taxonID	type	description	language	source
444E414F87A25C0BACB03BA9F379AF08.taxon	description	Fig. 3 A	en	Salvador, Rodrigo Brincalepe, d'Udekem d'Acoz, Cedric, Vinarski, Maxim V., Samyn, Yves, Tomotani, Barbara Mizumo (2025): François Roffiaen's terrestrial and freshwater gastropod types in the collection of the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences. ZooKeys 1239: 103-121, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1239.150840
444E414F87A25C0BACB03BA9F379AF08.taxon	discussion	Discussion. According to the specimens’ labels, they were collected at the type locality Andeer and stem from the collection of Hugo de Cort. Furthermore, one of the labels states “ types ”, but there is no mention of Roffiaen or his collection. Thus, the present specimens are here considered as possible syntypes. Laciniaria plicata plicata is widely distributed in Central Europe, including Switzerland (Turner et al. 1998; Nordsieck 2008). The elongated spire of Roffiaen’s variety is well within the known variation in shell shape and size known in L. p. plicata (Nordsieck 2008).	en	Salvador, Rodrigo Brincalepe, d'Udekem d'Acoz, Cedric, Vinarski, Maxim V., Samyn, Yves, Tomotani, Barbara Mizumo (2025): François Roffiaen's terrestrial and freshwater gastropod types in the collection of the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences. ZooKeys 1239: 103-121, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1239.150840
2EEF7D401C855896AB5DAC575189742F.taxon	discussion	Discussion. No specimens belonging to this taxon were found. The original description mentioned a single shell, whitish and transparent (hence, “ albinos ”), as belonging to this variety, while commenting that the nominate form is common and very variable (Roffiaen 1868: 76). Thus, this variety based on an albino specimen (or otherwise presenting partial or total loss of pigments) can be considered synonymous with the nominate form. Macrogastra plicatula is widespread in Europe, including many records in the area encompassing Iseltwald representing M. p. plicatula (Turner et al. 1998; Nordsieck 2006).	en	Salvador, Rodrigo Brincalepe, d'Udekem d'Acoz, Cedric, Vinarski, Maxim V., Samyn, Yves, Tomotani, Barbara Mizumo (2025): François Roffiaen's terrestrial and freshwater gastropod types in the collection of the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences. ZooKeys 1239: 103-121, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1239.150840
3FB197936A495DC19DBB8DC6D08CE0FB.taxon	description	Fig. 3 B, Suppl. material 1	en	Salvador, Rodrigo Brincalepe, d'Udekem d'Acoz, Cedric, Vinarski, Maxim V., Samyn, Yves, Tomotani, Barbara Mizumo (2025): François Roffiaen's terrestrial and freshwater gastropod types in the collection of the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences. ZooKeys 1239: 103-121, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1239.150840
3FB197936A495DC19DBB8DC6D08CE0FB.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Lot RBINS I. G. 9154 / MT. 1773 comes from the type locality, belonged to Roffiaen’s collection, and bears the writing “ types ”; its specimens are considered syntypes. Lot RBINS I. G. 9154 / HIST. 2486, however, while coming from the type locality, has no indication to have belonged to Roffiaen’s collection or of being types, though they belonged to de Cort’s collection. Therefore, the later specimens are considered possible syntypes. Clausilia weyersi bears close resemblance to typical specimens of Laciniaria plicata plicata, both regarding shell shape, size and apertural barriers (Nordsieck 2008; see Suppl. material 1 for CT scan snapshots of internal structures of shell). It can thus, be considered a junior synonym of the latter.	en	Salvador, Rodrigo Brincalepe, d'Udekem d'Acoz, Cedric, Vinarski, Maxim V., Samyn, Yves, Tomotani, Barbara Mizumo (2025): François Roffiaen's terrestrial and freshwater gastropod types in the collection of the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences. ZooKeys 1239: 103-121, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1239.150840
3F582E7AF3FC584AB386086C250D300F.taxon	description	Fig. 4 A	en	Salvador, Rodrigo Brincalepe, d'Udekem d'Acoz, Cedric, Vinarski, Maxim V., Samyn, Yves, Tomotani, Barbara Mizumo (2025): François Roffiaen's terrestrial and freshwater gastropod types in the collection of the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences. ZooKeys 1239: 103-121, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1239.150840
