taxonID	type	description	language	source
814A879FFFD71912FCE2FA21FE71FE5B.taxon	description	Erect or prostate, annual or perennial herbs in open or cultivated areas. Stems obtusely quadrangular with longitudinal groves. Leaves opposite, simple, petiolate or subsessile, aromatic. Inflorescence a terminal and axillary thyrse, spike-like, lax or compact, cylindrical or secund; leafy bracts present or absent. Calyx 2 - lipped; tube ventricose or slightly ventricose, campanulate or tubular, 10 - nerved; lobes subequal, usually thick-edged; upper lip 3 - lobed, slightly shorter or equal to the lower lip; fruiting calyx more or less larger, usually enclosed. Corolla 2 - lipped; tube glabrescent or glabrous outside, with or without an annulus of simple hairs inside; lobes pubescent, sometimes with translucent dots outside, pubescent or glabrous inside, entire or undulate; upper lip 3 - lobed; lower lip 1 - lobed. Stamens 4 or 2, exserted or included, each pair inserted at different levels; filaments glabrous or puberulous; anthers 2 - celled, kidneyshaped, longitudinally dehiscent, basifixed. Style ascending under upper corolla lip, exserted or included, fleshy, glabrous; stigma bifid with lobes subequal or unequal. Disc 4 - lobed with an anterior tumescent lobe. Nutlets obovate, oblong or ovate, 4 rarely 1 by abortion, glabrous.	en	Bongcheewin, B., Chantaranothai, P., Paton, A. (2015): Elsholtzia (Lamiaceae) in Thailand. Blumea 59 (3): 209-214, DOI: 10.3767/000651915X688696, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651915x688696
814A879FFFD61912FCE2FD94FBF9F7FF.taxon	distribution	Distribution — India, China, Myanmar, Thailand (N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Rai, Chiang Mai, Nan, Lampang, Phitsanulok), Vietnam, Sumatra. Ecology — Paddy field or open places in hill evergreen or pine-dipterocarp forest, 1000 – 2300 m altitude. Flowering and fruiting: October to February (March). Specimens examined. Bongcheewin 233, 475, 762; Chamchumroon et al. 1674; Chermsirivathana 545; Fukuoka T­ 4352; Garrett 92, 842; Geesink et al. 7996; Hansen & Smitinand 12660, 12771; Hosseus 232, 239; Iwatsuki & Fukuoka T­ 3498; Kerr 1588, 1588 B, 6562; Konta et al. 4665, 4702, 4959; Koyama & Phengklai T­ 44205; Koyama et al. T­ 32790, T­ 39628, T­ 39845; Larsen et al. 44339; Maxwell 87 ­ 1552, 95 ­ 1307, 01 ­ 676; Paisooksantivatana 1641 ­ 85; Put 4428; Sadakorn 241, 636; Santisuk 1151, 8646; Shimizu et al. T­ 11570, T­ 18886; Smitinand & Alsterlund 6728; S. P. et al. 16; Srisanga 1127; Suddee et al. 1083; Van Beusekom & Phengklai 2389; Yahara T­ 50284. Note — The Wallich’s Catalogue no. 1550 stamped with Herb. Benthamianum includes two collections mounted on the same sheet, i. e. Wall. Cat. 1550.1 (mounted on the left-hand side) and 1550.2. Wall. Cat. 1550.1 is in better condition and is selected as a lectotype.	en	Bongcheewin, B., Chantaranothai, P., Paton, A. (2015): Elsholtzia (Lamiaceae) in Thailand. Blumea 59 (3): 209-214, DOI: 10.3767/000651915X688696, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651915x688696
814A879FFFD51911FFADFF71FDFDFAC2.taxon	distribution	Distribution — India, Myanmar, Thailand (N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai; possibly introduced). Vernacular name — Phak loom poom. Ecology — Cultivated in home gardens, in disturbed forest or mountain valleys, 400 – 600 m altitude. Flowering and fruiting: November to February. Specimens examined. Bongcheewin 506, 940; Budsara & Suriya 1; Lakshnakara 1520. Note — Elsholtzia griffithii is morphologically similar to E. communis in leaf size, inflorescence, floral characters and the distribution range. Both species are inseparable based on specimen examination of a broader range from India, China, Myanmar and Vietnam and E. communis is thus reduced to a synonym under E. griffithii, the earlier name.	en	Bongcheewin, B., Chantaranothai, P., Paton, A. (2015): Elsholtzia (Lamiaceae) in Thailand. Blumea 59 (3): 209-214, DOI: 10.3767/000651915X688696, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651915x688696
