taxonID	type	description	language	source
FCC46AFCFD695E6E98B119BE1398B567.taxon	description	Figs 10, 23 A, B	en	Dugger, Abigail R., White, Kristine N. (2025): Caribbean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Panama. Part V: parvorder Amphilochidira. ZooKeys 1259: 57-102, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.165130
FCC46AFCFD695E6E98B119BE1398B567.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Anamorph male. Head anterior margin with small tooth-like projection; ventral keel elongate, subtriangular with pointed tip. Gnathopod 2 basis anteromedial margin with acute projection; propodus palm with several teeth; dactylus with distal serrations. Leucomorph male and female. Head anterior margin quadrate; ventral keel subrectangular. Gnathopod 1 carpus finely serrate, apex with two serrate spines, larger spine with bifid tip. Gnathopod 2 palm transverse, irregularly serrate.	en	Dugger, Abigail R., White, Kristine N. (2025): Caribbean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Panama. Part V: parvorder Amphilochidira. ZooKeys 1259: 57-102, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.165130
FCC46AFCFD695E6E98B119BE1398B567.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA: Dry Tortugas, Florida (Shoemaker 1933), Fort Pierce to Tampa, including the Florida Keys (Thomas 1997; LeCroy 2007), Mississippi Delta (Pearse 1912); Colombia: Isla Barú (Ortiz and Lemaitre 1994); Bahamas; Mexico: Yucatan; Belize: Carrie Bow Caye; Cuba: Guanahacabibes (Varela et al. 2003); Venezuela (Martín et al. 2013); Honduras; Jamaica; Greater and Lesser Antilles (Thomas 1997); Panama: Bocas del Toro (White 2011; present study).	en	Dugger, Abigail R., White, Kristine N. (2025): Caribbean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Panama. Part V: parvorder Amphilochidira. ZooKeys 1259: 57-102, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.165130
EBB4784BA9DE5251B4A386D1D2224727.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Extreme sexual dimorphism. Anamorph male. Head anterior margin oblique or rounded; mouthparts reduced. Gnathopod 1 carpochelate; coxa 1 greatly reduced, hidden by coxa 2. Gnathopod 2 enlarged, subchelate; propodus elongate with single mediofacial setal row. Female and leucomorph male. Head anterior margin transverse, mouthparts well developed. Gnathopod 2 subchelate; propodus subtriangular with transverse palm.	en	Dugger, Abigail R., White, Kristine N. (2025): Caribbean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Panama. Part V: parvorder Amphilochidira. ZooKeys 1259: 57-102, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.165130
88595FD8FB785418A7A85F7B93554574.taxon	description	Figs 11, 23 C, D	en	Dugger, Abigail R., White, Kristine N. (2025): Caribbean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Panama. Part V: parvorder Amphilochidira. ZooKeys 1259: 57-102, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.165130
88595FD8FB785418A7A85F7B93554574.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Anamorph male. Head with lateral ridge, anterior margin concave, without anterodistal notch, ventral keel rectangular. Gnathopod 2 basis with acute process subdistally; propodus palm with three teeth. Leucomorph male and female. Head ocular lobe rounded; ventral keel rounded, subacute distally. Gnathopod 1 propodus margin finely serrate with several small setae; carpus dentate and finely serrate, terminal spines smooth with terminal bulb. Gnathopod 2 propodus palm oblique with several serrations.	en	Dugger, Abigail R., White, Kristine N. (2025): Caribbean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Panama. Part V: parvorder Amphilochidira. ZooKeys 1259: 57-102, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.165130
88595FD8FB785418A7A85F7B93554574.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA: Georgia to the Florida Keys (Thomas 1997); Belize: Carrie Bow Caye (Thomas 1997); Mexico (Martín et al. 2013); Venezuela (Martín et al. 2013); Panama: Bocas del Toro (White 2011; present study).	en	Dugger, Abigail R., White, Kristine N. (2025): Caribbean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Panama. Part V: parvorder Amphilochidira. ZooKeys 1259: 57-102, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.165130
895C10EAD724513CBE333B65B309586F.taxon	description	Figs 1, 3, 22 A	en	Dugger, Abigail R., White, Kristine N. (2025): Caribbean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Panama. Part V: parvorder Amphilochidira. ZooKeys 1259: 57-102, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.165130
895C10EAD724513CBE333B65B309586F.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Panama: Bocas del Toro (present study).	en	Dugger, Abigail R., White, Kristine N. (2025): Caribbean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Panama. Part V: parvorder Amphilochidira. ZooKeys 1259: 57-102, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.165130
