 '' N 45 ° 04 ' 55.4 '' E, 407 m a. s. l.; FKCP. TYPE MATERIAL EXAMINED (FKCP). Somaliland, near Berbera, 10 ° 14 ' 25.8 '' N 45 ° 04 ' 55.4 '' E, 407 m a. s. l., 9. VII. 2011, 4 ♂ 4 ♀ (holotype and paratypes), leg. F. KovařÍk; near Berbera, 10 ° 15 ' 30.5 '' N 45 ° 06 ' 04.2 '' E, 376 m a. s. l., 12. VII. 2011, 1 ♀ (paratype), leg. F. KovařÍk; near Sheikh, foothills of Goolis Mts., 09 ° 59.881 ' N 45 ° 09.762 ' E, 896 m a. s. l., 2 ♀ (paratypes), XI. 2010, leg. T. Mazuch and P. NovÁk OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED (FKCP). Somaliland, between Berbera and Burao, 10 ° 02 ' 12 '' N 44 ° 47 ' 21 '' E, 60 m a. s. l. (17 SG), 30. VIII. 2017, 1 ♂ (1304), leg. F. KovařÍk; Gerissa, N of Borama, 10 ° 36 ' 01 '' N 43 ° 26 ' 07 '' E, 245 m a. s. l. (17 ST), 11. - 12. IX. 2017, 7 ♂ 4 ♀ 1 juv., 2 ♂ 3 ♀ (Locality No. 19 SH = 17 ST), 3. VII. 2019, leg. F. KovařÍk.	en	Kovařík, František (2025): Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida, Scorpiones). Part XXXVI. Compsobuthus starhai sp. n. from Somalia (Puntland) (Buthidae). Euscorpius 408: 1-14, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16963160
4C4FF05CFFDBB569FCA9BE24FAA065C7.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS (♂ ♀). Total length 28 – 32 mm. Sexual dimorphism minor, adult males with chela of pedipalps broader and fingers of pedipalps flexed proximally; there is no difference in length and width of metasomal segments. Base color uniformly yellow to yellowish brown, with dark spots. Movable finger of pedipalp bears 10 rows of granules, all without external and with internal accessory granules (acutecarinatus group of Levy & Amitai, 1980). Pedipalp chela length / width ratio 4.0 in males and 4.8 in females. Manus of chela shorter than fixed finger. Trochanter of pedipalps with one to twelve spinules and without setae. Anterior margin of carapace bears 8 symmetrically distributed spinules. First to third metasomal segments bear 10 carinae, fourth bears 8 or 10 carinae. All metasomal segments longer than wide. Pectinal teeth number 18 – 21 in males and 15 – 18 in females. Sternites and ventral surface of metasoma granulated. Seventh sternite bears four crenulate carinae. Telson bulbous, aculeus shorter than vesicle. Subaculear tubercle present, long and spinoid.	en	Kovařík, František (2025): Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida, Scorpiones). Part XXXVI. Compsobuthus starhai sp. n. from Somalia (Puntland) (Buthidae). Euscorpius 408: 1-14, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16963160
4C4FF05CFFD5B566FED6BE2CFDE2665F.taxon	description	(Figures 7 – 30, 35 – 36, Table 1)	en	Kovařík, František (2025): Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida, Scorpiones). Part XXXVI. Compsobuthus starhai sp. n. from Somalia (Puntland) (Buthidae). Euscorpius 408: 1-14, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16963160
4C4FF05CFFD6B563FC77BC3BFBED64C4.taxon	description	(Figure 35)	en	Kovařík, František (2025): Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida, Scorpiones). Part XXXVI. Compsobuthus starhai sp. n. from Somalia (Puntland) (Buthidae). Euscorpius 408: 1-14, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16963160
4C4FF05CFFD6B563FC77BC3BFBED64C4.taxon	description	Compsobuthus vannii Rossi, 2017 (2016): 3 – 5, figs. 1 – 2; KovařÍk & Lowe, 2022: 5, figs. 21 – 62, 113.	en	Kovařík, František (2025): Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida, Scorpiones). Part XXXVI. Compsobuthus starhai sp. n. from Somalia (Puntland) (Buthidae). Euscorpius 408: 1-14, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16963160