814A879FFFD51911FFADFA43FA72FD4E.taxon	distribution	Distribution — China, Myanmar, Thailand (N: Chiang Mai; possibly introduced). Vernacular names — Phak lern, Phak luean. Ecology — Cultivated in home gardens or found by streams in disturbed forest, 500 – 1400 m altitude. Flowering and fruiting: October to December. Specimens examined. Bongcheewin et al. 1017, 1020; Maxwell 96 ­ 1468; Put 3478, 3881; Umpai 506. Additional specimen seen. Muquim 48. Notes — In 1898 – 1905, Prain was a superintendent at Royal Botanic Garden, Calcutta (Stafleu & Cowan 1983), therefore a collection housed at CAL is chosen as lectotype. There are two inflorescence forms, compact and lax. At early anthesis, the inflorescence is short, 2 – 3 cm long, and compact. Later on, the central axis elongates rendering inflorescence lax. The compact inflorescence may appear secund on herbarium sheets because of pressed opposite-decussate broad bracts.	en	Bongcheewin, B., Chantaranothai, P., Paton, A. (2015): Elsholtzia (Lamiaceae) in Thailand. Blumea 59 (3): 209-214, DOI: 10.3767/000651915X688696, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651915x688696
814A879FFFD51911FCE2FCC5FC36F955.taxon	distribution	Distribution — China, Thailand (N: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; possibly introduced), Vietnam. Ecology — Cultivated in medicinal gardens, disturbed areas around habitation, 800 – 1100 m altitude. Flowering and fruiting: October to January. Specimens examined. Jatupol 07 ­ 033; Maxwell 88 ­ 1255; S. P. et al. 49; Umpai 564. Note — Elsholtzia penduliflora is likely to be cultivated because most collections collected are from areas around dwellings and medicinal gardens. We have not observed this species in natural habitats.	en	Bongcheewin, B., Chantaranothai, P., Paton, A. (2015): Elsholtzia (Lamiaceae) in Thailand. Blumea 59 (3): 209-214, DOI: 10.3767/000651915X688696, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651915x688696
814A879FFFD51917FCE2F8CEFE5AFD75.taxon	description	Dysophylla mairei H. Lév. (1912) 236. — Type: Maire s. n. (holotype E; isotype E), China, Yunnan, Tong-Tchouan, 2500 m, Sept. 1911. Annual herb up to 15 cm tall. Stems erect, pilose. Leaves ovate or ovate-elliptic, 1 – 3 by 0.8 – 1.5 cm, base cuneate, margin serrate; upper surface pubescent; lower surface pubescent with translucent dots; petioles 7 – 8 mm long. Inflorescence terminal and axillary, compact, adjacent verticils overlapping, cylindrical, 1 – 2 cm long; bracts narrowly elliptic, 2 – 4 mm long, margin ciliate; bracteoles linear. Calyx infundibular-tubular, 2 – 4 mm long at anthesis; tube slightly ventricose, 1 – 2 mm long, pilose on throat outside, glabrous inside; lobes equal, triangular. Corolla tubular, 2 – 3 mm long; tube 1.8 mm long, pubescent outside, glabrous inside; lobes pilose outside, glabrous inside; median lobe with emarginate apex; lower lip broadly elliptic, 0.6 mm long. Stamens 4, slightly exserted, glabrous. Style slightly exserted. Nutlets 4, oblong-ovate, 0.75 mm long. Distribution — India, Nepal, China, Thailand (N: Chiang Mai), Vietnam. Ecology — Hill evergreen forest, 1600 – 2000 m altitude. Flowering and fruiting: November. Specimen examined. Kerr 6618.	en	Bongcheewin, B., Chantaranothai, P., Paton, A. (2015): Elsholtzia (Lamiaceae) in Thailand. Blumea 59 (3): 209-214, DOI: 10.3767/000651915X688696, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651915x688696
