taxonID	type	format	identifier	references	title	description	created	creator	contributor	publisher	audience	source	license	rightsHolder	datasetID
80735A2DFFB9FF9916D3A43FFBBBAB73.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14810306/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14810306	Figure 1. Phylogenetic tree of Clitellata estimated with Bayesian inference in MrBayes, using a concatenated set of markers, i.e. 12S, 16S, COI, 18S, and 28S. The tree is rooted such that Parvidrilidae and Randiellidae (also Clitellata) appear as lineages outside the rest of the ‘Clitellata’ tree, a position strongly supported by the metagenomic analyses of Erséus et al. (2020). Haplotaxid like taxa are shaded.Support values at branches are posterior probabilities, scale represents expected number of changes/site. Capital letters at the end of the species codes in Haplotaxis indicate countries of origin.BEN: Benin, FR: France, GR: Greece, IT: Italy, JP: Japan, SE: Sweden, US: USA. Inset, photo of live specimen of Haplotaxis spSE in its natural habitat, soil soaked in groundwater, photo: Johan Wingborg, and photo of live specimen of Haplotaxis spBEN6, photo: Patrick Martin.	Figure 1. Phylogenetic tree of Clitellata estimated with Bayesian inference in MrBayes, using a concatenated set of markers, i.e. 12S, 16S, COI, 18S, and 28S. The tree is rooted such that Parvidrilidae and Randiellidae (also Clitellata) appear as lineages outside the rest of the ‘Clitellata’ tree, a position strongly supported by the metagenomic analyses of Erséus et al. (2020). Haplotaxid like taxa are shaded.Support values at branches are posterior probabilities, scale represents expected number of changes/site. Capital letters at the end of the species codes in Haplotaxis indicate countries of origin.BEN: Benin, FR: France, GR: Greece, IT: Italy, JP: Japan, SE: Sweden, US: USA. Inset, photo of live specimen of Haplotaxis spSE in its natural habitat, soil soaked in groundwater, photo: Johan Wingborg, and photo of live specimen of Haplotaxis spBEN6, photo: Patrick Martin.	2024-12-02	Martin, Patrick;Fend, Steven;Martinsson, Svante;Klinth, Mårten;Torii, Takaaki;Erséus, Christer		Zenodo	biologists	Martin, Patrick;Fend, Steven;Martinsson, Svante;Klinth, Mårten;Torii, Takaaki;Erséus, Christer			
80735A2DFFB9FF9916D3A43FFBBBAB73.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14810312/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14810312	Figure 2. Comparison of anterior ends of haplotaxid-like worms analysed here, schematic figures with emphasis on somatic characters. C, F, and H are from the genetically analysed specimens, the other figures are based on individuals from the same site (and usually same date) as the analysed worms, but better fixed for morphology. A, Haplotaxis spUS2 from Corral Creek, Idaho, USA.Oral cavity of gut is contracted, muscular pharynx extends through two segments.B, Haplotaxis spJP2 from Gudari-numa, Aomori, Japan.Oral cavity of gut is expanded, muscular pharynx is shorter than in the Idaho specimen. C, Haplotaxis spJP1 from Kakida River, Shizuoka, Japan.Timm’s glands are larger than in (A) or (C), muscular pharynx is short.D, Haplotaxoides decipiens from Guadalupe Creek, California, USA.E, Ohtakiana kakidaensis from Kakida River, Shizuoka, Japan. F, Pelodrilus cf. darlingensis from Western Australia. G, Limpluvia setoensis from Asahina River, Shizuoka, Japan. H, undetermined Lumbriculidae, specimen CE32192, from Euchre Creek, Oregon, USA.	Figure 2. Comparison of anterior ends of haplotaxid-like worms analysed here, schematic figures with emphasis on somatic characters. C, F, and H are from the genetically analysed specimens, the other figures are based on individuals from the same site (and usually same date) as the analysed worms, but better fixed for morphology. A, Haplotaxis spUS2 from Corral Creek, Idaho, USA.Oral cavity of gut is contracted, muscular pharynx extends through two segments.B, Haplotaxis spJP2 from Gudari-numa, Aomori, Japan.Oral cavity of gut is expanded, muscular pharynx is shorter than in the Idaho specimen. C, Haplotaxis spJP1 from Kakida River, Shizuoka, Japan.Timm’s glands are larger than in (A) or (C), muscular pharynx is short.D, Haplotaxoides decipiens from Guadalupe Creek, California, USA.E, Ohtakiana kakidaensis from Kakida River, Shizuoka, Japan. F, Pelodrilus cf. darlingensis from Western Australia. G, Limpluvia setoensis from Asahina River, Shizuoka, Japan. H, undetermined Lumbriculidae, specimen CE32192, from Euchre Creek, Oregon, USA.	2024-12-02	Martin, Patrick;Fend, Steven;Martinsson, Svante;Klinth, Mårten;Torii, Takaaki;Erséus, Christer		Zenodo	biologists	Martin, Patrick;Fend, Steven;Martinsson, Svante;Klinth, Mårten;Torii, Takaaki;Erséus, Christer			
80735A2DFFB9FF9916D3A43FFBBBAB73.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14810314/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14810314	Figure3.Haplotaxis species,somaticcharacters.A,Haplotaxis spUS2 fromCorral Creek,Idaho,USA.B,D–H,unidentifiedHaplotaxis sp.(population notanalysed genetically) fromsprings near Brewer,Montana,USA.C, I, Haplotaxis spUS3from Guadalupe Creek,California,USA.J,unidentified Haplotaxis sp.(population not analysedgenetically) from StonyCreek,California,USA.A, anteriorend ofdissected worm,showing extensive musculaturebetween gut and bodywall in I–III,and thick-walledmuscular pharynx in IV–V.B,sagittal section,showingthin-walled oral cavity (right, anterior) and contracted,muscular pharynx (left,posterior).C, wholemounted worm, showingpartially contracted oral cavity and muscular pharynx, and secondary annulationbeginning in V.D,sagittal section ofa contracted muscular pharynx,with central band ofcircularmuscles,surrounded by region with more radial muscles.E, F,sagittal sections ofmiddle and posterior regions showing gut wallwith extensive chloragogen layer.G, sagittal section oftwo middle segments showingextensive nephridia.H, sagittal section,showing Timm’sgland beneath ventral nerve cord.I, smalldorsal and large ventral chaeta (with a partially developedventral chaeta) in mid-bodysegment.J,ventral chaeta frommid-body segment.	Figure3.Haplotaxis species,somaticcharacters.A,Haplotaxis spUS2 fromCorral Creek,Idaho,USA.B,D–H,unidentifiedHaplotaxis sp.(population notanalysed genetically) fromsprings near Brewer,Montana,USA.C, I, Haplotaxis spUS3from Guadalupe Creek,California,USA.J,unidentified Haplotaxis sp.(population not analysedgenetically) from StonyCreek,California,USA.A, anteriorend ofdissected worm,showing extensive musculaturebetween gut and bodywall in I–III,and thick-walledmuscular pharynx in IV–V.B,sagittal section,showingthin-walled oral cavity (right, anterior) and contracted,muscular pharynx (left,posterior).C, wholemounted worm, showingpartially contracted oral cavity and muscular pharynx, and secondary annulationbeginning in V.D,sagittal section ofa contracted muscular pharynx,with central band ofcircularmuscles,surrounded by region with more radial muscles.E, F,sagittal sections ofmiddle and posterior regions showing gut wallwith extensive chloragogen layer.G, sagittal section oftwo middle segments showingextensive nephridia.H, sagittal section,showing Timm’sgland beneath ventral nerve cord.I, smalldorsal and large ventral chaeta (with a partially developedventral chaeta) in mid-bodysegment.J,ventral chaeta frommid-body segment.	2024-12-02	Martin, Patrick;Fend, Steven;Martinsson, Svante;Klinth, Mårten;Torii, Takaaki;Erséus, Christer		Zenodo	biologists	Martin, Patrick;Fend, Steven;Martinsson, Svante;Klinth, Mårten;Torii, Takaaki;Erséus, Christer			
80735A2DFFB9FF92155BA2C7FDE7AAD6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14810314/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14810314	Figure3.Haplotaxis species,somaticcharacters.A,Haplotaxis spUS2 fromCorral Creek,Idaho,USA.B,D–H,unidentifiedHaplotaxis sp.(population notanalysed genetically) fromsprings near Brewer,Montana,USA.C, I, Haplotaxis spUS3from Guadalupe Creek,California,USA.J,unidentified Haplotaxis sp.(population not analysedgenetically) from StonyCreek,California,USA.A, anteriorend ofdissected worm,showing extensive musculaturebetween gut and bodywall in I–III,and thick-walledmuscular pharynx in IV–V.B,sagittal section,showingthin-walled oral cavity (right, anterior) and contracted,muscular pharynx (left,posterior).C, wholemounted worm, showingpartially contracted oral cavity and muscular pharynx, and secondary annulationbeginning in V.D,sagittal section ofa contracted muscular pharynx,with central band ofcircularmuscles,surrounded by region with more radial muscles.E, F,sagittal sections ofmiddle and posterior regions showing gut wallwith extensive chloragogen layer.G, sagittal section oftwo middle segments showingextensive nephridia.H, sagittal section,showing Timm’sgland beneath ventral nerve cord.I, smalldorsal and large ventral chaeta (with a partially developedventral chaeta) in mid-bodysegment.J,ventral chaeta frommid-body segment.	Figure3.Haplotaxis species,somaticcharacters.A,Haplotaxis spUS2 fromCorral Creek,Idaho,USA.B,D–H,unidentifiedHaplotaxis sp.(population notanalysed genetically) fromsprings near Brewer,Montana,USA.C, I, Haplotaxis spUS3from Guadalupe Creek,California,USA.J,unidentified Haplotaxis sp.(population not analysedgenetically) from StonyCreek,California,USA.A, anteriorend ofdissected worm,showing extensive musculaturebetween gut and bodywall in I–III,and thick-walledmuscular pharynx in IV–V.B,sagittal section,showingthin-walled oral cavity (right, anterior) and contracted,muscular pharynx (left,posterior).C, wholemounted worm, showingpartially contracted oral cavity and muscular pharynx, and secondary annulationbeginning in V.D,sagittal section ofa contracted muscular pharynx,with central band ofcircularmuscles,surrounded by region with more radial muscles.E, F,sagittal sections ofmiddle and posterior regions showing gut wallwith extensive chloragogen layer.G, sagittal section oftwo middle segments showingextensive nephridia.H, sagittal section,showing Timm’sgland beneath ventral nerve cord.I, smalldorsal and large ventral chaeta (with a partially developedventral chaeta) in mid-bodysegment.J,ventral chaeta frommid-body segment.	2024-12-02	Martin, Patrick;Fend, Steven;Martinsson, Svante;Klinth, Mårten;Torii, Takaaki;Erséus, Christer		Zenodo	biologists	Martin, Patrick;Fend, Steven;Martinsson, Svante;Klinth, Mårten;Torii, Takaaki;Erséus, Christer			