895C10EAD724513CBE333B65B309586F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Head anteroventral margin evenly rounded. Antenna 1 reaching the end of antenna 2 peduncle, with minute uni-articulate accessory flagellum. Mandibular molar reduced with a single apical spine. Gnathopod 2 carpal lobe nearly reaching palmar angle, propodus lacking anterolateral spines and anterodistal projection, anterodistal corner rounded, palm finely crenulate.	en	Dugger, Abigail R., White, Kristine N. (2025): Caribbean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Panama. Part V: parvorder Amphilochidira. ZooKeys 1259: 57-102, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.165130
895C10EAD724513CBE333B65B309586F.taxon	description	Description. Female (holotype, 2.3 mm). Head. Eye medium, oval, darkly pigmented in the center. Head anteroventral margin evenly rounded; rostrum reaching end of antennae 1 peduncle article 1. Antenna 1 shorter than antenna 2, nearly reaching end of antenna 2 peduncle; flagellum 5 - articulate; accessory flagellum uni-articulate, minute. Antenna 2 1.3 × length of antenna 1; flagellum 6 - articulate. Maxilliped inner plate lined with marginal setae; outer plate broad, margins lined with setae, apical margin with one bifurcate spine-seta, inner margin slightly concave; palp article 3 inner distal margin tuberculate. Maxilla 1 inner plate with 5 marginal spine-setae, palp segment 2 elongate with 5 distal setae. Maxilla 2 plates medium width, both plates lined with thin and medium width setae apically. Mandibular molar reduced, with single apical spine; left mandible with row of nine spine setae; palp missing. Upper and lower lips damaged in dissection. Pereon. Coxae 1 short, ventral margin serrate; coxa 2 rounded, posteroventral margin serrate; coxa 3 anteriorly rounded, posteroventral margin serrate; coxa 4 rounded, posterior margin concave. Gnathopod 1 basis with one posteroventral seta; ischium as wide as long; carpal lobe reaching 0.67 × propodus posterior margin, distal margin with three setae; propodus palm convex, crenulate, with five setae in distal half; dactylus distal inner margin lined with setae. Gnathopod 2, basis bare; carpal lobe reaching palmar angle; propodus lacking anterolateral setae, anterodistal corner rounded, palm convex, crenulate, lined with small setae; dactylus slender, proximal margin lined with setae. Pereopods 3 and 4 dactyli medium, slender. Pereopods 5 – 7 bases rounded, pereopod 7 basis widest; dactylus medium, slender. Pleon. Epimera 1 – 3 rounded, bare. Pleopods, rami longer than peduncle; pleopods 1 – 3 rami with eight, seven, and six articles, respectively. Uropod 1 slender, peduncle with four marginal spine-setae, 1.6 × length of rami; rami subequal, distal margins lined with setae; inner ramus lacking spine-setae; outer ramus with one spine-seta. Uropod 2 0.5 × length of uropod 1; peduncle with one distal spine-seta, 0.5 × length of inner ramus; inner ramus 1.7 × length of outer ramus, with one distal spine-seta; outer ramus with one distal spine-seta. Uropod 3 missing. Telson subtriangular, length 2.4 × width, apex narrowly rounded. Variation (paratype female, 2.4 mm). Mandibular spine row with eleven spine setae. Male unknown.	en	Dugger, Abigail R., White, Kristine N. (2025): Caribbean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Panama. Part V: parvorder Amphilochidira. ZooKeys 1259: 57-102, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.165130
895C10EAD724513CBE333B65B309586F.taxon	etymology	Etymology. After the place Drago, Bocas del Toro, Panama, meaning “ mouth of the dragon ” and referring to the type locality.	en	Dugger, Abigail R., White, Kristine N. (2025): Caribbean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Panama. Part V: parvorder Amphilochidira. ZooKeys 1259: 57-102, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.165130
C34B7F6DCA4A5957BF3B2FEC2826FD7D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Antenna 1 short, subequal in length with or slightly longer than peduncle of antenna 2, peduncle segments 1 and 2 broadened. Gnathopods 1 and 2 strongly subchelate. Gnathopod 2 carpus posterior lobe well-developed; propodus palm distinct, palmar angle defined by one or two spines. Pereopods 3 and 4 dactyli shorter than dactyli of pereopods 5 – 7. Telson subtriangular or linguiform.	en	Dugger, Abigail R., White, Kristine N. (2025): Caribbean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Panama. Part V: parvorder Amphilochidira. ZooKeys 1259: 57-102, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.165130
E092FE1434F350F281B660291BA932DD.taxon	description	Figs 4, 22 B	en	Dugger, Abigail R., White, Kristine N. (2025): Caribbean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Panama. Part V: parvorder Amphilochidira. ZooKeys 1259: 57-102, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.165130
