identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
BC3FAACEA9DB5FFF91343F7361C6EFDF.text	BC3FAACEA9DB5FFF91343F7361C6EFDF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lycogala alisaulianovae Leontyev, Ishchenko, Schnittler & Sarzhevskyi 2023	<div><p>Lycogala alisaulianovae Leontyev, Ishchenko, Schnittler &amp; Sarzhevskyi, in Leontyev, Ishchenko &amp; Schnittler, Mycologia 115 (4): 527 (2023)</p><p>Fig. 3</p><p>Specimen examined.</p><p>CHINA • Zhejiang Province: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=119.4538&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.3234" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 119.4538/lat 30.3234)">Tianmu Mountain National Nature Reserve</a>, 30.3234°N, 119.4538°E, on rotten wood, 18 Jun 2014, collected by Wen-Long Song and Ya-Jing Chen (HFNNU 9995) .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Ukraine, Russia, Germany (Leontyev et al. 2023 b), Norway (Johannesen and Vetlesen 2024), and China (this study).</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Lycogala alisaulianovae is recorded in China for the first time. The main characteristics of this species are copper or umber brown sporocarps, solitary peridial vesicles that appear dark brown under TL, and bluish-gray spore mass, which makes it easy to identify (Leontyev et al. 2023 b). Our specimen HFNNU 9995 shows slight differences from the original description (Leontyev et al. 2023 b) in terms of the color of the sporocarp (brown to nearly black) and the pigmentation of the vesicles (brownish yellow), but the capillitium, spore mass color, and spore ornamentation (Fig. 3) are the same as those of the original description. The two-gene phylogenetic analysis (Fig. 2) clustered our specimen HFNNU 9995 within the branch of L. alisaulianovae (CWP 3656, IY 07, IY 26, sc 27822, sc 32540, and sc 32527) with high statistical support (UBS = 100, PP = 1), thus confirming its morphological identification as L. alisaulianovae .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BC3FAACEA9DB5FFF91343F7361C6EFDF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Song, Wen-Long;Jiang, Zi-Qiong;Li, Min;Leontyev, Dmytro;Gao, Yang;Chen, Shuang-Lin	Song, Wen-Long, Jiang, Zi-Qiong, Li, Min, Leontyev, Dmytro, Gao, Yang, Chen, Shuang-Lin (2025): Comprehensive revision of Lycogala (Myxomycetes) in subtropical China: morphological and phylogenetic insights and ten new species. IMA Fungus 16: e 147535, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.147535
3A764E7E413E5C36949F5C3A8D27C8A1.text	3A764E7E413E5C36949F5C3A8D27C8A1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lycogala annulatum W. L. Song, Z. Q. Jiang & Shuang L. Chen 2025	<div><p>Lycogala annulatum W. L. Song, Z. Q. Jiang &amp; Shuang L. Chen sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 4</p><p>GenBank accession numbers.</p><p>PQ 685822 (SSU) and PQ 728321 (COI).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Annulus (Latin) ring, referring to the ring-shaped ornamentation of the capillitium.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Differs from L. exiguum by smaller vesicle diameter, and by capillitium tubules decorated by conspicuous visible.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Sporocarps scattered, spherical to short horizontally ovoid, sometimes deformed by mutual pressure, 1.6–3.7 mm in diameter. Peridium membranous, thin, yellowish brown with olivaceous tones or somewhat darker, with dense vesicles cover on the outer surface; the dehiscence area at the top of sporocarp conspicuous, free of vesicles, irregularly in shape. Inner surface of the peridium smooth or covered by scattered warts. Vesicles polygonal, irregularly ovoid, black under RL, dark brown under TL, (17 –) 18–23 (– 26) μm in diameter, clustered together forming large aggregates with 2–6 vesicles across the group. Vesicles walls smooth, single-layered. Oil droplets large or small, present in the central part of each vesicle. Capillitium tubular, hyaline under TL, with wavy contour and no bracelet-like thickening, (2.1 –) 3.2–5.3 (– 7.6) μm in diameter; the surface of the thread is densely covered by small warts and large rings, the latter visible both under TL and SEM. Spore mass in old collections yellow with ochraceous undertones or darker, hyaline under TL, (5.2 –) 5.5–5.8 (– 6.2) μm in diameter, reticulate, with 6–7 meshes across diameter, unornamented area occupies 1 / 4 of the spore surface. Plasmodium unknown.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Currently known only from China.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>On rotten wood.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>CHINA • Zhejiang Province: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=119.4562&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.3227" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 119.4562/lat 30.3227)">Tianmu Mountain National Nature Reserve</a>, 30.3227°N, 119.4562°E, on rotten wood, 16 Jun 2024, collected by Wen-Long Song and Ya-Jing Chen (HFNNU 10826).</p><p>Additional specimens examined.</p><p>CHINA • Zhejiang Province: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=119.4456&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.3463" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 119.4456/lat 30.3463)">Tianmu Mountain National Nature Reserve</a>, 30.3463°N, 119.4456°E, on rotten wood, 17 Jun 2024, collected by Wen-Long Song and Ya-Jing Chen (HFNNU 10827) ; • Zhejiang Province: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=119.4436&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.3458" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 119.4436/lat 30.3458)">Tianmu Mountain National Nature Reserve</a>, 30.3458°N, 119.4436°E, on rotten wood, 18 Jun 2024, collected by Wen-Long Song and Ya-Jing Chen (HFNNU 10829) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>The most prominent morphological characteristic of L. annulatum is the surface of the capillitium tubules, which is decorated with large rings visible under TL and SEM. Similar ornamentation of the capillitium is also known in Lycogala aggregatum and Lycogala botrydium, but these two species have different morphologies of peridial vesicles (Leontyev et al. 2023 b): irregularly grouped and clustered in smooth aggregates with individual vesicles nearly indistinguishable, respectively. The structure of the peridium makes L. annulatum a member of the L. exiguum complex. However, L. annulatum differs from the type material of L. exiguum (Leontyev and Schnittler 2023) by the following morphological differences: (i) sporocarps of L. exiguum form very large groups (&gt; 50), while those of L. annulatum is scattered; (ii) the vesicle diameter of L. exiguum is 20–40 μm, while that of L. annulatum is (17 –) 18–23 (– 26) μm; (iii) the capillitium of L. exiguum is ornamented with pits, warts and only scanty rings 1–3 μm in diameter, while in L. annulatum the tubules are richly decorated with rings visible under TL. From a phylogenetic perspective based on SSU and COI sequences (Fig. 2), the three specimens representing L. annulatum form a sister clade with L. exiguum HFNNU 11333, with strong statistical supported (UBS = 100, PP = 1). The separation of L. annulatum as a distinct species is supported in 5 of 10 partitions identified by ASAP (Suppl. material 7). The genetic distance between L. annulatum and L. exiguum HFNNU 11333, measured based on SSU sequences, is 0.03, which is rather low (Leontyev et al. 2015; Borg Dahl et al. 2018). Therefore, although we describe L. annulatum on the basis of morphology data, the species boundaries within the L. exiguum complex require further investigation.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3A764E7E413E5C36949F5C3A8D27C8A1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Song, Wen-Long;Jiang, Zi-Qiong;Li, Min;Leontyev, Dmytro;Gao, Yang;Chen, Shuang-Lin	Song, Wen-Long, Jiang, Zi-Qiong, Li, Min, Leontyev, Dmytro, Gao, Yang, Chen, Shuang-Lin (2025): Comprehensive revision of Lycogala (Myxomycetes) in subtropical China: morphological and phylogenetic insights and ten new species. IMA Fungus 16: e 147535, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.147535
68AE25D156A25ABEB23E6B30037B9E3C.text	68AE25D156A25ABEB23E6B30037B9E3C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lycogala caviaroides Leontyev, Schnittler, S. L. Stephenson & G. Konstantinides 2023	<div><p>Lycogala caviaroides Leontyev, Schnittler, S. L. Stephenson &amp; G. Konstantinides, in Leontyev, Ishchenko &amp; Schnittler, Mycologia 115 (4): 533 (2023)</p><p>Specimen examined.</p><p>NA.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Germany, Greece, United States (Leontyev et al. 2023 b), and China (this study).</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Lycogala caviaroides was separated from the L. epidendrum complex based on morphological characteristics and two-gene phylogenetic analysis (SSU and COI) by Leontyev et al. (2023 a, b). When retrieving GenBank data for our study, we found a COI sequence of specimen MCCNNU 0250, which was previously submitted to GenBank. This specimen originates from Tianmu Mountain National Nature Reserve, Zhejiang Province, subtropical China. Based on the COI sequences similarity, specimen MCCNNU 0250 can be attributed to L. caviaroides (Fig. 2). However, we could not obtain the specimen MCCNNU 0250 for the morphological study. Therefore, we cannot reliably confirm the occurrence of L. caviaroides in subtropical China at this time.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/68AE25D156A25ABEB23E6B30037B9E3C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Song, Wen-Long;Jiang, Zi-Qiong;Li, Min;Leontyev, Dmytro;Gao, Yang;Chen, Shuang-Lin	Song, Wen-Long, Jiang, Zi-Qiong, Li, Min, Leontyev, Dmytro, Gao, Yang, Chen, Shuang-Lin (2025): Comprehensive revision of Lycogala (Myxomycetes) in subtropical China: morphological and phylogenetic insights and ten new species. IMA Fungus 16: e 147535, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.147535
