identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
703D87EB7073FF83FF3D30DEFB53FAF6.text	703D87EB7073FF83FF3D30DEFB53FAF6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rilaena kabardinibalkarica Snegovaya & Makarova 2025	<div><p>Rilaena kabardinibalkarica Snegovaya sp. nov.</p><p>(Fig. 1)</p><p>Material: Russia, Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria: Holotype: 1♂ (ZMMU), Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=42.686028&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.216152" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 42.686028/lat 43.216152)">Adyl-Su River valley</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=42.686028&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.216152" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 42.686028/lat 43.216152)">Kashkatash Glacier foreland</a>, 112 years old site [Line VIII], 2308 m a.s.l., 43.216152° N, 42.686028° E, mature mixed (Pinus-Betula) forest with Hedysarum sp., in barber pitfall, 25.07.2023, leg. M.D. Antipova. Paratypes: 1♀ (ZMMU), Adyl-Su River valley, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=42.686028&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.216152" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 42.686028/lat 43.216152)">KASHKATASH GLACIER foreland</a>, 112 years old site [Line VIII], 2308 m a.s.l., 43.216152° N, 42.686028° E, mature mixed (Pinus-Betula) forest with Hedysarum sp., in barber pitfall, 25.07.2023, leg. M.D. Antipova ; 1♂ (RCNS), same place, one-year-old site [Line I], 2615 m a.s.l., 43.209580° N, 42.684162° E, bare ground (earthly matter, stones) with sporadic Saxifraga seedlings, in barber pitfall, 20.07.2023, leg. O.L. Makarova ; 2♂, 5♀♀ (RCNS), same place, three-year-old site [Line II], 2600 m a.s.l., 43.209889° N, 42.684296° E, pioneer meadow ( Chamaenerion sp., Senecio sp., Cerastium sp., Saxifraga sp., Poa sp.), 15− 22.07.2023, leg. O.L. Makarova ; 1♀, 2 juv. (RCNS), same place and biotope, 25.07.2023, leg. M.D. Antipova; 1♀, same place, one-year-old site [Line I], 2615 m a.s.l, 43.209580° N, 42.684162° E, stony barren, 20.07.2023, leg. O.L. Makarova; 4♀♀, 4 juv. (RCNS), same place and biotope, 25.07.2023, leg. M.D. Antipova; 1♀, Chereksky District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.13018&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.10537" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.13018/lat 43.10537)">BEZENGI GLACIER foreland</a>, three-year-old site [Line II], 2165 m a.s.l., 43.10537° N, 43.13018° E, sparce forb community, 20− 30.07.2022, leg. M.D. Antipova. 3♀♀, same place, one-year-old site [Line I], 2153 m a.s.l., 43.10460° N, 43.12947° E, stony heath, 20− 30.07.2022, leg. A.B. Babenko .</p><p>Description. Male. Color dark brown dorsum with light and dark spots of various sizes and a dark saddle-shaped pattern. Body length 5.0 mm long, 2.5 mm width (Fig. 1A). The eye mound is trapezoidal with a double row of 13-14 large denticles (Fig. 1B). All legs with transverse rows of large denticles, especially large and numerous on Fe I (Fig. 1C). Lengths of leg segments: I: 6+1+2.3+6.8+8.3 =24.4; II: 10.0+1.6+9.0+11.0+16.5 = 48.1; III: 5.0+1.2+4.5+7.6+9.6 = 27.9; IV: 7.5+1.6+6.0+11.4+11.8 =38.3. Chelicera dorsally I segment with black-tipped denticles, II segment with 2-3 denticles, others with setae (Figs. 1F–G). Cheliceral basal segment length 1.7, distal segment 2.1. Pedipalps ventrally with large teeth and denticles, dorsally with black-tipped denticles and with a round pubescent apophysis. Pa and Ti with pointed pubescent apophyses, Ta ventrally with microdenticles and other parts with setae (Figs. 1D–E). Pedipalps lengths: 1.6+1.25+1.25+2.5 = 6.6 mm. Penis with a wide base, which narrows towards the middle and widens towards the head, wings not wide, the glans of the penis is banana-shaped (2.8 mm long, glans 0.4 mm, stylus 0.15 mm) (Figs. 1–K).