3F582E7AF3FC584AB386086C250D300F.taxon	discussion	Discussion. The present specimen stems from the collection of Jules Colbeau, is from one of the localities that constitute the taxon’s type locality as mentioned by Roffiaen (1868) and the label bears the writing “ type ”. Thus, it can be considered a syntype. This variety was described to denote specimens lacking the typical colour pattern of nominate A. arbustorum, consisting instead of entirely pale-yellow shells. Roffiaen also mentioned that such specimens were “ not common but not rare either ” (Roffiaen 1868: 70). This type of colouration is often seen in some members of this species across its range, consistent with natural interspecific phenotypic variation and sometimes is more common at some localities than others (e. g., Grime and Blythe 1969; Parkin 1971; Arter 1990; Cameron and Riley 2008; von Proschwitz et al. 2023). Thus, A. A. icterica is here considered synonymous with A. arbustorum. The variability in shell shape, size and colour of A. arbustorum has led to many forms, varieties, and subspecies to be described in the past centuries, which have almost always been considered junior synonyms (e. g., Taylor 1914).	en	Salvador, Rodrigo Brincalepe, d'Udekem d'Acoz, Cedric, Vinarski, Maxim V., Samyn, Yves, Tomotani, Barbara Mizumo (2025): François Roffiaen's terrestrial and freshwater gastropod types in the collection of the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences. ZooKeys 1239: 103-121, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1239.150840
3FF1EC14161B55779931BC58DDB06A95.taxon	discussion	Discussion. This variety was described to denote specimens lacking the dark spiral bands seen on the shells of typical Arianta arbustorum. As for the case of the yellow shells of the variety icterica above, this is part of the common colour polymorphism known in A. arbustorum (Cook and King 1966; Grime and Blythe 1969; Burla and Stahel 1983; Burla 1984; von Proschwitz et al. 2023). Thus, even without having access to type material, Roffiaen’s (1868) description, along with current knowledge on A. arbustorum, is sufficient to surmise that A. A. marmorata is synonymous with A. arbustorum.	en	Salvador, Rodrigo Brincalepe, d'Udekem d'Acoz, Cedric, Vinarski, Maxim V., Samyn, Yves, Tomotani, Barbara Mizumo (2025): François Roffiaen's terrestrial and freshwater gastropod types in the collection of the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences. ZooKeys 1239: 103-121, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1239.150840
9EBC9B42B9375C5B982EE560972BB696.taxon	description	Fig. 4 B	en	Salvador, Rodrigo Brincalepe, d'Udekem d'Acoz, Cedric, Vinarski, Maxim V., Samyn, Yves, Tomotani, Barbara Mizumo (2025): François Roffiaen's terrestrial and freshwater gastropod types in the collection of the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences. ZooKeys 1239: 103-121, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1239.150840
9EBC9B42B9375C5B982EE560972BB696.taxon	discussion	Discussion. The two available specimen lots were collected at the type locality Andeer and stem from the collection of Hugo de Cort. There is no indication that they came from Roffiaen’s collection, but the specimens are a good conchological match to Roffiaen’s brief description and figures (Roffiaen 1868: pl. 1, fig. 2 a, b). Thus, we interpret the present specimens as possible syntypes. This variety was described to denote specimens with an elongated spire, which gives the shell a more trochoid shape. As mentioned above for shell colouration, intraspecific variation in shell shape (including spire height) is common across members of A. arbustorum (e. g., Germain 1930; Baminger 1997). Thus, Helix arbustorum trochoidalis is here considered synonymous with A. arbustorum.	en	Salvador, Rodrigo Brincalepe, d'Udekem d'Acoz, Cedric, Vinarski, Maxim V., Samyn, Yves, Tomotani, Barbara Mizumo (2025): François Roffiaen's terrestrial and freshwater gastropod types in the collection of the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences. ZooKeys 1239: 103-121, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1239.150840