FEA06B83C04652619089EC1AAD4ACC00.text	FEA06B83C04652619089EC1AAD4ACC00.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lycogala chinense W. L. Song, Yang Gao, Leontyev & Shuang L. Chen 2025	<div><p>Lycogala chinense W. L. Song, Yang Gao, Leontyev &amp; Shuang L. Chen sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 5</p><p>GenBank accession numbers.</p><p>PQ 685903 (SSU) and PQ 728369 (COI).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Chinense (Latin) Chinese, referring to the geographic origin of collections.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Differs from L. confusum by dark, thick-walled peridial vesicles, nearly solitary or clustered in small rows and bunches, containing large oil droplets and occasional crystals.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Sporocarps scattered, spherical, short horizontally oval, or somewhat irregular, 1.0– 3.5 mm in diameter. Peridium thin, membranous, light ochre to yellowish brown with olivaceous tones, densely covered with peridial vesicles. The inner surface of the peridium almost smooth, with scattered patches of wart, as seen in SEM. Peridial vesicles appear brown under RL, warm pale yellow to deep warm brown under TL, (45 –) 90–110 (– 165) μm in diameter, nearly solitary or clustered by 2–4, forming rows and bunch-like groups, somewhat deformed from mutual pressure. Crystals in vesicles occasionally present in the form of druses. Oil droplets present, large, often occupy half or more of the inner vesicle space. Capillitium with wavy and bracelet-like thickenings nearly invisible under TL, but more or less conspicuous under SEM, (5.0 –) 8.0–12 (– 22.1) μm in diameter, densely ornamented by pits and warts; capillitial free ends without conspicuous swellings. Spore mass in old collections yellow with ochraceous undertones or darker, hyaline under TL, (5.5 –) 6.5–7.0 μm in diameter, reticulate, with 4–5 meshes across diameter, unornamented area occupies 1 / 4–1 / 3 of the spore surface. Plasmodium unknown.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Currently known only from China.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>On rotten wood.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>CHINA • Jiangxi Province: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=114.6036&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.5509" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 114.6036/lat 28.5509)">Guan Mountain National Nature Reserve</a>, on rotten wood, 28.5509°N, 114.6036°E, 29 Jun 2020, collected by Xiao-Dong Liu and Yang Gao (HFNNU 11237).</p><p>Additional specimens examined.</p><p>CHINA • Henan Province: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=111.947&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.519" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 111.947/lat 33.519)">Baotianman National Nature Reserve</a>, on rotten wood, 33.5190°N, 111.9470°E, 22 Jul 2016, collected by Yang Gao and Gao-Wei Wang (MCCNNU 2788) ; • Jiangxi Province: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=114.5998&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.5588" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 114.5998/lat 28.5588)">Guan Mountain National Nature Reserve</a>, 28.5588°N, 114.5998°E, on rotten wood, 29 Jun 2020, collected by Xiao-Dong Liu and Yang Gao (HFNNU 11236) ; • <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=114.0844&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.6625" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 114.0844/lat 26.6625)">Jinggang Mountain National Nature Reserve</a>, 26.6625°N, 114.0844°E, on rotten wood, 18 Jul 2020, collected by Xiao-Dong Liu and Yang Gao (HFNNU 11238) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>According to our two-gene phylogeny (Fig. 2), this species is most closely related to L. confusum . Indeed, these two taxa share many similarities in peridial structure. In both species, the vesicles are filled with oil droplets, including relatively large ones, and form small rows or bunches, although in L. chinense the vesicles are often nearly solitary. However, the macromorphology of these two species differs noticeably. In L. chinense, the vesicles are dark brown and relatively large (up to 160 µm), situated against the light yellowish background of exposed peridium, forming a contrasting, speckled pattern. In contrast, L. confusum has smaller (up to 90 µm) and lighter vesicles, densely covering the orange-brown background, creating a “ marbled ” pattern (Leontyev et al. 2023 b). L. chinense also resembles L. skovorodaense but differs in having much looser clustering of vesicles. Compared to both similar taxa, L. confusum and L. skovorodaense, the new species also differs by the occasional presence of crystals in peridial vesicles.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FEA06B83C04652619089EC1AAD4ACC00	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Song, Wen-Long;Jiang, Zi-Qiong;Li, Min;Leontyev, Dmytro;Gao, Yang;Chen, Shuang-Lin	Song, Wen-Long, Jiang, Zi-Qiong, Li, Min, Leontyev, Dmytro, Gao, Yang, Chen, Shuang-Lin (2025): Comprehensive revision of Lycogala (Myxomycetes) in subtropical China: morphological and phylogenetic insights and ten new species. IMA Fungus 16: e 147535, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.147535
8B2BC15711E45FB6B37B138D1A7618AC.text	8B2BC15711E45FB6B37B138D1A7618AC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lycogala conicum Pers.	<div><p>Lycogala conicum Pers., Syn. meth. fung. 1: 159 (1801)</p><p>Specimen examined.</p><p>CHINA • Zhejiang Province: Tianmu Mountain National Reserve, on rotten wood, 18 Jun 2014, collected by Wen-Long Song and Ya-Jing Chen (HFNNU 9992) ; • Chongqing City: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=107.1467&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.0449" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 107.1467/lat 29.0449)">Jinfo Mountain National Nature Reserve</a>, 29.0449°N, 107.1467°E, on rotten wood, 14 Aug 2023, collected by Shu-Zhen Yan and Shuang-Lin Chen (HFNNU 11176) ; • Sichuan Province: Miyaluo Nature Reserve, on rotten wood, 11 Aug 2023, collected by Shu-Zhen Yan and Shuang-Lin Chen (HFNNU 11177) ; • Sichuan Province: Miyaluo Nature Reserve, on rotten wood, 11 Aug 2023, collected by Shu-Zhen Yan and Shuang-Lin Chen (HFNNU 11178) ; • Hubei Province: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=110.57&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.0783" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 110.57/lat 30.0783)">Houhe National Nature Reserve</a>, 30.0783°N, 110.5700°E, on rotten wood, 23 Jul 2019, collected by Min Li (HFNNU 11232) ; • Hubei Province: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=110.5822&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.0807" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 110.5822/lat 30.0807)">Houhe National Nature Reserve</a>, 30.0807°N, 110.5822°E, on rotten wood, 23 Jul 2019, collected by Min Li (HFNNU 11233) .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Widely distributed worldwide.</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Lycogala conicum is a common and morphologically distinct species characterized by cone-shaped sporocarps. In this study, we found six specimens that are similar to the description of L. conicum Pers. (Martin and Alexopoulos 1969) . Published sequences assigned to L. conicum form two branches (Fig. 2), one containing the specimen IY 39, collected in Russia, and the other, which includes specimens EJ 18190388 (Norway) and TVDH 551 (Australia). Our collections cluster with the first branch (UBS = 100, PP = 1, distance of 0–0.003) and demonstrate considerable genetic distance from the second (distances 0.16 and 0.17, see Suppl. material 8). The ASAP data indicate that these two clusters of L. conicum may represent different species. Therefore, further research is necessary, integrating both morphological and phylogenetic data to confirm or refute the hypothesis that L. conicum represents a species complex.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8B2BC15711E45FB6B37B138D1A7618AC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Song, Wen-Long;Jiang, Zi-Qiong;Li, Min;Leontyev, Dmytro;Gao, Yang;Chen, Shuang-Lin	Song, Wen-Long, Jiang, Zi-Qiong, Li, Min, Leontyev, Dmytro, Gao, Yang, Chen, Shuang-Lin (2025): Comprehensive revision of Lycogala (Myxomycetes) in subtropical China: morphological and phylogenetic insights and ten new species. IMA Fungus 16: e 147535, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.147535
