identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
73560112CE39A928C6F25BE1B7E6FCE7.text	73560112CE39A928C6F25BE1B7E6FCE7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Psechrus Thorell 1878	<div><p>Genus  Psechrus Thorell, 1878</p><p>Type species:  Tegenaria argentata Doleschall, 1857, from Indonesia.</p><p>Diagnosis. For description and diagnosis of the genus see Bayer (2012).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/73560112CE39A928C6F25BE1B7E6FCE7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sudhin, Puthoor Pattammal;Sarma, Shouvik Mali Pratyush Das;Sen, Souvik	Sudhin, Puthoor Pattammal, Sarma, Shouvik Mali Pratyush Das, Sen, Souvik (2025): Two new species of the spider genus Psechrus Thorell, 1878 (Araneae: Psechridae) from northeastern India. Zootaxa 5609 (3): 419-429, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5609.3.7, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5609.3.7
73560112CE39A92AC6F25AD9B039F93A.text	73560112CE39A92AC6F25AD9B039F93A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Psechrus chizami Sudhin & Sarma & Sen 2025	<div><p>Psechrus chizami sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 1–3, 8</p><p>Type material.   Holotype ♀ (NZC-ZSI-9428/18) from INDIA: Nagaland: Phek District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=94.38583&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.596945" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 94.38583/lat 25.596945)">Chizami</a> (25°35’49”N 94°23’09”E), 1400 m a.s.l., 02.III.2024, leg. P. P. Sudhin.</p><p>Etymology. The species is named after its type locality, Chizami, a small village in Nagaland, North East India. The name is treated as a noun in apposition.</p><p>Diagnosis.  Psechrus chizami sp. nov. can be easily distinguished from those of all other  Psechrus species by its unique epigynal morphology: epigyne possesses a broad median septum (MS), with its anterio-central section forming an atrium bordered by a sclerotized rim, giving it an ear-muff-like appearance; copulatory ducts long, forming a loop before entering the spermathecae posteriorly; spermathecae rounded (Figs 1C–F, 2, 3).</p><p>Description. Female. (Holotype, NZC-ZSI-9431/18) (Figs 1–3) Measurements: body length 20.92; carapace length 9.82, width 6.67, anterior width of carapace 4.28; opisthosoma length 11.10, width 6.04. Eye diameters: AME 0.40, ALE 0.51, PME 0.59, PLE 0.52. Eye interdistances: AME–AME 0.24, AME–ALE 0.07, ALE–ALE 1.02, PLE–PLE 1.84, PME–PME 0.24, PME–PLE 0.36, AME–PME 0.54, ALE–PLE 0.46. Clypeus height at AME 0.81, clypeus height at ALE 0.63. Chelicerae 3.12 long, with 2 promarginal and 4 retromarginal teeth. Measurement of palp and legs: Palp: 10.73 [4.13, 1.45, 1.96, 3.19], legs I 55.82 [14.68, 3.99, 16.42, 14.08, 6.65], II 45.1 [12.38, 3.20, 12.86, 11.08, 5.58], III 30.18 [9.46, 2.16, 7.56, 7.28, 3.27], IV 45.43 [13.54, 3.18, 12.09, 11.24, 5.38]. Leg formula: 1423. Spination. Palp: femur pl 1 rl 1 do 3, patella pl 1 do 1, tibia pl 2 do1, tarsus pl 2 rl 2 plv 1. Legs: femur I–II pl 5 rl 6 do 5, III–IV pl 5 rl 5 do 5; tibia I–II pl 3 rl 3 plv 4 rlv 4, III pl 3 rl 3 plv 2 rlv 2, IV pl 3 rl 3 plv 3 rlv 3; metatarsus I–II pl 1 rl 1 plv 4 rlv 4 v 1, III–IV pl 2 rl 2 plv 3 rlv 3 v 1; tarsus I–IV spineless. Carapace pale yellow, covered with black setae, with a broad light brown median band, and narrow light brown lateral bands; median band with a broad pale-yellow marking anteriorly, and triangle-shaped pale-yellow marking posteriorly, sides of median band undulating; lateral bands extending from behind PLE (Fig. 1A). Eye field light reddish-yellow to brown, covered with setae (Fig. 1A). Clypeus pale yellow, with light brown sides. Chelicerae dark reddish-brown, covered with setae (Fig. 1B). Endites light reddish-brown, scopulate, with