E092FE1434F350F281B660291BA932DD.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Head anteroventral margin acute. Antenna 1 shorter than peduncle of antenna 2, lacking accessory flagellum. Gnathopod 2 carpal lobe nearly reaching palmar angle; propodus lacking anterolateral spines, with anterodistal projection. Pereopods 3 and 4 dactyli slender.	en	Dugger, Abigail R., White, Kristine N. (2025): Caribbean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Panama. Part V: parvorder Amphilochidira. ZooKeys 1259: 57-102, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.165130
E092FE1434F350F281B660291BA932DD.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA: Southern California (Barnard 1962); Panama: Bocas del Toro (present study).	en	Dugger, Abigail R., White, Kristine N. (2025): Caribbean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Panama. Part V: parvorder Amphilochidira. ZooKeys 1259: 57-102, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.165130
EFA867F5BC2157A9A966B0AC2AAF50BF.taxon	description	Figs 5, 22 C	en	Dugger, Abigail R., White, Kristine N. (2025): Caribbean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Panama. Part V: parvorder Amphilochidira. ZooKeys 1259: 57-102, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.165130
EFA867F5BC2157A9A966B0AC2AAF50BF.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Head anteroventral margin subquadrate. Antenna 1 shorter than peduncle of antenna 2 with minute uni-articulate accessory flagellum. Gnathopod 2 carpal lobe clearly not reaching palmar angle; propodus with two anterolateral spines, lacking anterodistal projection, anterodistal margin acute. Pereopods 3 and 4 dactyli slender.	en	Dugger, Abigail R., White, Kristine N. (2025): Caribbean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Panama. Part V: parvorder Amphilochidira. ZooKeys 1259: 57-102, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.165130
EFA867F5BC2157A9A966B0AC2AAF50BF.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA: Florida Keys (Barnard and Thomas 1983); Belize (Martín et al. 2013); Panama: Bocas del Toro (present study).	en	Dugger, Abigail R., White, Kristine N. (2025): Caribbean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Panama. Part V: parvorder Amphilochidira. ZooKeys 1259: 57-102, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.165130
95A77939FDD55C01A495759F0A75866F.taxon	description	Figs 12, 23 E	en	Dugger, Abigail R., White, Kristine N. (2025): Caribbean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Panama. Part V: parvorder Amphilochidira. ZooKeys 1259: 57-102, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.165130
95A77939FDD55C01A495759F0A75866F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Head anterodistal margin subquadrate without cusp; ventral keel slightly produced. Gnathopod 1 basis anterior and posterior margins bare; carpus thickened; propodus expanded, palm dentate; dactylus reaching less than 0.2 × propodus length. Gnathopod 2 basis with anterodistal projection; carpus distally truncate, spoon-like; propodus with one mediofacial setal row above midline, reaching 0.9 × propodus length, palm with several small tubercles. Coxa 4 posterior margin slightly concave. Epimeron 3 posteroventral corner subquadrate.	en	Dugger, Abigail R., White, Kristine N. (2025): Caribbean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Panama. Part V: parvorder Amphilochidira. ZooKeys 1259: 57-102, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.165130
95A77939FDD55C01A495759F0A75866F.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA: Monterey Bay to San Ramon Bay, California (Barnard 1952, 1955, 1962, 1964 a, 1964 b, 1966, 1969 a, 1969 b, 1979); Japan: West Kyushu, Tomioka Bay (Hirayama 1985); Panama: Bocas del Toro (present study).	en	Dugger, Abigail R., White, Kristine N. (2025): Caribbean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Panama. Part V: parvorder Amphilochidira. ZooKeys 1259: 57-102, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.165130
66C12B576D4D5268960FBF30AD38E64B.taxon	description	Figs 13, 23 F	en	Dugger, Abigail R., White, Kristine N. (2025): Caribbean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Panama. Part V: parvorder Amphilochidira. ZooKeys 1259: 57-102, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.165130
66C12B576D4D5268960FBF30AD38E64B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Head anterodistal margin rounded; ventral keel rounded. Gnathopod 1 basis anterior margin with 0 – 1 seta, posterior margin bare; propodus palm serrate; dactylus reaching more than 0.2 × propodus length. Gnathopod 2 basis anterior margin with six short setae; carpus distally expanded, anterior margin dentate; propodus primary mediofacial setal row above midline, reaching 0.7 × propodus length, secondary mediofacial row with two or three setae, submarginal setal row present, palm with several small tubercles. Coxa 4 posterior margin slightly concave. Epimeron 3 posteroventral corner subquadrate.	en	Dugger, Abigail R., White, Kristine N. (2025): Caribbean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Panama. Part V: parvorder Amphilochidira. ZooKeys 1259: 57-102, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.165130