814A879FFFD31917FFADFCD3FF1EF879.taxon	description	Elsholtzia incisa (Benth.) Benth. (1833) 162; Hook. f. (1885) 644; Mukerjee (1940) 89. Perennial herb up to 1 m tall. Stems erect, yellow-brown, much branched, puberulent with densely pale yellow hairs curving downwards, glabrescent at base. Leaves rhomboid-ovate, 1.5 – 4 by 1 – 3 cm, base attenuate, margin deeply serrate; upper surface glabrous with short pale yellow recurved hairs on venation; lower surface glabrous with densely translucent dots and recurved hairs on venation; petioles 30 – 50 mm long. Inflorescence terminal and axillary, lax, verticils from adjacent nodes not overlapping, c. 3 mm apart, cylindrical, 4 – 10 cm long; bracts linear, 1 – 2 by 0.1 – 0.2 mm; bracteoles linear. Calyx campanulate, 1 – 1.5 mm long at anthesis; tube slightly ventricose, 0.5 – 1 mm long, densely whitish pubescent with translucent dots outside, glabrescent inside; lobes subequal, triangular-subulate, 0.7 – 1 mm long. Corolla white or lilac, campanulate, 1.5 – 2 mm long; tube 1 – 1.2 mm long, sparsely hispidulous outside, glabrous without an annulus inside; lobes hispid outside, glabrescent inside; median lobe slightly emarginate; lower lip emarginate. Stamens 2, slightly exserted, glabrous. Style included. Nutlets 4, oblong-ovate, 0.8 mm long. Distribution — India, Nepal, China, Myanmar, Thailand (N: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai; SW: Prachuap Khiri Khan; possibly introduced). Vernacular name — Phak haan. Ecology — Cultivated in home gardens, disturbed areas or open slopes in hill evergreen forest, 1000 – 1800 m altitude. Flowering and fruiting: November to February. Specimens examined. Bongcheewin 939; Neamsuvan 87; Paisooksantivatana 2578 ­ 89; Sadakorn 364; Suddee et al. 2123; Tanaka et al. HN 8381; Thaithong 1157. Note — All types of Link were at B and were largely destroyed. No material is present in B-W. Neotypification may be necessary.	en	Bongcheewin, B., Chantaranothai, P., Paton, A. (2015): Elsholtzia (Lamiaceae) in Thailand. Blumea 59 (3): 209-214, DOI: 10.3767/000651915X688696, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651915x688696
814A879FFFD31917FCE2FF71FA9EF9F3.taxon	distribution	Distribution — China, Myanmar, Thailand (N: Chiang Rai, Chiang Mai, Nan, Uttaradit), Vietnam. Ecology — Open places in hill evergreen, deciduous, pine or dipterocarp forests, 600 – 2000 m altitude. Flowering and fruiting: October to March. Specimens examined. Bongcheewin 234, 480, 595, 934; Chayamarit et al. 2360, 3251; Chermsirivathana 317, 749; Chueachom 497; Hansen et al. 10789; Jatupol 08 ­ 456; Kerr 1607, 1607 B; Koyama & Phengklai T­ 40034; Koyama et al. T­ 31975, T­ 32237, T­ 32279, T­ 32281; Maxwell 97 ­ 1492, 98 ­ 1426, 04 ­ 777; Nanakorn et al. 10302; Paisooksantivatana 590 ­ 81; Phengklai et al. 6271; Ploenchit 971; Sadakorn 636; Sangkhachand 126; Sankamethawee 381; Santisuk 6648; Smitinand & Alsterlund 6729; Smitinand et al. 10282; SØrensen et al. 1297, 2746; S. P. 45; Suddee et al. 2910; Tagawa & Yamada T­ 79. Note — Elsholtzia winitiana is morphologically similar to E. pubescens Benth., by having a compact inflorescence, membranaceous leaf texture and shrubby habit. However, E. winitiana has a smaller corolla, 1.5 – 2 mm long and is found from China and Indo-China, whereas E. pubescens has a larger corolla, c. 4 mm long and found in Java, Lesser Sunda Island and SW Sulawesi (Govaerts et al. 2015). Some materials from Java have been incorrectly identified as E. winitiana.	en	Bongcheewin, B., Chantaranothai, P., Paton, A. (2015): Elsholtzia (Lamiaceae) in Thailand. Blumea 59 (3): 209-214, DOI: 10.3767/000651915X688696, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651915x688696
