taxonID	type	description	language	source
4C1887FDFF83FFFD07E0E29236E7A713.taxon	description	Validating Latin description: That of Ficus carautana L. J. Neves & Emygdio. Bradea 6 (5): 37. 1992, nom. inval. TYPE: — BRAZIL. Mato Grosso: Rio Paraguai, estação Ecológica de Taiamã, na margem do Rio, 14 May 1983, L. Emygdio et al. 5078 (holotype [mounted in two sheets]: sheet n. 1 R – 000178563 [digital image!] & sheet n. 2 R – 000178563 a [digital image!]).	en	Mitidieri-Rivera, Nicole, Damián-Parizaca, Alexander, Gardner, Elliot M., Plata-Castro, Angelo D., Zerega, Nyree J. C., Pederneiras, Leandro C. (2025): A Nomenclator of Ficus sect. Americanae (Moraceae). Part I: South America. Phytotaxa 711 (3): 215-262, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.711.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
4C1887FDFF83FFFD07E0E29236E7A713.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Arbor circa 10 m alta, ramis pendulis. Stipulae puberulae, caducae, 5, 8 mm longae (in siccu). Petioli 10 - 25 mm longi, plerumque 20 mm, glabri. Laminae ovatae, ovata-ellipticae vel ellipticae, ad normam leviter dissimetricae saepe basim versus, longae 2 - 8 cm et 2 - 6 cm later, chartaceae, glaberrimae, 4 - 8 paria pinnarum, pari infimo opposito, basi cordata, apice obsoleto, acuto, vel breviter acuminato, reticulo nervationum manifesto supra et inferne prominente. Syconia sessilia, glabra, depressa, geminata, bracteis basalibus circa 1 mm longis, rotundatis, ostiolo prominente, annulo peripherico protento. Neves & Mello Filho (1992) described F. carautana based on Emygdio et al. 5078; however, the name was not validly published due to the lack of specification of the herbarium where the specimen was deposited (Art. 40.7). Berg & Villavicencio (2004) first cited the type at R. Here we fulfill valid publication by reference to the Latin diagnosis published by Neves & Emygdio (1992) and by indicating the herbarium in which the type is deposited (Art. 33.1).	en	Mitidieri-Rivera, Nicole, Damián-Parizaca, Alexander, Gardner, Elliot M., Plata-Castro, Angelo D., Zerega, Nyree J. C., Pederneiras, Leandro C. (2025): A Nomenclator of Ficus sect. Americanae (Moraceae). Part I: South America. Phytotaxa 711 (3): 215-262, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.711.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
4C1887FDFF82FFFC07E0E54631C7ACBF.taxon	description	Nomenclatural notes: — Kunth & Bouché (1846) described Ficus cerasifolia but did not designate a type specimen or cite a herbarium. They listed F. laurifolia Link (not that of Lammarck), and F. salicifolia Link (not that of Vahl) as synonyms. In his Enumeratio plantarum, Link (1846) provided a list of all plants cultivated at the Royal Garden of Berlin, organized according to the Linnaean System, and included F. laurifolia Lamarck (1788: 495), a species originally thought to have been collected in America but later recognized as African in origin (Berg 2011), and F. salicifolia Vahl (1790: 431), a species from Yemen. It appears that Kunth and Bouché (1846) mistakenly believed that J. H. F. Link had described these species as new, based on cultivated material in Berlin. Because the synonyms listed by Kunth and Bouché (1846) were validly published approximately fifty years prior to F. cerasifolia, the latter name must be considered superfluous and illegitimate.	en	Mitidieri-Rivera, Nicole, Damián-Parizaca, Alexander, Gardner, Elliot M., Plata-Castro, Angelo D., Zerega, Nyree J. C., Pederneiras, Leandro C. (2025): A Nomenclator of Ficus sect. Americanae (Moraceae). Part I: South America. Phytotaxa 711 (3): 215-262, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.711.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
4C1887FDFF82FFF307E0E0AE3067AFCF.taxon	materials_examined	BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: Silva Jardim, Reserva Biológica de Poço das Antas, 2 March 1999, C. Luchiari et al. 782 (epitype, designated by Pederneiras et al. [2023 b: 5]: RB – 00493610!).	en	Mitidieri-Rivera, Nicole, Damián-Parizaca, Alexander, Gardner, Elliot M., Plata-Castro, Angelo D., Zerega, Nyree J. C., Pederneiras, Leandro C. (2025): A Nomenclator of Ficus sect. Americanae (Moraceae). Part I: South America. Phytotaxa 711 (3): 215-262, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.711.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
4C1887FDFF8DFFF307E0E50F365FAC93.taxon	description	Nomenclatural notes: — Pittier (1937) described this taxon based on H. Pittier 12419, but did not specify a herbarium, thus indicating all specimens of that gathering as syntypes (Art. 40.2 Note 1). Berg & Villavicencio (2004) cited a holotype at VEN, but since this happened after 1 January 2001 and they did not use the term “ designated here ” or an equivalent statement as required by Art. 7.11, their citation did not constitute an effective designation of a lectotype. We designate VEN – 331 as the lectotype because it represents the most complete and diagnostic specimen.	en	Mitidieri-Rivera, Nicole, Damián-Parizaca, Alexander, Gardner, Elliot M., Plata-Castro, Angelo D., Zerega, Nyree J. C., Pederneiras, Leandro C. (2025): A Nomenclator of Ficus sect. Americanae (Moraceae). Part I: South America. Phytotaxa 711 (3): 215-262, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.711.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
4C1887FDFF8CFFF207E0E6DA37A7ADBB.taxon	description	Nomenclatural notes: — Miquel (1848) described this taxon based on a Martius collection but did not specify a herbarium. Berg & Villavicencio (2004) first cited Martius s. n. in M as the type. There are two sheets of Martius s. n. in M. We designate M 0275047 because it represents the most complete and diagnostic specimen.	en	Mitidieri-Rivera, Nicole, Damián-Parizaca, Alexander, Gardner, Elliot M., Plata-Castro, Angelo D., Zerega, Nyree J. C., Pederneiras, Leandro C. (2025): A Nomenclator of Ficus sect. Americanae (Moraceae). Part I: South America. Phytotaxa 711 (3): 215-262, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.711.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