9D469C2E97E658E1AFD1F0C9AAD9EB9F.text	9D469C2E97E658E1AFD1F0C9AAD9EB9F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lycogala convexum W. L. Song, Yang Gao, Leontyev & Shuang L. Chen 2025	<div><p>Lycogala convexum W. L. Song, Yang Gao, Leontyev &amp; Shuang L. Chen sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 6</p><p>GenBank accession numbers.</p><p>PQ 685911 (SSU) and PQ 728373 (COI).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Convexum (Latin) convex, referring to the shape of peridial vesicles.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Differs from L. maculatum by convex, reddish-brown vesicles and the absence of bracelet-like ornamentation of the capillitium.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Sporocarps scattered or in small groups, more or less spherical, 1.5–3.5 mm in diameter. Peridium thin, membranous, pale beige-yellow, looking dark brown because of dense vesicle cover on the outer surface. The inner surface of the peridium smooth or covered with sparse warts. Vesicles under RL look like dried droplets, noticeably convex, with flattened periphery, rounded or slightly angular, wine red to rust red; under TL vesicles solitary, deep warm brown or darker t, semi-transparent, (120 –) 150–205 (– 280) μm in diameter. Vesicle walls thick, 5–15 µm, granular, single- or multilayered, with indistinct layer boundaries. Crystals mostly absent, but may be present and rather large. Oil droplets present, small to rather large, irregular in shape, strongly birefringent. Capillitium (2.1 –) 4.2–6.9 (– 10.8) μm in diameter, with uneven, wavy contour, but no clear bracelet-like thickenings, free end of tubules are swollen. The surface of capillitium ornamented with small warts and pits, accompanied by irregular ring-like inlets. Spore mass yellow with ochraceous undertones or darker in old collections, hyaline under TL, (5.0 –) 6.5–7.0 (– 7.5) μm in diameter, reticulate, with 4–5 meshes across diameter, unornamented area occupies 1 / 4–1 / 2 of the spore surface. Plasmodium unknown.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Currently known from China and South Korea.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>On rotten wood.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>CHINA • Jiangxi Province: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=115.8388&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.7689" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 115.8388/lat 28.7689)">Campus of Jiangxi Agricultural University</a>, 28.7689°N, 115.8388°E, on rotten wood, 21 Oct 2019, collected by Yang Gao (HFNNU 11245).</p><p>Additional specimens examined.</p><p>CHINA • Jiangxi Province: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=115.8375&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.767" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 115.8375/lat 28.767)">Campus of Jiangxi Agricultural University</a>, 28.7670°N, 115.8375°E, on rotten wood, 14 Jul 2021, collected by Yang Gao (HFNNU 11246) ; • Jiangxi Province: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=114.6069&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.5213" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 114.6069/lat 28.5213)">Guan Mountain National Nature Reserve</a>, 28.5213°N, 114.6069°E, on rotten wood, 13 Sep 2024, collected by Xiao-Dong Liu and Yang Gao (HFNNU 11243) ; • Jiangxi Province: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=114.9119&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.5185" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 114.9119/lat 25.5185)">Guan Mountain National Nature Reserve</a>, 25.5185°N, 114.9119°E, on rotten wood, 13 Sep 2024, collected by Xiao-Dong Liu and Yang Gao (HFNNU 11244) ; • Hubei Province: Shennongjia Forestry District, on rotten wood, 20 Aug 2015, collected by Shu-Zhen Yan, Gang He, Yang Gao, Xi Lin, and Gao-Wei Wang (MCCNNU 2018) . SOUTH KOREA • South Gyeongsang: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.73&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.336" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.73/lat 35.336)">Forest on Jiri Mt</a>, 35.336°N, 127.73°E, on rotten wood, 16 Jul 2007, collector unknown (TNSM 13641) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Lycogala convexum resembles L. maculatum, although these species are not closely related. Both taxa have relatively large sporocarps, densely covered by dark solitary vesicles. However, in L. maculatum, both peridium and vesicles are usually darker than in L. convexum . Vesicles in L. maculatum are nearly flat, while in the new species they are clearly convex. Finally, L. convexum does not have bracelet-like thickenings on the capillitium, which are typical of L. maculatum and related Lycogala projectum (see below). From a phylogenetic perspective based on SSU and COI sequences (Fig. 2), the six specimens representing L. convexum form a separate clade (UBS = 100, PP = 1), sister to L. alisaulianovae and Lycogala roseoporum (UBS = 90, PP = 0.912). Both related species share with L. convexum the general type of the vesicle cover, but differ by the color of the spore mass. The interspecific genetic distance from L. convexum to L. roseoporum is 0.19, and to L. alisaulianovae is 0.25.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9D469C2E97E658E1AFD1F0C9AAD9EB9F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Song, Wen-Long;Jiang, Zi-Qiong;Li, Min;Leontyev, Dmytro;Gao, Yang;Chen, Shuang-Lin	Song, Wen-Long, Jiang, Zi-Qiong, Li, Min, Leontyev, Dmytro, Gao, Yang, Chen, Shuang-Lin (2025): Comprehensive revision of Lycogala (Myxomycetes) in subtropical China: morphological and phylogenetic insights and ten new species. IMA Fungus 16: e 147535, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.147535
F2A8BD27F05D5E879FDF61FB4DBE326D.text	F2A8BD27F05D5E879FDF61FB4DBE326D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lycogala epidendrum (L.) Fr.	<div><p>Lycogala epidendrum (L.) Fr., Syst. mycol. 3 (1): 80 (1829) sensu Leontyev et al., Mycol. 115 (4): 548 (2023)</p><p>Specimen examined.</p><p>A total of 68 specimens. Detailed information on the voucher, geographic location, date of collection, and collectors of studied collections is provided in the Table 1.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Widely distributed worldwide.</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Lycogala epidendrum has an extensive distribution and the most variable morphology within the genus (Leontyev et al. 2023 b). In this study, out of 163 specimens of Lycogala from subtropical China, 68 specimens were identified as L. epidendrum, with further molecular confirmation of the identification (Suppl. material 6). The most obvious characteristic of L. epidendrum is the presence of very pale, irregular vesicles, faintly visible under RL, as well as the whitish strands of dried slime between the vesicles (Leontyev et al. 2023 b). In addition, large sporocarps, rather irregular in shape and forming vast groups, may distinguish the L. epidendrum . However, the morphology of L. epidendrum exhibits polymorphism. Some of our collections of L. epidendrum consist of a few small sporocarps. This means that although the definition of L. epidendrum has been narrowed down, it is still a large species complex. This is further confirmed in the species delimitation results of ASAP. Five of ten partitions created by this service separate L. epidendrum into several species (Suppl. material 7). More studies, including recombination tests and multigene approaches, are needed to clarify whether L. epidendrum is a species complex or complex species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F2A8BD27F05D5E879FDF61FB4DBE326D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Song, Wen-Long;Jiang, Zi-Qiong;Li, Min;Leontyev, Dmytro;Gao, Yang;Chen, Shuang-Lin	Song, Wen-Long, Jiang, Zi-Qiong, Li, Min, Leontyev, Dmytro, Gao, Yang, Chen, Shuang-Lin (2025): Comprehensive revision of Lycogala (Myxomycetes) in subtropical China: morphological and phylogenetic insights and ten new species. IMA Fungus 16: e 147535, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.147535