</p><p>The female differs from the male in its larger size, more oval body shape, less armed leg segments and more rounded apophyses on the palp. Female body length 7.6, wide 3.8 (Fig. 1L). Pedipalp lengths 1.8+1.0+1.25+2.0 = 6.05 (Figs. 1M–N). Cheliceral basal segment length 1.7, distal segment 2.1 (Figs. 1O–P). Lengths of leg segments: I: 5.4+1.4+4.6+6.5+8.8; II: 10.5+2.0+9.4+11.4+18.6 =51.9; III: 6.0+1.6+5.5+8.0+10.6 =31.7; IV: 8.5+1.6+6.4+12.0+15.4 =43.9.</p><p>Diagnosis. Our species Rilaena kabardinibalkarica sp. nov. is most closely related to Rilaena atrolutea (Roewer, 1915), but different from it in the larger eye mound and a greater number of denticles on the eye mound (Fig. 1B; Snegovaya &amp; Pkhakadze, 2014: Fig. 2.1); the shape and length of Fe I − in R. atrolutea Fe I is thicker and shorter; the legs in general on Fe are more armed in R. kabardinibalkarica; the body color in R. kabardinibalkarica is darker, especially the saddle-shaped pattern; the apophyses on the pedipalp are more rounded in R. atrolutea and more pointed in R. kabardinibalkarica (Fig. 1A; Snegovaya &amp; Pkhakadze, 2014: Fig. 2.1); in R. atrolutea the wings on the penis are wider and the glans is wider (lateral and dorsal position) (Figs. 1J, K; Snegovaya &amp; Pkhakadze, 2014: Fig. 2.5 −7).</p><p>Etymology. The species is named after the Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria (Russia), the species type locality.</p><p>Distribution. Known only from the type localities in Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria (Russia).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/703D87EB7073FF83FF3D30DEFB53FAF6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Snegovaya, Nataly Y.;Makarova, Olga L.	Snegovaya, Nataly Y., Makarova, Olga L. (2025): New data on harvestmen (Arachnida, Opiliones) of Caucasian glaciers, with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 5653 (1): 123-132, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5653.1.7, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5653.1.7
703D87EB7071FF85FF3D33A5FB42FE7A.text	703D87EB7071FF85FF3D33A5FB42FE7A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rilaena kaschkataschica Snegovaya & Makarova 2025	<div><p>Rilaena kaschkataschica Snegovaya sp. nov.</p><p>(Fig. 2)</p><p>Material. Holotype: 1♂ (ZMMU), Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria, Adyl-Su River valley, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=42.68571&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.218" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 42.68571/lat 43.218)">Kashkatash Glacier foreland</a>, 153 years old site [Line IX], 2277 m a.s.l., 43.217998° N, 42.685711° E, mature pine forest with Hedysarum sp. and mosses, in barber pitfall, 19.07.2023, leg. O.L. Makarova ; Paratypes: 2♂♂, 4♀♀, 5 juv. (RCNS), same place with Holotype; 1♀ (ZMMU), same place, 91 years old site [Line VI], 2385 m a.s.l., 43.213850° N, 42.686481° E, sloping birch forest with forb grasses, 15− 22.07.2023, leg. O.L. Makarova.