taxonID	type	description	language	source
703D87EB7073FF83FF3D30DEFB53FAF6.taxon	description	(Fig. 1)	en	Snegovaya, Nataly Y., Makarova, Olga L. (2025): New data on harvestmen (Arachnida, Opiliones) of Caucasian glaciers, with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 5653 (1): 123-132, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5653.1.7, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5653.1.7
703D87EB7073FF83FF3D30DEFB53FAF6.taxon	materials_examined	Material: Russia, Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria: Holotype: 1 ♂ (ZMMU), Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria, Adyl-Su River valley, Kashkatash Glacier foreland, 112 years old site [Line VIII], 2308 m a. s. l., 43.216152 ° N, 42.686028 ° E, mature mixed (Pinus-Betula) forest with Hedysarum sp., in barber pitfall, 25.07.2023, leg. M. D. Antipova. Paratypes: 1 ♀ (ZMMU), Adyl-Su River valley, KASHKATASH GLACIER foreland, 112 years old site [Line VIII], 2308 m a. s. l., 43.216152 ° N, 42.686028 ° E, mature mixed (Pinus-Betula) forest with Hedysarum sp., in barber pitfall, 25.07.2023, leg. M. D. Antipova; 1 ♂ (RCNS), same place, one-year-old site [Line I], 2615 m a. s. l., 43.209580 ° N, 42.684162 ° E, bare ground (earthly matter, stones) with sporadic Saxifraga seedlings, in barber pitfall, 20.07.2023, leg. O. L. Makarova; 2 ♂, 5 ♀♀ (RCNS), same place, three-year-old site [Line II], 2600 m a. s. l., 43.209889 ° N, 42.684296 ° E, pioneer meadow (Chamaenerion sp., Senecio sp., Cerastium sp., Saxifraga sp., Poa sp.), 15 − 22.07.2023, leg. O. L. Makarova; 1 ♀, 2 juv. (RCNS), same place and biotope, 25.07.2023, leg. M. D. Antipova; 1 ♀, same place, one-year-old site [Line I], 2615 m a. s. l, 43.209580 ° N, 42.684162 ° E, stony barren, 20.07.2023, leg. O. L. Makarova; 4 ♀♀, 4 juv. (RCNS), same place and biotope, 25.07.2023, leg. M. D. Antipova; 1 ♀, Chereksky District, BEZENGI GLACIER foreland, three-year-old site [Line II], 2165 m a. s. l., 43.10537 ° N, 43.13018 ° E, sparce forb community, 20 − 30.07.2022, leg. M. D. Antipova. 3 ♀♀, same place, one-year-old site [Line I], 2153 m a. s. l., 43.10460 ° N, 43.12947 ° E, stony heath, 20 − 30.07.2022, leg. A. B. Babenko.	en	Snegovaya, Nataly Y., Makarova, Olga L. (2025): New data on harvestmen (Arachnida, Opiliones) of Caucasian glaciers, with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 5653 (1): 123-132, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5653.1.7, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5653.1.7
703D87EB7073FF83FF3D30DEFB53FAF6.taxon	description	Description. Male. Color dark brown dorsum with light and dark spots of various sizes and a dark saddle-shaped pattern. Body length 5.0 mm long, 2.5 mm width (Fig. 1 A). The eye mound is trapezoidal with a double row of 13 - 14 large denticles (Fig. 1 B). All legs with transverse rows of large denticles, especially large and numerous on Fe I (Fig. 1 C). Lengths of leg segments: I: 6 + 1 + 2.3 + 6.8 + 8.3 = 24.4; II: 10.0 + 1.6 + 9.0 + 11.0 + 16.5 = 48.1; III: 5.0 + 1.2 + 4.5 + 7.6 + 9.6 = 27.9; IV: 7.5 + 1.6 + 6.0 + 11.4 + 11.8 = 38.3. Chelicera dorsally I segment with black-tipped denticles, II segment with 2 - 3 denticles, others with setae (Figs. 1 F – G). Cheliceral basal segment length 1.7, distal segment 2.1. Pedipalps ventrally with large teeth and denticles, dorsally with black-tipped denticles and with a round pubescent apophysis. Pa and Ti with pointed pubescent apophyses, Ta ventrally with microdenticles and other parts with setae (Figs. 1 D – E). Pedipalps lengths: 1.6 + 1.25 + 1.25 + 2.5 = 6.6 mm. Penis with a wide base, which narrows towards the middle and widens towards the head, wings not wide, the glans of the penis is