66C12B576D4D5268960FBF30AD38E64B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA: South Florida, Florida Keys; Bahamas; Puerto Rico: Vieques; Mexico (Martín et al. 2013); Belize: Whale Shoals; Honduras: Roatan (Thomas and Klebba 2006); Panama: Bocas del Toro (White 2011; present study).	en	Dugger, Abigail R., White, Kristine N. (2025): Caribbean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Panama. Part V: parvorder Amphilochidira. ZooKeys 1259: 57-102, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.165130
E967EF93FAC25093B4803A3A332A03C7.taxon	description	Figs 14, 23 G	en	Dugger, Abigail R., White, Kristine N. (2025): Caribbean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Panama. Part V: parvorder Amphilochidira. ZooKeys 1259: 57-102, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.165130
E967EF93FAC25093B4803A3A332A03C7.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Head anterodistal margin quadrate with cusp; ventral keel projected with cusp. Coxae 1 – 4 anterodistal and / or ventral margins serrate; coxa 4 posterior margin tapered. Gnathopod 1 basis anterior and posterior margins setose; carpus with two facial setae; propodus palm dentate; dactylus reaching greater than 0.2 × propodus length. Gnathopod 2 basis anterior margin lined with setae; carpus distally truncate; propodus mediofacial setal row reaching 0.7 × propodus length, secondary mediofacial row with six setae, palm with several tubercles. Epimeron 3 posteroventral corner narrowly rounded.	en	Dugger, Abigail R., White, Kristine N. (2025): Caribbean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Panama. Part V: parvorder Amphilochidira. ZooKeys 1259: 57-102, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.165130
E967EF93FAC25093B4803A3A332A03C7.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA: Florida Keys; Belize: Pelican Cays (Thomas and Klebba 2007); Panama: Bocas del Toro (White 2011; present study).	en	Dugger, Abigail R., White, Kristine N. (2025): Caribbean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Panama. Part V: parvorder Amphilochidira. ZooKeys 1259: 57-102, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.165130
33ECD3E29BB05839B6D9A3E8C8852BB0.taxon	description	Figs 15, 23 H	en	Dugger, Abigail R., White, Kristine N. (2025): Caribbean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Panama. Part V: parvorder Amphilochidira. ZooKeys 1259: 57-102, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.165130
33ECD3E29BB05839B6D9A3E8C8852BB0.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Head anteroventral margin round. Coxae 1 – 4 smooth; coxa 4 posterior margin rounded. Gnathopod 1 basis expanded, posterior margin lacking setae; carpus expanded, posterior margin with row of long setae; propodus palm smooth; dactylus reduced, nail-like. Gnathopod 2 basis with few setae; carpus narrowing distally, tridentate; propodus mediofacial setal row above midline, reaching 0.6 × length of propodus, dense row of submarginal setae present, palm with several tubercles; dactylus reaching 0.5 × length of propodus. Epimeron 3 posteroventral margin subquadrate, with a single seta.	en	Dugger, Abigail R., White, Kristine N. (2025): Caribbean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Panama. Part V: parvorder Amphilochidira. ZooKeys 1259: 57-102, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.165130
33ECD3E29BB05839B6D9A3E8C8852BB0.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA: Florida Keys (Thomas and Klebba 2007); Belize: Pelican Cays (Thomas and Klebba 2007); Cuba: Gulf of Batabanó and Baracoa Beach, Barlovento (Ortiz 1975); Panama: Bocas del Toro (White 2011; present study).	en	Dugger, Abigail R., White, Kristine N. (2025): Caribbean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Panama. Part V: parvorder Amphilochidira. ZooKeys 1259: 57-102, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.165130
7D40CF7EBBC1523EB58C7052A94E7FED.taxon	description	Figs 16, 24 A	en	Dugger, Abigail R., White, Kristine N. (2025): Caribbean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Panama. Part V: parvorder Amphilochidira. ZooKeys 1259: 57-102, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.165130