80735A2DFFB9FF92155BA2C7FDE7AAD6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14810312/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14810312	Figure 2. Comparison of anterior ends of haplotaxid-like worms analysed here, schematic figures with emphasis on somatic characters. C, F, and H are from the genetically analysed specimens, the other figures are based on individuals from the same site (and usually same date) as the analysed worms, but better fixed for morphology. A, Haplotaxis spUS2 from Corral Creek, Idaho, USA.Oral cavity of gut is contracted, muscular pharynx extends through two segments.B, Haplotaxis spJP2 from Gudari-numa, Aomori, Japan.Oral cavity of gut is expanded, muscular pharynx is shorter than in the Idaho specimen. C, Haplotaxis spJP1 from Kakida River, Shizuoka, Japan.Timm’s glands are larger than in (A) or (C), muscular pharynx is short.D, Haplotaxoides decipiens from Guadalupe Creek, California, USA.E, Ohtakiana kakidaensis from Kakida River, Shizuoka, Japan. F, Pelodrilus cf. darlingensis from Western Australia. G, Limpluvia setoensis from Asahina River, Shizuoka, Japan. H, undetermined Lumbriculidae, specimen CE32192, from Euchre Creek, Oregon, USA.	Figure 2. Comparison of anterior ends of haplotaxid-like worms analysed here, schematic figures with emphasis on somatic characters. C, F, and H are from the genetically analysed specimens, the other figures are based on individuals from the same site (and usually same date) as the analysed worms, but better fixed for morphology. A, Haplotaxis spUS2 from Corral Creek, Idaho, USA.Oral cavity of gut is contracted, muscular pharynx extends through two segments.B, Haplotaxis spJP2 from Gudari-numa, Aomori, Japan.Oral cavity of gut is expanded, muscular pharynx is shorter than in the Idaho specimen. C, Haplotaxis spJP1 from Kakida River, Shizuoka, Japan.Timm’s glands are larger than in (A) or (C), muscular pharynx is short.D, Haplotaxoides decipiens from Guadalupe Creek, California, USA.E, Ohtakiana kakidaensis from Kakida River, Shizuoka, Japan. F, Pelodrilus cf. darlingensis from Western Australia. G, Limpluvia setoensis from Asahina River, Shizuoka, Japan. H, undetermined Lumbriculidae, specimen CE32192, from Euchre Creek, Oregon, USA.	2024-12-02	Martin, Patrick;Fend, Steven;Martinsson, Svante;Klinth, Mårten;Torii, Takaaki;Erséus, Christer		Zenodo	biologists	Martin, Patrick;Fend, Steven;Martinsson, Svante;Klinth, Mårten;Torii, Takaaki;Erséus, Christer			
80735A2DFFB2FF931699A276FB6CA9EB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14810306/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14810306	Figure 1. Phylogenetic tree of Clitellata estimated with Bayesian inference in MrBayes, using a concatenated set of markers, i.e. 12S, 16S, COI, 18S, and 28S. The tree is rooted such that Parvidrilidae and Randiellidae (also Clitellata) appear as lineages outside the rest of the ‘Clitellata’ tree, a position strongly supported by the metagenomic analyses of Erséus et al. (2020). Haplotaxid like taxa are shaded.Support values at branches are posterior probabilities, scale represents expected number of changes/site. Capital letters at the end of the species codes in Haplotaxis indicate countries of origin.BEN: Benin, FR: France, GR: Greece, IT: Italy, JP: Japan, SE: Sweden, US: USA. Inset, photo of live specimen of Haplotaxis spSE in its natural habitat, soil soaked in groundwater, photo: Johan Wingborg, and photo of live specimen of Haplotaxis spBEN6, photo: Patrick Martin.	Figure 1. Phylogenetic tree of Clitellata estimated with Bayesian inference in MrBayes, using a concatenated set of markers, i.e. 12S, 16S, COI, 18S, and 28S. The tree is rooted such that Parvidrilidae and Randiellidae (also Clitellata) appear as lineages outside the rest of the ‘Clitellata’ tree, a position strongly supported by the metagenomic analyses of Erséus et al. (2020). Haplotaxid like taxa are shaded.Support values at branches are posterior probabilities, scale represents expected number of changes/site. Capital letters at the end of the species codes in Haplotaxis indicate countries of origin.BEN: Benin, FR: France, GR: Greece, IT: Italy, JP: Japan, SE: Sweden, US: USA. Inset, photo of live specimen of Haplotaxis spSE in its natural habitat, soil soaked in groundwater, photo: Johan Wingborg, and photo of live specimen of Haplotaxis spBEN6, photo: Patrick Martin.	2024-12-02	Martin, Patrick;Fend, Steven;Martinsson, Svante;Klinth, Mårten;Torii, Takaaki;Erséus, Christer		Zenodo	biologists	Martin, Patrick;Fend, Steven;Martinsson, Svante;Klinth, Mårten;Torii, Takaaki;Erséus, Christer			
80735A2DFFB2FF931699A276FB6CA9EB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14810314/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14810314	Figure3.Haplotaxis species,somaticcharacters.A,Haplotaxis spUS2 fromCorral Creek,Idaho,USA.B,D–H,unidentifiedHaplotaxis sp.(population notanalysed genetically) fromsprings near Brewer,Montana,USA.C, I, Haplotaxis spUS3from Guadalupe Creek,California,USA.J,unidentified Haplotaxis sp.(population not analysedgenetically) from StonyCreek,California,USA.A, anteriorend ofdissected worm,showing extensive musculaturebetween gut and bodywall in I–III,and thick-walledmuscular pharynx in IV–V.B,sagittal section,showingthin-walled oral cavity (right, anterior) and contracted,muscular pharynx (left,posterior).C, wholemounted worm, showingpartially contracted oral cavity and muscular pharynx, and secondary annulationbeginning in V.D,sagittal section ofa contracted muscular pharynx,with central band ofcircularmuscles,surrounded by region with more radial muscles.E, F,sagittal sections ofmiddle and posterior regions showing gut wallwith extensive chloragogen layer.G, sagittal section oftwo middle segments showingextensive nephridia.H, sagittal section,showing Timm’sgland beneath ventral nerve cord.I, smalldorsal and large ventral chaeta (with a partially developedventral chaeta) in mid-bodysegment.J,ventral chaeta frommid-body segment.	Figure3.Haplotaxis species,somaticcharacters.A,Haplotaxis spUS2 fromCorral Creek,Idaho,USA.B,D–H,unidentifiedHaplotaxis sp.(population notanalysed genetically) fromsprings near Brewer,Montana,USA.C, I, Haplotaxis spUS3from Guadalupe Creek,California,USA.J,unidentified Haplotaxis sp.(population not analysedgenetically) from StonyCreek,California,USA.A, anteriorend ofdissected worm,showing extensive musculaturebetween gut and bodywall in I–III,and thick-walledmuscular pharynx in IV–V.B,sagittal section,showingthin-walled oral cavity (right, anterior) and contracted,muscular pharynx (left,posterior).C, wholemounted worm, showingpartially contracted oral cavity and muscular pharynx, and secondary annulationbeginning in V.D,sagittal section ofa contracted muscular pharynx,with central band ofcircularmuscles,surrounded by region with more radial muscles.E, F,sagittal sections ofmiddle and posterior regions showing gut wallwith extensive chloragogen layer.G, sagittal section oftwo middle segments showingextensive nephridia.H, sagittal section,showing Timm’sgland beneath ventral nerve cord.I, smalldorsal and large ventral chaeta (with a partially developedventral chaeta) in mid-bodysegment.J,ventral chaeta frommid-body segment.	2024-12-02	Martin, Patrick;Fend, Steven;Martinsson, Svante;Klinth, Mårten;Torii, Takaaki;Erséus, Christer		Zenodo	biologists	Martin, Patrick;Fend, Steven;Martinsson, Svante;Klinth, Mårten;Torii, Takaaki;Erséus, Christer			
80735A2DFFB2FF931699A276FB6CA9EB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14810312/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14810312	Figure 2. Comparison of anterior ends of haplotaxid-like worms analysed here, schematic figures with emphasis on somatic characters. C, F, and H are from the genetically analysed specimens, the other figures are based on individuals from the same site (and usually same date) as the analysed worms, but better fixed for morphology. A, Haplotaxis spUS2 from Corral Creek, Idaho, USA.Oral cavity of gut is contracted, muscular pharynx extends through two segments.B, Haplotaxis spJP2 from Gudari-numa, Aomori, Japan.Oral cavity of gut is expanded, muscular pharynx is shorter than in the Idaho specimen. C, Haplotaxis spJP1 from Kakida River, Shizuoka, Japan.Timm’s glands are larger than in (A) or (C), muscular pharynx is short.D, Haplotaxoides decipiens from Guadalupe Creek, California, USA.E, Ohtakiana kakidaensis from Kakida River, Shizuoka, Japan. F, Pelodrilus cf. darlingensis from Western Australia. G, Limpluvia setoensis from Asahina River, Shizuoka, Japan. H, undetermined Lumbriculidae, specimen CE32192, from Euchre Creek, Oregon, USA.	Figure 2. Comparison of anterior ends of haplotaxid-like worms analysed here, schematic figures with emphasis on somatic characters. C, F, and H are from the genetically analysed specimens, the other figures are based on individuals from the same site (and usually same date) as the analysed worms, but better fixed for morphology. A, Haplotaxis spUS2 from Corral Creek, Idaho, USA.Oral cavity of gut is contracted, muscular pharynx extends through two segments.B, Haplotaxis spJP2 from Gudari-numa, Aomori, Japan.Oral cavity of gut is expanded, muscular pharynx is shorter than in the Idaho specimen. C, Haplotaxis spJP1 from Kakida River, Shizuoka, Japan.Timm’s glands are larger than in (A) or (C), muscular pharynx is short.D, Haplotaxoides decipiens from Guadalupe Creek, California, USA.E, Ohtakiana kakidaensis from Kakida River, Shizuoka, Japan. F, Pelodrilus cf. darlingensis from Western Australia. G, Limpluvia setoensis from Asahina River, Shizuoka, Japan. H, undetermined Lumbriculidae, specimen CE32192, from Euchre Creek, Oregon, USA.	2024-12-02	Martin, Patrick;Fend, Steven;Martinsson, Svante;Klinth, Mårten;Torii, Takaaki;Erséus, Christer		Zenodo	biologists	Martin, Patrick;Fend, Steven;Martinsson, Svante;Klinth, Mårten;Torii, Takaaki;Erséus, Christer			