4C1887FDFF8CFFF207E0E59F31FBAA4F.taxon	description	Nomenclatural notes: — Kunth (1817) described this taxon without specifying a holotype or herbarium but using material collected by F. W. H. A. von Humboldt from tropical America. Carauta (1989: 79) cited Bonpland 1502 in F and P as the type. Later, Berg (2012) cited Humboldt y Bonpland s. n. [or 1502] at P as the “ holotype ”, but since this happened after 1 January 2001 and he did not use the term “ designated here ” or an equivalent statement as required by Art. 7.11, his citation was not an effective designation of a lectotype. There are three sheets of this collection at P, each of them bearing its own label and they are not cross-labeled (Art. 8.3), suggesting that these sheets should be treated as duplicates. One of these sheets, P 00669786, selected here as the lectotype, contains the sequential number " 3 ” as published by Kunth (1817) under the genus Ficus in his Nova Genera et Species Plantarum and is stored in the Humboldt and Bonpland historical collection at Paris (P-Bonpl), where all original material used by Kunth in his Nova Genera et Species Plantarum (1817) are kept. The other two sheets are considered isolectotypes; one of them (P 00089293) contains a label with the following printed notation: “ Herbier de l’Amérique équatoriale, donné par M. A. Bonpland ”, which corresponds to material taken to Argentina by A. J. A Bonpland in 1816 and then returned to Paris in 1832 (Leuenberger 2002; Stauffer et al. 2012).	en	Mitidieri-Rivera, Nicole, Damián-Parizaca, Alexander, Gardner, Elliot M., Plata-Castro, Angelo D., Zerega, Nyree J. C., Pederneiras, Leandro C. (2025): A Nomenclator of Ficus sect. Americanae (Moraceae). Part I: South America. Phytotaxa 711 (3): 215-262, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.711.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
4C1887FDFF8CFFF207E0E2CA36F2A81F.taxon	description	Nomenclatural notes: — Pittier (1937) described F. ovalifolia based on a collection made by Pittier 13162, but did not specify a herbarium, thus making all specimens of that gathering syntypes (Art. 40.2 Note 1). Berg (2007) cited Pittier 13162 stored at VEN as the “ holotype ”, but since this happened after 1 January 2001 and he did not use the term “ designated here ” or an equivalent statement as required by Art. 7.11, his citation was not an effective designation of a lectotype. We designate VEN 373 as the lectotype because it represents the most complete and diagnostic specimen.	en	Mitidieri-Rivera, Nicole, Damián-Parizaca, Alexander, Gardner, Elliot M., Plata-Castro, Angelo D., Zerega, Nyree J. C., Pederneiras, Leandro C. (2025): A Nomenclator of Ficus sect. Americanae (Moraceae). Part I: South America. Phytotaxa 711 (3): 215-262, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.711.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
4C1887FDFF8CFFF107E0E08A3725AE32.taxon	description	Nomenclatural notes: — Herter (1940) described this taxon based on a Herter collection in “ Herb. Berl. ” (B). After reviewing material at B, we weren’t able to locate the sheet associated with this name. It is likely that the sheet was destroyed during World War II and no other original material was found. We designate P 06753528 as the neotype, which matches with the sublanceolate and cuneate leaves described in the protologue.	en	Mitidieri-Rivera, Nicole, Damián-Parizaca, Alexander, Gardner, Elliot M., Plata-Castro, Angelo D., Zerega, Nyree J. C., Pederneiras, Leandro C. (2025): A Nomenclator of Ficus sect. Americanae (Moraceae). Part I: South America. Phytotaxa 711 (3): 215-262, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.711.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
4C1887FDFF8FFFF107E0E6163085AD7E.taxon	description	Nomenclatural notes: — Herter (1940) described this taxon based on a Herter collection in “ Herb. Berl. ” (B). After reviewing material at B, we weren’t able to locate the sheet associated with this name. It is likely that the sheet was destroyed during World War II and no other original material was found. We designate a collection from the type locality as neotype, which is congruent with the protologue (MISSA 031223).	en	Mitidieri-Rivera, Nicole, Damián-Parizaca, Alexander, Gardner, Elliot M., Plata-Castro, Angelo D., Zerega, Nyree J. C., Pederneiras, Leandro C. (2025): A Nomenclator of Ficus sect. Americanae (Moraceae). Part I: South America. Phytotaxa 711 (3): 215-262, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.711.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
4C1887FDFF8FFFF107E0E5DA30B9ACBB.taxon	description	Nomenclatural notes: — Herter (1940) described this taxon based on a Lorentz collection in “ Herb. Berl. ” (B). After reviewing material at B, we weren’t able to locate the sheet associated with this name. It is likely that the sheet was destroyed during World War II and no other original material was found. We designate a collection from the type locality as neotype, which is congruent with the protologue (MW 0581608).	en	Mitidieri-Rivera, Nicole, Damián-Parizaca, Alexander, Gardner, Elliot M., Plata-Castro, Angelo D., Zerega, Nyree J. C., Pederneiras, Leandro C. (2025): A Nomenclator of Ficus sect. Americanae (Moraceae). Part I: South America. Phytotaxa 711 (3): 215-262, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.711.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
4C1887FDFF8EFFF007E0E64A3069AD9F.taxon	description	Nomenclatural notes: — S. Moore (1895) cited two specimens on the protologue (Moore 1040 a and Balansa 1985), rendering both syntypes. Berg & Villavicencio (2004) cited the “ holotype ” at BM, but since this happened after 1 January 2001 and they did not use the term “ designated here ” or an equivalent statement as required by Art. 7.11, their citation did not constitute an effective designation of a lectotype. We designate BM 000993302 as the lectotype because it represents the most complete and diagnostic specimen.	en	Mitidieri-Rivera, Nicole, Damián-Parizaca, Alexander, Gardner, Elliot M., Plata-Castro, Angelo D., Zerega, Nyree J. C., Pederneiras, Leandro C. (2025): A Nomenclator of Ficus sect. Americanae (Moraceae). Part I: South America. Phytotaxa 711 (3): 215-262, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.711.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
4C1887FDFF8EFFF007E0E5FA360AACE7.taxon	description	Nomenclatural notes: — Kunth (1817) described this taxon without specifying a holotype or herbarium but based on material collected from “ regni Novogranatensis ”. Miquel (1847: 528) was the first to explain that this material was collected by Humboldt. All original material used by Kunth in his Nova Genera et Species Plantarum (1817) is kept in the Humboldt and Bonpland historical collection at Paris (P-Bonpl). One sheet found at P, has elemets that are congruent with the ptologue including “ Melgar et Espinal ”, and the sequential number " 2 ” as published by Kunth (1817) under the genus Ficus in his Nova Genera et Species Plantarum, and is here designated as the lectotype.	en	Mitidieri-Rivera, Nicole, Damián-Parizaca, Alexander, Gardner, Elliot M., Plata-Castro, Angelo D., Zerega, Nyree J. C., Pederneiras, Leandro C. (2025): A Nomenclator of Ficus sect. Americanae (Moraceae). Part I: South America. Phytotaxa 711 (3): 215-262, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.711.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