banana-shaped (2.8 mm long, glans 0.4 mm, stylus 0.15 mm) (Figs. 1 – K). The female differs from the male in its larger size, more oval body shape, less armed leg segments and more rounded apophyses on the palp. Female body length 7.6, wide 3.8 (Fig. 1 L). Pedipalp lengths 1.8 + 1.0 + 1.25 + 2.0 = 6.05 (Figs. 1 M – N). Cheliceral basal segment length 1.7, distal segment 2.1 (Figs. 1 O – P). Lengths of leg segments: I: 5.4 + 1.4 + 4.6 + 6.5 + 8.8; II: 10.5 + 2.0 + 9.4 + 11.4 + 18.6 = 51.9; III: 6.0 + 1.6 + 5.5 + 8.0 + 10.6 = 31.7; IV: 8.5 + 1.6 + 6.4 + 12.0 + 15.4 = 43.9.	en	Snegovaya, Nataly Y., Makarova, Olga L. (2025): New data on harvestmen (Arachnida, Opiliones) of Caucasian glaciers, with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 5653 (1): 123-132, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5653.1.7, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5653.1.7
703D87EB7073FF83FF3D30DEFB53FAF6.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Our species Rilaena kabardinibalkarica sp. nov. is most closely related to Rilaena atrolutea (Roewer, 1915), but different from it in the larger eye mound and a greater number of denticles on the eye mound (Fig. 1 B; Snegovaya & Pkhakadze, 2014: Fig. 2.1); the shape and length of Fe I − in R. atrolutea Fe I is thicker and shorter; the legs in general on Fe are more armed in R. kabardinibalkarica; the body color in R. kabardinibalkarica is darker, especially the saddle-shaped pattern; the apophyses on the pedipalp are more rounded in R. atrolutea and more pointed in R. kabardinibalkarica (Fig. 1 A; Snegovaya & Pkhakadze, 2014: Fig. 2.1); in R. atrolutea the wings on the penis are wider and the glans is wider (lateral and dorsal position) (Figs. 1 J, K; Snegovaya & Pkhakadze, 2014: Fig. 2.5 − 7).	en	Snegovaya, Nataly Y., Makarova, Olga L. (2025): New data on harvestmen (Arachnida, Opiliones) of Caucasian glaciers, with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 5653 (1): 123-132, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5653.1.7, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5653.1.7
703D87EB7073FF83FF3D30DEFB53FAF6.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species is named after the Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria (Russia), the species type locality.	en	Snegovaya, Nataly Y., Makarova, Olga L. (2025): New data on harvestmen (Arachnida, Opiliones) of Caucasian glaciers, with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 5653 (1): 123-132, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5653.1.7, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5653.1.7
703D87EB7073FF83FF3D30DEFB53FAF6.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known only from the type localities in Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria (Russia).	en	Snegovaya, Nataly Y., Makarova, Olga L. (2025): New data on harvestmen (Arachnida, Opiliones) of Caucasian glaciers, with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 5653 (1): 123-132, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5653.1.7, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5653.1.7
703D87EB7071FF85FF3D33A5FB42FE7A.taxon	description	(Fig. 2)	en	Snegovaya, Nataly Y., Makarova, Olga L. (2025): New data on harvestmen (Arachnida, Opiliones) of Caucasian glaciers, with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 5653 (1): 123-132, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5653.1.7, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5653.1.7