80735A2DFFB3FF931509A36DFB8FACB9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14810306/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14810306	Figure 1. Phylogenetic tree of Clitellata estimated with Bayesian inference in MrBayes, using a concatenated set of markers, i.e. 12S, 16S, COI, 18S, and 28S. The tree is rooted such that Parvidrilidae and Randiellidae (also Clitellata) appear as lineages outside the rest of the ‘Clitellata’ tree, a position strongly supported by the metagenomic analyses of Erséus et al. (2020). Haplotaxid like taxa are shaded.Support values at branches are posterior probabilities, scale represents expected number of changes/site. Capital letters at the end of the species codes in Haplotaxis indicate countries of origin.BEN: Benin, FR: France, GR: Greece, IT: Italy, JP: Japan, SE: Sweden, US: USA. Inset, photo of live specimen of Haplotaxis spSE in its natural habitat, soil soaked in groundwater, photo: Johan Wingborg, and photo of live specimen of Haplotaxis spBEN6, photo: Patrick Martin.	Figure 1. Phylogenetic tree of Clitellata estimated with Bayesian inference in MrBayes, using a concatenated set of markers, i.e. 12S, 16S, COI, 18S, and 28S. The tree is rooted such that Parvidrilidae and Randiellidae (also Clitellata) appear as lineages outside the rest of the ‘Clitellata’ tree, a position strongly supported by the metagenomic analyses of Erséus et al. (2020). Haplotaxid like taxa are shaded.Support values at branches are posterior probabilities, scale represents expected number of changes/site. Capital letters at the end of the species codes in Haplotaxis indicate countries of origin.BEN: Benin, FR: France, GR: Greece, IT: Italy, JP: Japan, SE: Sweden, US: USA. Inset, photo of live specimen of Haplotaxis spSE in its natural habitat, soil soaked in groundwater, photo: Johan Wingborg, and photo of live specimen of Haplotaxis spBEN6, photo: Patrick Martin.	2024-12-02	Martin, Patrick;Fend, Steven;Martinsson, Svante;Klinth, Mårten;Torii, Takaaki;Erséus, Christer		Zenodo	biologists	Martin, Patrick;Fend, Steven;Martinsson, Svante;Klinth, Mårten;Torii, Takaaki;Erséus, Christer			
80735A2DFFB0FF8E1680A569FBF1ACFB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14810312/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14810312	Figure 2. Comparison of anterior ends of haplotaxid-like worms analysed here, schematic figures with emphasis on somatic characters. C, F, and H are from the genetically analysed specimens, the other figures are based on individuals from the same site (and usually same date) as the analysed worms, but better fixed for morphology. A, Haplotaxis spUS2 from Corral Creek, Idaho, USA.Oral cavity of gut is contracted, muscular pharynx extends through two segments.B, Haplotaxis spJP2 from Gudari-numa, Aomori, Japan.Oral cavity of gut is expanded, muscular pharynx is shorter than in the Idaho specimen. C, Haplotaxis spJP1 from Kakida River, Shizuoka, Japan.Timm’s glands are larger than in (A) or (C), muscular pharynx is short.D, Haplotaxoides decipiens from Guadalupe Creek, California, USA.E, Ohtakiana kakidaensis from Kakida River, Shizuoka, Japan. F, Pelodrilus cf. darlingensis from Western Australia. G, Limpluvia setoensis from Asahina River, Shizuoka, Japan. H, undetermined Lumbriculidae, specimen CE32192, from Euchre Creek, Oregon, USA.	Figure 2. Comparison of anterior ends of haplotaxid-like worms analysed here, schematic figures with emphasis on somatic characters. C, F, and H are from the genetically analysed specimens, the other figures are based on individuals from the same site (and usually same date) as the analysed worms, but better fixed for morphology. A, Haplotaxis spUS2 from Corral Creek, Idaho, USA.Oral cavity of gut is contracted, muscular pharynx extends through two segments.B, Haplotaxis spJP2 from Gudari-numa, Aomori, Japan.Oral cavity of gut is expanded, muscular pharynx is shorter than in the Idaho specimen. C, Haplotaxis spJP1 from Kakida River, Shizuoka, Japan.Timm’s glands are larger than in (A) or (C), muscular pharynx is short.D, Haplotaxoides decipiens from Guadalupe Creek, California, USA.E, Ohtakiana kakidaensis from Kakida River, Shizuoka, Japan. F, Pelodrilus cf. darlingensis from Western Australia. G, Limpluvia setoensis from Asahina River, Shizuoka, Japan. H, undetermined Lumbriculidae, specimen CE32192, from Euchre Creek, Oregon, USA.	2024-12-02	Martin, Patrick;Fend, Steven;Martinsson, Svante;Klinth, Mårten;Torii, Takaaki;Erséus, Christer		Zenodo	biologists	Martin, Patrick;Fend, Steven;Martinsson, Svante;Klinth, Mårten;Torii, Takaaki;Erséus, Christer			
80735A2DFFB0FF8E1680A569FBF1ACFB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14810318/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14810318	Figure 4. Haplotaxoides spp. from various sites. A, chaetae, Haplotaxoides decipiens from Guadalupe Creek, California, USA (non-type specimen): from left to right, dorsal and ventral chaetae in X, a mid-body segment, and a posterior segment. B, chaetae, Haplotaxoides spA from Smith River, California (specimen CE32193):dorsal and ventral chaetae from XX, and from a posterior segment (the ventral chaeta with a partially formed replacement). C–D, chaetae, Haplotaxoides tehama from Sacramento River, California:(C) from left, dorsal and ventral chaetae from segments XX and C (large, immature non-type worm); (D) dorsal and ventral chaetae from XXV, from a posterior segment, and genital chaetae from XIV and XVI (paratype). E, chaetae, Haplotaxoides spC from the Metolius River, Oregon, USA (not genetically analysed): dorsal and ventral chaetae from a mid-body segment and a posterior segment (ventrals have developing replacements). F, possible spermathecae in VI–VII, a partially mature Haplotaxoides decipiens from Los Gatos Creek, California (paratype). G, midventral glands and ventral nerve cord in VII–VIII, an immature Haplotaxoides decipiens from Guadalupe Creek (non-type). H, nephridium in XLIV, Haplotaxoides decipiens from Los Gatos Creek. I–K, Haplotaxoides tehama, from Sacramento River (paratype): (I) anterior end; (J) reproductive segments (XI–XVIII), ventrolateral view, ventral glands and chaeta greatly enlarged in XVI; (K) a lateral view of XIII.L, reproductive segments (XII– XVI) from a nearly mature Haplotaxoides tehama, Sacramento River (paratype), ventral view, ovaries and female funnels obscured by gut contents, ventral glands enlarged in XVI.	Figure 4. Haplotaxoides spp. from various sites. A, chaetae, Haplotaxoides decipiens from Guadalupe Creek, California, USA (non-type specimen): from left to right, dorsal and ventral chaetae in X, a mid-body segment, and a posterior segment. B, chaetae, Haplotaxoides spA from Smith River, California (specimen CE32193):dorsal and ventral chaetae from XX, and from a posterior segment (the ventral chaeta with a partially formed replacement). C–D, chaetae, Haplotaxoides tehama from Sacramento River, California:(C) from left, dorsal and ventral chaetae from segments XX and C (large, immature non-type worm); (D) dorsal and ventral chaetae from XXV, from a posterior segment, and genital chaetae from XIV and XVI (paratype). E, chaetae, Haplotaxoides spC from the Metolius River, Oregon, USA (not genetically analysed): dorsal and ventral chaetae from a mid-body segment and a posterior segment (ventrals have developing replacements). F, possible spermathecae in VI–VII, a partially mature Haplotaxoides decipiens from Los Gatos Creek, California (paratype). G, midventral glands and ventral nerve cord in VII–VIII, an immature Haplotaxoides decipiens from Guadalupe Creek (non-type). H, nephridium in XLIV, Haplotaxoides decipiens from Los Gatos Creek. I–K, Haplotaxoides tehama, from Sacramento River (paratype): (I) anterior end; (J) reproductive segments (XI–XVIII), ventrolateral view, ventral glands and chaeta greatly enlarged in XVI; (K) a lateral view of XIII.L, reproductive segments (XII– XVI) from a nearly mature Haplotaxoides tehama, Sacramento River (paratype), ventral view, ovaries and female funnels obscured by gut contents, ventral glands enlarged in XVI.	2024-12-02	Martin, Patrick;Fend, Steven;Martinsson, Svante;Klinth, Mårten;Torii, Takaaki;Erséus, Christer		Zenodo	biologists	Martin, Patrick;Fend, Steven;Martinsson, Svante;Klinth, Mårten;Torii, Takaaki;Erséus, Christer			
80735A2DFFB0FF8E1680A569FBF1ACFB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14810322/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14810322	Figure 5.Haplotaxoides decipiens from Los Gatos (A, H, L) and Guadalupe (B–G, I–K,M–O) creeks.A, a whole,slide-mounted Haplotaxoides decipiens (non-type worm) showingelongate habitus.B,head andpharynx of whole mounted worm (paratype).C–D, sagittal section showinghead and pharynx,and (D) shows detail of thickenedcircular musculature (non-type).E, pharyngeal musculature,from a whole mount (paratype); circular musclevisible in cross section,between the radial muscle strands in upper right.F,ventral chaeta,a whole mounted worm(non-type).G, sagittal section showing nephridial tissue in a posterior segment(non-type).H, ventral chaeta and ventral glands leading to midventral secretory surface;whole mount (ventrolateral view;non-type).I, ventral glands and coelomocytes;whole mounted worm (paratype).J–K, ventral view of whole mounted worm showingmidventral secretory surfaces of ventral glands in twosegments (non-type specimens).L, reproductive segmentsof a partially mature worm stained withhematoxylin,showing spermsacs in XII–XIII andsmall ovary in XV.M,gut in about segment VI,from a sagittal section (non-type).N–O, gut in posterior segments,showing granular tissue;(N) is from a dissection,(O) from a sagittal section (both non-types).	Figure 5.Haplotaxoides decipiens from Los Gatos (A, H, L) and Guadalupe (B–G, I–K,M–O) creeks.A, a whole,slide-mounted Haplotaxoides decipiens (non-type worm) showingelongate habitus.B,head andpharynx of whole mounted worm (paratype).C–D, sagittal section showinghead and pharynx,and (D) shows detail of thickenedcircular musculature (non-type).E, pharyngeal musculature,from a whole mount (paratype); circular musclevisible in cross section,between the radial muscle strands in upper right.F,ventral chaeta,a whole mounted worm(non-type).G, sagittal section showing nephridial tissue in a posterior segment(non-type).H, ventral chaeta and ventral glands leading to midventral secretory surface;whole mount (ventrolateral view;non-type).I, ventral glands and coelomocytes;whole mounted worm (paratype).J–K, ventral view of whole mounted worm showingmidventral secretory surfaces of ventral glands in twosegments (non-type specimens).L, reproductive segmentsof a partially mature worm stained withhematoxylin,showing spermsacs in XII–XIII andsmall ovary in XV.M,gut in about segment VI,from a sagittal section (non-type).N–O, gut in posterior segments,showing granular tissue;(N) is from a dissection,(O) from a sagittal section (both non-types).	2024-12-02	Martin, Patrick;Fend, Steven;Martinsson, Svante;Klinth, Mårten;Torii, Takaaki;Erséus, Christer		Zenodo	biologists	Martin, Patrick;Fend, Steven;Martinsson, Svante;Klinth, Mårten;Torii, Takaaki;Erséus, Christer			
