identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
651687A8FFFFFFD690BD4897F442FE99.text	651687A8FFFFFFD690BD4897F442FE99.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Morina ludlowii (M. J. Cannon) D. Y. Hong, Novon	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Morina ludlowii (M.J.Cannon) D.Y. Hong, Novon 20(4): 418. 2010. </p>
            <p> Cryptothladia ludlowii M.J. Cannon, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot. 12(1): 22. 1984.— Figure 1 </p>
            <p> Type:—   Bhutan,  Ju La , Mangde Chu, 4250 m, 19.07.1949, Ludlow, Sherriff &amp; Hicks 16903 (holotype-BM (BM 000945726) image!,  isotype-E (E 00265256) image!);  Paratypes:— Bhutan,  Me La , South Side, 4250 m, 29.05.1949, Ludlow, Sherriff &amp; Hicks 20305 (BM);   Kantanang,  Tsampa , 3850 m, 04.06.1949, Ludlow, Sherriff &amp; Hicks 19050 (BM image!, E);  Ridge of Tashigong Kurted, 3700 m, 21.08.1915, Cooper 4525 (BM image!) ;   India,  Orka La , 4000–4250 m, 29.09.1938, Kingdon-Ward 14310 (BM image!),   Mago , 4000–4250m, Kingdon-Ward 12383 (BM, K)  . </p>
            <p>Description:— Perennial herb, 35–50 cm tall. Leaves in 3–4 whorls, lanceolate to linear-oblanceolate, 5.5–11 × 0.7–1.5 cm, margin entire with 3–4 mm long spines, apex acute with short apicula, margin and midvein ciliate; petiole decurrent, sheathing, spinose. Inflorescence 10–12 cm long, densely white pilose hairy; flowers many, compactly arranged in whorls of 8–12, pale yellow to greenish yellow; involucral bracts leafy, ovate with 2–3 pairs of lateral spinose-dentate teeth, equal or exceeding flowers; involucel obconical to campanulate, 5–8 mm long, teeth 6–9, spiny, 3–5 mm long. Calyx 7–10 mm long, 2-lobed at apex, with long hairs and weakly glandular inside, glabrous outside. Corolla yellow, included, tubular, 5–6 mm long, 4-lobed, fimbriate, upper lip slightly large, hooded, hispid inside. Fertile stamens 2, hairy below anthers; nectaries present at the base; staminodes 2, much shorter than fertile anther. Style 4–5 mm long; stigma disc-shaped; Achenes subglobose, ca 3 × 1.5 mm.</p>
            <p>Flowering &amp; Fruiting:— May to September.</p>
            <p>Distribution:— India (Arunachal Pradesh), Bhutan, China.</p>
            <p> Habitat:— Grows in moss covered areas of subalpine to alpine rocky-mountains in association with  Rhododendron lepidotum, Geranium himalayense, Saxifraga hispidula etc. </p>
            <p> Specimens examined:—   India: Arunachal Pradesh, on way to  Geshila , ca 3850 m; 02.08.2022, Vikas Kumar &amp; Rahul Kumar 22119 (PLP)  . </p>
            <p> Conservation Status:— The conservation status of  Morina ludlowii is assessed using IUCN Red listing guidelines (IUCN 2022). By using GeoCAT tool based using a 2 km × 2 km grid, the extent of occurrence (EOO) and area of occupancy (AOO) were calculated as 6103 km ² and 28 km 2 respectively. Although, EOO qualified the Vulnerable however, AOO qualifies for Endangered under Criterion B2. So far,  M. ludlowii is known from five subpopulations from Bhutan, China and India. In India, it is recorded only from two localities viz. Orka La and another from Mago both were collected by Kingdon-Ward (1938). Recently, authors (VK &amp; RK) during a field exploration in Arunachal Pradesh in 2022, located a small population of about 40–50 mature individuals of this species on the way to Geshila (Tawang district). Both the Indian sub-populations are threatened by natural calamities like landslides, habitat destruction and anthropogenic activities. Based on the present observations its threat status can be evaluated as ‘Endangered’ [EN B2ab(v)]. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/651687A8FFFFFFD690BD4897F442FE99	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kumar, Rahul;Krishna, Gopal;Kumar, Vikas	Kumar, Rahul, Krishna, Gopal, Kumar, Vikas (2023): Rediscovery of Morina ludlowii (Caprifoliaceae): An overlooked species from India. Phytotaxa 591 (2): 177-180, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.591.2.10, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-22-0755-PDN
651687A8FFFDFFD690BD4EDEF5B6FD20.text	651687A8FFFDFFD690BD4EDEF5B6FD20.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Morina Linnaeus 1753	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Identification Key to  Morina L. in India:— </p>
            <p> 1a. Fertile anthers 4 ..............................................................................................................................................................  M. nepalense</p>
            <p>1b. Fertile anthers 2 ..................................................................................................................................................................................2</p>
            <p> 2a. Involucral bracts connate at the base forming a shallow cup; involucel teeth 1/2 or less as long as tube ....................  M. polyphylla</p>
            <p>2b. Involucral bracts free; involucel teeth at least 2/3 as long as tube .....................................................................................................3</p>
            <p> 3a. Leaves entire or slightly toothed; flowers usually 20 or more close-packed whorls, 8–12 flowers in each whorls ........  M. ludlowii</p>
            <p>3b. Leaves lobed; flowers few, distantly arranged in whorls ...................................................................................................................4</p>
            <p> 4a. Flowers yellow; stamen filament about half as long as corolla lobe............................................................................  M. coulteriana</p>
            <p>4b. Flowers white or pink or pinkish-white; stamen filaments longer than half of corolla lobe..............................................................5</p>
            <p> 5a. Calyx entire or emarginate; stamen filaments ca 10 mm long ............................................................................................  M. persica</p>
            <p> 5b. Calyx lobes bi-fid; stamen filaments 1–3 mm long.........................................................................................................  M. longifolia</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/651687A8FFFDFFD690BD4EDEF5B6FD20	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kumar, Rahul;Krishna, Gopal;Kumar, Vikas	Kumar, Rahul, Krishna, Gopal, Kumar, Vikas (2023): Rediscovery of Morina ludlowii (Caprifoliaceae): An overlooked species from India. Phytotaxa 591 (2): 177-180, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.591.2.10, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-22-0755-PDN