3C1A02D4180C50C5A3BC7929BC4C89EF.text	3C1A02D4180C50C5A3BC7929BC4C89EF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lycogala exiguum Morgan	<div><p>Lycogala exiguum Morgan, J. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist. 15 (3–4): 134 (1893)</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Widely distributed worldwide.</p><p>Specimen examined.</p><p>CHINA • Hubei Province: Houhe National Nature Reserve, on rotten wood, 26 Jun 2019, collected by Shu-Zhen Yan and Min Li (HFNNU 11333) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Lycogala exiguum is considered a species complex at the current level of knowledge (Leontyev et al. 2023 b). In the two-gene phylogenetic tree (Fig. 2), collections identified as L. exiguum, based on morphological characteristics, formed a large clade represented by at least six putative species. However, it is still uncertain which clade represents the “ true ” L. exiguum, as the DNA data of the type specimen are not available. In this study, we describe two new species ( L. annulatum and L. fasciculovesiculiferum) from the L. exiguum complex, both of which differ in morphological characteristics from the original (Morgan 1893) and emended (Leontyev et al. 2023 b) descriptions of L. exiguum . One more species of the complex, L. “ microcapum ”, will be described in a separate paper.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3C1A02D4180C50C5A3BC7929BC4C89EF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Song, Wen-Long;Jiang, Zi-Qiong;Li, Min;Leontyev, Dmytro;Gao, Yang;Chen, Shuang-Lin	Song, Wen-Long, Jiang, Zi-Qiong, Li, Min, Leontyev, Dmytro, Gao, Yang, Chen, Shuang-Lin (2025): Comprehensive revision of Lycogala (Myxomycetes) in subtropical China: morphological and phylogenetic insights and ten new species. IMA Fungus 16: e 147535, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.147535
7F4CD511A0C2527A87D6A37635AC8D53.text	7F4CD511A0C2527A87D6A37635AC8D53.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lycogala fasciculovesiculiferum W. L. Song, Min Li & Shuang L. Chen 2025	<div><p>Lycogala fasciculovesiculiferum W. L. Song, Min Li &amp; Shuang L. Chen sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 7</p><p>GenBank accession numbers.</p><p>PQ 685945 (SSU).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Fasciculus (Latin) small bundle or bunch, and vesicula (Latin) vesicle, referring to the clustered peridial vesicles.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Differs from L. exiguum by darker peridium, rounded opaque multilayer aggregates of vesicles, and thin vesicle walls with no outer layer covering the whole group.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Sporocarps scattered or in small tight groups, spherical to vertically or horizontally oval, sometimes deformed by mutual pressure, 1.4–2.5 mm in diameter. Peridium membranous, yellowish brown with olivaceous tones or darker, with dense vesicle cover in the upper part of sporocarp, while the lower part is covered much more sparsely. The inner surface of the peridium smooth. Vesicles appear black under RL, deep warm brown or lighter under TL, (31 –) 33–40 (– 50) μm in diameter, semi-translucent, forming rounded multilayer aggregates, with 4–7 vesicles across the group and central part opaque due to the overlapping of vesicles. Crystals and oil droplets not observed. Capillitium (2.9 –) 4.2–5.6 (– 7.4) μm in diameter, hyaline under TL, with wavy contour, lacking bracelet-like thickening or with very weak ones, densely decorated with small warts and pits. Spore mass, as seen in old collections, yellow with ochraceous undertones or darker, hyaline under TL, (5.4 –) 5.7–5.9 (– 6.2) μm in diameter, reticulate, with 5–6 meshes across diameter, unornamented area occupies 1 / 4 of the spore surface. Plasmodium unknown.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Currently known only from China.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>On rotten wood.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>CHINA • Henan Province: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=111.9506&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.5172" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 111.9506/lat 33.5172)">Baotianman National Nature Reserve</a>, 33.5172°N, 111.9506°E, on rotten wood, 25 Sep 2016, collected by Yang Gao and Gao-Wei Wang (HFNNU 11281).</p><p>Additional specimens examined.</p><p>CHINA • Hubei Province: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=110.5932&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.0925" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 110.5932/lat 30.0925)">Houhe National Nature Reserve</a>, 30.0925°N, 110.5932°E, on rotten wood, 20 Jul 2019, collected by Min Li (HFNNU 11274) ; • <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=110.6076&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.0874" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 110.6076/lat 30.0874)">Houhe National Nature Reserve</a>, 30.0874°N, 110.6076°E, on rotten wood, 30 Aug 2019, collected by Min Li (HFNNU 11276) ; • <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=110.6382&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.0879" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 110.6382/lat 30.0879)">Houhe National Nature Reserve</a>, 30.0879°N, 110.6382°E, on rotten wood, 30 Aug 2019, collected by Min Li (HFNNU 11277) ; • <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=110.621&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.0907" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 110.621/lat 30.0907)">Houhe National Nature Reserve</a>, 30.0907°N, 110.6210°E, on rotten wood, 30 Aug 2019, collected by Min Li (HFNNU 11278) . • Guangdong Province: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=112.548&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.1798" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 112.548/lat 23.1798)">Dinghu Mountain National Nature Reserve</a>, 23.1798°N, 112.5480°E, on rotten wood, 29 May 2014, collected by Bin Wei and Gang He (HFNNU 11275) . • Henan Province: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=111.9492&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.5145" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 111.9492/lat 33.5145)">Baotianman National Nature Reserve</a>, 33.5145°N, 111.9492°E, on rotten wood, 25 Sep 2016, collected by Yang Gao and Gao-Wei Wang (HFNNU 11279) ; • <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=111.0553&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.4037" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 111.0553/lat 26.4037)">Shunhuang Mountain National Forest Park</a>, 26.4037°N, 111.0553°E, on rotten wood, 13 Jul 2015, collected by Yang Gao and Gao-Wei Wang (HFNNU 11280) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>The small sporocarps, thin capillitium, and densely clustered vesicles may lead to the identification of L. fasciculovesiculiferum as L. exiguum . However, the vesicle walls in L. exiguum are rather thick and multi-layered, with the outer layer covering the whole group, while the vesicle walls in L. fasciculovesiculiferum are thin, with no common layer for the group. The shape of vesicle aggregates is mostly elongate in L. exiguum, but isodiametric in L. fasciculovesiculiferum . Oil droplets in L. exiguum are large, one or few in the central part of the vesicle, or small, forming granular deposits. In L. fasciculovesiculiferum we did not observe oil accumulations. From a phylogenetic perspective (Fig. 2), the eight specimens representing L. fasciculovesiculiferum form a separate clade (UBS = 100, PP = 1). The species status of L. fasciculovesiculiferum is supported in all partitions created by ASAP (Suppl. material 7).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7F4CD511A0C2527A87D6A37635AC8D53	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Song, Wen-Long;Jiang, Zi-Qiong;Li, Min;Leontyev, Dmytro;Gao, Yang;Chen, Shuang-Lin	Song, Wen-Long, Jiang, Zi-Qiong, Li, Min, Leontyev, Dmytro, Gao, Yang, Chen, Shuang-Lin (2025): Comprehensive revision of Lycogala (Myxomycetes) in subtropical China: morphological and phylogenetic insights and ten new species. IMA Fungus 16: e 147535, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.147535
D06E554B1B7150C4A0A3D607FECA6F18.text	D06E554B1B7150C4A0A3D607FECA6F18.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lycogala flavofuscum (Ehrenb.) Rostaf.	<div><p>Lycogala flavofuscum (Ehrenb.) Rostaf., in Fuckel, Jahrb. Nassauischen Vereins Naturk. 27–28: 68 (1873)</p><p>Specimen examined.</p><p>NA.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Widely distributed worldwide.</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Lycogala flavofuscum has been recorded in Jiangsu Province and Hunan Province in subtropical China (Li et al. 2008). However, no relevant physical specimens were obtained in this study. This species represents a rare case where morphological data alone may be sufficient for reliable identification. Nevertheless, considering the unprecedented hidden diversity of the Lycogala species, further confirmation is needed to determine whether subtropical China truly possesses this species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D06E554B1B7150C4A0A3D607FECA6F18	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Song, Wen-Long;Jiang, Zi-Qiong;Li, Min;Leontyev, Dmytro;Gao, Yang;Chen, Shuang-Lin	Song, Wen-Long, Jiang, Zi-Qiong, Li, Min, Leontyev, Dmytro, Gao, Yang, Chen, Shuang-Lin (2025): Comprehensive revision of Lycogala (Myxomycetes) in subtropical China: morphological and phylogenetic insights and ten new species. IMA Fungus 16: e 147535, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.147535
