identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
A4CEAB3DBD375B09A806EA3E849770E2.text	A4CEAB3DBD375B09A806EA3E849770E2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Homatula shexiang Cao, Liu, Zeng & Zhang 2025	<div><p>Homatula shexiang Cao, Liu, Zeng &amp; Zhang sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 4, 5</p><p>Nemachelius variegatus: Wu, 1987: 27 (Wu-Jiang).</p><p>Paracobitis variegatus: Ding, 1994: 51 (Wu-Jiang).</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>IHB 202006048998, 100.2 mm SL; China: Guizhou: Guiyang City: Xiuwen District: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=106.48944&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.903055" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 106.48944/lat 26.903055)">Maodong-He, a stream tributary to Maotiao-He, under Wugong Bridge</a> (26°54'11"N, 106°29'22"E); collected by D. M. Guo and W. H. Shao, June 2020.</p><p>Paratypes.</p><p>IHB 202006048993 –8997, 202006048999–9002, 202006200601–0602, 11 specimens, 71.9–125.6 mm SL; other date same as holotype .   IHB 202006048907 –8911, five specimens, 71.0– 132.5 mm SL; China: Guizhou: Guiyang City: Kaiyang District: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=107.000275&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.120556" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 107.000275/lat 27.120556)">Macha-He</a> (27°7'14"N, 107°0'1"E), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=107.000275&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.120556" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 107.000275/lat 27.120556)">a stream tributary to Qingshui-He</a>; collected by D. M. Guo and W. H. Shao, June 2020  .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>A member of the partially scaled group of  Homatula defined by having a sparsely scaled or unscaled predorsal body. It differs from all other eight species of this group, except  H. longidorsalis in possessing 9 (vs. 7 or 8) branched dorsal-fin rays.  Homatula shexiang differs from this species in having an adipose crest along the dorsal mid-line of the caudal peduncle anteriorly terminating vertically away from the anal-fin origin (vs. above the anal-fin origin), a deep (vs. shallow) head (depth 54.0–60.8 % of its length vs. 46.46–48.65 %) and a slender (vs. stout) caudal peduncle with (depth 40.4–55.2 % vs. 57.2–61.5 % of its length).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Morphometric measurements for type specimens given in Table 2. General appearance of holotype shown in in Fig. 4.</p><p>Body elongated, anteriorly cylindrical and posteriorly compressed laterally, with uniform depth from behind head to caudal-fin base. Ventral profile of head straight or slightly concave; ventral profile of head and body almost straight or slightly concave from pectoral-fin insertion to anal-fin origin and slightly convex from anal-fin origin to caudal-fin base. Body partially scaled; no scales on predorsal body, but scales only present on body behind dorsal-fin origin. Lateral line complete, with 85–95 pored scales, extending along mid-lateral body to caudal-fin base. Adipose crests along dorsal and ventral mid-lines of caudal peduncle supported by rudimentary rays. Dorsal adipose crest anteriorly terminating beyond the posterior end of the anal-fin base, but away from anal-fin origin.</p><p>Head relatively long and slightly depressed, wider than deep. Snout blunt in lateral view, slightly shorter than postorbital head. Eye oval with slightly convex interorbital space, positioned dorsolaterally in upper half of head, not reaching dorsal profile when viewed laterally; diameter less than interorbital width. Anterior and posterior nostrils set closely; anterior nostril situated at end of small and oblique tube. Mouth inferior; lips slightly thick, slightly folded and smooth with small median incision in upper lip and marked median longitudinal groove on lower lip. Upper jaw with shallow processus dentiformis and lower jaw spoon-like without median notch. Two pairs of rostral barbels; inner barbels extending to rictus and outer barbels reaching rictus. Maxillary barbels rooted in corners of mouth, extending close to vertical through middle of eye, but short of posterior margin of eye. Cephalic lateralis system with 8 supraorbital, 4 + 10 infraorbital, 9 preoperculo-mandibular and 3 supratemporal pores. Gill opening large, with its upper extremity aligned with centre of orbit.