</p><p>Description. The body is square shaped, with a pointed back. The body color is sandy with dark brown spots and a distinct dark brown saddle-shaped pattern (Fig. 2A). Body length 4.0 mm long, 2.4 mm width. The eye mound is slightly trapezoidal with 10 small denticles (Fig. 2B). Leg Fe I fusiform, all leg Fe with transverse rows of denticles (Fig. 2C). Lengths of leg segments: I: 2.5+1.0+2.6+3.0+5.0 = 14.1; II: 5.5+1.5+4.6+5.4+ 6.7 =23.7; III: 3.7+1.2+3.0+4.0+5.0= 16.9; IV: 5.0+1.4+3.6+6.2+7.2 =23.4. Fe pedipalps dorsally and ventrally with black-tipped denticles, dorsally also with large teeth. Pa and Ti with apophyses completely covered with setae, Ta with setae, laterally with microdenticles (Figs. 2D–E). Pedipalp lengths 1.5+1.1+1.0+1.8 =5.4. Male chelicerae dorsally with several denticles, the other parts with setae (Figs. 2F–G). Cheliceral basal segment length 1.5, distal segment 1.6. The penis with a wide base, narrows towards the middle and then widens closer to the glans, wings not wide (Figs. 2I–K).</p><p>The female differs from the male in larger body sizes and a rounded body shape (Fig. 2L). The female has wider and rounded apophyses on the pedipalp, while the male has pointed ones (Figs.2M–N).The male has larger chelicerae. Female body length 7.0, wide 4.0. Pedipalp lengths 1.5+0.8+0.8+1.8 =4.9. Cheliceral basal segment length 1.3, distal segment 1.8 (Figs. 2 O-P). Lengths of leg segments: I: 3.0+1.0+2.5+3.0+4.4 =13.9; II: 4.0+1.2+4.0+5.0+8.4 =22.6; III: 2.6+1.0+2.2+4.0+4.2 =14.0; IV: 4.2+1.4+3.5+5.0+5.6 =19.7.</p><p>Diagnosis. A new species most closely related to the Rilaena caucasica Snegovaya et Tchemeris, 2016, but different from it the structure of the penis— R. caucasica has more rounded and wider penis wings (Figs. 2 I–K; Snegovaya &amp; Tchemeris, 2016: Figs. 1 M–O).</p><p>Etymology. The species is named after the Kashkatash Glacier in Kabardino-Balkaria (Russia).</p><p>Distribution. Known only from the type locality in Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria (Russia).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/703D87EB7071FF85FF3D33A5FB42FE7A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Snegovaya, Nataly Y.;Makarova, Olga L.	Snegovaya, Nataly Y., Makarova, Olga L. (2025): New data on harvestmen (Arachnida, Opiliones) of Caucasian glaciers, with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 5653 (1): 123-132, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5653.1.7, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5653.1.7
703D87EB7077FF85FF3D3429FF79FC62.text	703D87EB7077FF85FF3D3429FF79FC62.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Metaplatybunus valentinae Snegovaya 2022	<div><p>Metaplatybunus valentinae Snegovaya, 2022</p><p>(Fig. 3)</p><p>Material. 1♀ (RCNS), Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria, Adyl-Su River valley, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=42.68571&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.218" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 42.68571/lat 43.218)">Kashkatash Glacier</a> foreland, 153 years old site [Line IX], 2277 m a.s.l., 43.217998° N, 42.685711° E, old pine forest with Hedysarum sp. and mosses, from sift, 15− 22.07.2023, leg. O.L. Makarova.</p><p>The species was described by the first author in 2022 (Snegovaya, 2022) from Kabardino-Balkaria based on males. The female is described for the first time in this report.</p><p>Description. The female differs from the male in larger body sizes and a rounded body shape (Fig. 3A). Female body length 4.3, wide 2.0. Pedipalp lengths 1.2+1.0+0.7+1.2 =4.1 (Figs. 3B–C). Cheliceral basal segment length 1.0, distal segment 1.3 (Figs. 3D–E). Lengths of leg segments: I: 3.0+0.9+2.2+3.5+3.6 =13.2; IV: 5.0+0.8+3.0+5.6+6.3 =20.7.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/703D87EB7077FF85FF3D3429FF79FC62	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Snegovaya, Nataly Y.;Makarova, Olga L.	Snegovaya, Nataly Y., Makarova, Olga L. (2025): New data on harvestmen (Arachnida, Opiliones) of Caucasian glaciers, with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 5653 (1): 123-132, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5653.1.7, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5653.1.7
