taxonID	type	description	language	source
13DD2C108B4F5207926EBD660C35C89F.taxon	description	Figs 2, 3, 4 A, B, 5	en	Wood, Kenneth R., Lorence, David H., Wagner, Warren L., Appelhans, Marc S. (2024): Melicope iolensis (Rutaceae), a new tree species from Kaua‘i, Hawaiian Islands. PhytoKeys 250: 237-249, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.250.128963
13DD2C108B4F5207926EBD660C35C89F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Melicope iolensis is morphologically most similar to M. wawraeana (Rock) T. G. Hartley & B. C. Stone, but differs by its combination of leaves abaxially glabrate to pilose-pubescent (vs. glabrous), inflorescence ramiflorous, rarely axillary (vs. axillary), shorter sepals on staminate flowers, 0.3 – 0.5 mm long (vs. 3.5 mm) and smaller seeds 3 – 3.5 mm long (vs. 5 – 8 mm). Phylogenetically, M. iolensis is most closely related to M. nealae (B. C. Stone) T. G. Hartley & B. C. Stone, yet starkly differs by its tree habit (vs. shrub), flowers usually 9 – 18 per inflorescence (vs. 1 – 5), carpels with exocarp glabrous, connate 1 / 6 – 1 / 5 their length (vs. puberulent, connate 1 / 2 – 3 / 4 length) and seeds 3 – 3.5 mm long (vs. 5 – 8 mm long).	en	Wood, Kenneth R., Lorence, David H., Wagner, Warren L., Appelhans, Marc S. (2024): Melicope iolensis (Rutaceae), a new tree species from Kaua‘i, Hawaiian Islands. PhytoKeys 250: 237-249, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.250.128963
13DD2C108B4F5207926EBD660C35C89F.taxon	description	Description. Trees 3 – 8 m tall, trunks up to 20 cm diameter, bark smooth, mottled grey-brown, ultimate stems brown-red, new growth and young branchlets sparsely tan puberulent, glabrate in age. Leaves opposite, unifoliolate; petiole (20 –) 30 – 70 mm long, strigose-pubescent, adaxially glabrous, shallowly canaliculate; the blade subcoriaceous to coriaceous, ovate, oblong-ovate, oblong-elliptic, (8 –) 14 – 25 (– 33) × (6 –) 10 – 18 cm, margin entire; base truncate to obtuse, rarely acute; apex rounded, often emarginate; secondary veins 15 – 20 pairs, connected by an arched vein 4 – 20 mm from margin; higher order venation reticulate; adaxial surface glabrous; abaxial surface minutely black glandular punctate, pilose-pubescent, tan-yellow, or glabrate; mid-rib usually densely pilose-strigose; secondary veins pilose-strigose. Inflorescences in ramiflorous, densely fasciculate cymes, occasionally axillary, (4 –) 9 – 18 flowered, to 40 mm long, purple-red when fresh; peduncles 2 – 5 mm long, glabrate, branched to second degree; primary branches 2 – 4 pairs; pedicels 4 – 14 mm long, glabrate; bracteoles triangular-ovate 0.3 – 0.4 mm long. Flowers unisexual, 4 - merous; perianth glabrate; androecium, nectary disc and gynoecium glabrous; ovary greenish glabrous; stigma 4 - lobed ca. 0.5 mm diameter; staminate flowers with sepals orbicular-ovate, free, 0.3 – 0.5 × 0.5 – 0.7 mm, glabrate; petals green with purple streaks, narrowly deltate to ovate, 2.5 – 4.0 mm long; stamens 8; antisepalous filaments ca. 3.5 mm long; antipetalous filaments ca. 2.5 mm long; anthers ellipsoid ca. 0.5 – 0.6 mm long, with pollen; style obsolete; pistillate flowers with sepals orbicular-ovate, free, 1.0 × 1.3 – 1.5 mm; petals green, dorsally purple, narrowly deltate to ovate, free, 2.8 – 3.0 mm long; staminodes 8; antisepalous filaments ca. 0.5 mm long; antipetalous filaments ca. 0.4 mm long; anthers ovoid-ellipsoid ca. 0.5 – 0.6 mm long, no pollen observed; style 1.5 mm long. Capsules green with purple irregular streaking when fresh, 3 – 4 × 10 – 14 mm; carpels basally connate 1 / 6 to 1 / 5 their length, exocarp glabrous; endocarp glabrous. Seeds 1 – 2 per carpel, ovoid, 3 – 3.5 mm long.	en	Wood, Kenneth R., Lorence, David H., Wagner, Warren L., Appelhans, Marc S. (2024): Melicope iolensis (Rutaceae), a new tree species from Kaua‘i, Hawaiian Islands. PhytoKeys 250: 237-249, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.250.128963