</p><p>Fin rays flexible. Dorsal fin with 3 unbranched and 9 branched rays; longest ray shorter than dorsal-fin base; distal margin slightly convex. Pectoral fin with one unbranched and 9–11 branched rays, tip of depressed fin not reaching mid-way between pectoral- and pelvic-fin insertion. Pelvic fin with one unbranched and 7–8 branched rays, reaching about mid-way between pelvic-fin insertion and anus; origin of pelvic fin at vertical of 1 st or 2 nd branched dorsal fin ray. Anus positioned closer to anal-fin origin than to pelvic-fin insertion; separated from anal-fin origin by distance 1.5–2 times greater than eye diameter. Anal fin with 3 unbranched and 5 branched rays, tip of depressed fin not reaching caudal-fin base; distal margin slightly convex. Caudal fin rounded; upper and lower lobes with 9 and 8 branched rays, respectively.</p><p>Vertebrae 4 + 42–43 (n = 4), including 20–21 abdominal and 22 caudal vertebrae. Gas bladder bipartite; anterior chamber invisible, fully enclosed in capsule; posterior chamber degenerative. Intestine with a distinct transverse bend not reaching posterior end of U-shaped stomach.</p><p>Colouration.</p><p>In formalin-stored specimens (Fig. 4), ground colour of body yellowish. Dorsal and lateral head yellowish with vermiform brown marks; ventral head yellow, with white snout, lips and barbels. Eight or nine brown irregularly-shaped bars along dorsal mid-line of body from behind head to origin of dorsal adipose crest. Thirteen to fifteen brown vertical bars on flank; anterior nine bars usually confused with brown bars along dorsal mid-line of body and wider than interspace space; three or four brown vertical bars on caudal peduncle equal to interspace width. Ventral body surface white-yellow. Melanin pigments on branched rays to form proximal and subdistal brownish bands across dorsal fin. Pectoral, pelvic fins and anal fin translucent white-yellow. Caudal fin and adipose crest dusky, sometimes with some blackish spots. Caudal-fin base with a dark brown vertical bar. In freshly-collected specimens (Fig. 5), overall body colouration similar to that in formalin-stored specimens, but a little bright. Caudal fin and dorsal adipose crest reddish, particularly during spawning season.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>To date, known only from Wu-Jiang, tributary to upper Chang-Jiang in Guiyang and Qianxi, Guizhou Province, China (Fig. 3).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific epithet, here used as a noun, is named after Mrs. She Xiang (奢香夫人), an outstanding female politician and the leader of the Yi nationality in Guizhou Province during the Min Dynasty. The Wugong Bridge, type locality of the new species, is one of stone bridges across the Maodong-He built by Mrs. She Xiang six hundred years ago. A corresponding common name “ 奢香荷马条鳅 ” in Chinese is proposed here for this new species.</p><p>Phylogenetic analysis and genetic distances</p><p>A total of 16 Cytb gene sequences with 1080 bp in length were amplified in this study. The molecular phylogenetic trees generated from the BI and ML analyses showed the same topologies, only the BI tree with Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP) and bootstrap support (BS) value being presented in Fig. 6. From the tree topologies, species of  Homatula in China form a monophyletic clade with a high support. The two new species,  H. shexiang sp. nov. and  H. xiangzhi sp. nov., formed a highly-supported lineage itself and then constituted a well-supported clade which was sister to the species  H. tigris with weak support. This group consisting of the three species was recovered as the sister to a well-supported clade formed by seven other species distributed in the Chang-Jiang, Huang-He and Nanpan-Jiang drainage areas.</p><p>The genetic distances between the  Homatula species are provided in Table 3. Interspecific genetic distance between the two new species,  H. shexiang and  H. xiangzhi and other congeneric species ranged from 6.7 % to 12.5 % and 7.1 % to 11.5 % (Table 4), respectively. Interspecific genetic distance between the two new species was 3.6 % and intraspecific genetic divergence was 0.61 % and 0.06 % for  H. shexiang and  H. xiangzhi, respectively. The molecular phylogenetic results supported  H. shexiang and  H. xiangzhi to be two distinct species.</p><p>a: morphometric measurements data used here is from Min and Yang (2021); b: morphometric measurements data used here is from Guo et al. (2021); c: the data used here is from Che et al. (2023); d: the data used here is from Min et al. (2010); e: the data used here is from Min et al. (2013); f: the data used here is from Min et al. (2022); g: the data used here is from Yang et al. (2017).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A4CEAB3DBD375B09A806EA3E849770E2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Cao, Liang;Liu, Yi;Zeng, Zhixuan;Yi, Wenjing;Zhang, E	Cao, Liang, Liu, Yi, Zeng, Zhixuan, Yi, Wenjing, Zhang, E (2025): Two new species of the loach genus Homatula Nichols, 1925 (Pisces, Nemacheilidae) from the upper Chang-Jiang Basin in China. Zoosystematics and Evolution 101 (2): 697-710, DOI: 10.3897/zse.101.146027