1B0E640C54CB57CEB3D9E3320CEA699E.taxon	discussion	Discussion. This variety was described to allocate specimens for which the single conchological character noted by Roffiaen (1868) was the “ pale greenish colour ”. The shell of Discus ruderatus is known to typically to be light brown to reddish brown (Welter-Schultes 2012), though paler yellowish and greenish brown specimens are also common (Kerney et al. 1979; Wiese 2014). Furthermore, the type locality of this variety is within the known distribution of D. ruderatus in Switzerland (Turner et al. 1998), and Roffiaen (1868) himself mentioned “ typical ” D. ruderatus occurring in the same place. Thus, even without access to type material, it can be surmised that Helix ruderata viridana is very likely a junior synonym of D. ruderatus.	en	Salvador, Rodrigo Brincalepe, d'Udekem d'Acoz, Cedric, Vinarski, Maxim V., Samyn, Yves, Tomotani, Barbara Mizumo (2025): François Roffiaen's terrestrial and freshwater gastropod types in the collection of the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences. ZooKeys 1239: 103-121, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1239.150840
0F5EF3EE443154AE9BEED6112F2E0C8B.taxon	description	Fig. 2 A	en	Salvador, Rodrigo Brincalepe, d'Udekem d'Acoz, Cedric, Vinarski, Maxim V., Samyn, Yves, Tomotani, Barbara Mizumo (2025): François Roffiaen's terrestrial and freshwater gastropod types in the collection of the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences. ZooKeys 1239: 103-121, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1239.150840
0F5EF3EE443154AE9BEED6112F2E0C8B.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Lot RBINS I. G. 7065 / MT. 4174 stems from the collection of Jules Colbeau, comes from the type locality (Brunnen), and the specimens are a good match to the published illustration (Roffiaen 1868: pl. 1, fig. 6); thus, the three specimens it contains are here considered syntypes. Lot RBINS I. G. 28242 / HIST. 180 stems from the type locality but bear no other information regarding their former owners. The six specimens match morphologically the syntypes in the previous lot and, thus, are considered here as possible syntypes. Similarly, lot RBINS I. G. 7065 / HIST. 181 has 1 specimen from Colbeau’s collection whose location is given as “ Schwyz ” on the label, together with an indication that this specimen belonged to the study of Roffiaen. While the type locality of the present taxon could be generously interpreted as containing Schwyz, we deem it safer to consider the present specimen as a possible syntype. Though conchologically, this variety corresponds well to a widespread Stagnicola palustris, there is a possibility that Roffiaen’s shells could belong to S. fuscus (C. Pfeiffer, 1821) instead. The latter can only be distinguished with certainty from S. palustris by anatomical and / or genetic investigations (Welter-Schultes 2012; Glöer 2019). The range of S. fuscus covers much of central and western Europe, including Switzerland (Welter-Schultes 2012).	en	Salvador, Rodrigo Brincalepe, d'Udekem d'Acoz, Cedric, Vinarski, Maxim V., Samyn, Yves, Tomotani, Barbara Mizumo (2025): François Roffiaen's terrestrial and freshwater gastropod types in the collection of the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences. ZooKeys 1239: 103-121, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1239.150840
A1C3020837EF5CBD9C708A8B0D4CBB55.taxon	description	Fig. 2 B	en	Salvador, Rodrigo Brincalepe, d'Udekem d'Acoz, Cedric, Vinarski, Maxim V., Samyn, Yves, Tomotani, Barbara Mizumo (2025): François Roffiaen's terrestrial and freshwater gastropod types in the collection of the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences. ZooKeys 1239: 103-121, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1239.150840
A1C3020837EF5CBD9C708A8B0D4CBB55.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Specimen RBINS I. G. 7065 / MT. 4175 stems from the collection of Jules Colbeau, comes from the type locality (Altdorf, spelled “ Altorf ” on the label as in the original publication) and is a good match to the published illustration (Roffiaen 1868: pl. 1, fig. 7). Considering the original description was written using a single individual, the present specimen can thus be considered the holotype. A possibility that the holotype could belong to S. fuscus cannot be rejected (see the discussion of L. palustris var. fallaciosa above).	en	Salvador, Rodrigo Brincalepe, d'Udekem d'Acoz, Cedric, Vinarski, Maxim V., Samyn, Yves, Tomotani, Barbara Mizumo (2025): François Roffiaen's terrestrial and freshwater gastropod types in the collection of the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences. ZooKeys 1239: 103-121, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1239.150840