7D40CF7EBBC1523EB58C7052A94E7FED.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Head anterodistal margin quadrate with cusp; ventral keel acute. Coxae 1 – 3 each with antero- and posterodistal cusp, coxa 4 ventrally serrate, posteriorly tapered. Gnathopod 1 basis anterior margin with few setae, posterior margin bare; carpus with one facial seta; propodus palm dentate; dactylus reaching greater than 0.2 × propodus length. Gnathopod 2 basis anterior margin with few setae; carpus tapering distally; propodus mediofacial setal row above midline, reaching 0.7 × propodus length, secondary mediofacial row with 2 – 4 setae, palm with several small tubercles. Pereopod 5 – 7 bases narrowly expanded. Epimeron 3 posteroventral corner quadrate.	en	Dugger, Abigail R., White, Kristine N. (2025): Caribbean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Panama. Part V: parvorder Amphilochidira. ZooKeys 1259: 57-102, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.165130
7D40CF7EBBC1523EB58C7052A94E7FED.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA: Hawaii (Thomas and Klebba 2006), South Carolina (LeCroy 2011), South Florida to the Florida Keys (Thomas and Klebba 2006); Mexico (Martín et al. 2013); Belize: Carrie Bow Cay (Thomas and Klebba 2007); Turks and Caicos Islands (LeCroy 2011); Brazil: Albrolhos (Thomas and Klebba 2006); Panama: Bocas del Toro (White 2011; present study).	en	Dugger, Abigail R., White, Kristine N. (2025): Caribbean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Panama. Part V: parvorder Amphilochidira. ZooKeys 1259: 57-102, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.165130
89ADF42E502254FE9BF42D3C1062B313.taxon	description	Figs 17, 24 B	en	Dugger, Abigail R., White, Kristine N. (2025): Caribbean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Panama. Part V: parvorder Amphilochidira. ZooKeys 1259: 57-102, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.165130
89ADF42E502254FE9BF42D3C1062B313.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Head anterior margin oblique with rounded cusp; ventral keel rounded. Gnathopod 1 basis distally expanded, margins bare; carpus expanded, proximal margin with long distal seta; propodus inflated; dactylus reaching greater than 0.2 × propodus length. Gnathopod 2 carpus elongate, distally truncate; propodus distal margin with blade-like process, mediofacial row above midline, reaching almost entire length of propodus, palm subrectangular; dactylus short, thick. Coxa 4 anteroventral margin serrate, posterior margin excavate. Epimeron 3 posteroventral corner rounded with two setae.	en	Dugger, Abigail R., White, Kristine N. (2025): Caribbean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Panama. Part V: parvorder Amphilochidira. ZooKeys 1259: 57-102, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.165130
89ADF42E502254FE9BF42D3C1062B313.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA: North Carolina to the Florida Keys (Thomas and Ortiz 1995), South Carolina (LeCroy 2011), Cuba: Isla de la Juventud (Thomas and Ortiz 1995); Brazil: Pernambuco, Alagoas (Serejo 1998); Turks and Caicos Islands (LeCroy 2011); Panama: Bocas del Toro (White 2011; present study).	en	Dugger, Abigail R., White, Kristine N. (2025): Caribbean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Panama. Part V: parvorder Amphilochidira. ZooKeys 1259: 57-102, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.165130
86BF29D06C475B28A2103D7E8A04E30C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Minimal sexual dimorphism. Eyes well-developed. Mandibular palp tri-articulate; left lacinia mobilis larger than right. Maxilliped outer plate not longer than palp article 1. Coxa 1 – 4 subequal in size. Gnathopod 1 carpochelate. Pereopods 5 – 7 bases expanded.	en	Dugger, Abigail R., White, Kristine N. (2025): Caribbean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Panama. Part V: parvorder Amphilochidira. ZooKeys 1259: 57-102, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.165130
32CBA0426E725C4DAA32C0773BC01A6C.taxon	description	Figs 18, 24 C	en	Dugger, Abigail R., White, Kristine N. (2025): Caribbean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Panama. Part V: parvorder Amphilochidira. ZooKeys 1259: 57-102, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.165130
32CBA0426E725C4DAA32C0773BC01A6C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Head anterior margin truncate; ventral keel anterior margin weakly concave, anteroventral margin serrate. Gnathopod 1 basis anterior margin with a few short setae; carpus proximal margin dentate, lacking facial setae; propodus palm dentate, with distal setae; dactylus reaching greater than 0.2 × propodus length. Gnathopod 2 basis anterior margin with several short setae; carpus distally rounded, anterior margin dentate; propodus primary mediofacial setal row above midline, slightly displaced, reaching 0.7 × propodus length, secondary row with three setae, palm with small tubercles, one row of submarginal setae present. Coxa 4 minutely serrate, posterior margin tapered. Epimeron 3 posteroventral corner quadrate.	en	Dugger, Abigail R., White, Kristine N. (2025): Caribbean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Panama. Part V: parvorder Amphilochidira. ZooKeys 1259: 57-102, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.165130