CEDB4475F7875EAB85BF326D20FC3D77.text	CEDB4475F7875EAB85BF326D20FC3D77.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lycogala fossiculatum Leontyev, C. Rojas, T. van der Heul, Kochergina & Schnittler 2023	<div><p>Lycogala fossiculatum Leontyev, C. Rojas, T. van der Heul, Kochergina &amp; Schnittler, in Leontyev, Ishchenko &amp; Schnittler, Mycologia 115 (4): 542 (2023)</p><p>Fig. 8</p><p>Specimen examined.</p><p>CHINA • Jiangsu Province: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=118.8761&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.0622" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 118.8761/lat 32.0622)">Zijin Mountain National Forest Park</a>, 32.0622°N, 118.8761°E, on rotten wood, 18 Jul 2024, collected by Wen-Long Song, Ya-Jing Chen, and Qian Meng (HFNNU 10817) . • Jiangxi Province: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=114.6127&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.5208" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 114.6127/lat 28.5208)">Guan Mountain National Nature Reserve</a>, 28.5208°N, 114.6127°E, on rotten wood, 13 Sep 2024, collected by Xiao-Dong Liu and Yang Gao (HFNNU 11190) ; • <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=114.6315&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.5464" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 114.6315/lat 28.5464)">Guan Mountain National Nature Reserve</a>, 28.5464°N, 114.6315°E, on rotten wood, 8 Aug 2024, collected by Xiao-Dong Liu and Yang Gao (HFNNU 11191) .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Ukraine, Australia, Costa Rica (Leontyev et al. 2023 b), Norway (Johannesen and Vetlesen 2024), and China (this study).</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Lycogala fossiculatum is recorded in China for the first time. The main characteristics of this species are large and dark brown sporocarps, accreted peridial vesicles 20–50 μm in diameter, which are rounded, light brownish under TL, filled with spherical oil droplets, and light pinkish-gray or light salmon-gray fresh spore mass (Leontyev et al. 2023 b). The specimens observed in this study showed slight differences from the original description: the oil droplets in the vesicles are smaller and pigmented with reddish tints, while the spore ornamentation looks somewhat denser (Fig. 8 K). However, two-gene phylogenetic analysis (Fig. 2) showed that Chinese specimens (HFNNU 10817, HFNNU 11190, and HFNNU 11191) cluster together with L. fossiculatum (CWP 4170, TWDH 552.0, USJ 7502, USJ 7513, and USJ 7518) with strong support (UBS = 100, PP = 1). Therefore, combining morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis (Fig. 2), we can identify our collections as L. fossiculatum .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CEDB4475F7875EAB85BF326D20FC3D77	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Song, Wen-Long;Jiang, Zi-Qiong;Li, Min;Leontyev, Dmytro;Gao, Yang;Chen, Shuang-Lin	Song, Wen-Long, Jiang, Zi-Qiong, Li, Min, Leontyev, Dmytro, Gao, Yang, Chen, Shuang-Lin (2025): Comprehensive revision of Lycogala (Myxomycetes) in subtropical China: morphological and phylogenetic insights and ten new species. IMA Fungus 16: e 147535, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.147535
0F17DDF3365156E5A309387B6D7D852D.text	0F17DDF3365156E5A309387B6D7D852D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lycogala helvolum W. L. Song & Shuang L. Chen 2025	<div><p>Lycogala helvolum W. L. Song &amp; Shuang L. Chen sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 9</p><p>GenBank accession numbers.</p><p>PQ 685930 (SSU).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Helvus (Latin) light yellowish-brown, tawny, pale ochre, referring to the color of the outer surface of the peridium.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Differs from L. aggregatum by yellow with ochraceous undertones or darker peridium, larger peridial vesicles (109 –) 132–159 (– 185) μm in diameter, and capillitium decorated with dense reticulum.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Sporocarps scattered, more or less spherical, 1.6–2.3 mm in diameter. Peridium relatively thick and hard, yellow with ochraceous undertones or darker, covered with vesicle aggregates that form small spines as seen from the side. The inner surface of the peridium decorated with unevenly distributed small warts. Vesicles (109 –) 132–159 (– 185) μm in diameter, black under RL, deep warm brown or darker under TL, angular from mutual pressure, clustered in rounded, nearly opaque aggregates, with 5–7 vesicles across the group, vesicle walls rather indistinct. Crystals and Oil droplets not observed. Capillitium (3.4 –) 4.3–5.6 (– 6.8) μm in diameter, with wavy contour, but no bracelet-like rings, ornamented with dense reticulum of warts and pits, free ends are swallowed. Spore mass in old collections gold or beeswax yellow, hyaline under TL, (4.3 –) 5.5–6.3 (– 6.7) μm in diameter, reticulate, with 5–7 meshes across diameter, unornamented area occupies 1 / 4 of the spore surface. Plasmodium unknown.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Currently known only from China.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>On rotten wood.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>CHINA • Zhejiang Province: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=119.4481&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.3439" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 119.4481/lat 30.3439)">Tianmu Mountain National Nature Reserve</a>, 30.3439°N, 119.4481°E, on rotten wood, 17 Jun 2024, collected by Wen-Long Song and Ya-Jing Chen (HFNNU 10835).</p><p>Additional specimens examined.</p><p>CHINA • Jiangsu Province: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=118.8596&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.0868" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 118.8596/lat 32.0868)">Zijin Mountain National Forest Park</a>, 32.0868°N, 118.8596°E, on rotten wood, 20 Jul 2024, collected by Wen-Long Song, Qian Meng, and Ya-Jing Chen (HFNNU 10836) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>The rosette-like aggregation of peridial vesicles, small capillitium diameter, small spore size, and similar density of spore ornamentation place L. helvolum close to L. aggregatum . These two species are also closely related (Fig. 2). However, the following characteristics allow us to distinguish them. (i) Peridial vesicles. Lycogala helvolum has larger peridial vesicles, (109 –) 132–159 (– 185) μm in diameter, with 5–7 vesicles across clusters. In L. aggregatum the vesicle diameter is 10–100 μm, their groups contain only 1–3 vesicles across diameter. (ii) Capillitium. The capillitium of L. helvolum is ornamented by rounded pits, and possesses bulbous free ends, while the capillitium of L. aggregatum may also be covered by large (1–3 μm) rings. Morphological differences between L. helvolum and Lycogala uviforme are described in Notes for the latter species. From a phylogenetic perspective based on SSU and COI sequences (Fig. 2), the two specimens representing L. helvolum form a sister clade to L. aggregatum with strong statistical support (UBS = 100, PP = 1). The interspecific genetic distance between L. helvolum and L. aggregatum, measured based on SSU sequences, is 0.20. The separation of L. helvolum is supported in 8 of 10 partitions created by ASAP (Suppl. material 7).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0F17DDF3365156E5A309387B6D7D852D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Song, Wen-Long;Jiang, Zi-Qiong;Li, Min;Leontyev, Dmytro;Gao, Yang;Chen, Shuang-Lin	Song, Wen-Long, Jiang, Zi-Qiong, Li, Min, Leontyev, Dmytro, Gao, Yang, Chen, Shuang-Lin (2025): Comprehensive revision of Lycogala (Myxomycetes) in subtropical China: morphological and phylogenetic insights and ten new species. IMA Fungus 16: e 147535, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.147535