80735A2DFFAEFF8C15C2A44DFBA7ABFC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14810318/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14810318	Figure 4. Haplotaxoides spp. from various sites. A, chaetae, Haplotaxoides decipiens from Guadalupe Creek, California, USA (non-type specimen): from left to right, dorsal and ventral chaetae in X, a mid-body segment, and a posterior segment. B, chaetae, Haplotaxoides spA from Smith River, California (specimen CE32193):dorsal and ventral chaetae from XX, and from a posterior segment (the ventral chaeta with a partially formed replacement). C–D, chaetae, Haplotaxoides tehama from Sacramento River, California:(C) from left, dorsal and ventral chaetae from segments XX and C (large, immature non-type worm); (D) dorsal and ventral chaetae from XXV, from a posterior segment, and genital chaetae from XIV and XVI (paratype). E, chaetae, Haplotaxoides spC from the Metolius River, Oregon, USA (not genetically analysed): dorsal and ventral chaetae from a mid-body segment and a posterior segment (ventrals have developing replacements). F, possible spermathecae in VI–VII, a partially mature Haplotaxoides decipiens from Los Gatos Creek, California (paratype). G, midventral glands and ventral nerve cord in VII–VIII, an immature Haplotaxoides decipiens from Guadalupe Creek (non-type). H, nephridium in XLIV, Haplotaxoides decipiens from Los Gatos Creek. I–K, Haplotaxoides tehama, from Sacramento River (paratype): (I) anterior end; (J) reproductive segments (XI–XVIII), ventrolateral view, ventral glands and chaeta greatly enlarged in XVI; (K) a lateral view of XIII.L, reproductive segments (XII– XVI) from a nearly mature Haplotaxoides tehama, Sacramento River (paratype), ventral view, ovaries and female funnels obscured by gut contents, ventral glands enlarged in XVI.	Figure 4. Haplotaxoides spp. from various sites. A, chaetae, Haplotaxoides decipiens from Guadalupe Creek, California, USA (non-type specimen): from left to right, dorsal and ventral chaetae in X, a mid-body segment, and a posterior segment. B, chaetae, Haplotaxoides spA from Smith River, California (specimen CE32193):dorsal and ventral chaetae from XX, and from a posterior segment (the ventral chaeta with a partially formed replacement). C–D, chaetae, Haplotaxoides tehama from Sacramento River, California:(C) from left, dorsal and ventral chaetae from segments XX and C (large, immature non-type worm); (D) dorsal and ventral chaetae from XXV, from a posterior segment, and genital chaetae from XIV and XVI (paratype). E, chaetae, Haplotaxoides spC from the Metolius River, Oregon, USA (not genetically analysed): dorsal and ventral chaetae from a mid-body segment and a posterior segment (ventrals have developing replacements). F, possible spermathecae in VI–VII, a partially mature Haplotaxoides decipiens from Los Gatos Creek, California (paratype). G, midventral glands and ventral nerve cord in VII–VIII, an immature Haplotaxoides decipiens from Guadalupe Creek (non-type). H, nephridium in XLIV, Haplotaxoides decipiens from Los Gatos Creek. I–K, Haplotaxoides tehama, from Sacramento River (paratype): (I) anterior end; (J) reproductive segments (XI–XVIII), ventrolateral view, ventral glands and chaeta greatly enlarged in XVI; (K) a lateral view of XIII.L, reproductive segments (XII– XVI) from a nearly mature Haplotaxoides tehama, Sacramento River (paratype), ventral view, ovaries and female funnels obscured by gut contents, ventral glands enlarged in XVI.	2024-12-02	Martin, Patrick;Fend, Steven;Martinsson, Svante;Klinth, Mårten;Torii, Takaaki;Erséus, Christer		Zenodo	biologists	Martin, Patrick;Fend, Steven;Martinsson, Svante;Klinth, Mårten;Torii, Takaaki;Erséus, Christer			
80735A2DFFACFF8C1268A548FBC2AEAD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14810318/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14810318	Figure 4. Haplotaxoides spp. from various sites. A, chaetae, Haplotaxoides decipiens from Guadalupe Creek, California, USA (non-type specimen): from left to right, dorsal and ventral chaetae in X, a mid-body segment, and a posterior segment. B, chaetae, Haplotaxoides spA from Smith River, California (specimen CE32193):dorsal and ventral chaetae from XX, and from a posterior segment (the ventral chaeta with a partially formed replacement). C–D, chaetae, Haplotaxoides tehama from Sacramento River, California:(C) from left, dorsal and ventral chaetae from segments XX and C (large, immature non-type worm); (D) dorsal and ventral chaetae from XXV, from a posterior segment, and genital chaetae from XIV and XVI (paratype). E, chaetae, Haplotaxoides spC from the Metolius River, Oregon, USA (not genetically analysed): dorsal and ventral chaetae from a mid-body segment and a posterior segment (ventrals have developing replacements). F, possible spermathecae in VI–VII, a partially mature Haplotaxoides decipiens from Los Gatos Creek, California (paratype). G, midventral glands and ventral nerve cord in VII–VIII, an immature Haplotaxoides decipiens from Guadalupe Creek (non-type). H, nephridium in XLIV, Haplotaxoides decipiens from Los Gatos Creek. I–K, Haplotaxoides tehama, from Sacramento River (paratype): (I) anterior end; (J) reproductive segments (XI–XVIII), ventrolateral view, ventral glands and chaeta greatly enlarged in XVI; (K) a lateral view of XIII.L, reproductive segments (XII– XVI) from a nearly mature Haplotaxoides tehama, Sacramento River (paratype), ventral view, ovaries and female funnels obscured by gut contents, ventral glands enlarged in XVI.	Figure 4. Haplotaxoides spp. from various sites. A, chaetae, Haplotaxoides decipiens from Guadalupe Creek, California, USA (non-type specimen): from left to right, dorsal and ventral chaetae in X, a mid-body segment, and a posterior segment. B, chaetae, Haplotaxoides spA from Smith River, California (specimen CE32193):dorsal and ventral chaetae from XX, and from a posterior segment (the ventral chaeta with a partially formed replacement). C–D, chaetae, Haplotaxoides tehama from Sacramento River, California:(C) from left, dorsal and ventral chaetae from segments XX and C (large, immature non-type worm); (D) dorsal and ventral chaetae from XXV, from a posterior segment, and genital chaetae from XIV and XVI (paratype). E, chaetae, Haplotaxoides spC from the Metolius River, Oregon, USA (not genetically analysed): dorsal and ventral chaetae from a mid-body segment and a posterior segment (ventrals have developing replacements). F, possible spermathecae in VI–VII, a partially mature Haplotaxoides decipiens from Los Gatos Creek, California (paratype). G, midventral glands and ventral nerve cord in VII–VIII, an immature Haplotaxoides decipiens from Guadalupe Creek (non-type). H, nephridium in XLIV, Haplotaxoides decipiens from Los Gatos Creek. I–K, Haplotaxoides tehama, from Sacramento River (paratype): (I) anterior end; (J) reproductive segments (XI–XVIII), ventrolateral view, ventral glands and chaeta greatly enlarged in XVI; (K) a lateral view of XIII.L, reproductive segments (XII– XVI) from a nearly mature Haplotaxoides tehama, Sacramento River (paratype), ventral view, ovaries and female funnels obscured by gut contents, ventral glands enlarged in XVI.	2024-12-02	Martin, Patrick;Fend, Steven;Martinsson, Svante;Klinth, Mårten;Torii, Takaaki;Erséus, Christer		Zenodo	biologists	Martin, Patrick;Fend, Steven;Martinsson, Svante;Klinth, Mårten;Torii, Takaaki;Erséus, Christer			
80735A2DFFADFF8D1721A0B5FA38AA0B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14810318/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14810318	Figure 4. Haplotaxoides spp. from various sites. A, chaetae, Haplotaxoides decipiens from Guadalupe Creek, California, USA (non-type specimen): from left to right, dorsal and ventral chaetae in X, a mid-body segment, and a posterior segment. B, chaetae, Haplotaxoides spA from Smith River, California (specimen CE32193):dorsal and ventral chaetae from XX, and from a posterior segment (the ventral chaeta with a partially formed replacement). C–D, chaetae, Haplotaxoides tehama from Sacramento River, California:(C) from left, dorsal and ventral chaetae from segments XX and C (large, immature non-type worm); (D) dorsal and ventral chaetae from XXV, from a posterior segment, and genital chaetae from XIV and XVI (paratype). E, chaetae, Haplotaxoides spC from the Metolius River, Oregon, USA (not genetically analysed): dorsal and ventral chaetae from a mid-body segment and a posterior segment (ventrals have developing replacements). F, possible spermathecae in VI–VII, a partially mature Haplotaxoides decipiens from Los Gatos Creek, California (paratype). G, midventral glands and ventral nerve cord in VII–VIII, an immature Haplotaxoides decipiens from Guadalupe Creek (non-type). H, nephridium in XLIV, Haplotaxoides decipiens from Los Gatos Creek. I–K, Haplotaxoides tehama, from Sacramento River (paratype): (I) anterior end; (J) reproductive segments (XI–XVIII), ventrolateral view, ventral glands and chaeta greatly enlarged in XVI; (K) a lateral view of XIII.L, reproductive segments (XII– XVI) from a nearly mature Haplotaxoides tehama, Sacramento River (paratype), ventral view, ovaries and female funnels obscured by gut contents, ventral glands enlarged in XVI.	Figure 4. Haplotaxoides spp. from various sites. A, chaetae, Haplotaxoides decipiens from Guadalupe Creek, California, USA (non-type specimen): from left to right, dorsal and ventral chaetae in X, a mid-body segment, and a posterior segment. B, chaetae, Haplotaxoides spA from Smith River, California (specimen CE32193):dorsal and ventral chaetae from XX, and from a posterior segment (the ventral chaeta with a partially formed replacement). C–D, chaetae, Haplotaxoides tehama from Sacramento River, California:(C) from left, dorsal and ventral chaetae from segments XX and C (large, immature non-type worm); (D) dorsal and ventral chaetae from XXV, from a posterior segment, and genital chaetae from XIV and XVI (paratype). E, chaetae, Haplotaxoides spC from the Metolius River, Oregon, USA (not genetically analysed): dorsal and ventral chaetae from a mid-body segment and a posterior segment (ventrals have developing replacements). F, possible spermathecae in VI–VII, a partially mature Haplotaxoides decipiens from Los Gatos Creek, California (paratype). G, midventral glands and ventral nerve cord in VII–VIII, an immature Haplotaxoides decipiens from Guadalupe Creek (non-type). H, nephridium in XLIV, Haplotaxoides decipiens from Los Gatos Creek. I–K, Haplotaxoides tehama, from Sacramento River (paratype): (I) anterior end; (J) reproductive segments (XI–XVIII), ventrolateral view, ventral glands and chaeta greatly enlarged in XVI; (K) a lateral view of XIII.L, reproductive segments (XII– XVI) from a nearly mature Haplotaxoides tehama, Sacramento River (paratype), ventral view, ovaries and female funnels obscured by gut contents, ventral glands enlarged in XVI.	2024-12-02	Martin, Patrick;Fend, Steven;Martinsson, Svante;Klinth, Mårten;Torii, Takaaki;Erséus, Christer		Zenodo	biologists	Martin, Patrick;Fend, Steven;Martinsson, Svante;Klinth, Mårten;Torii, Takaaki;Erséus, Christer			