4C4FF05CFFD6B563FC77BC3BFBED64C4.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY AND TYPE REPOSITORY. Djibouti, Tadjoura Province, Bankoualé, 11 ° 49 ' N 42 ° 40 ' E (11.82 ° N 42.67 ° E); MZUF. MATERIAL EXAMINED (FKCP). Djibouti, Arta Province, Arta, 11.5286 ° N 42.8508 ° E, 690 m a. s. l., 26. XI. 2010, 2 juvs. (No. 4711), leg. J. Lips; Arta Province, Arta plage, 11.5857 ° N 42.8286 ° E, 24. XII. 2020, 1 juv. (No. 23107), leg. J. Lips; Tadjourah Province, Ditillou, 11.781 ° N 42.6934 ° E, 665 m a. s. l., 11. III. 2001, 1. juv. (No. 4936), 6. XI. 2011, 2 ♂ 3 juvs, (No. 6697) 27. VI. 2014, 1 ♀ (No. 9903), 27. VI. 2014, 1 ♀ (No. 9897), leg. J. Lips; Tadjourah Province, Day, 11.7813 ° N 42.6408 ° E, 1490 m a. s. l., 24. I. 2013, 1 ♂ (No. 7196), leg. J. Lips; Tadjourah Province, Abourma, 11.8941 ° N 42.4877 ° E, 800 m a. s. l., 27. XII. 2013, 1 ♀ 1 juv. (No. 8500), leg. J. Lips; Barra Yer (Petit Barre), 11.31 ° N 42.71 ° E (11 ° 18 ' 33.56 '' N 42 ° 42 ' 39.17 '' E), 585 m a. s. l., I. 2017, 1 ♂ 2 juvs., leg. R. Štarha; Tadjoura District, 7 km W of Tadjoura, 14. X. 2023, 11 ° 46 ' 48.893 '' N 42 ° 49 ' 5.195 '' E (11.78,42.82), 50 m a. s. l., 23 DB, 3 ♂ 1 juv. (2565), leg. F. KovařÍk; Tadjoura District, 20 km NW of Randa, 15. X. 2023, 11 ° 49 ' 44.771 '' N 42 ° 44 ' 18.079 '' E (11.83,42.74), 400 m a. s. l., 23 DC, 1 ♀, leg. F. KovařÍk; Tadjoura District, Goda mts., Day vill., 15. X. 2023, 11 ° 46 ' 59.410 '' N 42 ° 38 ' 28.390 '' E (11.78,42.64), 1500 m a. s. l., 23 DD, 3 ♂, leg. F. KovařÍk; Tadjoura District, Goda mts., S of Mouda´a, 16. X. 2023, 11 ° 45 ' 42.726 '' N 42 ° 36 ' 59.915 '' E (11.76,42.62), 1510 m a. s. l., 23 DF, 4 ♂ 2 ♀ 3 juvs., leg. F. KovařÍk; Tadjoura District, Dougoum env., 17. X. 2023, 11 ° 47 ' 56.166 '' N 42 ° 44 ' 54.665 '' E (11.80,42.75), 280 m a. s. l., 23 DG, 1 ♂, leg. F. KovařÍk; Tadjoura District, 2 km E of Ditilou, 18. X. 2023, 11 ° 46 ' 48.279 '' N 42 ° 42 ' 25.509 '' E (11.78,42.71), 500 m a. s. l., 23 DH, 20 ♂ 17 ♀ 7 juvs. (2634, 2635, 2628), leg. F. KovařÍk; Tadjoura District, Andaba env., 20. X. 2023, 12 ° 15 ' 58.989 '' N 42 ° 24 ' 49.003 '' E (12.26,42.41), 290 m a. s. l., 23 DI, 5 ♂ 4 ♀ 2 juvs (2625, 2572, 2638), leg. F. KovařÍk; Tadjoura District, Forêt d‘Andaba, 3 km SW of Boubâ, 21. X. 2023, 12 ° 17 ' 39.135 '' N 42 ° 23 ' 49.921 '' E (12.29,42.40), 290 m a. s. l., 23 DJ, 15 ♂ 17 ♀ 4 juvs. 1 ♂ (2620), leg. F. KovařÍk; Tadjoura District, Afalloïna env., 22. X. 2023, 11 ° 50 ' 0.740 '' N 42 ° 45 ' 39.857 '' E (11.83,42.76), 240 m a. s. l., 23 DK, 4 ♂ 3 ♀, leg. S. Snäll; Tadjoura District, 4 km S of Galina, 24. X. 2023, 11 ° 40 ' 0.516 '' N 42 ° 35 ' 45.178 '' E (11.67,42.59), 570 m a. s. l., 23 DM, 1 ♂ 1 ♀, leg. F. KovařÍk.	en	Kovařík, František (2025): Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida, Scorpiones). Part XXXVI. Compsobuthus starhai sp. n. from Somalia (Puntland) (Buthidae). Euscorpius 408: 1-14, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16963160
4C4FF05CFFD6B563FC77BC3BFBED64C4.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS. Total length 24 – 40 mm. Sexual dimorphism minor, adult males with chela of pedipalps flexed proximally only little, smaller males almost straight; there is no difference in length and width of metasomal segments. Base color uniformly reddish to gray. Pedipalps with or without spots. Movable finger of pedipalp bears 10 rows of granules, all without external and with internal accessory granules (acutecarinatus group). Manus of chela shorter than fixed finger. Trochanter of pedipalps with numerous long setae. Anterior margin of carapace bears eight symmetrically distributed spinae. First to third metasomal segments bear 10 carinae, fourth bears 8 or 10 carinae. All metasomal segments longer than wide. Pectinal teeth number 19 – 27. Seventh sternite bears four crenulate carinae. Telson bulbous, aculeus shorter than vesicle. Subaculear tubercle present but not spinoid.	en	Kovařík, František (2025): Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida, Scorpiones). Part XXXVI. Compsobuthus starhai sp. n. from Somalia (Puntland) (Buthidae). Euscorpius 408: 1-14, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16963160