13DD2C108B4F5207926EBD660C35C89F.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name Melicope is derived from the Greek meli, honey and kope, cut in pieces, alluding to the lobed floral nectary (Lorence and Wagner 2020) and the species epithet represents the holotype locale, ‘ Iole, which literally means “ rat ” in the Hawaiian language (Pukui et al. 1974).	en	Wood, Kenneth R., Lorence, David H., Wagner, Warren L., Appelhans, Marc S. (2024): Melicope iolensis (Rutaceae), a new tree species from Kaua‘i, Hawaiian Islands. PhytoKeys 250: 237-249, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.250.128963
13DD2C108B4F5207926EBD660C35C89F.taxon	distribution	Distribution and ecology. Melicope iolensis is endemic to the volcanic island of Kaua‘i (Fig. 1), where it is known from only 15 individuals located in the remote, upper headwater valley of ‘ Iole. The type location is in a hanging valley, having vertical cliffs above and a series of cliffs and waterfalls below, isolating its accessibility (Fig. 4 C). The plant community where Melicope iolensis occurs is a Metrosideros Banks ex Gaertn. (Myrtaceae) / Cheirodendron Nutt. ex Seem. (Araliaceae) montane wet forest with matting ferns of Dicranopteris Bernh. and Diplopterygium (Diels) Nakai (Gleicheniaceae) and a dissecting riparian drainage. The forested slopes are steep with a diverse mixture of native sedges, grasses, ferns, herbs, shrubs and trees, along with a high density of terrestrial and epiphytic bryophytes throughout. Associated genera of trees include Polyscias J. R. Forst. & G. Forst. (Araliaceae); Pritchardia Seem. & H. Wendl. (Arecaceae); Dubautia Gaudich. (Asteraceae); Cyanea Gaudich. (Campanulaceae), Perrottetia Kunth (Dipentodontaceae); Antidesma L., Euphorbia L. (Euphorbiaceae); Hydrangea Gronov. (Hydrangeaceae); Geniostoma J. R. Forst. & G. Forst. (Loganiaceae); Eurya Thunb. (Pentaphylacaceae); Myrsine L. (Primulaceae); Syzygium Gaertn. (Myrtaceae); Bobea Gaudich., Coprosma J. R. Forst. & G. Forst., Kadua Cham. & Schltdl., Psychotria L. (all Rubiaceae); Melicope J. R. Forst. & G. Forst. (Rutaceae); and Pipturus Wedd. and Touchardia Gaudich. (Urticaceae). Genera of sedges and grasses include Carex L., Cyperus L., Machaerina Vahl (Cyperaceae); Eragrostis Wolf, Panicum L. (Poaceae); herbs and shrubs include Bidens L. (Asteraceae); Vaccinium L. (Ericaceae); Cyrtandra J. R. Forst. & G. Forst. (Gesneriaceae); and the woody climber Freycinetia Gaudich. (Pandanaceae). Genera of ferns include Asplenium L., Hymenasplenium Hayata (Aspleniaceae); Deparia Hook. & Grev., Diplazium Sw. (Athyriaceae); Sadleria Kaulf. (Blechnaceae); Cibotium Kaulf. (Cibotiaceae); Microlepia C. Presl (Dennstaedtiaceae); Ctenitis (C. Chr.) C. Chr. (Dryopteridaceae); Hoiokula S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm. and Menisciopsis (Holttum) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm. (Thelypteridaceae).	en	Wood, Kenneth R., Lorence, David H., Wagner, Warren L., Appelhans, Marc S. (2024): Melicope iolensis (Rutaceae), a new tree species from Kaua‘i, Hawaiian Islands. PhytoKeys 250: 237-249, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.250.128963