4C1887FDFF89FFF707E0E49B317EAA23.taxon	description	Nomenclatural notes: — Pittier (1937) described this taxon based on a collection by Pittier 12533, but did not specify a herbarium, thus indicating all specimens of that gathering as syntypes (Art. 40.2 Note 1). Berg & Villavicencio (2004) were the first to indicate that the holotype was stored in VEN, but since this happened after 1 January 2001 and they did not use the term “ designated here ” or an equivalent statement as required by Art. 7.11, their citation did not constitute an effective designation of a lectotype. We designate VEN 339 as the lectotype because it represents the most complete and diagnostic specimen.	en	Mitidieri-Rivera, Nicole, Damián-Parizaca, Alexander, Gardner, Elliot M., Plata-Castro, Angelo D., Zerega, Nyree J. C., Pederneiras, Leandro C. (2025): A Nomenclator of Ficus sect. Americanae (Moraceae). Part I: South America. Phytotaxa 711 (3): 215-262, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.711.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
4C1887FDFF89FFF707E0E123319FA863.taxon	description	Nomenclatural notes: — Kunth & Bouché (1846) described this taxon based on material cultivated in the Botanical Garden Berlin, but did not specify a herbarium, thus making all specimens of that gathering syntypes (Art. 40.2 Note 1). There are two sheets of this collection at B, each of them bearing its own label and they are not cross-labeled (Art. 8.3), indicating that both sheets should be treated as duplicates. We designate B 101277889 as the lectotype because it represents the most complete and diagnostic specimen.	en	Mitidieri-Rivera, Nicole, Damián-Parizaca, Alexander, Gardner, Elliot M., Plata-Castro, Angelo D., Zerega, Nyree J. C., Pederneiras, Leandro C. (2025): A Nomenclator of Ficus sect. Americanae (Moraceae). Part I: South America. Phytotaxa 711 (3): 215-262, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.711.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
4C1887FDFF88FFF607E0E56A360EAC0F.taxon	description	Nomenclatural notes: — Sprengel (1826) described this taxon based on a Sellow collection from Brazil. Berg & Villavicencio (2004) were first to indicate the holotype was stored in B. We located a single specimen in Sprengel’s herbarium at B (B 100000047), which is congruent with the protologue and exhibits key elements matching its description, including the annotation “ Brasilia, Sellow ”. We therefore designate this specimen as the lectotype.	en	Mitidieri-Rivera, Nicole, Damián-Parizaca, Alexander, Gardner, Elliot M., Plata-Castro, Angelo D., Zerega, Nyree J. C., Pederneiras, Leandro C. (2025): A Nomenclator of Ficus sect. Americanae (Moraceae). Part I: South America. Phytotaxa 711 (3): 215-262, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.711.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
4C1887FDFF88FFF607E0E202316EA9F3.taxon	description	Nomenclatural notes: — Miquel (1847) described his species without designating a holotype or herbarium, but citing three specimens, considered syntypes. Berg & Villavicencio (2004) designated Gardner 2728 in K as lectotype. There are two sheets of this collection at K, each of them bearing its own label and they are not cross-labeled (Art. 8.3), suggesting that both sheets should be treated as duplicates. We designate K 000442946 as the second-step lectotype because it represents the most complete and diagnostic specimen and contains elements found in the protologue (viz., “ in fin Paranagoa, in fert. 1839 ”).	en	Mitidieri-Rivera, Nicole, Damián-Parizaca, Alexander, Gardner, Elliot M., Plata-Castro, Angelo D., Zerega, Nyree J. C., Pederneiras, Leandro C. (2025): A Nomenclator of Ficus sect. Americanae (Moraceae). Part I: South America. Phytotaxa 711 (3): 215-262, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.711.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
4C1887FDFF8BFFF507E0E7DE32FCADB8.taxon	description	Nomenclatural notes: — The name Ficus glabra first appeared in a series of plates in Florae Fluminensis (vol. 11, t. 50), a work authored by Fra J. M. da C. Vellozo but published posthumously in 1831 (Carauta 1969, 1973). While species diagnosis for some of Vellozo’s names were published only in Vellozo (1881), F. glabra was listed without a diagnosis. However, because plate 50 includes details of the plant habit, leaf venation, and a segment of the infructescence, the name was validly published under ICN Arts. 38.7 – 38.10. Caratuta (1989: 97) and Berg & Villavicencio (2004: 101) considered plate 50, published in 1831 [1827], as the type for this name. However, this plate does not constitute original material and is therefore not ineligible as lectotype for Vellozo’s names (Pastore et al. 2022). Instead, material from a set of unpublished illustrations housed in the Biblioteca Nacional in Rio de Janeiro is here designated as the lectotype for this taxon.	en	Mitidieri-Rivera, Nicole, Damián-Parizaca, Alexander, Gardner, Elliot M., Plata-Castro, Angelo D., Zerega, Nyree J. C., Pederneiras, Leandro C. (2025): A Nomenclator of Ficus sect. Americanae (Moraceae). Part I: South America. Phytotaxa 711 (3): 215-262, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.711.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
4C1887FDFF8BFFF507E0E2EE36F9A9F3.taxon	description	Nomenclatural notes: — Pittier (1937) described this taxon based on Pittier 12077, but did not specify a herbarium, thus making all specimens of that gathering syntypes (Art. 40.2 Note 1). Berg & Villavicencio (2004) were the first to cite a “ holotype ” at VEN, but since this happened after 1 January 2001 and they did not use the term “ designated here ” or an equivalent statement as required by Art. 7.11, their citation did not constitute an effective designation of a lectotype. We designate VEN 252 as the lectotype because it represents the most complete and diagnostic specimen.	en	Mitidieri-Rivera, Nicole, Damián-Parizaca, Alexander, Gardner, Elliot M., Plata-Castro, Angelo D., Zerega, Nyree J. C., Pederneiras, Leandro C. (2025): A Nomenclator of Ficus sect. Americanae (Moraceae). Part I: South America. Phytotaxa 711 (3): 215-262, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.711.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
