identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
8F677E074C5B4009FF1F9EEBFE26FE75.text	8F677E074C5B4009FF1F9EEBFE26FE75.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Axonolaimus de Man 1889	<div><p>Genus Axonolaimus de Man, 1889</p><p>Diagnosis of genus Axonolaimus (modified from Leduc &amp; Zhao 2023) Cuticle finely striated or smooth. Anterior end with four cephalic setae. Cervical setae present, posterior to the amphidial fovea. Amphidial fovea loop-shaped, longitudinally elongated or with rounded outline, at level of buccal cavity. Buccal cavity funnel-shaped, without odontia. Females with two opposed, outstretched ovaries. Males with one outstretched testis, sometimes two testes present. Spicules arcuated. Gubernaculum apophysis dorso-caudally oriented. Small tubular or pit-like precloacal supplements sometimes present. Males tail with subventral rows of setae.</p><p>List of valid Axonolaimus species (Based on Liang et al. 2024)</p><p>A. anellifer (Wieser, 1956) Lorenzen, 1994</p><p>Syn. Parachromagasteriella annelifera Wieser, 1956 Southemiella annelifera Wieser, 1956</p><p>A. antarcticus Cobb, 1930</p><p>A. arcuatus Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1950</p><p>A. caudostriatus Boucher, 1973</p><p>A. deconincki Vincx &amp; Furstenberg, 1989</p><p>A. demani De Coninck &amp; Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1933</p><p>A. dimorphous Liang, Guo &amp; Wang, 2024</p><p>A. drachi Luc &amp; De Coninck, 1959</p><p>A. filipjevi Timm, 1954</p><p>A. geminus Belogurov &amp; Koroleva, 1975</p><p>A. glandifer Leduc &amp; Zhao, 2023</p><p>A. helgolandicus Lorenzen, 1971</p><p>A. hexapilus Wieser &amp; Hopper, 1967</p><p>A. interrogativus Wieser, 1959</p><p>A. mediterraneus Brunetti, 1941</p><p>A. odontophoroides Chitwood, 1936</p><p>A. orcombensis Warwick, 1970</p><p>A. orus Belogurov &amp; Koroleva, 1975</p><p>A. paraponticus Hopper, 1963</p><p>A. paraspinosus Schuurmans Stekhoven &amp; Adam, 1931</p><p>A. ponticus Filipjev, 1918</p><p>A. schuurmansstekhoveni Allgén, 1935</p><p>A. seticaudatus Platonova, 1971</p><p>A. setosus Filipjev, 1918</p><p>A. similis Schulz, 1932</p><p>A. spinosus (Bütschli, 1874) de Man, 1889</p><p>Syn. Anoplostoma spinosa Bütschli, 1874</p><p>Ascolaimus spinosus (Bütschli, 1874) Ditlevsen, 1919</p><p>A. steineri Timm, 1954</p><p>A. stomamilivus Crites, 1961</p><p>A. subsimilis Chitwood, 1936</p><p>A. tenuicaudatus Allgén, 1959</p><p>A. tenuis Schulz, 1932</p><p>A. tirrenicus Brunetti, 1941</p><p>A. typicus de Man, 1922</p><p>A. villosus Skwarra, 1922</p><p>A. rushanensis sp. nov.</p><p>List of species inquirenda</p><p>A. austrogeorgiae Allgén, 1959</p><p>A. diegoensis Allgén, 1947b</p><p>A. filiformis de Man, 1889</p><p>A. leptosoma Allgén, 1951</p><p>A. limalis Ssaweljev, 1912</p><p>A. longisetosus Allgén, 1947a</p><p>A. tenuicollis Allgén, 1947b</p><p>A. versiliensis Brunetti, 1941</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8F677E074C5B4009FF1F9EEBFE26FE75	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Lv, Yanwei;Yu, Huiying;Wang, Mengna	Lv, Yanwei, Yu, Huiying, Wang, Mengna (2025): Two new nematode species: Axonolaimus rushanensis sp. nov. (Axonolaimidae) and Trichromadora spheribulba sp. nov. (Chromadoridae) from the Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 5653 (3): 379-395, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5653.3.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5653.3.5
8F677E074C594009FF1F9B77FE8FF864.text	8F677E074C594009FF1F9B77FE8FF864.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Axonolaimus rushanensis Lv & Yu & Wang 2025	<div><p>Axonolaimus rushanensis sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 59FF09A0-9CB4-490F-ABA0-BC98C29F499C</p><p>(Figures 2–3, Table 1)</p><p>Type material. Two males and three females were studied. Holotype: ♂ 1 on slide 2021RSGHGY4–2–2, paratypes: ♂ 2 on slide 2021RSGHGY4–1–9, ♀ 1 on slide 2021RSGHGY4–2–2, ♀ 2 on slide 2021RSGHGY4–2–22 and ♀ 3 on slide 2021RSGHGY4–2–18 .</p><p>Type locality and habitat. Specimens were collected from intertidal sandy sediments at Rushan, Shandong Province, China. 