0B12AA70BC9C54588FF93A760016471D.taxon	description	Fig. 2 C	en	Salvador, Rodrigo Brincalepe, d'Udekem d'Acoz, Cedric, Vinarski, Maxim V., Samyn, Yves, Tomotani, Barbara Mizumo (2025): François Roffiaen's terrestrial and freshwater gastropod types in the collection of the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences. ZooKeys 1239: 103-121, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1239.150840
0B12AA70BC9C54588FF93A760016471D.taxon	discussion	Discussion. The present lot stems from the collection of Jules Colbeau, it comes from the type locality (Altdorf, spelled “ Altorf ” on label as in the original publication), and the specimens are a good match to the published illustration (Roffiaen 1868: pl. 1, fig. 8); the three specimens it contains are here considered syntypes.	en	Salvador, Rodrigo Brincalepe, d'Udekem d'Acoz, Cedric, Vinarski, Maxim V., Samyn, Yves, Tomotani, Barbara Mizumo (2025): François Roffiaen's terrestrial and freshwater gastropod types in the collection of the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences. ZooKeys 1239: 103-121, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1239.150840
D8A904670E075E7495108EE167D09A7C.taxon	discussion	Discussion. There is only one lot (RBINS I. G. 7065 / HIST. 372, containing 7 shells) in the collection identified as Roffiaen’s taxon, collected in the type locality (“ Lac Majeur Magadino ” on the label). There is unfortunately no further collection data for this specimen lot, so it cannot be ascertained whether these shells came from Roffiaen. In any event, while the specimens do represent Lymnaea stagnalis, they are only about half the size of Roffiaen’s illustrated adult specimen (Roffiaen 1868: pl. 1, fig. 5). Consequently, the shell morphology of these specimens does not correspond with Roffiaen’s diagnosis (“ Coguille très-allongée et efilée à dernier tour moins ventru que chez le type ”, i. e., very elongated and tapered shell with body whorl less rounded than in the type; Roffiaen 1868: 78). Thus, these specimens are likely not types of Lymnaea stagnalis productissima. Being collected from a large lake, the shells most probably belong to a “ lacustrine ” morph of L. stagnalis sensu lato, which is characterized by reduced body size and shortened spire (see Geyer 1929; Hubendick 1951).	en	Salvador, Rodrigo Brincalepe, d'Udekem d'Acoz, Cedric, Vinarski, Maxim V., Samyn, Yves, Tomotani, Barbara Mizumo (2025): François Roffiaen's terrestrial and freshwater gastropod types in the collection of the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences. ZooKeys 1239: 103-121, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1239.150840
1B63B09542E951EBABC08905F39D01F5.taxon	discussion	Discussion. No specimens belonging to this taxon were found. The original description mentions a few specimens and describe them as being “ contorted and misshapen ” (“ contourné et difforme ”; Roffiaen 1868: 78) and the accompanying illustrations confirm that description. Likely, these specimens are individuals of Galba truncatula that experienced some problems during growth (e. g., shell breakage and consequent scar and irregular shell growth). A species that has been named Lymnaea (Galba) subangulata in the Russian literature (Kruglov and Starobogatov 1993; Kruglov 2005; Vinarski and Kantor 2016) differs from Roffiaen’s Limnæa truncatula var. subangulata. The shell of the former is not “ contorted and misshapen ” and represents, possibly, an intraspecific morph of G. truncatula characterized by a rounded shell with small spire and somewhat inflated body whorl.	en	Salvador, Rodrigo Brincalepe, d'Udekem d'Acoz, Cedric, Vinarski, Maxim V., Samyn, Yves, Tomotani, Barbara Mizumo (2025): François Roffiaen's terrestrial and freshwater gastropod types in the collection of the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences. ZooKeys 1239: 103-121, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1239.150840
D72C5B6CA24A5B279D70E291162211DA.taxon	description	Fig. 1 A	en	Salvador, Rodrigo Brincalepe, d'Udekem d'Acoz, Cedric, Vinarski, Maxim V., Samyn, Yves, Tomotani, Barbara Mizumo (2025): François Roffiaen's terrestrial and freshwater gastropod types in the collection of the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences. ZooKeys 1239: 103-121, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1239.150840