4C1887FDFF8AFFF407E0E17E3118A863.taxon	description	Nomenclatural notes: — Miquel (1847) described this described this taxon but did not designate a type or herbarium. Berg & Villavicencio (2004) cited “ Hort. Bot. Berol. ” in U as the “ holotype ”, but since this happened after 1 January 2001 and they did not use the term “ designated here ” or an equivalent statement as required by Art. 7.11, their citation did not constitute an effective designation of a lectotype. We designate U 0004638 as the lectotype because it represents the most complete and diagnostic specimen.	en	Mitidieri-Rivera, Nicole, Damián-Parizaca, Alexander, Gardner, Elliot M., Plata-Castro, Angelo D., Zerega, Nyree J. C., Pederneiras, Leandro C. (2025): A Nomenclator of Ficus sect. Americanae (Moraceae). Part I: South America. Phytotaxa 711 (3): 215-262, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.711.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
4C1887FDFF95FFEB07E0E7DE3121AEA7.taxon	description	Nomenclatural notes: — Chodat (1920) described this taxon but did not designate a type or herbarium. Berg & Villavicencio (2004) cited Chodat s. n. in G as the “ holotype ”, but since this happened after 1 January 2001 and they did not use the term “ designated here ” or an equivalent statement as required by Art. 7.11, their citation did not constitute an effective designation of a lectotype. We designate G 00307294 as the lectotype because it represents the most complete and diagnostic specimen.	en	Mitidieri-Rivera, Nicole, Damián-Parizaca, Alexander, Gardner, Elliot M., Plata-Castro, Angelo D., Zerega, Nyree J. C., Pederneiras, Leandro C. (2025): A Nomenclator of Ficus sect. Americanae (Moraceae). Part I: South America. Phytotaxa 711 (3): 215-262, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.711.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
4C1887FDFF95FFEB07E0E6A2319FAC2B.taxon	description	Nomenclatural notes: — Pittier (1943) described this taxon based on Williams 15622, but did not specify a herbarium, thus indicating all specimens of that gathering as syntypes (Art. 40.2 Note 1). Berg & Villavicencio (2004) were the first to cite a “ holotype ” at VEN, but since this happened after 1 January 2001 and they did not use the term “ designated here ” or an equivalent statement as required by Art. 7.11, their citation did not constitute an effective designation of a lectotype. We found two sheets that match with the protologue. We designate VEN 354 as the lectotype because it represents the most complete and diagnostic specimen.	en	Mitidieri-Rivera, Nicole, Damián-Parizaca, Alexander, Gardner, Elliot M., Plata-Castro, Angelo D., Zerega, Nyree J. C., Pederneiras, Leandro C. (2025): A Nomenclator of Ficus sect. Americanae (Moraceae). Part I: South America. Phytotaxa 711 (3): 215-262, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.711.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
4C1887FDFF94FFEA07E0E396319FA91B.taxon	description	Nomenclatural notes: — Standley (1937) described this taxon indicating Lawrance 175 in F as the holotype. There are three sheets of this collection in F, each of them bearing its own label and they are not cross-labeled (Art. 8.3), suggesting that all sheets do not constitute a single specimen. We designate F 708523 F as the lectotype because it represents the most complete and diagnostic specimen.	en	Mitidieri-Rivera, Nicole, Damián-Parizaca, Alexander, Gardner, Elliot M., Plata-Castro, Angelo D., Zerega, Nyree J. C., Pederneiras, Leandro C. (2025): A Nomenclator of Ficus sect. Americanae (Moraceae). Part I: South America. Phytotaxa 711 (3): 215-262, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.711.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
4C1887FDFF97FFE807E0E0C23009AE32.taxon	description	Nomenclatural notes: — Standley (1948) described this taxon from a collection of Fanshawe, and indicated the type was deposited in F and NY, thus making all specimens of that gathering syntypes (Art. 40.2 Note 1). Berg & DeWolf (1975) cited an “ isotype ” in K, while Berg (2007) cited a “ holotype ” at F; however, this indication is inaccurate, since there is no holotype but syntypes, thus a lectotype designation is needed. We designate F 1173856 as the lectotype because it represents the most complete and diagnostic specimen.	en	Mitidieri-Rivera, Nicole, Damián-Parizaca, Alexander, Gardner, Elliot M., Plata-Castro, Angelo D., Zerega, Nyree J. C., Pederneiras, Leandro C. (2025): A Nomenclator of Ficus sect. Americanae (Moraceae). Part I: South America. Phytotaxa 711 (3): 215-262, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.711.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
4C1887FDFF96FFE807E0E53532CCACC6.taxon	description	Nomenclatural notes: — Castellanos (1944) described this taxon without designating a holotype but citing the following syntypes under “ material estudiado ”: Salta: Castellanos s. n. (LIL 110288), Schulz s. n. (LIL 108035), Rojas s. n. (LIL 108031), Bertoni s. n. (LIL 110310), ipse (LIL 110309), Willink s. n. (LIL 110286), ipse (LIL 110287), Schulz s. n. (LIL 99852), Meyer s. n. (LIL 93102), Hauman s. n. (BA 22661); Jujuy: Venturi s. n. (LIL 7195). Berg & Villavicencio (2004) cited Castellanos s. n. in LL as the holotype; however, this indication is inaccurate, since there is no holotype but syntypes, thus a lectotype is needed. We designate LIL 110288 as the lectotype because it represents the most complete and diagnostic specimen.	en	Mitidieri-Rivera, Nicole, Damián-Parizaca, Alexander, Gardner, Elliot M., Plata-Castro, Angelo D., Zerega, Nyree J. C., Pederneiras, Leandro C. (2025): A Nomenclator of Ficus sect. Americanae (Moraceae). Part I: South America. Phytotaxa 711 (3): 215-262, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.711.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
4C1887FDFF96FFE807E0E34130BBAA2E.taxon	description	Nomenclatural notes: — Benoist (1929) described this taxon from a collection of Benoist, but did not specify a herbarium, thus indicating all specimens of that gathering as syntypes (Art. 40.2 Note 1). Berg (1992) was first to indicate the type was stored in P. There are three sheets of Benoist 788 in P and there is no clear indication that they constitute a single specimen (Art. 8.2 and 40.2), making them duplicates. We designate P 00089302 as the second-step lectotype because it represents the most complete and diagnostic specimen.	en	Mitidieri-Rivera, Nicole, Damián-Parizaca, Alexander, Gardner, Elliot M., Plata-Castro, Angelo D., Zerega, Nyree J. C., Pederneiras, Leandro C. (2025): A Nomenclator of Ficus sect. Americanae (Moraceae). Part I: South America. Phytotaxa 711 (3): 215-262, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.711.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