32CBA0426E725C4DAA32C0773BC01A6C.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA: Tampa Bay, Florida (White 2019); Panama: Bocas del Toro (present study).	en	Dugger, Abigail R., White, Kristine N. (2025): Caribbean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Panama. Part V: parvorder Amphilochidira. ZooKeys 1259: 57-102, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.165130
949A5F405CA05B49947F53A81914057B.taxon	description	Figs 19, 24 D	en	Dugger, Abigail R., White, Kristine N. (2025): Caribbean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Panama. Part V: parvorder Amphilochidira. ZooKeys 1259: 57-102, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.165130
949A5F405CA05B49947F53A81914057B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Head anterior margin rounded; ventral keel rounded. Gnathopod 1 basis anterior margin with two short setae; carpus proximal margin dentate, with two facial setae; propodus palm dentate, with distal setae; dactylus reaching greater than 0.2 × propodus length. Gnathopod 2 basis anterior margin with several short setae; carpus distally rounded, anterior margin dentate; propodus primary mediofacial setal row above midline, slightly displaced, reaching 0.7 × propodus length, secondary row with one seta, palm with several tubercles, one row of submarginal setae present. Coxa 4 smooth, posterior margin weakly concave. Epimeron 3 posteroventral corner subquadrate.	en	Dugger, Abigail R., White, Kristine N. (2025): Caribbean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Panama. Part V: parvorder Amphilochidira. ZooKeys 1259: 57-102, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.165130
949A5F405CA05B49947F53A81914057B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA: Tampa Bay and Tarpon Springs, Florida (White 2019), south Florida to the Florida Keys (Thomas and Klebba 2007), Apalachee Bay, Florida (LeCroy 2011), Mobile Bay, Alabama (LeCroy 2011), 7 ½ Fathom Reef, Texas (LeCroy 2011), and South Carolina (LeCroy 2011); Belize: Carrie Bow Cay (Thomas and Klebba 2007); Panama, Bocas del Toro (White 2011; this study).	en	Dugger, Abigail R., White, Kristine N. (2025): Caribbean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Panama. Part V: parvorder Amphilochidira. ZooKeys 1259: 57-102, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.165130
62ADF250281154F4B966EF3FF4207C26.taxon	description	Figs 20, 24 E	en	Dugger, Abigail R., White, Kristine N. (2025): Caribbean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Panama. Part V: parvorder Amphilochidira. ZooKeys 1259: 57-102, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.165130
62ADF250281154F4B966EF3FF4207C26.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Head anterior margin truncate, anterodistal margin with cusp; ventral keel produced, subquadrate. Gnathopod 1 basis anterior margin with several setae, female posterior margin lined with setae; carpus proximal margin dentate; propodus palm dentate, with distal setae; dactylus reaching further than 0.2 × propodus length. Gnathopod 2 basis anterior margin with several short and medium length setae, female posterior margin with few setae; carpus distally truncate, anterior margin dentate; propodus primary mediofacial setal row above midline, slightly displaced, reaching 0.6 – 0.7 × propodus length, secondary mediofacial setal row with four setae, palm minutely tuberculate, one row of submarginal setae present. Coxa 4 smooth, posterior margin concave. Epimeron 3 posteroventral corner subquadrate.	en	Dugger, Abigail R., White, Kristine N. (2025): Caribbean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Panama. Part V: parvorder Amphilochidira. ZooKeys 1259: 57-102, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.165130
62ADF250281154F4B966EF3FF4207C26.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA: Florida Keys (Thomas and Klebba 2007); Belize: Pelican Cays (Thomas and Klebba 2007); Panama: Bocas del Toro (White 2011; present study).	en	Dugger, Abigail R., White, Kristine N. (2025): Caribbean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Panama. Part V: parvorder Amphilochidira. ZooKeys 1259: 57-102, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.165130
3A471CEF7C5A5487880DA3D230421B56.taxon	description	Figs 21, 24 F	en	Dugger, Abigail R., White, Kristine N. (2025): Caribbean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Panama. Part V: parvorder Amphilochidira. ZooKeys 1259: 57-102, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.165130