703D87EB7075FF87FF3D36F8FB42FBBA.text	703D87EB7075FF87FF3D36F8FB42FBBA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Opilio bezengii Snegovaya & Makarova 2025	<div><p>Opilio bezengii Snegovaya sp. nov.</p><p>(Fig. 4)</p><p>Material. Holotype: 1♂ (ZMMU), Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria, Chereksky District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.13953&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.1107" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.13953/lat 43.1107)">Bezengi Glacier foreland</a>, 65 years old site [Line VI], 2101 m a.s.l., 43.11070° N, E 43.13953° E, small-leaved (Betula-Salix) forest with Vaccinium vitis-idaea and forbs, in barber pitfall traps, 20− 30.07.2022, leg. A.B. Babenko ; Paratypes: 2♀♀ (RCNS), same with Holotype .</p><p>Description. The body is oval, sandy in color with dark brown spots. The body has transverse rows of small denticles (Fig. 4A). Body length 4.4 mm long, 3.0 mm width. In front of the eye mound there is a group of 5–6 black-tipped denticles. The eye mound is low, on each side it has 5 black-tipped denticles (Fig. 4B). All leg Fe with transverse, rather large denticles. Lengths of leg segments: I: 3.3+1.0+2.5+3.8+3.7 = 14.3; II: 3.0+1.0+2.5+3.5+5.8 = 15.8; III: 3.25+1.0+2.75+3.5+6.2 = 16.7; IV: 4.5+1.2+4.0+5.0+8.0 = 22.7. Chelicerae are covered with bristles (Figs. 4F–G). Cheliceral basal segment length 1.5, distal segment 1.5. The pedipalp is not thickened, Fe dorsally with several denticles, Ti and Ta ventrally with microdenticles (Figs. 4D–E). Pedipalps lengths: 1.25+0.5+0.75+1.65 = 4.15 mm. The penis from the base slightly narrows towards the glans, the wings are narrow but long, the glans is banana-shaped (2.4 mm long, glans 0.3 mm, stylus 0.1 mm) (Figs. 4I–K).</p><p>The female differs from the male in larger body size, as well as less armed chelicerae and pedipalps (Figs. 4L, M–P). Female body length 6.4, wide 3.2. Pedipalp lengths 1.2+0.5+0.7+1.5 =3.9. Cheliceral basal segment length 1.4, distal segment 1.75. Lengths of leg segments: I: 3.8+1.2+1.5+3.5+6.8 = 16.8; II: 6.5+1.5+2.5+2.4+5.2 =18.1; III: 3.8+1.5+3.0+4.0+6.4 = 18.7; IV: 5+1.2+4.4+3.2+12.4 =26.2.</p><p>Diagnosis. A new species most closely related to O. lederi Roewer, 1911, but differs from it in the structure of the penis shaft—in O. lederi the shaft is wider and the wings are also wider (Figs. 4 I–K; Snegovaya, 2010: Figs. 4 –6); O. lederi has larger body sizes; Fe 1 in O. lederi is thickened; the chelicerae in O. lederi are large and powerful.</p><p>Etymology. The species is named after the glacier (Bezengi) where this harvestman was caught.</p><p>Distribution. Known only from the type locality in Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria (Russia).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/703D87EB7075FF87FF3D36F8FB42FBBA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Snegovaya, Nataly Y.;Makarova, Olga L.	Snegovaya, Nataly Y., Makarova, Olga L. (2025): New data on harvestmen (Arachnida, Opiliones) of Caucasian glaciers, with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 5653 (1): 123-132, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5653.1.7, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5653.1.7