D72C5B6CA24A5B279D70E291162211DA.taxon	discussion	Discussion. According to the specimen’s label, it stems from the collection of Roffiaen, it is from the type locality and the word “ type ” is written on it in the same handwriting. Considering that the description of Roffiaen (1868) was based on a single shell, the present specimen can be considered the holotype. This taxon was distinguished by Roffiaen (1868) as lacking coloured spiral bands and by the first whorls being purplish. Both colour variations are observed in Viviparus contectus, a species that is known from the region, and the shell shape of the present specimen (Fig. 1 A) is likewise consistent with that species, including the “ hammered ” markings on the teleoconch (Welter-Schultes 2012; Rowson et al. 2021). Nevertheless, one key diagnostic feature of V. contectus, the sharply pointed tip of the spire (Rowson et al. 2021), is not observed in the present specimen. Still, V. contectus is known for conchological variation across its distribution (Welter-Schultes 2012) and, thus, Paludina contecta emiliana is here considered its junior synonym.	en	Salvador, Rodrigo Brincalepe, d'Udekem d'Acoz, Cedric, Vinarski, Maxim V., Samyn, Yves, Tomotani, Barbara Mizumo (2025): François Roffiaen's terrestrial and freshwater gastropod types in the collection of the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences. ZooKeys 1239: 103-121, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1239.150840
5BC24B03AB655322946A4E1501D8C77C.taxon	description	Fig. 1 B	en	Salvador, Rodrigo Brincalepe, d'Udekem d'Acoz, Cedric, Vinarski, Maxim V., Samyn, Yves, Tomotani, Barbara Mizumo (2025): François Roffiaen's terrestrial and freshwater gastropod types in the collection of the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences. ZooKeys 1239: 103-121, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1239.150840
5BC24B03AB655322946A4E1501D8C77C.taxon	discussion	Discussion. According to the label, the specimens stem from the collection of Roffiaen, they are from the type locality (Iseltwalt) and are labelled “ types ”. Thus, they can be considered syntypes. It is also worthwhile to note that the lot first became part of de Cort’s collection before being acquired by the RBINS. Roffiaen’s shells correspond reasonably well to Valvata antiqua Morris, 1838, a morphospecies for which genetic data remains unavailable and, consequently, a variety of opinions on its taxonomic status and rank exists among malacologists. It is sometimes regarded as merely an infraspecific morph of V. piscinalis thought to develop in large lakes, including the Alpine lakes (Falniowski 1989; Piechocki and Wawrzyniak-Wydrowska 2016). Falniowski (1989: 73) considered this morph Valvata piscinalis f. antiqua colbeaui, an endemic to Lake Geneva. Glöer (2002) ranked it as a subspecies of V. piscinalis, but this solution is untenable since the ranges of V. piscinalis piscinalis and V. piscinalis antiqua broadly overlap. The latest publications tend to accept V. antiqua as a species, distinct from V. piscinalis (Vinarski and Kantor 2016; Glöer 2019), although a DNA assessment of this insufficiently studied snail is urgently needed. Valvata piscinalis (O. F. Müller, 1774) is a widespread species in Europe, and while it more usually displays a wide shell with an ample body whorl and aperture, more trochoid forms with comparatively smaller apertures are also known (Turner et al. 1998; Glöer 2002, 2019; Vinarski et al. 2013). The present specimens at first seem to fit within the range of conchological variation displayed by that species, though they are smaller at the same number of whorls. The largest specimen available (Fig. 1 B), which is the most similar to the published illustration (Roffiaen 1868: pl. 1, fig. 1), has a more strongly trochoid shell, with narrower and less bulging whorls.	en	Salvador, Rodrigo Brincalepe, d'Udekem d'Acoz, Cedric, Vinarski, Maxim V., Samyn, Yves, Tomotani, Barbara Mizumo (2025): François Roffiaen's terrestrial and freshwater gastropod types in the collection of the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences. ZooKeys 1239: 103-121, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1239.150840
