taxonID	type	description	language	source
7C0A63666570FFBBFCA5434CFE625E41.taxon	materials_examined	Type genus: Laibalea Quicke & Butcher, here designated. Tribal diagnosis: Occipital carina not fused and far removed from hypostomal carina and separately reaching base of mandible (Fig. 4 D, arrows, Fig. 5 D). Cyclostome: hypoclypeal depression present and labrum concave and glabrous. Malar suture present (Fig. 5 C). Maxillary palp with six segments; fifth segment partially fused to sixth, approximately half length of sixth. Propleuron with posterodorsal flange. Mesoscutum with midpit posteriorly (Fig. 6 C). Postpectal carina absent. Propodeum areolate (Fig. 6 C). Precoxal sulcus absent. Vein 2 CUb of forewing interstitial (Fig. 4 E). Vein 1 m-cu short, much shorter than 2 RS (Fig. 4 E, F). Vein RS + M long, a little shorter than 2 RS. Vein 2 a of forewing absent. Hindwing with veins cu-a and m-cu present. Spiracles of tergites 1 – 6 located in laterotergites, far removed from border with notum. Ovipositor without dorsal nodus; ventral valves with six sharp ventral serrations (Fig. 6 E). LAIBALEA QUICKE & BUTCHER GEN. NOV. (FIGS 4 – 6) urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 95 D 501 C 6 - 8 ED 8 - 4278 - B 931 - D 32557 AEE 903 Etymology: Genus named for Laibale Friedman (Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel) in recognition of his expertise in collecting specimens. Gender: feminine. Type species: Laibalea enigmatica Quicke & Butcher, here designated. Diagnosis: Head - Terminal flagellomere virtually without apical spine. Flagellar segments each with a few elongate placoid sensilla that extend 80 % of length of the flagellomere; internal aperture short, occupying 20 % of sensillum length. Scapus long, curved, flaring apically, ~ 3.0 × longer than subglobose pedicellus. Eyes glabrous. Cyclostome (hypoclypeal depression present and labrum concave and glabrous). Malar suture continuous with groove running along anterior border of eye, not reaching base of mandible. Ocelli small, arranged in a triangle with base longer than sides. Antennal sockets situated close to each other. Head dorsally rather densely setose. Frons nearly flat, with weak scrobes behind antennal sockets. Mesosoma - Pronotum not produced into a conspicuous neck. Antescutal depression present, narrow. Mesoscutum rather overhanging pronotum, densely short-setose, with narrow, longitudinal midpit posteriorly; notauli present anteriorly, not meeting and posteriorly absent. Scutellar sulcus wide, rather flat, bipartite, with single medial carina. Mesopleuron largely smooth, shiny and glabrous except densely setose anteriorly (Fig. 6 A). Mesosternum setose. Prepectal carina absent laterally, present ventrally but weak and largely hidden by large fore-coxae. Precoxal sulcus absent. Median area of metanotum weakly ridged medially but without a distinct carina (Fig. 6 C). Propodeum with midlongitudinal carina on anterior 0.25. Fo r e w i n g - S e c o n d s u b m a r g i n a l c e l l l a r g e, pentagonal. Vein 1 rs-m present with single median bulla. Vein (RS + M) a weakly curved, not bisinuous. Vein 1 cu-a postfurcal. Second subdiscal cell closed distally; vein 2 - 1 A + 2 cu-a curving to join vein 1 CUb shortly before origin of short (almost interstitial) vein m-cu. Veins 2 CU, 2 M (sometimes referred to as 2 - SR + M being vertical) and 3 M (the posterior border of the second submarginal cell) arising from virtually a single point. Vein 2 - 1 A + 2 cu-a continuously tubular and without bulla. Both transverse anal veins (2 A and a) absent; veins 1 - 1 A and 2 - 1 A running close to posterior margin of wing. Hind wing - Vein R 1 long. Veins cu-a and m-cu present. Legs - Femora of all legs large, swollen, ~ 5.0 × longer than wide in lateral view. Apex of hind-tibia without comb of specialized setae. Hind-basitarsus long, distinctly tapering distally. Claws with small, rounded basal lobes. Metasoma - First tergite with strongly developed dorsal carinae that protrude anteriorly, forming a pair of crests, and run separately to posterior margin of tergum, defining a triangular area; dorsope moderately deep. Median tergites of segments 2 – 6 marginally less strongly sclerotized than laterotergites, but far from membranous, without sculpture. Suture between second and third metasomal tergites only indicated laterally; third tergite with single transverse, subposterior row of long setae.	en	Quicke, Donald L. J., Belokobylskij, Sergey A., Braet, Yves, Achterberg, Cornelis Van, Hebert, Paul D. N., Prosser, Sean W. J., Austin, Andrew D., Fagan-Jeffries, Erinn P., Ward, Darren F., Shaw, Mark R., Butcher, Buntika A. (2020): Phylogenetic reassignment of basal cyclostome braconid parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera) with description of a new, enigmatic Afrotropical tribe with a highly anomalous 28 S D 2 secondary structure. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 190: 1002-1019