703D87EB7071FF85FF3D33A5FB42FE7A.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Holotype: 1 ♂ (ZMMU), Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria, Adyl-Su River valley, Kashkatash Glacier foreland, 153 years old site [Line IX], 2277 m a. s. l., 43.217998 ° N, 42.685711 ° E, mature pine forest with Hedysarum sp. and mosses, in barber pitfall, 19.07.2023, leg. O. L. Makarova; Paratypes: 2 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀, 5 juv. (RCNS), same place with Holotype; 1 ♀ (ZMMU), same place, 91 years old site [Line VI], 2385 m a. s. l., 43.213850 ° N, 42.686481 ° E, sloping birch forest with forb grasses, 15 − 22.07.2023, leg. O. L. Makarova.	en	Snegovaya, Nataly Y., Makarova, Olga L. (2025): New data on harvestmen (Arachnida, Opiliones) of Caucasian glaciers, with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 5653 (1): 123-132, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5653.1.7, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5653.1.7
703D87EB7071FF85FF3D33A5FB42FE7A.taxon	description	Description. The body is square shaped, with a pointed back. The body color is sandy with dark brown spots and a distinct dark brown saddle-shaped pattern (Fig. 2 A). Body length 4.0 mm long, 2.4 mm width. The eye mound is slightly trapezoidal with 10 small denticles (Fig. 2 B). Leg Fe I fusiform, all leg Fe with transverse rows of denticles (Fig. 2 C). Lengths of leg segments: I: 2.5 + 1.0 + 2.6 + 3.0 + 5.0 = 14.1; II: 5.5 + 1.5 + 4.6 + 5.4 + 6.7 = 23.7; III: 3.7 + 1.2 + 3.0 + 4.0 + 5.0 = 16.9; IV: 5.0 + 1.4 + 3.6 + 6.2 + 7.2 = 23.4. Fe pedipalps dorsally and ventrally with black-tipped denticles, dorsally also with large teeth. Pa and Ti with apophyses completely covered with setae, Ta with setae, laterally with microdenticles (Figs. 2 D – E). Pedipalp lengths 1.5 + 1.1 + 1.0 + 1.8 = 5.4. Male chelicerae dorsally with several denticles, the other parts with setae (Figs. 2 F – G). Cheliceral basal segment length 1.5, distal segment 1.6. The penis with a wide base, narrows towards the middle and then widens closer to the glans, wings not wide (Figs. 2 I – K). The female differs from the male in larger body sizes and a rounded body shape (Fig. 2 L). The female has wider and rounded apophyses on the pedipalp, while the male has pointed ones (Figs. 2 M – N). The male has larger chelicerae. Female body length 7.0, wide 4.0. Pedipalp lengths 1.5 + 0.8 + 0.8 + 1.8 = 4.9. Cheliceral basal segment length 1.3, distal segment 1.8 (Figs. 2 O-P). Lengths of leg segments: I: 3.0 + 1.0 + 2.5 + 3.0 + 4.4 = 13.9; II: 4.0 + 1.2 + 4.0 + 5.0 + 8.4 = 22.6; III: 2.6 + 1.0 + 2.2 + 4.0 + 4.2 = 14.0; IV: 4.2 + 1.4 + 3.5 + 5.0 + 5.6 = 19.7.	en	Snegovaya, Nataly Y., Makarova, Olga L. (2025): New data on harvestmen (Arachnida, Opiliones) of Caucasian glaciers, with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 5653 (1): 123-132, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5653.1.7, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5653.1.7
703D87EB7071FF85FF3D33A5FB42FE7A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A new species most closely related to the Rilaena caucasica Snegovaya et Tchemeris, 2016, but different from it the structure of the penis — R. caucasica has more rounded and wider penis wings (Figs. 2 I – K; Snegovaya & Tchemeris, 2016: Figs. 1 M – O).	en	Snegovaya, Nataly Y., Makarova, Olga L. (2025): New data on harvestmen (Arachnida, Opiliones) of Caucasian glaciers, with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 5653 (1): 123-132, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5653.1.7, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5653.1.7
703D87EB7071FF85FF3D33A5FB42FE7A.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species is named after the Kashkatash Glacier in Kabardino-Balkaria (Russia).	en	Snegovaya, Nataly Y., Makarova, Olga L. (2025): New data on harvestmen (Arachnida, Opiliones) of Caucasian glaciers, with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 5653 (1): 123-132, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5653.1.7, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5653.1.7