0F16772687B6594F8FCE5DDC35CB713A.text	0F16772687B6594F8FCE5DDC35CB713A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lycogala indirubinum W. L. Song & Shuang L. Chen 2025	<div><p>Lycogala indirubinum W. L. Song &amp; Shuang L. Chen sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 10</p><p>GenBank accession numbers.</p><p>PQ 685936 (SSU) and PQ 728393 (COI).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Indigorubin, based on indigo (Greek), blue color from India, and rubinum (Latin) ruby-colored, referring to the indigorubin (bluish-purple) tint of the outer surface of the peridium.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Differs from L. aggregatum by almost free thick-walled peridial vesicles and purple tint in pigmentation of sporocarp.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Sporocarps scattered, spherical, short horizontally oval, or irregular, 2.0–5.0 mm in diameter. Peridium thin, membranous, indigorubin (bluish-purple) or lighter, with dense vesicle cover, making it almost black. The inner surface of the peridium is nearly smooth, with only few small warts. Peridial vesicles appear almost black under RL, muted olive-brown or lighter, (78 –) 106–128 (– 158) μm in diameter, irregularly ovoid, isodiametric, mostly solitary but densely distributed and closely adjoining. Oil droplets in form of amorphous granular matter or large vesicles, which occupy 1 / 3–1 / 2 or vesicle space. Crystals absent. Capillitium (3.7 –) 5.0–10.0 (– 21.8) μm in diameter, variable, either completely smooth, or ornamented with large ring-like islets, or densely covered with small pits, thinner tubules are mainly smooth and significantly enlarged to the end, while thicker tubules are mostly covered with pits and their ends are not swollen. Spore mass in old collections yellow with ochraceous undertones or darker, hyaline under TL, (4.8 –) 5.7–6.3 (– 7.3) μm in diameter, reticulate, with 4–6 meshes across diameter, unornamented area occupies 1 / 4 of the spore surface. Plasmodium unknown.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Currently known only from China.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>On rotten wood.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>CHINA • Hubei Province: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=110.5666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.0893" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 110.5666/lat 30.0893)">Houhe National Nature Reserve</a>, 30.0893°N, 110.5666°E, on rotten wood, 17 Oct 2019, collected by Min Li (HFNNU 11270).</p><p>Additional specimens examined.</p><p>CHINA • Chongqing City: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=107.1529&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.047" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 107.1529/lat 29.047)">Jinfo Mountain National Nature Reserve</a>, 29.0470°N, 107.1529°E, on rotten wood, 14 Aug 223, collected by Shu-Zhen Yan and Shuang-Lin Chen (HFNNU 11282) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Fine and nearly smooth capillitium distinguishes L. indirubinum from most Lycogala species. A similar capillitium also appears in L. exiguum, which, however, has densely aggregated peridial vesicles. Nearly black sporocarps, as well as dark solitary vesicles, make L. indirubinum similar to L. maculatum . However, in the latter species, the capillitium is ornamented with regular bracelet-like thickenings, vesicles do not contain abundant oil, and the peridium lacks the purple indirubin tint. From a phylogenetic perspective (Fig. 2), L. indirubinum forms a separate clade (UBS = 100, PP = 1) sister to L. epidendrum, L. maculatum, L. projectum, and L. irregulare (UBS = 86, PP = 1). The interspecific genetic distance between L. indirubinum and L. epidendrum, measured for SSU sequences, is 0.20. The separation of L. indirubinum is supported in all partitions created by ASAP (Suppl. material 7).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0F16772687B6594F8FCE5DDC35CB713A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Song, Wen-Long;Jiang, Zi-Qiong;Li, Min;Leontyev, Dmytro;Gao, Yang;Chen, Shuang-Lin	Song, Wen-Long, Jiang, Zi-Qiong, Li, Min, Leontyev, Dmytro, Gao, Yang, Chen, Shuang-Lin (2025): Comprehensive revision of Lycogala (Myxomycetes) in subtropical China: morphological and phylogenetic insights and ten new species. IMA Fungus 16: e 147535, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.147535
6921931C96815EDBAC93C590CED7B32D.text	6921931C96815EDBAC93C590CED7B32D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lycogala irregulare Leontyev, Schnittler, Ishchenko & G. Konstantinides	<div><p>Lycogala irregulare Leontyev, Schnittler, Ishchenko &amp; G. Konstantinides, in Leontyev, Ishchenko &amp; Schnittler, Mycologia 115 (4): 529 (2023)</p><p>Specimen examined.</p><p>NA.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Ukraine, Russia, Belarus, Germany, Greece (Leontyev et al. 2023 b), Norway (Johannesen and Vetlesen 2024), and China (Song et al. 2024 b).</p><p>Notes.</p><p>This species was reported from Tiantangzhai National Forest Park, Anhui Province by Song et al. (2024 b).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6921931C96815EDBAC93C590CED7B32D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Song, Wen-Long;Jiang, Zi-Qiong;Li, Min;Leontyev, Dmytro;Gao, Yang;Chen, Shuang-Lin	Song, Wen-Long, Jiang, Zi-Qiong, Li, Min, Leontyev, Dmytro, Gao, Yang, Chen, Shuang-Lin (2025): Comprehensive revision of Lycogala (Myxomycetes) in subtropical China: morphological and phylogenetic insights and ten new species. IMA Fungus 16: e 147535, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.147535
9684C82224CF5117BE2D9AE4D041F8B4.text	9684C82224CF5117BE2D9AE4D041F8B4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lycogala maculatum Leontyev, Schnittler & Ishchenko 2023	<div><p>Lycogala maculatum Leontyev, Schnittler &amp; Ishchenko, in Leontyev, Ishchenko &amp; Schnittler, Mycologia 115 (4): 527 (2023)</p><p>Specimen examined.</p><p>CHINA • Jiangxi Province: Guan Mountain National Nature Reserve, on rotten wood, 12 Sep 2024, collected by Xiao-Dong Liu and Yang Gao (HFNNU 11167) ; • Guan Mountain National Nature Reserve, on rotten wood, 12 Sep 2024, collected by Xiao-Dong Liu and Yang Gao (HFNNU 11168) ; • Wuyi Mountain National Park, on rotten wood, 31 Jul 2023, collected by Yang Gao (HFNNU 11174) ; • Wuyi Mountain National Park, on rotten wood, 31 Jul 2023, collected by Yang Gao (HFNNU 11175) ; • Guan Mountain National Nature Reserve, on rotten wood, 24 Aug 2020, collected by Xiao-Dong Liu and Yang Gao (HFNNU 11188) ; • Guan Mountain National Nature Reserve, on rotten wood, 24 Aug 2020, collected by Xiao-Dong Liu and Yang Gao (HFNNU 11189) ; • Qiyun Mountain National Nature Reserve, on rotten wood, 2 Jul 2024, collected by Yang Gao (HFNNU 11193) ; • Qiyun Mountain National Nature Reserve, on rotten wood, 2 Jul 2024, collected by Yang Gao (HFNNU 11194) ; • <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=115.976&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.5589" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 115.976/lat 29.5589)">Lu Mountain National Nature Reserve</a>, 29.5589°N, 115.9760°E, on rotten wood, 16 Jul 2022, collected by Yang Gao (HFNNU 11195) ; • <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=116.003&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.5682" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 116.003/lat 29.5682)">Lu Mountain National Nature Reserve</a>, 29.5682°N, 116.0030°E, on rotten wood, 16 Jul 2022, collected by Yang Gao (HFNNU 11196) ; • <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=114.6326&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.5428" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 114.6326/lat 28.5428)">Guan Mountain National Nature Reserve</a>, 28.5428°N, 114.6326°E, on rotten wood, 7 Aug 2024, collected by Xiao-Dong Liu (HFNNU 11222) . • Guizhou Province: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=106.6771&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.6622" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 106.6771/lat 26.6622)">Changpoling National Nature Reserve</a>, 26.6622°N, 106.6771°E, on rotten wood, 20 Aug 2023, collected by Yang Gao (HFNNU 11250) ; • <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=106.6879&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.6658" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 106.6879/lat 26.6658)">Changpoling National Nature Reserve</a>, 26.6658°N, 106.6879°E, on rotten wood, 20 Aug 2023, collected by Yang Gao (HFNNU 11251) .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Ukraine, Russia, Vietnam, Germany (Leontyev et al. 2023 b), Belarus (Leontyev et al. 2023 b; Leontyev et al. 2024), Norway (Johannesen and Vetlesen 2024), and China (Leontyev et al. 2023 b, and this study).</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Lycogala maculatum was separated from L. epidendrum complex based on morphological characteristics and two-gene phylogenetic analysis (SSU and COI) by Leontyev et al. (2023 a, b). The first record of L. maculatum in China was in Shunhuang Mountain National Forest Park, Hunan Province (Leontyev et al. 2023 b). In this study, we provide new data on the distribution of this species in China, including Jiangxi Province and Guizhou Province (Table 1). Peridium in this species is covered with large, solitary, dark brown vesicles and is often dark itself (Leontyev et al. 2023 b). Compared to similar species, L. alisaulianovae and Lycogala roseosporum, the color of the spore mass of L. maculatum is gray, later warm gray, in old specimens yellowish-gray (Leontyev et al. 2023 b), while the color of the spore mass of L. alisaulianovae and L. roseosporum is bright pink and bluish, respectively. In our material, the color of the spore mass of L. maculatum sometimes appeared rather bright pink, although not as saturated as in L. roseosporum . Therefore, the range of variation of the color of the spore mass in L. maculatum needs further exploration.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9684C82224CF5117BE2D9AE4D041F8B4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Song, Wen-Long;Jiang, Zi-Qiong;Li, Min;Leontyev, Dmytro;Gao, Yang;Chen, Shuang-Lin	Song, Wen-Long, Jiang, Zi-Qiong, Li, Min, Leontyev, Dmytro, Gao, Yang, Chen, Shuang-Lin (2025): Comprehensive revision of Lycogala (Myxomycetes) in subtropical China: morphological and phylogenetic insights and ten new species. IMA Fungus 16: e 147535, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.147535