4C1887FDFF91FFEF07E0E6A2321BAC2B.taxon	description	Nomenclatural notes: — Standley (1937) described this taxon indicating the holotype was stored in F. There are two sheets of Mexia 5447 in F and there is no clear indication that they constitute a single specimen (Art. 8.2 and 40.2), making them duplicates. We designate F 1965713 as the lectotype because it represents the most complete and diagnostic specimen.	en	Mitidieri-Rivera, Nicole, Damián-Parizaca, Alexander, Gardner, Elliot M., Plata-Castro, Angelo D., Zerega, Nyree J. C., Pederneiras, Leandro C. (2025): A Nomenclator of Ficus sect. Americanae (Moraceae). Part I: South America. Phytotaxa 711 (3): 215-262, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.711.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
4C1887FDFF91FFEF07E0E4BE3009ABFB.taxon	description	Nomenclatural notes: — Pittier (1941) described this taxon based on Williams 13145, but did not specify a herbarium, thus making all specimens of that gathering syntypes (Art. 40.2 Note 1). We designate VEN 361 as the lectotype because it represents the most complete and diagnostic specimen.	en	Mitidieri-Rivera, Nicole, Damián-Parizaca, Alexander, Gardner, Elliot M., Plata-Castro, Angelo D., Zerega, Nyree J. C., Pederneiras, Leandro C. (2025): A Nomenclator of Ficus sect. Americanae (Moraceae). Part I: South America. Phytotaxa 711 (3): 215-262, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.711.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
4C1887FDFF91FFEF07E0E25E32CCA847.taxon	description	Nomenclatural notes: — Hassler (1919) described this taxon based on two collections (Hassler 6096 and Hassler 12311) rendering them syntypes and without explicitly stating where this material was deposited. Carauta (1989) designated Hassler 12311 in G as the lectotype. There are two sheets of Hassler 12311 in G, each of them bearing its own label and they are not cross-labeled (Art. 8.3), indicating that these sheets should be treated as duplicates rather than a single specimen. We designate G 00307292 as the second-step lectotype because it represents the most complete and diagnostic specimen.	en	Mitidieri-Rivera, Nicole, Damián-Parizaca, Alexander, Gardner, Elliot M., Plata-Castro, Angelo D., Zerega, Nyree J. C., Pederneiras, Leandro C. (2025): A Nomenclator of Ficus sect. Americanae (Moraceae). Part I: South America. Phytotaxa 711 (3): 215-262, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.711.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
4C1887FDFF90FFEE07E0E7DE30BBAD0B.taxon	description	Nomenclatural notes: — Parodi (1943) described this taxon based on Parodi 12665, but did not specify a herbarium, thus indicating all specimens of that gathering as syntypes (Art. 40.2 Note 1). Berg & Villavicencio (2004) cited a “ holotype ” in BAA, but since this happened after 1 January 2001 and they did not use the term “ designated here ” or an equivalent statement as required by Art. 7.11, their citation did not constitute an effective designation of a lectotype. We found three sheets matching the protologue, two at BAA and one at GH. Sheets at the former are clearly labeled as being part of the single gathering. We designate sheet nr. 1 “ BAA 00001193 ” and sheet nr. 2 “ BAA 00001194 ” as the lectotype because it represents the most complete and diagnostic specimen.	en	Mitidieri-Rivera, Nicole, Damián-Parizaca, Alexander, Gardner, Elliot M., Plata-Castro, Angelo D., Zerega, Nyree J. C., Pederneiras, Leandro C. (2025): A Nomenclator of Ficus sect. Americanae (Moraceae). Part I: South America. Phytotaxa 711 (3): 215-262, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.711.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
4C1887FDFF90FFEE07E0E3F2363EAAD3.taxon	description	Nomenclatural notes: — Oliver (1877) described this taxon based on a collection from Moseley, but did not specify a herbarium, thus making all specimens of that gathering syntypes (ICN, Art. 40.2 Note 1). Berg & Villavicencio (2004) cited a “ holotype ” at K, but since this happened after 1 January 2001 and they did not use the term “ designated here ” or an equivalent statement as required by Art. 7.11, their citation did not constitute an effective designation of a lectotype. We designate K 000442985 as the lectotype because it represents the most complete and diagnostic specimen.	en	Mitidieri-Rivera, Nicole, Damián-Parizaca, Alexander, Gardner, Elliot M., Plata-Castro, Angelo D., Zerega, Nyree J. C., Pederneiras, Leandro C. (2025): A Nomenclator of Ficus sect. Americanae (Moraceae). Part I: South America. Phytotaxa 711 (3): 215-262, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.711.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
4C1887FDFF90FFEE07E0E1B23774A73F.taxon	description	Nomenclatural notes: — Pittier (1937) described this taxon based on Pittier 13128, but did not specify a herbarium, thus making all specimens of that gathering syntypes (ICN, Art. 40.2 Note 1). Berg (2009) cited a “ holotype ” at VEN, but since this happened after 1 January 2001 and he did not use the term “ designated here ” or an equivalent statement as required by Art. 7.11, his citation did not constitute an effective designation of a lectotype. We designate VEN 368 as the lectotype because it represents the most complete and diagnostic specimen.	en	Mitidieri-Rivera, Nicole, Damián-Parizaca, Alexander, Gardner, Elliot M., Plata-Castro, Angelo D., Zerega, Nyree J. C., Pederneiras, Leandro C. (2025): A Nomenclator of Ficus sect. Americanae (Moraceae). Part I: South America. Phytotaxa 711 (3): 215-262, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.711.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
4C1887FDFF93FFED07E0E66F319FADC7.taxon	description	Nomenclatural notes: — Miquel (1847) described this taxon based on Gardner 620, but did not specify a herbarium, thus making all specimens of that gathering syntypes (ICN, Art. 40.2 Note 1). Berg & Villavicencio (2004) cited a “ holotype ” at K, but since this happened after 1 January 2001 and they did not use the term “ designated here ” or an equivalent statement as required by Art. 7.11, their citation did not constitute an effective designation of a lectotype. There are two sheets of Gardner 620 in K, each of them bearing its own label and they are not cross-labeled (Art. 8.3), suggesting that both sheets should be treated as duplicates. We designate K 000442992 as the lectotype because it represents the most complete and diagnostic specimen.	en	Mitidieri-Rivera, Nicole, Damián-Parizaca, Alexander, Gardner, Elliot M., Plata-Castro, Angelo D., Zerega, Nyree J. C., Pederneiras, Leandro C. (2025): A Nomenclator of Ficus sect. Americanae (Moraceae). Part I: South America. Phytotaxa 711 (3): 215-262, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.711.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