703D87EB7071FF85FF3D33A5FB42FE7A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known only from the type locality in Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria (Russia).	en	Snegovaya, Nataly Y., Makarova, Olga L. (2025): New data on harvestmen (Arachnida, Opiliones) of Caucasian glaciers, with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 5653 (1): 123-132, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5653.1.7, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5653.1.7
703D87EB7077FF85FF3D3429FF79FC62.taxon	description	(Fig. 3)	en	Snegovaya, Nataly Y., Makarova, Olga L. (2025): New data on harvestmen (Arachnida, Opiliones) of Caucasian glaciers, with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 5653 (1): 123-132, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5653.1.7, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5653.1.7
703D87EB7077FF85FF3D3429FF79FC62.taxon	materials_examined	Material. 1 ♀ (RCNS), Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria, Adyl-Su River valley, Kashkatash Glacier foreland, 153 years old site [Line IX], 2277 m a. s. l., 43.217998 ° N, 42.685711 ° E, old pine forest with Hedysarum sp. and mosses, from sift, 15 − 22.07.2023, leg. O. L. Makarova. The species was described by the first author in 2022 (Snegovaya, 2022) from Kabardino-Balkaria based on males. The female is described for the first time in this report.	en	Snegovaya, Nataly Y., Makarova, Olga L. (2025): New data on harvestmen (Arachnida, Opiliones) of Caucasian glaciers, with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 5653 (1): 123-132, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5653.1.7, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5653.1.7
703D87EB7077FF85FF3D3429FF79FC62.taxon	description	Description. The female differs from the male in larger body sizes and a rounded body shape (Fig. 3 A). Female body length 4.3, wide 2.0. Pedipalp lengths 1.2 + 1.0 + 0.7 + 1.2 = 4.1 (Figs. 3 B – C). Cheliceral basal segment length 1.0, distal segment 1.3 (Figs. 3 D – E). Lengths of leg segments: I: 3.0 + 0.9 + 2.2 + 3.5 + 3.6 = 13.2; IV: 5.0 + 0.8 + 3.0 + 5.6 + 6.3 = 20.7.	en	Snegovaya, Nataly Y., Makarova, Olga L. (2025): New data on harvestmen (Arachnida, Opiliones) of Caucasian glaciers, with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 5653 (1): 123-132, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5653.1.7, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5653.1.7
703D87EB7075FF87FF3D36F8FB42FBBA.taxon	description	(Fig. 4)	en	Snegovaya, Nataly Y., Makarova, Olga L. (2025): New data on harvestmen (Arachnida, Opiliones) of Caucasian glaciers, with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 5653 (1): 123-132, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5653.1.7, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5653.1.7
703D87EB7075FF87FF3D36F8FB42FBBA.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Holotype: 1 ♂ (ZMMU), Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria, Chereksky District, Bezengi Glacier foreland, 65 years old site [Line VI], 2101 m a. s. l., 43.11070 ° N, E 43.13953 ° E, small-leaved (Betula-Salix) forest with Vaccinium vitis-idaea and forbs, in barber pitfall traps, 20 − 30.07.2022, leg. A. B. Babenko; Paratypes: 2 ♀♀ (RCNS), same with Holotype.	en	Snegovaya, Nataly Y., Makarova, Olga L. (2025): New data on harvestmen (Arachnida, Opiliones) of Caucasian glaciers, with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 5653 (1): 123-132, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5653.1.7, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5653.1.7