36º95´N, 121º96΄E (Figure 1).</p><p>Etymology. The species epithet refers to the place where sediments were collected in Rushan.</p><p>Measurements. All measurement data are given in Table 1.</p><p>Descriptions.</p><p>Males. Body cylindrical and slender, tapering slightly towards both extremities. Cuticle finely striated with somatic setae. Inner and outer labial sensilla not observed; four cephalic setae, 21–24 μm (1.7–2.1 cephalic diameter) in length. Two subcephalic setae, 19–21 μm (1.4–1.8 cephalic diameter) in length, amphidial fovea loop-shaped with rounded outline at the level of buccal cavity. Buccal cavity funnel-shaped, 17–18 μm in depth. Pharynx muscular, 171–190 μm in length, anterior portion surrounding posterior part of buccal cavity, widening slightly posteriorly, without pharyngeal bulb. Cardia short. Nerve ring situated 99–102 μm (0.5–0.6 of pharynx length) from anterior end. Tail conical, 131 μm (5.0–5.2 cloacal body diameter) in length, with sparse subventral and subdorsal setae. Three caudal glands.</p><p>Testes outstretched and opposed, anterior testis to the left of intestine, posterior testis to the right of intestine. Spicules arcuate, strongly cuticularised, with straight capitulum, 33–38 μm in length (1.2–1.4 cloacal body diameter). Gubernaculum with strong dorso-caudal apophyses, 10–13 μm in length.</p><p>Females. Similar to males in most characters. Reproductive system with two opposed, outstretched ovaries. Anterior ovary to the left of the intestine, posterior ovary to the right of the intestine. Vulva located slightly posterior to the mid-body (57.5–58.5% body length).</p><p>Differential diagnosis and discussion. Axonolaimus rushanensis sp. nov. is characterized by body medium sized, amphidial fovea loop-shaped with rounded outline at level of buccal cavity, spicules short and arcuate, cuticularised and with straight capitulum, gubernaculum with dorso-caudal apophyses, tail conical.</p><p>According to the morphometric characters of 34 valid species of the genus (Table 2), the new species is similar to A. caudostriatus, A. seticaudatus, A. steineri and A. typicus in body length and presence of subcephalic setae; but differs from A. caudostriatus in the amphidial fovea shape (loop-shaped with rounded outline vs. loop-shaped with elongated outline), gubernaculum apophyses length (10–13 μm vs. 19–20 μm) and tail shape (conical vs. conico-cylindrical); differs from A. seticaudatus in the amphidial fovea shape (loop-shaped with rounded outline vs. loop-shaped with elongated outline), subcephalic setae number (2 vs. 6); subcephalic setae length (19–21 μm vs. 7 μm); gubernaculum apophyses length (10–13 μm vs. 23 μm) and tail shape (conical vs. conico-cylindrical); differs from A. steineri in the amphidial fovea shape (loop-shaped with rounded outline vs. loop-shaped with elongated outline), subcephalic setae number (2 vs. 4); subcephalic setae length (1.4–1.8 cephalic diameter vs. 1.2 cephalic diameter); gubernaculum apophysis shape (dorso-caudal directed vs. dorsal, slightly directed to caudal position) and tail shape (conical vs. conically attenuated with blunt tip); differs from A. typicus in the cephalic setae length (1.7–2.1 cephalic diameter vs. 0.3 cephalic diameter), subcephalic setae number (2 vs. 4) and tail shape (conical vs. conico-cylindrical).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8F677E074C594009FF1F9B77FE8FF864	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Lv, Yanwei;Yu, Huiying;Wang, Mengna	Lv, Yanwei, Yu, Huiying, Wang, Mengna (2025): Two new nematode species: Axonolaimus rushanensis sp. nov. (Axonolaimidae) and Trichromadora spheribulba sp. nov. (Chromadoridae) from the Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 5653 (3): 379-395, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5653.3.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5653.3.5