202DE744D4B0577E81BD7DA72059C44F.text	202DE744D4B0577E81BD7DA72059C44F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Homatula xiangzhi Cao, Liu, Zeng & Zhang 2025	<div><p>Homatula xiangzhi Cao, Liu, Zeng &amp; Zhang sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 1, 2.</p><p>Nemachelius variegatus: Wu, 1987: 27 (Nanming-He of Wu-Jiang).</p><p>Paracobitis variegatus: Ding, 1994: 51 (Wulong County, Wu-Jiang).</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>IHB 202006048865, 98.0 mm SL; China: Guizhou Province: Guiyang City: Wudang District: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=106.91722&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.7725" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 106.91722/lat 26.7725)">Baishui-He, a tributary of Qingshui-He discharging into Wu-Jiang, at Shanglongjiao Village</a> (26°46'21"N, 106°55'02"E) of Xiangzhi-Gou; collected by Z. X. Zeng in June 2020.</p><p>Paratypes.</p><p>IHB 202006048864, 202006049211–9212, three specimens, 53.7–133.4 mm SL; other date same as holotype .   IHB 20180055996 –5997, two specimens, 61.0– 76.6 mm SL and IHB 202006048866 –8867, two specimens, 60.5–73.1 mm SL; China: Guizhou Province: Guiyang City: Wudang District: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=113.21083&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.697777" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 113.21083/lat 26.697777)">Pudu-He, a stream tributary to Qingshui-He of Wu-Jiang, at Duzhai Village</a> (26°41'52"N, 113°12'39"E); collected by L. Cao, C. T. An and Z. T. Wang in October 2018 and by D. M. Guo and W. H. Shao in June 2020  .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>A member of the scaleless group of  Homatula, defined by having no scales on the body or a small number of scales sparsely scattering over the caudal peduncle. It is distinct from other six species of the group in having a complete (vs. incomplete in  H. wujiangensis) lateral line, an elongate (vs. stout) body with a uniform depth (vs. non-uniform, gradually decreasing towards the caudal-fin base in  H. wujiangensis and  H. robusta), an adipose crest along the dorsal mid-line of the caudal peduncle anteriorly terminating vertically away from the anal-fin origin, but beyond the posterior end of the anal-fin base (vs. above vertical of the posterior end of the anal-fin base in  H. wenshanensis; above or beyond the anal-fin origin in  H. nanpanjiangensis,  H. oligolepis,  H. disparizona and  H. robusta), a slender (vs. stout) caudal peduncle with (depth 42.0–53.8 % of its length vs. 70.5–78.5 % in  H. robusta and 100.0–120.0 % in  H. wujiangensis) of its length, vertebrae 4 + 42-43 (vs. 4 + 47–48 in  H. wenshanensis and 4 + 35–41 in remaining species), more branched dorsal-fin rays (9 vs. 7–8 in  H. disparizona,  H. robusta,  H. wenshanensis and  H. wujiangensis), a truncate (vs. emarginate in  H. disparizona,  H. nanpanjiangensis and  H. robusta and forked in  H. wenshanensis) and no median notch on the lower jaw (vs. present in  H. nanpanjiangensis,  H. oligolepis,  H. robusta,  H. wenshanensis and  H. wujiangensis).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Morphometric measurements for type specimens given in Table 2 and general appearance of holotype shown in Fig. 1.</p><p>Body elongated, anteriorly cylindrical and posteriorly compressed laterally, with uniform depth from behind head to caudal peduncle. Ventral profile of head straight or slightly concave; ventral profile of body straight or slightly concaved from pectoral-fin insertion to anal-fin origin and slightly convex from anal-fin origin to caudal-fin base. Body nearly scaleless; only a few tiny scales scattered over caudal peduncle. Lateral line complete, with 80–90 pored scales, extending along mid-lateral body to caudal-fin base. Adipose crests along dorsal and ventral mid-lines of caudal peduncle supported by rudimentary rays; dorsal adipose crest anteriorly terminating vertically away from the anal-fin origin, but beyond the posterior end of the anal-fin base and ventral adipose crest anteriorly extending close to posterior end of anal-fin base. Head relatively long and slightly depressed, wider than deep. Snout blunt when viewed laterally, shorter than postorbital head and slightly pointed in dorsal view. Eye oval or elliptical with slightly convex interorbital space, placed dorsolaterally