703D87EB7075FF87FF3D36F8FB42FBBA.taxon	description	Description. The body is oval, sandy in color with dark brown spots. The body has transverse rows of small denticles (Fig. 4 A). Body length 4.4 mm long, 3.0 mm width. In front of the eye mound there is a group of 5 – 6 black-tipped denticles. The eye mound is low, on each side it has 5 black-tipped denticles (Fig. 4 B). All leg Fe with transverse, rather large denticles. Lengths of leg segments: I: 3.3 + 1.0 + 2.5 + 3.8 + 3.7 = 14.3; II: 3.0 + 1.0 + 2.5 + 3.5 + 5.8 = 15.8; III: 3.25 + 1.0 + 2.75 + 3.5 + 6.2 = 16.7; IV: 4.5 + 1.2 + 4.0 + 5.0 + 8.0 = 22.7. Chelicerae are covered with bristles (Figs. 4 F – G). Cheliceral basal segment length 1.5, distal segment 1.5. The pedipalp is not thickened, Fe dorsally with several denticles, Ti and Ta ventrally with microdenticles (Figs. 4 D – E). Pedipalps lengths: 1.25 + 0.5 + 0.75 + 1.65 = 4.15 mm. The penis from the base slightly narrows towards the glans, the wings are narrow but long, the glans is banana-shaped (2.4 mm long, glans 0.3 mm, stylus 0.1 mm) (Figs. 4 I – K). The female differs from the male in larger body size, as well as less armed chelicerae and pedipalps (Figs. 4 L, M – P). Female body length 6.4, wide 3.2. Pedipalp lengths 1.2 + 0.5 + 0.7 + 1.5 = 3.9. Cheliceral basal segment length 1.4, distal segment 1.75. Lengths of leg segments: I: 3.8 + 1.2 + 1.5 + 3.5 + 6.8 = 16.8; II: 6.5 + 1.5 + 2.5 + 2.4 + 5.2 = 18.1; III: 3.8 + 1.5 + 3.0 + 4.0 + 6.4 = 18.7; IV: 5 + 1.2 + 4.4 + 3.2 + 12.4 = 26.2.	en	Snegovaya, Nataly Y., Makarova, Olga L. (2025): New data on harvestmen (Arachnida, Opiliones) of Caucasian glaciers, with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 5653 (1): 123-132, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5653.1.7, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5653.1.7
703D87EB7075FF87FF3D36F8FB42FBBA.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A new species most closely related to O. lederi Roewer, 1911, but differs from it in the structure of the penis shaft — in O. lederi the shaft is wider and the wings are also wider (Figs. 4 I – K; Snegovaya, 2010: Figs. 4 – 6); O. lederi has larger body sizes; Fe 1 in O. lederi is thickened; the chelicerae in O. lederi are large and powerful.	en	Snegovaya, Nataly Y., Makarova, Olga L. (2025): New data on harvestmen (Arachnida, Opiliones) of Caucasian glaciers, with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 5653 (1): 123-132, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5653.1.7, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5653.1.7
703D87EB7075FF87FF3D36F8FB42FBBA.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species is named after the glacier (Bezengi) where this harvestman was caught.	en	Snegovaya, Nataly Y., Makarova, Olga L. (2025): New data on harvestmen (Arachnida, Opiliones) of Caucasian glaciers, with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 5653 (1): 123-132, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5653.1.7, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5653.1.7
703D87EB7075FF87FF3D36F8FB42FBBA.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known only from the type locality in Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria (Russia).	en	Snegovaya, Nataly Y., Makarova, Olga L. (2025): New data on harvestmen (Arachnida, Opiliones) of Caucasian glaciers, with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 5653 (1): 123-132, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5653.1.7, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5653.1.7