pale yellow inner margins; sides covered with long black setae (Fig. 1B). Labium light reddish-brown, tip with pale yellow margin, covered with black setae (Fig. 1B). Sternum light brown, covered with long erect black setae, and short black setae; sides yellow, covered with short white setae (Fig. 1B). Legs pale yellow, reddish-brown towards the distal segments. Opisthosoma dorsally pale yellow to greyish-brown, covered with light brown setae, anteriorly with median spindle-shaped pale yellow marking; laterally with dark-brown and white longitudinal stripes (Fig. 1A). Venter light greyish-brown, medially with pale-yellow longitudinal stripe, extending the entire length of opisthosoma, more prominent anteriorly (Fig. 1B). Spinnerets grey to greyish-brown (Fig. 1B). Genitalia as shown in Figs 1C–F, 2, 3. Epigynal field wider than long; median septum (MS) wider than long, concave with several wrinkles, and its anterio-central section forming an atrium (A) bordered by a sclerotized rim, giving it an ear-muff-like appearance (Figs 1C, E, 2A, 3A); finger-like fertilization ducts visible laterally on the posterior borderline of the epigyne (Figs 1C, E, 3A); copulatory openings (CO) small, widely separated (Figs 1C, E, 3A); copulatory ducts (CD) long, forming a loop before entering the spermathecae posteriorly (Figs 1D, F, 2B–H, 3B); spermathecae (S) small, rounded (Figs 1D, F, 2C–H, 3B); fertilization ducts (FD) long, finger-like, and inwardly oriented (Figs 1D, F, 2B, G, 3B).</p><p>Male. Unknown.</p><p>Note. Based on the unique structure of its female genitalia (see diagnosis), this new species cannot be assigned in any currently known species group.</p><p>Distribution. Known only from the type locality in India (Nagaland) (Fig. 8).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/73560112CE39A92AC6F25AD9B039F93A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sudhin, Puthoor Pattammal;Sarma, Shouvik Mali Pratyush Das;Sen, Souvik	Sudhin, Puthoor Pattammal, Sarma, Shouvik Mali Pratyush Das, Sen, Souvik (2025): Two new species of the spider genus Psechrus Thorell, 1878 (Araneae: Psechridae) from northeastern India. Zootaxa 5609 (3): 419-429, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5609.3.7, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5609.3.7
73560112CE3BA920C6F25E66B72CFEBA.text	73560112CE3BA920C6F25E66B72CFEBA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Psechrus nathanael Sudhin & Sarma & Sen 2025	<div><p>Psechrus nathanael sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 4–8</p><p>Type material.   Holotype ♂ (NZC-ZSI-9429/18) from INDIA: Nagaland: Peren District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=93.784996&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.660555" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 93.784996/lat 25.660555)">Ngwalwa</a> (25°39’38”N 93°47’06”E), 547 m a.s.l., 28.II.2024, leg. P. P. Sudhin.  Paratypes: 2♀♀ (NZC-ZSI-9430/18), same data as for holotype. 2♂ ♂ &amp; 1♀ (NZC-ZSI-9431/18),   Meghalaya: Ri Bhoi District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=91.88416&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.795" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 91.88416/lat 25.795)">Anderson Tea Estate</a> (25°47’42”N, 91°53’03”E), 810 m a.s.l., 13.VI.2024, leg. P. P. Sudhin.</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet is a noun in apposition, dedicated to our friend Mr. Nathanael P. A. Newmai, in recognition of his unwavering support during our surveys in Nagaland and Meghalaya, as well as his passion for spiders and their conservation in northeastern India.