4C1887FDFF93FFED07E0E443364DAB2F.taxon	description	Nomenclatural notes: — Pittier (1943) described this taxon based on Williams 15201, but did not specify a herbarium, thus making all specimens of that gathering syntypes (ICN, Art. 40.2 Note 1). Berg & Villavicencio (2004) cited a “ holotype ” at VEN, but since this happened after 1 January 2001 and they did not use the term “ designated here ” or an equivalent statement as required by Art. 7.11, their citation did not constitute an effective designation of a lectotype. We designate VEN 372 as the lectotype because it represents the most complete and diagnostic specimen.	en	Mitidieri-Rivera, Nicole, Damián-Parizaca, Alexander, Gardner, Elliot M., Plata-Castro, Angelo D., Zerega, Nyree J. C., Pederneiras, Leandro C. (2025): A Nomenclator of Ficus sect. Americanae (Moraceae). Part I: South America. Phytotaxa 711 (3): 215-262, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.711.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
4C1887FDFF92FFEC07E0E6FF364DADE3.taxon	description	Nomenclatural notes: — Pittier (1937) described this taxon based on Pittier 12276, but did not specify a herbarium, thus making all specimens of that gathering syntypes (ICN, Art. 40.2 Note 1). Berg & Villavicencio (2004) cited a “ holotype ” at VEN, but since this happened after 1 January 2001 and they did not use the term “ designated here ” or an equivalent statement as required by Art. 7.11, their citation did not constitute an effective designation of a lectotype. We designate VEN 394 as the lectotype because it represents the most complete and diagnostic specimen.	en	Mitidieri-Rivera, Nicole, Damián-Parizaca, Alexander, Gardner, Elliot M., Plata-Castro, Angelo D., Zerega, Nyree J. C., Pederneiras, Leandro C. (2025): A Nomenclator of Ficus sect. Americanae (Moraceae). Part I: South America. Phytotaxa 711 (3): 215-262, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.711.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
4C1887FDFF92FFE307E0E07B365AAFCA.taxon	description	Nomenclatural notes: — Miquel (1853) described this taxon based on a Pohl collection, but did not specify a herbarium, thus making all specimens of that gathering syntypes (ICN, Art. 40.2 Note 1). Berg & Villavicencio (2004) cited a “ holotype ” at U, but since this happened after 1 January 2001 and they did not use the term “ designated here ” or an equivalent statement as required by Art. 7.11, their citation did not constitute an effective designation of a lectotype. We designate U 0004665 as the lectotype because it represents the most complete and diagnostic specimen.	en	Mitidieri-Rivera, Nicole, Damián-Parizaca, Alexander, Gardner, Elliot M., Plata-Castro, Angelo D., Zerega, Nyree J. C., Pederneiras, Leandro C. (2025): A Nomenclator of Ficus sect. Americanae (Moraceae). Part I: South America. Phytotaxa 711 (3): 215-262, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.711.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
4C1887FDFF9DFFE307E0E56E3655AC0A.taxon	description	Nomenclatural notes: — Kunth & Bouché (1848) described this taxon but did not designate a type or herbarium. Berg & Villavicencio (2004) cited “ Hort. Bot. Berol. ” in B as the “ holotype ”, but since this happened after 1 January 2001 and they did not use the term “ designated here ” or an equivalent statement as required by Art. 7.11, their citation did not constitute an effective designation of a lectotype. We designate B 100000051 as the lectotype because it represents the most complete and diagnostic specimen.	en	Mitidieri-Rivera, Nicole, Damián-Parizaca, Alexander, Gardner, Elliot M., Plata-Castro, Angelo D., Zerega, Nyree J. C., Pederneiras, Leandro C. (2025): A Nomenclator of Ficus sect. Americanae (Moraceae). Part I: South America. Phytotaxa 711 (3): 215-262, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.711.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
4C1887FDFF9DFFE307E0E1923648A71E.taxon	description	Nomenclatural notes: — Pittier (1937) described this taxon based on Christ 48, but did not specify a herbarium, thus making all specimens of that gathering syntypes (ICN, Art. 40.2 Note 1). Berg (2009) was first to indicate the holotype was stored in VEN, but since this happened after 1 January 2001 and he did not use the term “ designated here ” or an equivalent statement as required by Art. 7.11, his citation did not constitute an effective designation of a lectotype. We designate US 00090230 as the lectotype because it represents the most complete and diagnostic specimen.	en	Mitidieri-Rivera, Nicole, Damián-Parizaca, Alexander, Gardner, Elliot M., Plata-Castro, Angelo D., Zerega, Nyree J. C., Pederneiras, Leandro C. (2025): A Nomenclator of Ficus sect. Americanae (Moraceae). Part I: South America. Phytotaxa 711 (3): 215-262, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.711.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
4C1887FDFF9CFFE207E0E226328BA863.taxon	description	Nomenclatural notes: — Miquel (1847) described this taxon based on a Salzmann collection, but did not specify a herbarium, thus making all specimens of that gathering syntypes (ICN, Art. 40.2 Note 1). Berg & Villavicencio (2004) cited Salzmann s. n. (521?) in K as the “ holotype ”, but since this happened after 1 January 2001 and they did not use the term “ designated here ” or an equivalent statement as required by Art. 7.11, their citation did not constitute an effective designation of a lectotype. There are two sheets of Salzmann in K and there is no clear indication that they constitute a single specimen (Art. 8.2 and 40.2), making them duplicates. We designate K 000442994 as the lectotype because it represents the most complete and diagnostic specimen. Salzmann’s collection number 521 is confirmed from the isolectoype at G (G 00438362).	en	Mitidieri-Rivera, Nicole, Damián-Parizaca, Alexander, Gardner, Elliot M., Plata-Castro, Angelo D., Zerega, Nyree J. C., Pederneiras, Leandro C. (2025): A Nomenclator of Ficus sect. Americanae (Moraceae). Part I: South America. Phytotaxa 711 (3): 215-262, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.711.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
4C1887FDFF9FFFE107E0E66E3009AEEF.taxon	description	Nomenclatural notes: — Pittier (1937) described this taxon based on Christ 49, but did not specify a herbarium, thus making all specimens of that gathering syntypes (ICN, Art. 40.2 Note 1). We designate VEN 439 as the lectotype because it represents the most complete and diagnostic specimen.	en	Mitidieri-Rivera, Nicole, Damián-Parizaca, Alexander, Gardner, Elliot M., Plata-Castro, Angelo D., Zerega, Nyree J. C., Pederneiras, Leandro C. (2025): A Nomenclator of Ficus sect. Americanae (Moraceae). Part I: South America. Phytotaxa 711 (3): 215-262, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.711.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