80735A2DFFADFF8B15FDA376FEBBAB30.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14810312/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14810312	Figure 2. Comparison of anterior ends of haplotaxid-like worms analysed here, schematic figures with emphasis on somatic characters. C, F, and H are from the genetically analysed specimens, the other figures are based on individuals from the same site (and usually same date) as the analysed worms, but better fixed for morphology. A, Haplotaxis spUS2 from Corral Creek, Idaho, USA.Oral cavity of gut is contracted, muscular pharynx extends through two segments.B, Haplotaxis spJP2 from Gudari-numa, Aomori, Japan.Oral cavity of gut is expanded, muscular pharynx is shorter than in the Idaho specimen. C, Haplotaxis spJP1 from Kakida River, Shizuoka, Japan.Timm’s glands are larger than in (A) or (C), muscular pharynx is short.D, Haplotaxoides decipiens from Guadalupe Creek, California, USA.E, Ohtakiana kakidaensis from Kakida River, Shizuoka, Japan. F, Pelodrilus cf. darlingensis from Western Australia. G, Limpluvia setoensis from Asahina River, Shizuoka, Japan. H, undetermined Lumbriculidae, specimen CE32192, from Euchre Creek, Oregon, USA.	Figure 2. Comparison of anterior ends of haplotaxid-like worms analysed here, schematic figures with emphasis on somatic characters. C, F, and H are from the genetically analysed specimens, the other figures are based on individuals from the same site (and usually same date) as the analysed worms, but better fixed for morphology. A, Haplotaxis spUS2 from Corral Creek, Idaho, USA.Oral cavity of gut is contracted, muscular pharynx extends through two segments.B, Haplotaxis spJP2 from Gudari-numa, Aomori, Japan.Oral cavity of gut is expanded, muscular pharynx is shorter than in the Idaho specimen. C, Haplotaxis spJP1 from Kakida River, Shizuoka, Japan.Timm’s glands are larger than in (A) or (C), muscular pharynx is short.D, Haplotaxoides decipiens from Guadalupe Creek, California, USA.E, Ohtakiana kakidaensis from Kakida River, Shizuoka, Japan. F, Pelodrilus cf. darlingensis from Western Australia. G, Limpluvia setoensis from Asahina River, Shizuoka, Japan. H, undetermined Lumbriculidae, specimen CE32192, from Euchre Creek, Oregon, USA.	2024-12-02	Martin, Patrick;Fend, Steven;Martinsson, Svante;Klinth, Mårten;Torii, Takaaki;Erséus, Christer		Zenodo	biologists	Martin, Patrick;Fend, Steven;Martinsson, Svante;Klinth, Mårten;Torii, Takaaki;Erséus, Christer			
80735A2DFFADFF8B15FDA376FEBBAB30.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14810314/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14810314	Figure3.Haplotaxis species,somaticcharacters.A,Haplotaxis spUS2 fromCorral Creek,Idaho,USA.B,D–H,unidentifiedHaplotaxis sp.(population notanalysed genetically) fromsprings near Brewer,Montana,USA.C, I, Haplotaxis spUS3from Guadalupe Creek,California,USA.J,unidentified Haplotaxis sp.(population not analysedgenetically) from StonyCreek,California,USA.A, anteriorend ofdissected worm,showing extensive musculaturebetween gut and bodywall in I–III,and thick-walledmuscular pharynx in IV–V.B,sagittal section,showingthin-walled oral cavity (right, anterior) and contracted,muscular pharynx (left,posterior).C, wholemounted worm, showingpartially contracted oral cavity and muscular pharynx, and secondary annulationbeginning in V.D,sagittal section ofa contracted muscular pharynx,with central band ofcircularmuscles,surrounded by region with more radial muscles.E, F,sagittal sections ofmiddle and posterior regions showing gut wallwith extensive chloragogen layer.G, sagittal section oftwo middle segments showingextensive nephridia.H, sagittal section,showing Timm’sgland beneath ventral nerve cord.I, smalldorsal and large ventral chaeta (with a partially developedventral chaeta) in mid-bodysegment.J,ventral chaeta frommid-body segment.	Figure3.Haplotaxis species,somaticcharacters.A,Haplotaxis spUS2 fromCorral Creek,Idaho,USA.B,D–H,unidentifiedHaplotaxis sp.(population notanalysed genetically) fromsprings near Brewer,Montana,USA.C, I, Haplotaxis spUS3from Guadalupe Creek,California,USA.J,unidentified Haplotaxis sp.(population not analysedgenetically) from StonyCreek,California,USA.A, anteriorend ofdissected worm,showing extensive musculaturebetween gut and bodywall in I–III,and thick-walledmuscular pharynx in IV–V.B,sagittal section,showingthin-walled oral cavity (right, anterior) and contracted,muscular pharynx (left,posterior).C, wholemounted worm, showingpartially contracted oral cavity and muscular pharynx, and secondary annulationbeginning in V.D,sagittal section ofa contracted muscular pharynx,with central band ofcircularmuscles,surrounded by region with more radial muscles.E, F,sagittal sections ofmiddle and posterior regions showing gut wallwith extensive chloragogen layer.G, sagittal section oftwo middle segments showingextensive nephridia.H, sagittal section,showing Timm’sgland beneath ventral nerve cord.I, smalldorsal and large ventral chaeta (with a partially developedventral chaeta) in mid-bodysegment.J,ventral chaeta frommid-body segment.	2024-12-02	Martin, Patrick;Fend, Steven;Martinsson, Svante;Klinth, Mårten;Torii, Takaaki;Erséus, Christer		Zenodo	biologists	Martin, Patrick;Fend, Steven;Martinsson, Svante;Klinth, Mårten;Torii, Takaaki;Erséus, Christer			
80735A2DFFADFF8B15FDA376FEBBAB30.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14810318/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14810318	Figure 4. Haplotaxoides spp. from various sites. A, chaetae, Haplotaxoides decipiens from Guadalupe Creek, California, USA (non-type specimen): from left to right, dorsal and ventral chaetae in X, a mid-body segment, and a posterior segment. B, chaetae, Haplotaxoides spA from Smith River, California (specimen CE32193):dorsal and ventral chaetae from XX, and from a posterior segment (the ventral chaeta with a partially formed replacement). C–D, chaetae, Haplotaxoides tehama from Sacramento River, California:(C) from left, dorsal and ventral chaetae from segments XX and C (large, immature non-type worm); (D) dorsal and ventral chaetae from XXV, from a posterior segment, and genital chaetae from XIV and XVI (paratype). E, chaetae, Haplotaxoides spC from the Metolius River, Oregon, USA (not genetically analysed): dorsal and ventral chaetae from a mid-body segment and a posterior segment (ventrals have developing replacements). F, possible spermathecae in VI–VII, a partially mature Haplotaxoides decipiens from Los Gatos Creek, California (paratype). G, midventral glands and ventral nerve cord in VII–VIII, an immature Haplotaxoides decipiens from Guadalupe Creek (non-type). H, nephridium in XLIV, Haplotaxoides decipiens from Los Gatos Creek. I–K, Haplotaxoides tehama, from Sacramento River (paratype): (I) anterior end; (J) reproductive segments (XI–XVIII), ventrolateral view, ventral glands and chaeta greatly enlarged in XVI; (K) a lateral view of XIII.L, reproductive segments (XII– XVI) from a nearly mature Haplotaxoides tehama, Sacramento River (paratype), ventral view, ovaries and female funnels obscured by gut contents, ventral glands enlarged in XVI.	Figure 4. Haplotaxoides spp. from various sites. A, chaetae, Haplotaxoides decipiens from Guadalupe Creek, California, USA (non-type specimen): from left to right, dorsal and ventral chaetae in X, a mid-body segment, and a posterior segment. B, chaetae, Haplotaxoides spA from Smith River, California (specimen CE32193):dorsal and ventral chaetae from XX, and from a posterior segment (the ventral chaeta with a partially formed replacement). C–D, chaetae, Haplotaxoides tehama from Sacramento River, California:(C) from left, dorsal and ventral chaetae from segments XX and C (large, immature non-type worm); (D) dorsal and ventral chaetae from XXV, from a posterior segment, and genital chaetae from XIV and XVI (paratype). E, chaetae, Haplotaxoides spC from the Metolius River, Oregon, USA (not genetically analysed): dorsal and ventral chaetae from a mid-body segment and a posterior segment (ventrals have developing replacements). F, possible spermathecae in VI–VII, a partially mature Haplotaxoides decipiens from Los Gatos Creek, California (paratype). G, midventral glands and ventral nerve cord in VII–VIII, an immature Haplotaxoides decipiens from Guadalupe Creek (non-type). H, nephridium in XLIV, Haplotaxoides decipiens from Los Gatos Creek. I–K, Haplotaxoides tehama, from Sacramento River (paratype): (I) anterior end; (J) reproductive segments (XI–XVIII), ventrolateral view, ventral glands and chaeta greatly enlarged in XVI; (K) a lateral view of XIII.L, reproductive segments (XII– XVI) from a nearly mature Haplotaxoides tehama, Sacramento River (paratype), ventral view, ovaries and female funnels obscured by gut contents, ventral glands enlarged in XVI.	2024-12-02	Martin, Patrick;Fend, Steven;Martinsson, Svante;Klinth, Mårten;Torii, Takaaki;Erséus, Christer		Zenodo	biologists	Martin, Patrick;Fend, Steven;Martinsson, Svante;Klinth, Mårten;Torii, Takaaki;Erséus, Christer			