8F677E074C5C4003FF1F9F41FE60FE17.text	8F677E074C5C4003FF1F9F41FE60FE17.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trichromadora Kreis 1929	<div><p>Genus Trichromadora Kreis, 1929</p><p>Diagnosis of genus Trichromadora (modified from Venekey et. al. 2019): Cuticle with a lateral differentiation of three longitudinal rows of thicker punctations. Amphidial fovea slit-like. Buccal cavity with a large dorsal hollow tooth and ventrosublateral teeth not evident. Posterior pharyngeal bulb present. Precloacal supplements cup-shaped.</p><p>List of valid Trichromadora species</p><p>T. arimiensis Gerlach, 1953</p><p>Syn. Chromadorella acriminiensis Gerlach, 1953</p><p>Chromadorella arimiensis (Gerlach, 1953) Lorenzen, 1972</p><p>Prochromadorella ariminiensis Gerlach,1953</p><p>......continued on the next page</p><p>T. brachyura (Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1950) Muthumbi &amp; Vincx, 1998</p><p>Syn. Prochromadorella brachyura Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1950</p><p>T. longicaudata Kreis, 1929</p><p>Syn. Prochromadorella longicauda (Kreis, 1929) Lorenzen, 1972</p><p>Prochromadorella ophiocephala Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1950</p><p>Trichromadora ophiocephala Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1950</p><p>T. spheribulba sp. nov.</p><p>Identification key to the four species of genus Trichromadora</p><p>1. Amphidial fovea spiral...................................................................... T. ariminiensis</p><p>- Amphidial fovea slit-like............................................................................... 2</p><p>2. Tail long (&gt;30 anal diameter)............................................................... T. longicaudata</p><p>- Tail short (&lt;30 anal diameter)........................................................................... 3</p><p>3. Precloacal supplements more than 6............................................................ T. brachyura</p><p>- Precloacal supplements less than 6..................................................... T. spheribulba . sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8F677E074C5C4003FF1F9F41FE60FE17	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Lv, Yanwei;Yu, Huiying;Wang, Mengna	Lv, Yanwei, Yu, Huiying, Wang, Mengna (2025): Two new nematode species: Axonolaimus rushanensis sp. nov. (Axonolaimidae) and Trichromadora spheribulba sp. nov. (Chromadoridae) from the Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 5653 (3): 379-395, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5653.3.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5653.3.5
8F677E074C534004FF1F9894FD57FE6B.text	8F677E074C534004FF1F9894FD57FE6B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trichromadora spheribulba Lv & Yu & Wang 2025	<div><p>Trichromadora spheribulba sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: AEAFC1B5-20A6-43DC-BB39-E30FCAB3549C</p><p>(Figures 4–5, Table 3)</p><p>Type material. Three males and three females were studied. Holotype: ♂ 1 on 2021RSGHGY 4–2–22; paratypes: ♂ 2 on 2021RSGHGY4–2–21; and ♂ 3 on 2021RSGHGY 4–2–3; ♀ 1 on 2021RSGHGY 4–2–23; ♀ 2 on 2021RSGHGY 4–2–19; and ♀ 3 on 2021RSGHGY 4–2–18 .</p><p>Type locality and habitat. Specimens were collected from intertidal sandy sediment at Rushan, Shandong Province, China. 36º95´N, 121º96΄E (Figure 1).</p><p>Etymology. Species epithet spheribulba refers to the pharynx bulb shape.</p><p>Measurements. All measurement data are given in Table 3.</p><p>Descriptions.</p><p>Males. Body long and slender, blunt at the anterior end and tapering towards the tail end. Heterogeneous cuticle ornamented with transverse rows of evenly spaced, rounded punctations extending from the anterior body region to pharyngeal bulb region. Posterior to pharyngeal bulb, several punctations in the medial row conspicuously larger than adjacent punctations within the same transverse row until the mid-body region. Due to the close proximity of these enlarged punctations, their exact number is uncertain. Posterior to the mid-body, three punctations per transverse row markedly thickening, forming three distinct longitudinal lateral rows. Among these, the largest medial punctation transitions into rectangular markings until the cloacal region. Posterior to the cloaca, the ornamentation small, uniformly rounded punctations