4C1887FDFF9FFFE107E0E3623000AA20.taxon	description	Nomenclatural notes: — Rojas (1918) described this taxon but did not designate a type or herbarium. Berg & Villavicencio (2004) were not able to trace original material in any herbaria. After reviewing type material from different herbaria in America and Europe, we weren’t able to locate any sheet associated with this name. It is likely that the sheet was lost. We designate ASU 0045170 as the neotype.	en	Mitidieri-Rivera, Nicole, Damián-Parizaca, Alexander, Gardner, Elliot M., Plata-Castro, Angelo D., Zerega, Nyree J. C., Pederneiras, Leandro C. (2025): A Nomenclator of Ficus sect. Americanae (Moraceae). Part I: South America. Phytotaxa 711 (3): 215-262, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.711.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
4C1887FDFF9EFFE007E0E54632A8A9D7.taxon	description	Nomenclatural notes: — K. F. P. von Martius (1841) described this taxon based on syntypes collected from Cuiabá (Matto Grosso) and Formigas (Minas Gerais). Berg & DeWolf (1975) first suggested “ Martius 179 (“ not the specimen photographed by Macbride ”) ” in M as the type, while. Berg & Villavicencio (2004) indicated Martius 584 in M as the holotype. This discrepancy in collection numbers likely arises from the way Martius enumerated several new species published in the journal Flora under “ Herbarium Florae Brasiliensis ”. Specifically, Ficus subtriplinervia was listed as species # 584. In contrast, “ Martius 179 ” does not refer to a collection number but rather a tag later appended by a curator at M who numbered the specimens in Martius’ herbarium (Hajo Esser, pers. comm.). The reference to this tag number confirms that Berg and DeWolf (1975) intended sheet M 0275045 to serve as the lectotype. Three sheets housed at M can be regarded as original material. On of these, designated as the lectotype, bears the curator’s tag number 179, although the label accompanying this specimen lacks any locality information. Consequently, it is not possible to definitively associate this specimen with Formigas (Minas Gerais), particularly since a second sheet (M 0275023) explicitly identifies Pará as the collection locality. Only the third sheet (M 0275022) lists Formigas (Minas Gerais) as the provenance of the specimen. Many of the species described by Martius were based on collections made by himself and other botanists between 1830 and 1840. This material was later distributed to several European herbaria, typically accompanied by printed labels bearing the inscription “ Martii Herbar Florae Brasil Nº. ” (De Moraes et al. 2013). The original material prepared for the “ Herbarium Florae Brasiliensis ” was preserved in Martius’s private herbarium, initially held at Botanische Staatssammlung München (M) and later transferred to the Meise Botanic Garden (BR) in 1870. Meanwhile, collections made personally by Martius remained at M. Specimens housed at BR often include information about the collectors who provided material to Martius (Hind 2022). In the specific case of F. subtriplinervia, the syntype collected from Cuiabá was gathered by António Luiz Patrício da Silva Manso, a Brazilian botanist based in Mato Grosso, who sent numerous specimens to Martius between 1830 and 1833 (Falcade 2013). The sheets housed in BR represent this syntype and include label data consistent with the protologue. For examples, Martius noted that the specimen was collected in the forests of Cuiabá in September and described key morphological features, such as “ receptaculis globos. ” (= receptaculis globosis) and “ fol. oval. ” (= “ foliis ... ovato-lanceolatis ”).	en	Mitidieri-Rivera, Nicole, Damián-Parizaca, Alexander, Gardner, Elliot M., Plata-Castro, Angelo D., Zerega, Nyree J. C., Pederneiras, Leandro C. (2025): A Nomenclator of Ficus sect. Americanae (Moraceae). Part I: South America. Phytotaxa 711 (3): 215-262, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.711.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
4C1887FDFF9EFFE707E0E0AE32B5AFCE.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE: — Hort. Bot. Berol., from Caracas, February 1846, C. Kunth & C. D. Bouché s. n. (lectotype, designated by Berg & DeWolf [1975: 241]: B – 100002771!).	en	Mitidieri-Rivera, Nicole, Damián-Parizaca, Alexander, Gardner, Elliot M., Plata-Castro, Angelo D., Zerega, Nyree J. C., Pederneiras, Leandro C. (2025): A Nomenclator of Ficus sect. Americanae (Moraceae). Part I: South America. Phytotaxa 711 (3): 215-262, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.711.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
4C1887FDFF99FFE707E0E40B321BABB3.taxon	description	Nomenclatural notes: — Benoist (1929) described this taxon based on Sagot 1165, but did not specify a herbarium, thus making all specimens of that gathering syntypes (Art. 40.2 Note 1). Berg & DeWolf (1975) inadvertently designated Sagot 1165 in P as the lectotype (ICN, Arts. 7.11 and 9.10). There are three sheets of Sagot 1165 in P, each of them bearing its own label and they are not cross-labeled (Art. 8.3), suggesting that both sheets should be treated as duplicates. We designate P 00089305 as the second-step lectotype because it represents the most complete and diagnostic specimen.	en	Mitidieri-Rivera, Nicole, Damián-Parizaca, Alexander, Gardner, Elliot M., Plata-Castro, Angelo D., Zerega, Nyree J. C., Pederneiras, Leandro C. (2025): A Nomenclator of Ficus sect. Americanae (Moraceae). Part I: South America. Phytotaxa 711 (3): 215-262, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.711.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
4C1887FDFF99FFE707E0E3973009AAD3.taxon	description	Nomenclatural notes: — Pittier (1941) described this taxon based on Williams 13347, but did not specify a herbarium, thus making all specimens of that gathering syntypes (Art. 40.2 Note 1). We designate VEN 362 as the lectotype because it represents the most complete and diagnostic specimen.	en	Mitidieri-Rivera, Nicole, Damián-Parizaca, Alexander, Gardner, Elliot M., Plata-Castro, Angelo D., Zerega, Nyree J. C., Pederneiras, Leandro C. (2025): A Nomenclator of Ficus sect. Americanae (Moraceae). Part I: South America. Phytotaxa 711 (3): 215-262, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.711.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