80735A2DFFADFF8B15FDA376FEBBAB30.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14810322/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14810322	Figure 5.Haplotaxoides decipiens from Los Gatos (A, H, L) and Guadalupe (B–G, I–K,M–O) creeks.A, a whole,slide-mounted Haplotaxoides decipiens (non-type worm) showingelongate habitus.B,head andpharynx of whole mounted worm (paratype).C–D, sagittal section showinghead and pharynx,and (D) shows detail of thickenedcircular musculature (non-type).E, pharyngeal musculature,from a whole mount (paratype); circular musclevisible in cross section,between the radial muscle strands in upper right.F,ventral chaeta,a whole mounted worm(non-type).G, sagittal section showing nephridial tissue in a posterior segment(non-type).H, ventral chaeta and ventral glands leading to midventral secretory surface;whole mount (ventrolateral view;non-type).I, ventral glands and coelomocytes;whole mounted worm (paratype).J–K, ventral view of whole mounted worm showingmidventral secretory surfaces of ventral glands in twosegments (non-type specimens).L, reproductive segmentsof a partially mature worm stained withhematoxylin,showing spermsacs in XII–XIII andsmall ovary in XV.M,gut in about segment VI,from a sagittal section (non-type).N–O, gut in posterior segments,showing granular tissue;(N) is from a dissection,(O) from a sagittal section (both non-types).	Figure 5.Haplotaxoides decipiens from Los Gatos (A, H, L) and Guadalupe (B–G, I–K,M–O) creeks.A, a whole,slide-mounted Haplotaxoides decipiens (non-type worm) showingelongate habitus.B,head andpharynx of whole mounted worm (paratype).C–D, sagittal section showinghead and pharynx,and (D) shows detail of thickenedcircular musculature (non-type).E, pharyngeal musculature,from a whole mount (paratype); circular musclevisible in cross section,between the radial muscle strands in upper right.F,ventral chaeta,a whole mounted worm(non-type).G, sagittal section showing nephridial tissue in a posterior segment(non-type).H, ventral chaeta and ventral glands leading to midventral secretory surface;whole mount (ventrolateral view;non-type).I, ventral glands and coelomocytes;whole mounted worm (paratype).J–K, ventral view of whole mounted worm showingmidventral secretory surfaces of ventral glands in twosegments (non-type specimens).L, reproductive segmentsof a partially mature worm stained withhematoxylin,showing spermsacs in XII–XIII andsmall ovary in XV.M,gut in about segment VI,from a sagittal section (non-type).N–O, gut in posterior segments,showing granular tissue;(N) is from a dissection,(O) from a sagittal section (both non-types).	2024-12-02	Martin, Patrick;Fend, Steven;Martinsson, Svante;Klinth, Mårten;Torii, Takaaki;Erséus, Christer		Zenodo	biologists	Martin, Patrick;Fend, Steven;Martinsson, Svante;Klinth, Mårten;Torii, Takaaki;Erséus, Christer			
80735A2DFFABFF8B16EEA4E6FA03A96E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14810306/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14810306	Figure 1. Phylogenetic tree of Clitellata estimated with Bayesian inference in MrBayes, using a concatenated set of markers, i.e. 12S, 16S, COI, 18S, and 28S. The tree is rooted such that Parvidrilidae and Randiellidae (also Clitellata) appear as lineages outside the rest of the ‘Clitellata’ tree, a position strongly supported by the metagenomic analyses of Erséus et al. (2020). Haplotaxid like taxa are shaded.Support values at branches are posterior probabilities, scale represents expected number of changes/site. Capital letters at the end of the species codes in Haplotaxis indicate countries of origin.BEN: Benin, FR: France, GR: Greece, IT: Italy, JP: Japan, SE: Sweden, US: USA. Inset, photo of live specimen of Haplotaxis spSE in its natural habitat, soil soaked in groundwater, photo: Johan Wingborg, and photo of live specimen of Haplotaxis spBEN6, photo: Patrick Martin.	Figure 1. Phylogenetic tree of Clitellata estimated with Bayesian inference in MrBayes, using a concatenated set of markers, i.e. 12S, 16S, COI, 18S, and 28S. The tree is rooted such that Parvidrilidae and Randiellidae (also Clitellata) appear as lineages outside the rest of the ‘Clitellata’ tree, a position strongly supported by the metagenomic analyses of Erséus et al. (2020). Haplotaxid like taxa are shaded.Support values at branches are posterior probabilities, scale represents expected number of changes/site. Capital letters at the end of the species codes in Haplotaxis indicate countries of origin.BEN: Benin, FR: France, GR: Greece, IT: Italy, JP: Japan, SE: Sweden, US: USA. Inset, photo of live specimen of Haplotaxis spSE in its natural habitat, soil soaked in groundwater, photo: Johan Wingborg, and photo of live specimen of Haplotaxis spBEN6, photo: Patrick Martin.	2024-12-02	Martin, Patrick;Fend, Steven;Martinsson, Svante;Klinth, Mårten;Torii, Takaaki;Erséus, Christer		Zenodo	biologists	Martin, Patrick;Fend, Steven;Martinsson, Svante;Klinth, Mårten;Torii, Takaaki;Erséus, Christer			
80735A2DFFABFF8B16A0A2C5FE9DAD96.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14810306/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14810306	Figure 1. Phylogenetic tree of Clitellata estimated with Bayesian inference in MrBayes, using a concatenated set of markers, i.e. 12S, 16S, COI, 18S, and 28S. The tree is rooted such that Parvidrilidae and Randiellidae (also Clitellata) appear as lineages outside the rest of the ‘Clitellata’ tree, a position strongly supported by the metagenomic analyses of Erséus et al. (2020). Haplotaxid like taxa are shaded.Support values at branches are posterior probabilities, scale represents expected number of changes/site. Capital letters at the end of the species codes in Haplotaxis indicate countries of origin.BEN: Benin, FR: France, GR: Greece, IT: Italy, JP: Japan, SE: Sweden, US: USA. Inset, photo of live specimen of Haplotaxis spSE in its natural habitat, soil soaked in groundwater, photo: Johan Wingborg, and photo of live specimen of Haplotaxis spBEN6, photo: Patrick Martin.	Figure 1. Phylogenetic tree of Clitellata estimated with Bayesian inference in MrBayes, using a concatenated set of markers, i.e. 12S, 16S, COI, 18S, and 28S. The tree is rooted such that Parvidrilidae and Randiellidae (also Clitellata) appear as lineages outside the rest of the ‘Clitellata’ tree, a position strongly supported by the metagenomic analyses of Erséus et al. (2020). Haplotaxid like taxa are shaded.Support values at branches are posterior probabilities, scale represents expected number of changes/site. Capital letters at the end of the species codes in Haplotaxis indicate countries of origin.BEN: Benin, FR: France, GR: Greece, IT: Italy, JP: Japan, SE: Sweden, US: USA. Inset, photo of live specimen of Haplotaxis spSE in its natural habitat, soil soaked in groundwater, photo: Johan Wingborg, and photo of live specimen of Haplotaxis spBEN6, photo: Patrick Martin.	2024-12-02	Martin, Patrick;Fend, Steven;Martinsson, Svante;Klinth, Mårten;Torii, Takaaki;Erséus, Christer		Zenodo	biologists	Martin, Patrick;Fend, Steven;Martinsson, Svante;Klinth, Mårten;Torii, Takaaki;Erséus, Christer			
80735A2DFFABFF861509A0DEFB79AE01.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14810312/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14810312	Figure 2. Comparison of anterior ends of haplotaxid-like worms analysed here, schematic figures with emphasis on somatic characters. C, F, and H are from the genetically analysed specimens, the other figures are based on individuals from the same site (and usually same date) as the analysed worms, but better fixed for morphology. A, Haplotaxis spUS2 from Corral Creek, Idaho, USA.Oral cavity of gut is contracted, muscular pharynx extends through two segments.B, Haplotaxis spJP2 from Gudari-numa, Aomori, Japan.Oral cavity of gut is expanded, muscular pharynx is shorter than in the Idaho specimen. C, Haplotaxis spJP1 from Kakida River, Shizuoka, Japan.Timm’s glands are larger than in (A) or (C), muscular pharynx is short.D, Haplotaxoides decipiens from Guadalupe Creek, California, USA.E, Ohtakiana kakidaensis from Kakida River, Shizuoka, Japan. F, Pelodrilus cf. darlingensis from Western Australia. G, Limpluvia setoensis from Asahina River, Shizuoka, Japan. H, undetermined Lumbriculidae, specimen CE32192, from Euchre Creek, Oregon, USA.	Figure 2. Comparison of anterior ends of haplotaxid-like worms analysed here, schematic figures with emphasis on somatic characters. C, F, and H are from the genetically analysed specimens, the other figures are based on individuals from the same site (and usually same date) as the analysed worms, but better fixed for morphology. A, Haplotaxis spUS2 from Corral Creek, Idaho, USA.Oral cavity of gut is contracted, muscular pharynx extends through two segments.B, Haplotaxis spJP2 from Gudari-numa, Aomori, Japan.Oral cavity of gut is expanded, muscular pharynx is shorter than in the Idaho specimen. C, Haplotaxis spJP1 from Kakida River, Shizuoka, Japan.Timm’s glands are larger than in (A) or (C), muscular pharynx is short.D, Haplotaxoides decipiens from Guadalupe Creek, California, USA.E, Ohtakiana kakidaensis from Kakida River, Shizuoka, Japan. F, Pelodrilus cf. darlingensis from Western Australia. G, Limpluvia setoensis from Asahina River, Shizuoka, Japan. H, undetermined Lumbriculidae, specimen CE32192, from Euchre Creek, Oregon, USA.	2024-12-02	Martin, Patrick;Fend, Steven;Martinsson, Svante;Klinth, Mårten;Torii, Takaaki;Erséus, Christer		Zenodo	biologists	Martin, Patrick;Fend, Steven;Martinsson, Svante;Klinth, Mårten;Torii, Takaaki;Erséus, Christer			
80735A2DFFABFF861509A0DEFB79AE01.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14810324/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14810324	Figure 6. Ohtakiana kakidaensis from Kakida River, Japan.A, a whole worm, specimen CE30882 (Paratype, NSMT An-1895), showing robust habitus. B, reproductive organs in segments VI–XIV, CE30883 (Holotype, NSMT An-1892). C–F, midventral gland and ventral chaetae, from CE30883 (Holotype); (C) in XII, (D) in XXXVIII, (E) in mid-body (also showing dorsal chaetae), (F) in a tail segment.	Figure 6. Ohtakiana kakidaensis from Kakida River, Japan.A, a whole worm, specimen CE30882 (Paratype, NSMT An-1895), showing robust habitus. B, reproductive organs in segments VI–XIV, CE30883 (Holotype, NSMT An-1892). C–F, midventral gland and ventral chaetae, from CE30883 (Holotype); (C) in XII, (D) in XXXVIII, (E) in mid-body (also showing dorsal chaetae), (F) in a tail segment.	2024-12-02	Martin, Patrick;Fend, Steven;Martinsson, Svante;Klinth, Mårten;Torii, Takaaki;Erséus, Christer		Zenodo	biologists	Martin, Patrick;Fend, Steven;Martinsson, Svante;Klinth, Mårten;Torii, Takaaki;Erséus, Christer			