</p><p>Diagnosis. The male copulatory organ of  P. nathanael sp. nov. is most similar to that of  P. himalayanus Simon, 1906 in having a similar shape of conductor and U-shaped sperm duct, but it can be distinguished by the following combination of characters: embolus in ventral view broader than in  P. himalayanus, slightly curved medially with distal third directed anteroretrolaterally (embolus narrower and almost straight in  P. himalayanus); conductor in retrolateral view at its proximal section broader than in  P. himalayanus; sperm duct covers two-thirds of the area of tegulum (half of the tegulum in  P. himalayanus) (cf. Figs 5A, 6A vs Bayer 2012: figs 31b, 85g). The female genitalia of  P. nathanael sp. nov. is most similar to that of  P. marsyandi Levi, 1982 in general shape of epigyne and vulva, from which it can be distinguished by the following combination of characters: median septum anterolaterally with prominent lobe at each side (less prominent in  P. marsyandi); copulatory openings relatively large and located medially on epigyne (small, and located mediolaterally in  P. marsyandi); copulatory ducts longer than in  P. marsyandi; spermathecal heads with long stalk (with very short or without any stalk in  P. marsyandi) (cf. Figs 5C–E, 7A–B vs Bayer 2012: figs 34A–D, 88i, 91i). The vulva of  P. nathanael sp. nov. can also be differentiated from those of  P. demiror Bayer, 2012 and  P. pakawini Bayer, 2012 by the spermathecal heads with (at least slightly) longer stalk (cf. Figs 5E, 7B vs Bayer 2012: figs 91j, l).</p><p>Description. Male. (Holotype, NZC-ZSI-9429/18) (Figs 4A–B, 5A–B, 6) Measurements: body length 20.36; carapace length 8.55, width 6.13, anterior width of carapace 3.34; opisthosoma length 11.81, width 4.61. Eye diameters:AME 0.34, ALE 0.38, PME 0.49, PLE 0.49. Eye interdistances:AME–AME 0.18, AME–ALE 0.04, ALE– ALE 1.02, PLE–PLE 1.72, PME–PME 0.17, PME–PLE 0.19, AME–PME 0.54, ALE–PLE 0.30. Clypeus height at AME 0.87, clypeus height at ALE 0.71. Chelicerae 2.62 long, with three promarginal and four retromarginal teeth. Measurement of palp and legs: Palp 11.39 [4.11, 1.40, 2.19, 3.69], leg I 52.89 [14.01, 4.08, 15.48, 14.18, 5.14], II 41.42 [11.46, 3.73, 12.36, 10.01, 3.86], III 29.38 [8.46, 2.90, 7.77, 6.85, 3.40], IV 42.14 [12.48, 3.41, 11.39, 10.22, 4.84]. Leg formula: 1423. Spination. Palp: femur pl 1 rl 1 do 3. Legs: femur I–II pl 6 rl 6 do 4, III–IV pl 5 rl 5 do 4; tibia I pl 3 rl 3 plv 3 rlv 3, II pl 3 rl 3 plv 4 rlv 4, III pl 2 rl 3 plv 2 rlv 1, IV pl 3 rl 3 plv 3 rlv 3; metatarsus I pl 5 rl 5, II pl 4 rl 4 v 2, III–IV pl 3 rl 3 plv 2 rlv 2 v 1; tarsus I–IV spineless. Carapace pale yellow, covered with dark brown setae, with a broad, light brown median band, and narrow light brown lateral bands; the median band with a broad pale-yellow marking anteriorly, and a triangle-shaped pale-yellow marking posteriorly, the sides of median band undulating; the lateral bands extending from behind PLE (Fig. 4A). Eye field light greyish-brown, covered with setae (Fig. 4A). Clypeus pale yellow. Chelicerae pale yellow to reddish-yellow, covered with setae. Endites pale yellow, scopulate, outer margins with black lines, sparsely covered with long black setae (Fig. 4B). Labium pale yellow, covered with black setae (Fig. 4B). Sternum light brown, covered with long erect black setae and short black setae; sides yellowish, covered with short white setae (Fig. 4B). Legs pale yellow, reddish-brown towards the distal segments; coxae of leg I ventrally with macrosetae. Opisthosoma dorsally greyish-brown, suffused with grey patches, anteriorly with a median spindle-shaped pale-yellow marking (Fig. 4A); laterally with several longitudinal grey dotted lines on brown background. Venter light greyish-brown, medially with a pale-yellow longitudinal stripe extending the entire length of opisthosoma, more prominent in anterior region (Fig. 4B). Spinnerets grey to greyish-brown. Palp as shown in Figs 5A–B, 6: tegulum (T) and cymbium light