in upper half of head, not reaching dorsal profile, when viewed laterally; eye diameter less than interorbital width. Anterior and posterior nostrils set closely; anterior nostril situated at end of small and oblique tube. Mouth inferior; lips thick, slightly folded, smooth with small median incision in upper lip and marked median longitudinal groove on lower lip. Upper jaw with shallow processus dentiformis; lower jaw spoon-like, without median notch. Two pairs of rostral barbels; inner barbels extending close to rictus and outer barbels reaching rictus. Maxillary barbels rooted in corners of mouth, extending close to vertical through middle of eye. Cephalic lateralis system with 8 supraorbital, 4 + 10 infraorbital, 9 pre-operculo-mandibular and 3 supratemporal pores. Gill opening large, with its upper extremity aligned with centre of orbit.</p><p>Fin rays flexible. Dorsal fin with 3 unbranched and 9 branched rays; longest ray shorter than dorsal-fin base; distal margin slightly convex; origin closer to snout tip than to caudal-fin base. Pectoral fin with one unbranched and 9–11 branched rays, tip of depressed fin not reaching mid-way between pectoral- and pelvic-fin insertion. Pelvic fin with one unbranched and 7–8 branched rays, reaching about half the distance between pelvic-fin insertion and anus; origin of pelvic fin at vertical of 1 st or 2 nd branched dorsal fin ray. Axillary lobe present on pelvic-fin base. Anus set closer to anal-fin origin than to pelvic-fin insertion; separated from anal-fin origin by distance 1.2–1.5 times greater than eye diameter. Anal fin with 3 unbranched and 5 branched rays, tip of depressed fin not reaching caudal-fin base; distal margin slightly convex. Caudal fin with 9 + 8 branched rays and truncate with slightly concave outer margin.</p><p>Vertebrae 4 + 42–43 (n = 5), including 20–21 abdominal and 22 caudal vertebrae. Gas bladder bipartite; anterior chamber invisible, fully enclosed in capsule; posterior chamber degenerative. Intestine with a distinct transverse bend not reaching posterior end of U-shaped stomach.</p><p>Colouration.</p><p>In formalin-stored specimens (Fig. 1), ground colour of body yellowish, with light yellowish ventral surface. Head yellowish with vermiform marks; snout, lips and anterior nostril light white. Thirteen to fourteen brown vertical bars on flank; anterior six or seven bars oval and closely set, but six post-dorsal bars nearly oblong and deep. Four or five brown rounded bars along dorsal mid-line of predorsal body; last three bars merged into a brown band in some individuals; some brown bars of irregular shape inserted between rounded bars along dorsal mid-line and vertical bars on flank, less or more touched with these bars and sometimes merged to form discontinuous brown band. Some irregular brown bars present on dorsum from behind dorsal-fin origin to anterior end of adipose crest amongst dorsal mid-line of caudal peduncle. A brown lateral stripe extending along base of dorsal adipose crest. Melanin pigments on branched rays forming proximal and subdistal brownish bands across dorsal fin. Pectoral, pelvic and anal fins translucent white yellowish. Caudal fin greyish with some dark black spots and blackish distal edge. Caudal-fin base with dark brown vertical bar. In freshly-collected individuals (Fig. 2), overall body colouration very similar to that of formalin-preserved specimens, but a little bright. Caudal fins and dorsal adipose crest red, particularly in spawning season.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>The type specimens were collected from Qingshui-He, tributary to Wu-Jiang of upper Chang-Jiang Basin in Guizhou Province, China. The species is also known from upstream of Mengjiang, tributary to Zhu-Jiang Basin in Huaxi District of Guiyang City and Changshun County of Qiannan Prefecture, Guizhou Province, China (Fig. 3).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific epithet, used as a noun, is named after ‘ Xiangzhi’. This Chinese word means fragrant paper. The type locality (Xiangzhi-Gou) is named after the local intangible cultural heritage, the fragrant paper manufacturing technique. A corresponding common Chinese name “ 香纸荷马条鳅 ” is proposed here for the new species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/202DE744D4B0577E81BD7DA72059C44F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Cao, Liang;Liu, Yi;Zeng, Zhixuan;Yi, Wenjing;Zhang, E	Cao, Liang, Liu, Yi, Zeng, Zhixuan, Yi, Wenjing, Zhang, E (2025): Two new species of the loach genus Homatula Nichols, 1925 (Pisces, Nemacheilidae) from the upper Chang-Jiang Basin in China. Zoosystematics and Evolution 101 (2): 697-710, DOI: 10.3897/zse.101.146027