extending to the tail terminus. Six inner and six outer labial sensilla papilliform, four long cephalic setae 12–13 µm (0.7–0.8 cephalic diameter in length). Several somatic setae scattered at the anterior end of pharyngeal bulb region. Amphidial fovea situated anterior to cephalic setae, faint slit-like, 0.4 as wide as the corresponding body diameter. Buccal cavity shallow, 8–9 µm in depth, with one large dorsal hollow tooth and two small subventral teeth. Pharynx muscular and cylindrical, posterior region swollen into a distinct bulb (19–22 % of pharynx length). Nerve ring surrounds the pharynx at 55–57 % of the pharyngeal length from the anterior. Secretory-excretory system present. Cardia not observed. Tail conical and gradually tapering to the spinneret, 5.8– 8.5 cloacal body diameter in length.</p><p>Reproductive system with a single, outstretched testis located to the right of the intestine. Spicules evenly curved and arc-shaped (1.3–1.5 cloacal body diameter in length). Gubernaculum boat-shaped, surrounding the distal end of spicules, swollen in the middle part. Seven precloacal supplements cup-shaped (arranged in two groups: 3+4), three supplements close to cloaca equally-distanced (10–14 µm), the other four equally-distanced (10–14 µm), but the distance between the two groups is larger (15–18 µm).</p><p>Females. Similar to males in most characteristics. Contrast to males’ cuticle, without rectangular markings present. Reproductive system didelphic, with opposed and reflexed ovaries. Anterior ovary to left of intestine and posterior ovary to right of intestine. Spermatheca present. Vulva situated posterior to middle of body (53.9–55.8% body length). Vagina short and muscularized with thick walls.</p><p>Differentiational diagnosis and discussion. Trichromadora spheribulba sp. nov. is characterized by body long and slender, buccal cavity with three hollow teeth, pharynx with an obvious posterior bulb, spicules long and arc-shaped, gubernaculum boat-shaped and swollen in the middle part, seven cup-shaped supplements in two groups and unequidistant.</p><p>The new species was assigned to the genus Trichromadora based on the presence of three distinct longitudinal lateral rows extending from the mid-body to the cloacal region, along with hollow teeth.According to the diagnostic (Figure 6) and morphometric characters (Table 4) of three valid species of the genus, T. spheribulba sp. nov. is similar to T. arimiensis in cuticle ornamentation, cephalic setae length, spicules shape and tail shape, but can be differentiated from the latter in body length (1081–1334 µm vs. 770–890 µm), amphidial fovea shape (slit-like vs. spiral), pharynx shape (posterior bulb obvious vs. posterior bulb weak), spicules length (35–39 µm vs. 27 µm), gubernaculum apophysis length (24–26 µm vs. 20 µm), precloacal supplements number (7 vs. 5) and tail length (138–173 µm vs. 56–120 µm). Meanwhile, the new species significantly differs from T. brachyura in body length (1081–1334 µm vs. 600 µm), cephalic setae length (12–14 µm vs. 2.64 µm), spicules length (35–39 µm vs. 17.6 µm), precloacal supplements number (7 vs. 4) and tail length (138–173 µm vs. 52 µm); differs from T. longicaudata in longer body (1081–1334 µm vs. 897–1081 µm), longer cephalic setae (12–14 µm vs. 4–5 µm), longer spicules (35–39 µm vs. 17–22 µm), longer gubernaculum apophysis (24–26 µm vs. 10–11 µm), more precloacal supplements (7 vs. 5) and shorter tail (138–173 µm vs. 164–293 µm). Furthermore, differences between T. spheribulba sp. nov. and other congeners are listed in the key below.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8F677E074C534004FF1F9894FD57FE6B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Lv, Yanwei;Yu, Huiying;Wang, Mengna	Lv, Yanwei, Yu, Huiying, Wang, Mengna (2025): Two new nematode species: Axonolaimus rushanensis sp. nov. (Axonolaimidae) and Trichromadora spheribulba sp. nov. (Chromadoridae) from the Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa 5653 (3): 379-395, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5653.3.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5653.3.5