80735A2DFFABFF861509A0DEFB79AE01.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14810328/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14810328	Figure 7. Ohtakiana kakidaensis from Kakida River, Japan.A, D, E, stained with hematoxylin, others stained with carmine; (H) is from the holotype, CE30883 (NSMT An-1892), the other figures are from two of the non-sequenced paratypes. A, anterior end of unmounted worm. B, head of whole mounted worm, showing prostomium, mouth, brain, blood vessels.C, cleared whole mount, showing pharyngeal glands in IV–V (note the narrow anterior annuli in this region). D–E, middle segments of unmounted worm, facing right (D) ventrolateral view, (E) lateral view (ventral side up), showing secretory surfaces of midventral glands in the posterior annuli of middle segments (note the wide anterior and darkly stained posterior annuli). F–G, paired chaetae in anterior segments, (F) dorsal, (G) ventral. H, epidermis in post-clitellar segment, with anterior (right) and posterior annulus in one segment (dorsal edge above, surface view below). I–J, midventral glands in midbody, from dissected worm. K–L, Nephridia; (K) is lateral view of ducts and funnel; (L) an optical section of conjoined postseptal ducts.	Figure 7. Ohtakiana kakidaensis from Kakida River, Japan.A, D, E, stained with hematoxylin, others stained with carmine; (H) is from the holotype, CE30883 (NSMT An-1892), the other figures are from two of the non-sequenced paratypes. A, anterior end of unmounted worm. B, head of whole mounted worm, showing prostomium, mouth, brain, blood vessels.C, cleared whole mount, showing pharyngeal glands in IV–V (note the narrow anterior annuli in this region). D–E, middle segments of unmounted worm, facing right (D) ventrolateral view, (E) lateral view (ventral side up), showing secretory surfaces of midventral glands in the posterior annuli of middle segments (note the wide anterior and darkly stained posterior annuli). F–G, paired chaetae in anterior segments, (F) dorsal, (G) ventral. H, epidermis in post-clitellar segment, with anterior (right) and posterior annulus in one segment (dorsal edge above, surface view below). I–J, midventral glands in midbody, from dissected worm. K–L, Nephridia; (K) is lateral view of ducts and funnel; (L) an optical section of conjoined postseptal ducts.	2024-12-02	Martin, Patrick;Fend, Steven;Martinsson, Svante;Klinth, Mårten;Torii, Takaaki;Erséus, Christer		Zenodo	biologists	Martin, Patrick;Fend, Steven;Martinsson, Svante;Klinth, Mårten;Torii, Takaaki;Erséus, Christer			
80735A2DFFABFF861509A0DEFB79AE01.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14810306/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14810306	Figure 1. Phylogenetic tree of Clitellata estimated with Bayesian inference in MrBayes, using a concatenated set of markers, i.e. 12S, 16S, COI, 18S, and 28S. The tree is rooted such that Parvidrilidae and Randiellidae (also Clitellata) appear as lineages outside the rest of the ‘Clitellata’ tree, a position strongly supported by the metagenomic analyses of Erséus et al. (2020). Haplotaxid like taxa are shaded.Support values at branches are posterior probabilities, scale represents expected number of changes/site. Capital letters at the end of the species codes in Haplotaxis indicate countries of origin.BEN: Benin, FR: France, GR: Greece, IT: Italy, JP: Japan, SE: Sweden, US: USA. Inset, photo of live specimen of Haplotaxis spSE in its natural habitat, soil soaked in groundwater, photo: Johan Wingborg, and photo of live specimen of Haplotaxis spBEN6, photo: Patrick Martin.	Figure 1. Phylogenetic tree of Clitellata estimated with Bayesian inference in MrBayes, using a concatenated set of markers, i.e. 12S, 16S, COI, 18S, and 28S. The tree is rooted such that Parvidrilidae and Randiellidae (also Clitellata) appear as lineages outside the rest of the ‘Clitellata’ tree, a position strongly supported by the metagenomic analyses of Erséus et al. (2020). Haplotaxid like taxa are shaded.Support values at branches are posterior probabilities, scale represents expected number of changes/site. Capital letters at the end of the species codes in Haplotaxis indicate countries of origin.BEN: Benin, FR: France, GR: Greece, IT: Italy, JP: Japan, SE: Sweden, US: USA. Inset, photo of live specimen of Haplotaxis spSE in its natural habitat, soil soaked in groundwater, photo: Johan Wingborg, and photo of live specimen of Haplotaxis spBEN6, photo: Patrick Martin.	2024-12-02	Martin, Patrick;Fend, Steven;Martinsson, Svante;Klinth, Mårten;Torii, Takaaki;Erséus, Christer		Zenodo	biologists	Martin, Patrick;Fend, Steven;Martinsson, Svante;Klinth, Mårten;Torii, Takaaki;Erséus, Christer			
80735A2DFFA6FF8715EFA734FF7AA9EB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14810306/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14810306	Figure 1. Phylogenetic tree of Clitellata estimated with Bayesian inference in MrBayes, using a concatenated set of markers, i.e. 12S, 16S, COI, 18S, and 28S. The tree is rooted such that Parvidrilidae and Randiellidae (also Clitellata) appear as lineages outside the rest of the ‘Clitellata’ tree, a position strongly supported by the metagenomic analyses of Erséus et al. (2020). Haplotaxid like taxa are shaded.Support values at branches are posterior probabilities, scale represents expected number of changes/site. Capital letters at the end of the species codes in Haplotaxis indicate countries of origin.BEN: Benin, FR: France, GR: Greece, IT: Italy, JP: Japan, SE: Sweden, US: USA. Inset, photo of live specimen of Haplotaxis spSE in its natural habitat, soil soaked in groundwater, photo: Johan Wingborg, and photo of live specimen of Haplotaxis spBEN6, photo: Patrick Martin.	Figure 1. Phylogenetic tree of Clitellata estimated with Bayesian inference in MrBayes, using a concatenated set of markers, i.e. 12S, 16S, COI, 18S, and 28S. The tree is rooted such that Parvidrilidae and Randiellidae (also Clitellata) appear as lineages outside the rest of the ‘Clitellata’ tree, a position strongly supported by the metagenomic analyses of Erséus et al. (2020). Haplotaxid like taxa are shaded.Support values at branches are posterior probabilities, scale represents expected number of changes/site. Capital letters at the end of the species codes in Haplotaxis indicate countries of origin.BEN: Benin, FR: France, GR: Greece, IT: Italy, JP: Japan, SE: Sweden, US: USA. Inset, photo of live specimen of Haplotaxis spSE in its natural habitat, soil soaked in groundwater, photo: Johan Wingborg, and photo of live specimen of Haplotaxis spBEN6, photo: Patrick Martin.	2024-12-02	Martin, Patrick;Fend, Steven;Martinsson, Svante;Klinth, Mårten;Torii, Takaaki;Erséus, Christer		Zenodo	biologists	Martin, Patrick;Fend, Steven;Martinsson, Svante;Klinth, Mårten;Torii, Takaaki;Erséus, Christer			
80735A2DFFA7FF8716D3A35DFD2CAD05.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14810306/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14810306	Figure 1. Phylogenetic tree of Clitellata estimated with Bayesian inference in MrBayes, using a concatenated set of markers, i.e. 12S, 16S, COI, 18S, and 28S. The tree is rooted such that Parvidrilidae and Randiellidae (also Clitellata) appear as lineages outside the rest of the ‘Clitellata’ tree, a position strongly supported by the metagenomic analyses of Erséus et al. (2020). Haplotaxid like taxa are shaded.Support values at branches are posterior probabilities, scale represents expected number of changes/site. Capital letters at the end of the species codes in Haplotaxis indicate countries of origin.BEN: Benin, FR: France, GR: Greece, IT: Italy, JP: Japan, SE: Sweden, US: USA. Inset, photo of live specimen of Haplotaxis spSE in its natural habitat, soil soaked in groundwater, photo: Johan Wingborg, and photo of live specimen of Haplotaxis spBEN6, photo: Patrick Martin.	Figure 1. Phylogenetic tree of Clitellata estimated with Bayesian inference in MrBayes, using a concatenated set of markers, i.e. 12S, 16S, COI, 18S, and 28S. The tree is rooted such that Parvidrilidae and Randiellidae (also Clitellata) appear as lineages outside the rest of the ‘Clitellata’ tree, a position strongly supported by the metagenomic analyses of Erséus et al. (2020). Haplotaxid like taxa are shaded.Support values at branches are posterior probabilities, scale represents expected number of changes/site. Capital letters at the end of the species codes in Haplotaxis indicate countries of origin.BEN: Benin, FR: France, GR: Greece, IT: Italy, JP: Japan, SE: Sweden, US: USA. Inset, photo of live specimen of Haplotaxis spSE in its natural habitat, soil soaked in groundwater, photo: Johan Wingborg, and photo of live specimen of Haplotaxis spBEN6, photo: Patrick Martin.	2024-12-02	Martin, Patrick;Fend, Steven;Martinsson, Svante;Klinth, Mårten;Torii, Takaaki;Erséus, Christer		Zenodo	biologists	Martin, Patrick;Fend, Steven;Martinsson, Svante;Klinth, Mårten;Torii, Takaaki;Erséus, Christer			
80735A2DFFA7FF821606A472FC6EAFCB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14810306/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14810306	Figure 1. Phylogenetic tree of Clitellata estimated with Bayesian inference in MrBayes, using a concatenated set of markers, i.e. 12S, 16S, COI, 18S, and 28S. The tree is rooted such that Parvidrilidae and Randiellidae (also Clitellata) appear as lineages outside the rest of the ‘Clitellata’ tree, a position strongly supported by the metagenomic analyses of Erséus et al. (2020). Haplotaxid like taxa are shaded.Support values at branches are posterior probabilities, scale represents expected number of changes/site. Capital letters at the end of the species codes in Haplotaxis indicate countries of origin.BEN: Benin, FR: France, GR: Greece, IT: Italy, JP: Japan, SE: Sweden, US: USA. Inset, photo of live specimen of Haplotaxis spSE in its natural habitat, soil soaked in groundwater, photo: Johan Wingborg, and photo of live specimen of Haplotaxis spBEN6, photo: Patrick Martin.	Figure 1. Phylogenetic tree of Clitellata estimated with Bayesian inference in MrBayes, using a concatenated set of markers, i.e. 12S, 16S, COI, 18S, and 28S. The tree is rooted such that Parvidrilidae and Randiellidae (also Clitellata) appear as lineages outside the rest of the ‘Clitellata’ tree, a position strongly supported by the metagenomic analyses of Erséus et al. (2020). Haplotaxid like taxa are shaded.Support values at branches are posterior probabilities, scale represents expected number of changes/site. Capital letters at the end of the species codes in Haplotaxis indicate countries of origin.BEN: Benin, FR: France, GR: Greece, IT: Italy, JP: Japan, SE: Sweden, US: USA. Inset, photo of live specimen of Haplotaxis spSE in its natural habitat, soil soaked in groundwater, photo: Johan Wingborg, and photo of live specimen of Haplotaxis spBEN6, photo: Patrick Martin.	2024-12-02	Martin, Patrick;Fend, Steven;Martinsson, Svante;Klinth, Mårten;Torii, Takaaki;Erséus, Christer		Zenodo	biologists	Martin, Patrick;Fend, Steven;Martinsson, Svante;Klinth, Mårten;Torii, Takaaki;Erséus, Christer			