282F5BB1BAE25BE286F83896751305C5.text	282F5BB1BAE25BE286F83896751305C5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lycogala nigrum W. L. Song & Shuang L. Chen 2025	<div><p>Lycogala nigrum W. L. Song &amp; Shuang L. Chen sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 11</p><p>GenBank accession numbers.</p><p>PQ 685932 (SSU).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Niger (Latin) black, referring to very dark, opaque peridial vesicles.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Differs from all other species in the genus by possessing peridial vesicles that appear black and opaque under transmitted light.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Sporocarps scattered, spherical, short horizontally oval, sometimes deformed by mutual pressure, 1.7–3.7 mm in diameter. Peridium membranous, thin, yellowish brown with olivaceous tones or lighter under RL, with dense vesicle cover, giving a nearly black appearance, the dehiscence area at the top of sporocarp conspicuous, free of vesicles, irregular in shape. The inner peridial surface smooth or covered with scattered warts. Vesicles black under RL, dark under TL, (117.6 –) 161.7–237.8 (– 269.2) μm in diameter, isodiametric, irregularly polygonal, solitary, but densely distributed. Oil droplets present, large or small, irregular in shape, reddish, concentrated in the central part of vesicles. Capillitium tubular, hyaline under TL, (5.1 –) 5.3–9.1 (– 19.8) μm in diameter, with smooth or somewhat wavy contour and no bracelet-like thickening, the surface of the thread is decorated with small warts and pits, and occasional ling-like islets, visible under TL and SEM. Spore mass in old collections yellow with ochraceous undertones or darker, hyaline under TL, (5.7 –) 6.0–6.2 (– 6.4) μm in diameter, reticulate, with 6–7 meshes across diameter, unornamented area occupies 1 / 4 of the spore surface. Plasmodium unknown.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Currently known only from China.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>On rotten wood.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>CHINA • Jiangsu Province: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=118.8761&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.0628" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 118.8761/lat 32.0628)">Zijin Mountain National Forest Park</a>, 32.0628°N, 118.8761°E, on rotten wood, 10 Jun 2015, collected by Gao-Wei Wang and Shu-Zhen Yan (HFNNU 11266).</p><p>Additional specimens examined.</p><p>CHINA • Anhui Province: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=118.2071&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.1421" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 118.2071/lat 30.1421)">Huang Mountain National Forest Park</a>, 30.1421°N, 118.2071°E, on rotten wood, 5 Jul 2008, collected by Shuang-Lin Chen (HFNNU 11267) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>To our knowledge, among all 23 described species of Lycogala (Lado 2005–2025), there is not a single species in which vesicles appear black and opaque under TL (Leontyev et al. 2023 b). This makes L. nigrum unique in this regard. From a phylogenetic perspective (Fig. 2), the two specimens representing L. nigrum form a separate clade (UBS = 100, PP = 1) related to L. alisaulianovae and L. roseoporum (UBS = 76). These two species share dark solitary vesicles with L. nigrum, but in both of them these structures are not opaque. The interspecific genetic distance between L. nigrum and the other species in this clade, measured based on SSU sequences, is 0.36. The separation of L. nigrum is supported in all partitions created by ASAP (Suppl. material 7).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/282F5BB1BAE25BE286F83896751305C5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Song, Wen-Long;Jiang, Zi-Qiong;Li, Min;Leontyev, Dmytro;Gao, Yang;Chen, Shuang-Lin	Song, Wen-Long, Jiang, Zi-Qiong, Li, Min, Leontyev, Dmytro, Gao, Yang, Chen, Shuang-Lin (2025): Comprehensive revision of Lycogala (Myxomycetes) in subtropical China: morphological and phylogenetic insights and ten new species. IMA Fungus 16: e 147535, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.147535
7F6435AB7287526AB560C45424A3CCC6.text	7F6435AB7287526AB560C45424A3CCC6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lycogala planovesiculiferum W. L. Song, Z. Q. Jiang & Shuang L. Chen 2025	<div><p>Lycogala planovesiculiferum W. L. Song, Z. Q. Jiang &amp; Shuang L. Chen sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 12</p><p>GenBank accession numbers.</p><p>PQ 685819 (SSU) and PQ 728314 (COI).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Planus (Latin) flat, and vesicula (Latin) vesicle, referring to the flattened vesicles on the outer surface of the peridium.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Differs from L. alisaulianovae and L. roseosporum by light deep warm brown spore mass and small, flat peridial vesicles.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Sporocarps scattered, spherical, short horizontally oval, or somewhat irregular, 1.7–2.9 mm in diameter. Peridium thin, membranous, muted olive-brown or lighter, evenly covered with flattened vesicles. Inner peridial surface smooth or covered with scattered small warts. Vesicles brown under RL, light ochre or lighter, circular, or shuttle-shaped under TL, or 2–3 connected, (51 –) 63–77 (– 104) μm in diameter, containing irregular oil droplets. Capillitium tubular, (4.8 –) 5.7–7.3 (– 13.8) μm in diameter, hyaline under TL, with wavy contour and weak bracelet-like thickenings, free ends more or less swollen. The surface of capillitium ornamented with rather chaotic reticulum of warts and pits, and occasional ring-like islets. Spore mass in old collections rich warm red or lighter, hyaline under TL, (5.9 –) 6.5–6.8 (– 7.1) μm in diameter, reticulate, with 4–5 meshes across diameter, unornamented area occupies 1 / 4 of the spore surface. Plasmodium unknown.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Currently known only from China and Vietnam (Leontyev et al. 2023 a).</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>On rotten wood.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>CHINA • Zhejiang Province: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=119.4562&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.3233" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 119.4562/lat 30.3233)">Tianmu Mountain National Nature Reserve</a>, 30.3233°N, 119.4562°E, on rotten wood, 17 Jun 2024, collected by Wen-Long Song and Ya-Jing Chen (HFNNU 10819).</p><p>Additional specimens examined.</p><p>CHINA • Zhejiang Province: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=119.4466&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.3496" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 119.4466/lat 30.3496)">Tianmu Mountain National Nature Reserve</a>, 30.3496°N, 119.4466°E, on rotten wood, 18 Jun 2024, collected by Wen-Long Song and Ya-Jing Chen (HFNNU 10820) ; • <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=119.4411&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.3469" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 119.4411/lat 30.3469)">Tianmu Mountain National Nature Reserve</a>, 30.3469°N, 119.4411°E, on rotten wood, 18 Jun 2024, collected by Wen-Long Song and Ya-Jing Chen (HFNNU 10821) . • Anhui Province: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=118.193&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.1573" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 118.193/lat 30.1573)">Huang Mountain National Forest Park</a>, 30.1573°N, 118.1930°E, on rotten wood, 5 Jul 2008, collected by Shuang-Lin Chen (HFNNU 11346) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Small sporocarps covered by solitary drop-like vesicles, as well as capillitium decorated with small pits and warts, make L. planovesiculiferum similar to L. alisaulianovae and L. roseosporum . However, these two species have different pigmentation of spore mass, bluish-gray and bright pink, respectively. Vesicles in L. planovesiculiferum are smaller than in both related species (50–105 µm vs. 100–300 µm in L. alisaulianovae and L. roseosporum). From a phylogenetic perspective (Fig. 2), the specimens representing L. planovesiculiferum form a sister group with L. oncoides but with low statistical support. These two species do not seem closely related, since L. oncoides has aggregated oil-containing peridial vesicles. The separation of L. planovesiculiferum is supported in all partitions created by ASAP (Suppl. material 7).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7F6435AB7287526AB560C45424A3CCC6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Song, Wen-Long;Jiang, Zi-Qiong;Li, Min;Leontyev, Dmytro;Gao, Yang;Chen, Shuang-Lin	Song, Wen-Long, Jiang, Zi-Qiong, Li, Min, Leontyev, Dmytro, Gao, Yang, Chen, Shuang-Lin (2025): Comprehensive revision of Lycogala (Myxomycetes) in subtropical China: morphological and phylogenetic insights and ten new species. IMA Fungus 16: e 147535, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.147535