3A471CEF7C5A5487880DA3D230421B56.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Head anterior margin rounded; ventral keel anterodistal margin quadrate. Gnathopod 1 coxa with one mediofacial seta; basis anterior margin with few short setae, posterior margin bare; carpus proximal margin dentate, with several facial setae; propodus palm dentate; dactylus reaching more than 0.2 × propodus length. Gnathopod 2 basis anterior margin with several short setae, posterior margin bare; carpus distally truncate, anterior margin dentate; propodus primary mediofacial setal row displaced to midline, reaching 0.8 × propodus length, secondary mediofacial setal row with three setae, palm with distinct tubercules, one row of submarginal setae present. Coxa 4 smooth, posterior margin concave. Epimeron 3 posteroventral corner subquadrate, slightly produced.	en	Dugger, Abigail R., White, Kristine N. (2025): Caribbean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Panama. Part V: parvorder Amphilochidira. ZooKeys 1259: 57-102, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.165130
3A471CEF7C5A5487880DA3D230421B56.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA: Biscayne Bay, Florida Keys (Thomas and Klebba 2007); Belize: Pelican Cays (Thomas and Klebba 2007); Panama: Bocas del Toro (White 2011; present study).	en	Dugger, Abigail R., White, Kristine N. (2025): Caribbean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Panama. Part V: parvorder Amphilochidira. ZooKeys 1259: 57-102, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.165130
EF40D07C599556F99A14F4D8E961266A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Antennae stout, flagella reduced. Eyes absent or poorly developed. Body subcylindrical. Gnathopod 1 chelate or subchelate. Gnathopod 2 chelate. Urosome segments 2 and 3 fused; uropod 3 uniramous. Telson entire.	en	Dugger, Abigail R., White, Kristine N. (2025): Caribbean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Panama. Part V: parvorder Amphilochidira. ZooKeys 1259: 57-102, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.165130
A20BC407E3ED54C8B08D5BE8C2F9B68E.taxon	description	Figs 6, 22 D	en	Dugger, Abigail R., White, Kristine N. (2025): Caribbean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Panama. Part V: parvorder Amphilochidira. ZooKeys 1259: 57-102, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.165130
A20BC407E3ED54C8B08D5BE8C2F9B68E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Antenna 1 sparsely setose; peduncle article length ratios: 1: 1.1: 0.4; accessory flagellum lacking. Gnathopod 1 chelate; propodus palm transverse; dactylus proximal margin smooth. Gnathopod 2 article 5 0.7 × length of article 6 (measured to distal end). Pereopod 7 basis posterior margin with distoventral lobe. Epimeron 3 posteroventral corner acute, produced.	en	Dugger, Abigail R., White, Kristine N. (2025): Caribbean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Panama. Part V: parvorder Amphilochidira. ZooKeys 1259: 57-102, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.165130
A20BC407E3ED54C8B08D5BE8C2F9B68E.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA: Biscayne Bay, Florida to the Florida Keys (Thomas 1993), Port Isabel, Texas (McKinney 1980); Mexico: Yucatan Peninsula (McKinney 1980; Oliva-Rivera and Jiménez-Cueto 1992 as Seba n. sp.); Belize: Carrie Bow Caye (Thomas 1993); Venezuela: Cayo Boca Seca (Martín 2001); Panama: Bocas del Toro (present study).	en	Dugger, Abigail R., White, Kristine N. (2025): Caribbean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Panama. Part V: parvorder Amphilochidira. ZooKeys 1259: 57-102, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.165130
8B78236446D95A7BABA02F5CA049DB67.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Maxilla 1 palp bi-articulate. Gnathopods 1 and 2 subchelate. Coxa 1 reduced; coxa 4 large, shield-like, posteriorly tapered, not covering basis of pereopod 7. Pereopod 5 basis linear. Pereopods 6 and 7 basis expanded. Uropod 3 uniramous, ramus bi-articulate.	en	Dugger, Abigail R., White, Kristine N. (2025): Caribbean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Panama. Part V: parvorder Amphilochidira. ZooKeys 1259: 57-102, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.165130
0BC7B53032E25037A83A7FD1E7993AEE.taxon	description	Figs 7, 22 E	en	Dugger, Abigail R., White, Kristine N. (2025): Caribbean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Panama. Part V: parvorder Amphilochidira. ZooKeys 1259: 57-102, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.165130
0BC7B53032E25037A83A7FD1E7993AEE.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Head anterior margin subtruncate, eye relatively small. Gnathopod 2 of female propodus subovate, palmar angle absent, palm smooth. Gnathopod 2 of male propodus palmar angle absent, with distal palmar tooth (not illustrated). Pereopod 7 merus posterodistal lobe not reaching more than halfway to distal margin of carpus. Uropod 1 peduncle with distoventral spur; inner ramus with one spine-seta. Uropod 3 second article of ramus subequal in length with first article of ramus.	en	Dugger, Abigail R., White, Kristine N. (2025): Caribbean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Panama. Part V: parvorder Amphilochidira. ZooKeys 1259: 57-102, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.165130