reddish-yellow, rest of segments pale yellow (Fig. 5A–B); tibia provided with three fields of long, strong, and densely arranged black setae (Figs 5A–B, 6); cymbium dorsally covered with dense scopula, covering approximately two-thirds of its surface (Figs 5B, 6B); tegulum nearly oval, with a U-shaped sperm duct (SD) reaching posterior third of the tegulum in ventral view (Figs 5A, 6A); subtegulum clearly visible in ventral view; conductor (C) relatively broad and long, with anteroretrolateral orientation, arising in 10 o’clock position on tegulum (Figs 5A, 6A); embolus (E) medium-sized, distally third slightly curved retrolaterally, narrowing towards the distal region, arising retrolaterally at distal half of tegulum (Figs 5A, 6A).</p><p>Female. (paratype) (Figs 4C–D, 5C–E, 7): body length 20.36; carapace length 10.83, width 7.32, anterior width of carapace 3.94; opisthosoma length 16.21, width 8.58. Eye diameters:AME 0.49, ALE 0.60, PME 0.52, PLE 0.63. Eye interdistances: AME–AME 0.20, AME–ALE 0.12, ALE–ALE 1.02, PLE–PLE 2.06, PME–PME 0.31, PME– PLE 0.22, AME–PME 0.39, ALE–PLE 0.29. Clypeus height at AME 1.23, clypeus height at ALE 1.10. Chelicerae 3.32 long. Measurement of palp and legs: Palp: 11.39 [4.11, 1.40, 2.19, 3.69], leg I 52.88 [14.00, 4.08, 15.48, 14.18, 5.14], II 41.41 [11.46, 3.73, 12.36, 10.00, 3.86], III 29.38 [8.46, 2.90, 7.77, 6.85, 3.40], IV 42.34 [12.48, 3.41, 11.39, 10.22, 4.84]. Leg formula: 1423. Spination. Palp: femur pl 1 rl 1 do 3. Legs: femur I–II pl 5 rl 6 do 5, III–IV pl 5 rl 5 do 5; tibia I pl 2 rl 3 plv 4 rlv 4, II pl 4 rl 4 plv 4 rlv 4, III pl 3 rl 3 plv 2 rlv 2, IV pl 3 rl 3 plv 2 rlv 1; metatarsus I–II pl 3 rl 3 plv 2 rlv 2 v 1, III pl 4 rl 3 plv 3 rlv 3 v 1, IV pl 3 rl 3 plv 2 rlv 1; tarsus I–IV spineless. In all details as male, except the following: female longer and more robust than male; opisthosoma slightly lighter, with separated lateral longitudinal grey dotted lines; chelicerae, endites, and labium darker. coxae of leg I ventrally without macrosetae. Genitalia as shown in Figs 5C–E, 7. Epigynal field wider than long; slit sense organs (SO) and epigynal muscle sigilla anteriorly beyond epigynal field (Figs 5C, 7A); median septum (MS) large, broader than long, anterolaterally with lateral humps on each sides (Figs 5C–D, 7A); copulatory openings large, nearly oval, separated from each other, positioned medially beyond the lateral humps mentioned above (Figs 5C–D, 7A); copulatory ducts relatively short, broad, and transparent (Figs 5E, 7B); spermathecal heads (SH) with relatively long stalk (Figs 5E, 7B); fertilization ducts curved, oriented posteriorly, positioned at the posterior region of spermathecal base (SBA) (Figs 5E, 7B).</p><p>Note. The  himalayanus group currently comprises 11 species distributed across northern India, Nepal, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam (Bayer, 2014). This group is characterized by the presence of a distinct field of macrosetae on the ventral side of the male coxae of legs I (Bayer 2012). The presence of these macrosetae, along with the general morphology of the male and female copulatory organs, strongly supports the placement of this new species within the  himalayanus group.</p><p>Distribution. India (Nagaland and Meghalaya) (Fig. 8).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/73560112CE3BA920C6F25E66B72CFEBA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sudhin, Puthoor Pattammal;Sarma, Shouvik Mali Pratyush Das;Sen, Souvik	Sudhin, Puthoor Pattammal, Sarma, Shouvik Mali Pratyush Das, Sen, Souvik (2025): Two new species of the spider genus Psechrus Thorell, 1878 (Araneae: Psechridae) from northeastern India. Zootaxa 5609 (3): 419-429, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5609.3.7, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5609.3.7