80735A2DFFA7FF821606A472FC6EAFCB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14810312/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14810312	Figure 2. Comparison of anterior ends of haplotaxid-like worms analysed here, schematic figures with emphasis on somatic characters. C, F, and H are from the genetically analysed specimens, the other figures are based on individuals from the same site (and usually same date) as the analysed worms, but better fixed for morphology. A, Haplotaxis spUS2 from Corral Creek, Idaho, USA.Oral cavity of gut is contracted, muscular pharynx extends through two segments.B, Haplotaxis spJP2 from Gudari-numa, Aomori, Japan.Oral cavity of gut is expanded, muscular pharynx is shorter than in the Idaho specimen. C, Haplotaxis spJP1 from Kakida River, Shizuoka, Japan.Timm’s glands are larger than in (A) or (C), muscular pharynx is short.D, Haplotaxoides decipiens from Guadalupe Creek, California, USA.E, Ohtakiana kakidaensis from Kakida River, Shizuoka, Japan. F, Pelodrilus cf. darlingensis from Western Australia. G, Limpluvia setoensis from Asahina River, Shizuoka, Japan. H, undetermined Lumbriculidae, specimen CE32192, from Euchre Creek, Oregon, USA.	Figure 2. Comparison of anterior ends of haplotaxid-like worms analysed here, schematic figures with emphasis on somatic characters. C, F, and H are from the genetically analysed specimens, the other figures are based on individuals from the same site (and usually same date) as the analysed worms, but better fixed for morphology. A, Haplotaxis spUS2 from Corral Creek, Idaho, USA.Oral cavity of gut is contracted, muscular pharynx extends through two segments.B, Haplotaxis spJP2 from Gudari-numa, Aomori, Japan.Oral cavity of gut is expanded, muscular pharynx is shorter than in the Idaho specimen. C, Haplotaxis spJP1 from Kakida River, Shizuoka, Japan.Timm’s glands are larger than in (A) or (C), muscular pharynx is short.D, Haplotaxoides decipiens from Guadalupe Creek, California, USA.E, Ohtakiana kakidaensis from Kakida River, Shizuoka, Japan. F, Pelodrilus cf. darlingensis from Western Australia. G, Limpluvia setoensis from Asahina River, Shizuoka, Japan. H, undetermined Lumbriculidae, specimen CE32192, from Euchre Creek, Oregon, USA.	2024-12-02	Martin, Patrick;Fend, Steven;Martinsson, Svante;Klinth, Mårten;Torii, Takaaki;Erséus, Christer		Zenodo	biologists	Martin, Patrick;Fend, Steven;Martinsson, Svante;Klinth, Mårten;Torii, Takaaki;Erséus, Christer			
80735A2DFFA7FF821606A472FC6EAFCB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14810332/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14810332	Figure 8. Limpluvia setoensis, drawings of worms from Seto River (A, D, E, F, G, I) and Asahina River (B, C, H). F, H, and I are from paratypes; others are from non-types. Alcohol was a poor tissue fixative for this delicate species, and morphological observations were largely based on non-sequenced specimens. A, anterior end, ventral view, showing pharynx and pharyngeal diverticula.B, anterior end, lateral view.C, ventral chaeta pairs, from left to right, segments IX, XIII, XIV.D, ventral chaeta pair in VI. E, nephridium. F, reproductive organs in a mated worm, lateral view.G, reproductive organs in a mated worm, ventrolateral view. H, male pores with associated gland, and anterior male duct, ventral view. I, reproductive organs in a partially mature worm, lateral view. All figures oriented with worm facing right.	Figure 8. Limpluvia setoensis, drawings of worms from Seto River (A, D, E, F, G, I) and Asahina River (B, C, H). F, H, and I are from paratypes; others are from non-types. Alcohol was a poor tissue fixative for this delicate species, and morphological observations were largely based on non-sequenced specimens. A, anterior end, ventral view, showing pharynx and pharyngeal diverticula.B, anterior end, lateral view.C, ventral chaeta pairs, from left to right, segments IX, XIII, XIV.D, ventral chaeta pair in VI. E, nephridium. F, reproductive organs in a mated worm, lateral view.G, reproductive organs in a mated worm, ventrolateral view. H, male pores with associated gland, and anterior male duct, ventral view. I, reproductive organs in a partially mature worm, lateral view. All figures oriented with worm facing right.	2024-12-02	Martin, Patrick;Fend, Steven;Martinsson, Svante;Klinth, Mårten;Torii, Takaaki;Erséus, Christer		Zenodo	biologists	Martin, Patrick;Fend, Steven;Martinsson, Svante;Klinth, Mårten;Torii, Takaaki;Erséus, Christer			
80735A2DFFA7FF821606A472FC6EAFCB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14810339/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14810339	Figure 9. Limpluvia setoensis, photos of worms from Asahina River (A–H) and Seto River (I, J). C, E, F, H, I, and J are paratypes, others are non-types.A–B, anterior end, lateral view, showing pharynx.B, detail of glandular mass on dorsal pharyngeal pad. C, ventral view of pharynx, arrows showing diverticula.D, nephridial ducts. E, spermathecal duct, ventral view. F, chaeta pairs, ventral (left) and dorsal. G–H, ventrolateral glands in VII; (G) ventrolateral view, (H) lateral view.I, male funnels and ventral gland surrounding male pores in XI.J, posterior vas deferens entering ventral gland in XI.	Figure 9. Limpluvia setoensis, photos of worms from Asahina River (A–H) and Seto River (I, J). C, E, F, H, I, and J are paratypes, others are non-types.A–B, anterior end, lateral view, showing pharynx.B, detail of glandular mass on dorsal pharyngeal pad. C, ventral view of pharynx, arrows showing diverticula.D, nephridial ducts. E, spermathecal duct, ventral view. F, chaeta pairs, ventral (left) and dorsal. G–H, ventrolateral glands in VII; (G) ventrolateral view, (H) lateral view.I, male funnels and ventral gland surrounding male pores in XI.J, posterior vas deferens entering ventral gland in XI.	2024-12-02	Martin, Patrick;Fend, Steven;Martinsson, Svante;Klinth, Mårten;Torii, Takaaki;Erséus, Christer		Zenodo	biologists	Martin, Patrick;Fend, Steven;Martinsson, Svante;Klinth, Mårten;Torii, Takaaki;Erséus, Christer			
80735A2DFFA3FF8016B5A1CDFE9DA8ED.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14810312/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14810312	Figure 2. Comparison of anterior ends of haplotaxid-like worms analysed here, schematic figures with emphasis on somatic characters. C, F, and H are from the genetically analysed specimens, the other figures are based on individuals from the same site (and usually same date) as the analysed worms, but better fixed for morphology. A, Haplotaxis spUS2 from Corral Creek, Idaho, USA.Oral cavity of gut is contracted, muscular pharynx extends through two segments.B, Haplotaxis spJP2 from Gudari-numa, Aomori, Japan.Oral cavity of gut is expanded, muscular pharynx is shorter than in the Idaho specimen. C, Haplotaxis spJP1 from Kakida River, Shizuoka, Japan.Timm’s glands are larger than in (A) or (C), muscular pharynx is short.D, Haplotaxoides decipiens from Guadalupe Creek, California, USA.E, Ohtakiana kakidaensis from Kakida River, Shizuoka, Japan. F, Pelodrilus cf. darlingensis from Western Australia. G, Limpluvia setoensis from Asahina River, Shizuoka, Japan. H, undetermined Lumbriculidae, specimen CE32192, from Euchre Creek, Oregon, USA.	Figure 2. Comparison of anterior ends of haplotaxid-like worms analysed here, schematic figures with emphasis on somatic characters. C, F, and H are from the genetically analysed specimens, the other figures are based on individuals from the same site (and usually same date) as the analysed worms, but better fixed for morphology. A, Haplotaxis spUS2 from Corral Creek, Idaho, USA.Oral cavity of gut is contracted, muscular pharynx extends through two segments.B, Haplotaxis spJP2 from Gudari-numa, Aomori, Japan.Oral cavity of gut is expanded, muscular pharynx is shorter than in the Idaho specimen. C, Haplotaxis spJP1 from Kakida River, Shizuoka, Japan.Timm’s glands are larger than in (A) or (C), muscular pharynx is short.D, Haplotaxoides decipiens from Guadalupe Creek, California, USA.E, Ohtakiana kakidaensis from Kakida River, Shizuoka, Japan. F, Pelodrilus cf. darlingensis from Western Australia. G, Limpluvia setoensis from Asahina River, Shizuoka, Japan. H, undetermined Lumbriculidae, specimen CE32192, from Euchre Creek, Oregon, USA.	2024-12-02	Martin, Patrick;Fend, Steven;Martinsson, Svante;Klinth, Mårten;Torii, Takaaki;Erséus, Christer		Zenodo	biologists	Martin, Patrick;Fend, Steven;Martinsson, Svante;Klinth, Mårten;Torii, Takaaki;Erséus, Christer			
80735A2DFFA3FF8016B5A1CDFE9DA8ED.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14810341/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14810341	Figure 10. Undetermined Lumbriculidae sp., Euchre Creek, Oregon, specimen CE32192. A, chaetae, from left to right: a ventral and dorsal chaeta from XX; a ventral pair and dorsal chaeta from XL; a ventral chaeta from the posterior segment. B, midventral gland and chaetae in XX, with unknown cells on septa.	Figure 10. Undetermined Lumbriculidae sp., Euchre Creek, Oregon, specimen CE32192. A, chaetae, from left to right: a ventral and dorsal chaeta from XX; a ventral pair and dorsal chaeta from XL; a ventral chaeta from the posterior segment. B, midventral gland and chaetae in XX, with unknown cells on septa.	2024-12-02	Martin, Patrick;Fend, Steven;Martinsson, Svante;Klinth, Mårten;Torii, Takaaki;Erséus, Christer		Zenodo	biologists	Martin, Patrick;Fend, Steven;Martinsson, Svante;Klinth, Mårten;Torii, Takaaki;Erséus, Christer			