4C1887FDFF99FFE707E0E1B33009A8F7.taxon	description	Nomenclatural notes: — Pittier (1937) described this taxon based on Pittier 10019, but did not specify a herbarium, thus making all specimens of that gathering syntypes (Art. 40.2 Note 1). We designate VEN 443 as the lectotype because it represents the most complete and diagnostic specimen.	en	Mitidieri-Rivera, Nicole, Damián-Parizaca, Alexander, Gardner, Elliot M., Plata-Castro, Angelo D., Zerega, Nyree J. C., Pederneiras, Leandro C. (2025): A Nomenclator of Ficus sect. Americanae (Moraceae). Part I: South America. Phytotaxa 711 (3): 215-262, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.711.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
4C1887FDFF98FFE607E0E46632CCABB3.taxon	description	Nomenclatural notes: — Pittier (1937) described this taxon based on Pittier 12277, but did not specify a herbarium, thus making all specimens of that gathering syntypes (Art. 40.2 Note 1). Berg & Villavicencio (2004) cited a “ holotype ” at VEN, but since this happened after 1 January 2001 and they did not use the term “ designated here ” or an equivalent statement as required by Art. 7.11, their citation did not constitute an effective designation of a lectotype. We were not able to find the specimen in VEN. We designate B 10 0244669 as the lectotype because it represents the most complete and diagnostic specimen.	en	Mitidieri-Rivera, Nicole, Damián-Parizaca, Alexander, Gardner, Elliot M., Plata-Castro, Angelo D., Zerega, Nyree J. C., Pederneiras, Leandro C. (2025): A Nomenclator of Ficus sect. Americanae (Moraceae). Part I: South America. Phytotaxa 711 (3): 215-262, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.711.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
4C1887FDFF9BFFE507E0E4D33395AA07.taxon	description	Nomenclatural notes: — Rusby (1910) described this taxon based on syntypes Williams 413, Williams 146, and Williams 420, and did not designate a holotype or herbarium. Berg & Villavicencio (2004) cited Williams 413 in NY as the “ holotype ”, but since this happened after 1 January 2001 and they did not use the term “ designated here ” or an equivalent statement as required by Art. 7.11, their citation did not constitute an effective designation of a lectotype. We designate Williams 413 (NY 285068) as the lectotype because it represents the most complete and diagnostic specimen.	en	Mitidieri-Rivera, Nicole, Damián-Parizaca, Alexander, Gardner, Elliot M., Plata-Castro, Angelo D., Zerega, Nyree J. C., Pederneiras, Leandro C. (2025): A Nomenclator of Ficus sect. Americanae (Moraceae). Part I: South America. Phytotaxa 711 (3): 215-262, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.711.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
4C1887FDFF9AFFE407E0E106324FA84E.taxon	description	Nomenclatural notes: — This taxon was validly published by Dugand (1943) based on a Martius collection at M but it has been regarded to be a species in Marcgraviaceae. We were not able to locate this sheet in the M herbarium among Ficus collections and those from Marcgraviaceae and is thus presumed to be destroyed. We designate U 0004570 as the lectotype.	en	Mitidieri-Rivera, Nicole, Damián-Parizaca, Alexander, Gardner, Elliot M., Plata-Castro, Angelo D., Zerega, Nyree J. C., Pederneiras, Leandro C. (2025): A Nomenclator of Ficus sect. Americanae (Moraceae). Part I: South America. Phytotaxa 711 (3): 215-262, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.711.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
4C1887FDFF9AFFE407E0E20632BAA903.taxon	description	List of doubtful and excluded names The following names are listed here because they either lack nomenclatural types originating in South America or have been reassigned to other taxa.	en	Mitidieri-Rivera, Nicole, Damián-Parizaca, Alexander, Gardner, Elliot M., Plata-Castro, Angelo D., Zerega, Nyree J. C., Pederneiras, Leandro C. (2025): A Nomenclator of Ficus sect. Americanae (Moraceae). Part I: South America. Phytotaxa 711 (3): 215-262, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.711.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
4C1887FDFF9AFFE407E0E64A3218AEA7.taxon	description	List of nomina nuda	en	Mitidieri-Rivera, Nicole, Damián-Parizaca, Alexander, Gardner, Elliot M., Plata-Castro, Angelo D., Zerega, Nyree J. C., Pederneiras, Leandro C. (2025): A Nomenclator of Ficus sect. Americanae (Moraceae). Part I: South America. Phytotaxa 711 (3): 215-262, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.711.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
4C1887FDFFA5FFDB07E0E64D32BDAEA2.taxon	description	Taxonomic notes: — This taxon does not belong to the genus Ficus; it likely belongs to an undetermined genus in Rubiaceae or a related group.	en	Mitidieri-Rivera, Nicole, Damián-Parizaca, Alexander, Gardner, Elliot M., Plata-Castro, Angelo D., Zerega, Nyree J. C., Pederneiras, Leandro C. (2025): A Nomenclator of Ficus sect. Americanae (Moraceae). Part I: South America. Phytotaxa 711 (3): 215-262, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.711.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
4C1887FDFFA5FFDB07E0E6A53157AC56.taxon	description	Nomenclatural notes: — Rusby (1910) described this taxon based on Williams 1660, but did not specify a herbarium, thus indicating all specimens of that gathering as syntypes (Art. 40.2 Note 1). Rusby’s name is a later heterotypic homonym of F. oblanceolata Rusby (1907: 446). Hawkes (1948) proposed a replacement name for the homonym, but did not specify a herbarium. We designate NY – 00025327 as the lectotype because it represents the most complete and diagnostic specimen. This taxon was mistakenly placed in the genus Ficus; it likely belongs to the genus Naucleopsis Miquel (1853: 120) or a related group.	en	Mitidieri-Rivera, Nicole, Damián-Parizaca, Alexander, Gardner, Elliot M., Plata-Castro, Angelo D., Zerega, Nyree J. C., Pederneiras, Leandro C. (2025): A Nomenclator of Ficus sect. Americanae (Moraceae). Part I: South America. Phytotaxa 711 (3): 215-262, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.711.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
4C1887FDFFA5FFDB07E0E3993167AA96.taxon	description	Taxonomic notes: — This taxon does not belong to the genus Ficus; it likely belongs to an undetermined genus in Chrysophyllum or a related group.	en	Mitidieri-Rivera, Nicole, Damián-Parizaca, Alexander, Gardner, Elliot M., Plata-Castro, Angelo D., Zerega, Nyree J. C., Pederneiras, Leandro C. (2025): A Nomenclator of Ficus sect. Americanae (Moraceae). Part I: South America. Phytotaxa 711 (3): 215-262, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.711.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