7C0A6366657BFFBAFF7044B2FD855E03.taxon	description	(FIGS 4 – 6) urn: lsid: zoobank. org: pub: 23206719 - 96 D 4 - 45 BD- A 36 D- 2 D 9 E 7 BB 9 E 88 B Diagnosis: See genus diagnosis. Etymology: From Latin aenigma, a mystery, an enigma, referring to the mysterious nature of this species and its uncertain taxonomic placement. Type material: HOLOTYPE: female, ‘ KENYA, Kakamega Forest, 1525 m, 0 ° 13 ′ N, 34 ° 52 ′ E, 23 September 2005, coll. L. Friedman’, collected by sweep-netting a roadside verge (L. Friedman, pers. comm.) (TAU). PARATYPE: female, ‘ République Centrafricaine, P. N. Ndoki, loc 1, 28 – 31 January 2012, forêt à Gilbertiodendron, Malaise trap, expedit. Sangha 2012, P. Moretto leg. ’ (MRAC). Length of body 2.7 mm, of forewing 2.9 mm, of antenna 2.4 mm and of ovipositor (part exserted beyond apex of metasoma) 1.0 mm. Description Antenna with 21 flagellomeres. Median flagellomeres submoniliform; 3.5 × longer than wide. First flagellomere 2.0 × longer than wide, 1.1 × longer than second and 1.2 × longer than third, the latter being 2.5 × longer than wide. Ocelli small; transverse diameter of posterior ocellus ~ 0.2 × shortest distance between posterior ocellus and eye. Vertex shiny, with dense setiferous punctures. Maxillary palps with segments 3 and 4 having long, anteriorly directed setae. Mesosoma 1.5 × longer than high (lateral view). Mesoscutum shiny except for small setiferous punctures. Notauli narrow, impressed, crenulated on anterior 0.6 of mesoscutum, absent posteriorly. Forewing vein r-rs emerging marginally before middle of pterostigma, almost perpendicularly to pterostigma; vein r-rs 0.65 × 2 RS. Pterostigma 5.5 × longer than wide. Lengths of veins r-rs: 3 RSa: 3 RSb = 1.0: 1.5: 4.5. Hindwing vein M + Cu 0.9 × 1 - M. Base of hindwing evenly setose. Lengths of fore-femur: tibia: tarsus = 1.0: 1.0: 1.0. Lengths of hind-femur: tibia: tarsus = 1.15: 1.15: 1.0. Length of hind-basitarsus 3.5 × second tarsal segment. First metasomal tergite strongly sclerotized, 1.5 × wider posteriorly than long, largely with irregular rugulose sculpture. Body mostly black; legs dark reddish brown, but forelegs paler. Variation: Paratype: Length of body 2.8 mm, of forewing 2.5 mm, of antenna 2.5 mm and of ovipositor (part exserted beyond apex of metasoma) 1.5 mm. Vein r-rs of forewing inclivous to pterostigma; vein m-cu of forewing shortly present; hind-femur 3.3 × longer than wide; first metasomal tergite 1.8 × wider posteriorly than long. Remarks The holotype has an abnormally developed head, being microphthalmic on the right-hand side (Fig. 4 A – D; this is an occasional atavism among Braconidae and other Hymenoptera; e. g. Balazuc, 1958; Bin, 1976; Bordera & Tormos, 1986). The other side of the head appears normal and agrees well with that of the paratype from the Central African Republic (Fig. 5). The Kenyan specimen was selected as the holotype because we obtained DNA sequence data for it, whereas the paratype failed to yield sequenceable DNA. CONTENTS OF RHYSSALINAE AS HERE UNDERSTOOD Achaiabraconini: Achaiabracon Belokobylskij, 2009. Acrisidini: Acrisis Foerster, 1863; Proacrisis Tobias, 1983. Histeromerini: Histeromerus Wesmael, 1838. Rhyssalini (Oncophanini): Dolopsidea Hincks, 1944; Lysitermoides van Achterberg, 1995; Oncophanes Foerster, 1863 (including subgenus Koreophanes Belokobylskij, 2004); Pseudobathystomus Belokobylskij, 1986 (including subgenus Atlantobathystomus Belokobylskij & Koponen, 2004); Rhyssalus Haliday, 1833; Thoracoplites Fischer, 1961; Tobiason Belokobylskij, 2004. Laibaleini trib. nov.: Laibalea Quicke & Butcher gen. nov. CONTENTS OF MESOSTOINAE S. L. AS HERE UNDERSTOOD	en	Quicke, Donald L. J., Belokobylskij, Sergey A., Braet, Yves, Achterberg, Cornelis Van, Hebert, Paul D. N., Prosser, Sean W. J., Austin, Andrew D., Fagan-Jeffries, Erinn P., Ward, Darren F., Shaw, Mark R., Butcher, Buntika A. (2020): Phylogenetic reassignment of basal cyclostome braconid parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera) with description of a new, enigmatic Afrotropical tribe with a highly anomalous 28 S D 2 secondary structure. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 190: 1002-1019