0BC7B53032E25037A83A7FD1E7993AEE.taxon	distribution	Distribution. This species has been reported worldwide in tropical and warm temperate seas. Western Atlantic distribution: USA: North Carolina (Fox and Bynum 1975), Louisiana (Lewbel et al. 1987), Florida (Culpepper 1969; Thomas 1993; Nelson 1995; Rakocinski et al. 1996; LeCroy 2011), Texas (McKinney 1977); Mexico: Veracruz (McKinney 1977), Quintana Roo (Oliva-Rivera and Jiménez-Cueto 1992); Cuba: Sabana-Camagüey (Ortiz and Lalana 1996); Costa Rica: (Martín et al. 2013); Venezuela: Anzoátegui, Sucre (Martín and Díaz 2003); Puerto Rico (Shoemaker 1935); Virgin Islands (Shoemaker 1935); Panama: Bocas del Toro (present study).	en	Dugger, Abigail R., White, Kristine N. (2025): Caribbean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Panama. Part V: parvorder Amphilochidira. ZooKeys 1259: 57-102, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.165130
5A68F180F26452C38F47B714E1F47B81.taxon	description	Figs 8, 22 F	en	Dugger, Abigail R., White, Kristine N. (2025): Caribbean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Panama. Part V: parvorder Amphilochidira. ZooKeys 1259: 57-102, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.165130
5A68F180F26452C38F47B714E1F47B81.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Head anterior margin rounded, eye relatively large. Gnathopod 2 of female propodus subrectangular, palmar angle defined by spine, palm crenulate. Gnathopod 2 of male propodus palm and posterior margin distinguishable, lacking distal palmar tooth (not illustrated). Pereopod 7 merus posterodistal lobe not reaching more than halfway to distal margin of carpus. Uropod 1 peduncle lacking distoventral spur; inner ramus bare. Uropod 3 second article of ramus 1.6 × length of first article of ramus.	en	Dugger, Abigail R., White, Kristine N. (2025): Caribbean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Panama. Part V: parvorder Amphilochidira. ZooKeys 1259: 57-102, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.165130
5A68F180F26452C38F47B714E1F47B81.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA: Texas (McKinney 1977); Cape Cod, Massachusetts to northeast Florida (Holmes 1903; Watling and Maurer 1972; Bousfield 1973; Caine 1986), Pine Island Sound, Florida (LeCroy 2011), Apalachee Bay, Florida (Lewis 1984, 1987); Panama: Bocas del Toro (present study).	en	Dugger, Abigail R., White, Kristine N. (2025): Caribbean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Panama. Part V: parvorder Amphilochidira. ZooKeys 1259: 57-102, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.165130
FF1CA05F424C59418A126D746EC66E7B.taxon	description	Figs 9, 22 G	en	Dugger, Abigail R., White, Kristine N. (2025): Caribbean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Panama. Part V: parvorder Amphilochidira. ZooKeys 1259: 57-102, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.165130
FF1CA05F424C59418A126D746EC66E7B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Head anterior margin rounded, eye relatively large. Gnathopod 2 of female propodus subovate, palmar angle absent, palm crenulate. Gnathopod 2 of male propodus palmar angle absent, with distal palmar tooth (not illustrated). Pereopod 7 merus posterodistal lobe nearly reaching distal margin of carpus. Uropod 1 peduncle lacking distoventral spur; inner ramus with two spine-setae. Uropod 3 second article of ramus subequal in length with first article of ramus.	en	Dugger, Abigail R., White, Kristine N. (2025): Caribbean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Panama. Part V: parvorder Amphilochidira. ZooKeys 1259: 57-102, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.165130
FF1CA05F424C59418A126D746EC66E7B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. This species has been reported as nearly cosmopolitan in tropical and warm temperate seas. Western Atlantic distribution: USA: North Carolina (Fox and Bynum 1975), South Carolina (LeCroy 2011), Biscayne Bay, Florida (LeCroy 2011), the Dry Tortugas, Florida (Pearse 1932); Bonaire: Bonaire, Kralendijk (Krapp-Schickel 2015); Bermuda: Harrington Sound (Krapp-Schickel 2015); Colombia: Barú (Ortiz and Lemaitre 1994); Brazil: Rio de Janeiro (Dana 1853; Wakabara and Serejo 1998); Panama: Bocas del Toro (present study).	en	Dugger, Abigail R., White, Kristine N. (2025): Caribbean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Panama. Part V: parvorder Amphilochidira. ZooKeys 1259: 57-102, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.165130