4C4FF05CFFD6B563FC77BC3BFBED64C4.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS. Taxonomic position of the species is unclear. Preliminary results of DNA analysis (paper in preparation) indicate that it could be a synonym of Compsobuthus abyssinicus (Birula, 1903).	en	Kovařík, František (2025): Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida, Scorpiones). Part XXXVI. Compsobuthus starhai sp. n. from Somalia (Puntland) (Buthidae). Euscorpius 408: 1-14, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16963160
4C4FF05CFFD0B560FC4DBD65FF5D6703.taxon	description	(Figure 35)	en	Kovařík, František (2025): Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida, Scorpiones). Part XXXVI. Compsobuthus starhai sp. n. from Somalia (Puntland) (Buthidae). Euscorpius 408: 1-14, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16963160
4C4FF05CFFD0B560FC4DBD65FF5D6703.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY AND TYPE REPOSITORY. Sudan, Wadi-Halfa, northern Nubia; MZUT. MATERIAL EXAMINED. Eritrea, Keren, 15 ° 48 ' 33 '' N 38 ° 28 ' 14.6 '' E, 1328 m a. s. l. (15 EG), 2. XI. 2015, 3 ♂, leg. F. KovařÍk, FKCP. Sudan, Khartoum, I. - III. 1966, 2 ♀, leg. P. Štys, FKCP; Sabaloro, 16. VIII. 1966, 1 juv., leg. P. Štys, FKCP; Hasa Heisa, 1 ♂, XI. 1973, leg. V. Seichert, FKCP; Sabaloka Mt., ca 16 ° 20 ' N 32 ° 30 ' E, 24. X. – 14. XI. 2011, 10 ♂ 3 ♀, leg. P. Pokorný, FKCP; Northern State, Dongola farm, 19 ° 10 ' 11.37 '' N 30 ° 28 ' 29.62 '' E, 7. VI. 2016, 1 ♂ 1 ♀, leg. Manal Siyam, ZMHB; River Nile State, Atbara farm, 17 ° 43 ' N 33 ° 59 ' E, 30. X. 2016, 1 ♂ im, leg. Manal Siyam, ZMHB; Northern State, El Gaab wadi, 6. V. 2017, 1 ♀, leg. Manal Siyam, ZMHB.	en	Kovařík, František (2025): Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida, Scorpiones). Part XXXVI. Compsobuthus starhai sp. n. from Somalia (Puntland) (Buthidae). Euscorpius 408: 1-14, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16963160
4C4FF05CFFD0B560FC4DBD65FF5D6703.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS. Total length 24 – 40 mm. Movable finger of pedipalp bears 10 – 11 rows of granules, with external and internal accessory granules (werneri group). Sexual dimorphism minor, there is no difference between males and females in length of pedipalps and metasomal segments. Male with fingers of pedipalps very slightly flexed proximally. Carapace, mesosoma, metasoma, telson, and pedipalp femur and patella of adults densely granulated. First and second metasomal segments bear 10 carinae, third bears 8 or 10 carinae. Fifth metasomal segment length / width ratio less than 2.4. All metasomal segments sparsely setose and densely granulated. Telson with very small subaculear tubercle. Pectinal teeth number 16 – 22. Seventh sternite bears 4 well developed carinae. Telson elongate, with aculeus aproximately as long as vesicle.	en	Kovařík, František (2025): Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida, Scorpiones). Part XXXVI. Compsobuthus starhai sp. n. from Somalia (Puntland) (Buthidae). Euscorpius 408: 1-14, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16963160