D33F7257BCED58E8B7697597E33FD8D8.text	D33F7257BCED58E8B7697597E33FD8D8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lycogala projectum W. L. Song, Yang Gao & Shuang L. Chen 2025	<div><p>Lycogala projectum W. L. Song, Yang Gao &amp; Shuang L. Chen sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 13</p><p>GenBank accession numbers.</p><p>PQ 685914 (SSU) and PQ 728376 (COI).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Projectum (Latin) projected, jutting out, referring to the vesicles protrude outward from outer surface of the peridium, and forming distinct large spines.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Differs L. maculatum by smaller peridial vesicles, thinner capillitium, and smaller spores.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Sporocarps scattered, spherical, short horizontally oval, or somewhat irregular, 2.3–5.3 mm in diameter. Peridium thick, relatively hard, dried rose or darker, covered by vesicles, which are denser in the upper part. The inner surface of the peridium ornamented with warts, spins, and innumerous parallel lines. Vesicles protrude outward from the surface of the peridium, forming distinct large spines, black under RL, deep warm brown or lighter under TL, solitary, free or occasionally connecting to each other, irregular rounded, (49 –) 66–117 (– 140) μm in diameter. Crystals and oil droplets absent. Capillitium tubular, near hyaline under TL, (2.6 –) 3.0–4.3 (– 5.4) μm in diameter, with prominent, regularly situated, smooth or warty bracelet-like thickening, less obvious near connection between the capillitium and the peridium or at the free end. Free ends of tubules bulbous, reaching 7.4 μm in diameter. Spore mass in old collections yellow with ochraceous undertones or darker, hyaline under TL, (5.0 –) 5.8–6.4 (– 6.7) μm in diameter, reticulate, with 4–6 meshes across diameter, unornamented area occupies 1 / 4–1 / 2 of the spore surface. Plasmodium unknown.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Currently known only from China.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>On rotten wood.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>CHINA • Anhui Province: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=115.7803&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.1584" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 115.7803/lat 31.1584)">Tiantangzhai National Forest Park</a>, on rotten wood, 31.1584°N, 115.7803°E, 26 Jul 2016, collected by Gao-Wei Wang and Yang Gao (HFNNU 11248).</p><p>Additional specimens examined.</p><p>CHINA • Jiangxi Province: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=114.0616&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.6727" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 114.0616/lat 26.6727)">Jinggang Mountain National Nature Reserve</a>, 26.6727°N, 114.0616°E, on rotten wood, 8 Jul 2020, collected by Yang Gao (HFNNU 11247) . • Anhui Province: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=115.7838&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.1532" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 115.7838/lat 31.1532)">Tiantangzhai National Forest Park</a>, 31.1532°N, 115.7838°E, on rotten wood, 26 Jul 2016, collected by Gao-Wei Wang and Yang Gao (HFNNU 11249) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>This species is similar to and closely related to L. maculatum (Leontyev et al. 2023 b) . Both taxa share solitary dark-brown vesicles and prominent bracelet-like thickening on the capillitium tubules. However, the peridial vesicles in L. projectum are somewhat smaller (50–140 μm vs. 100–230 μm), capillitium is thinner (2–5 μm vs. 5–20 μm), spores are smaller ((5.0 –) 5.8–6.4 (– 6.7) μm vs. (6 –) 6.5–8.5 (– 9.5) μm). In addition, the ornamentation of the inner surface of the peridium in L. projectum seems to be unique: it is densely covered by warts, spines, and parallel lines. From a phylogenetic perspective (Fig. 2), L. projectum and L. maculatum form a monophyletic clade with strong statistical support (UBS = 100, PP = 1). The interspecific genetic distance between these two species, measured for SSU sequences, is 0.15. The separation of L. projectum is supported in 8 of 10 partitions created by ASAP (Suppl. material 7).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D33F7257BCED58E8B7697597E33FD8D8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Song, Wen-Long;Jiang, Zi-Qiong;Li, Min;Leontyev, Dmytro;Gao, Yang;Chen, Shuang-Lin	Song, Wen-Long, Jiang, Zi-Qiong, Li, Min, Leontyev, Dmytro, Gao, Yang, Chen, Shuang-Lin (2025): Comprehensive revision of Lycogala (Myxomycetes) in subtropical China: morphological and phylogenetic insights and ten new species. IMA Fungus 16: e 147535, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.147535
2E33B45359B25733818E0DDE538E0DC5.text	2E33B45359B25733818E0DDE538E0DC5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lycogala skovorodaense Leontyev, Schnittler & Ishchenko 2023	<div><p>Lycogala skovorodaense Leontyev, Schnittler &amp; Ishchenko, in Leontyev, Ishchenko &amp; Schnittler, Mycologia 115 (4): 542 (2023)</p><p>Fig. 14</p><p>Specimen examined.</p><p>CHINA • Zhejiang Province: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=119.4543&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.3299" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 119.4543/lat 30.3299)">Tianmu Mountain National Reserve</a>, 30.3299°N, 119.4543°E, on rotten wood, 18 Jun 2024, collected by Wen-Long Song and Ya-Jing Chen (HFNNU 9993) . • Jiangsu Province: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=118.8444&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.0806" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 118.8444/lat 32.0806)">Zijin Mountain National Forest Park</a>, 32.0806°N, 118.8444°E, on rotten wood, 20 Jul 2024, collected by Wen-Long Song, Qian Meng, and Ya-Jing Chen (HFNNU 10815) ; • <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=118.8447&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.0769" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 118.8447/lat 32.0769)">Zijin Mountain National Forest Park</a>, 32.0769°N, 118.8447°E, on rotten wood, 20 Jul 2024, collected by Wen-Long Song, Qian Meng, and Ya-Jing Chen (HFNNU 10816) ; • <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=118.8402&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.0831" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 118.8402/lat 32.0831)">Zijin Mountain National Forest Park</a>, 32.0831°N, 118.8402°E, on rotten wood, 20 Jul 2024, collected by Wen-Long Song, Qian Meng, and Ya-Jing Chen (HFNNU 11225) . • Hubei Province: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=110.5808&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.0808" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 110.5808/lat 30.0808)">Houhe National Nature Reserve</a>, 30.0808°N, 110.5808°E, on rotten wood, 30 Aug 2019, collected by Min Li (HFNNU 11220) .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Ukraine, Russia, Germany (Leontyev et al. 2023 b), and China (this study).</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Lycogala skovorodaense is recorded in China for the first time. The main characteristics of this species are small, dark brown sporocarps, accreted peridial vesicles, forming dense, rounded, rosette-like clusters, as well as oil accumulations in vesicles, the capillitium ornamented by large warts and spines, the spores mass that is gray or warm gray, and the spores with 4–6 meshes across their diameter (Leontyev et al. 2023 b). The Chinese collections show slight differences in capillitium ornamentation compared to the original description (Leontyev et al. 2023 b). We observed two types of ornamentation (Fig. 14 G – I): one containing ridges and clustered warts (Fig. 14 H), and another ornamented with small warts, pits, and irregular ring-like inlets; the latter type is not directly mentioned in the original description. The phylogenetic analysis (Fig. 2) has clustered the Chinese specimens (HFNNU 9993, HFNNU 10815, HFNNU 10816, HFNNU 11220, and HFNNU 11255) with L. skovorodaense (IY 15, CWP 4234, CWP 4169, and sc 27535) with strong support (UBS = 100, PP = 1).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2E33B45359B25733818E0DDE538E0DC5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Song, Wen-Long;Jiang, Zi-Qiong;Li, Min;Leontyev, Dmytro;Gao, Yang;Chen, Shuang-Lin	Song, Wen-Long, Jiang, Zi-Qiong, Li, Min, Leontyev, Dmytro, Gao, Yang, Chen, Shuang-Lin (2025): Comprehensive revision of Lycogala (Myxomycetes) in subtropical China: morphological and phylogenetic insights and ten new species. IMA Fungus 16: e 147535, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.147535
E0C3AB7C95C65E9DA04907F222E982A4.text	E0C3AB7C95C65E9DA04907F222E982A4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lycogala succineum Leontyev & Schnittler 2023	<div><p>Lycogala succineum Leontyev &amp; Schnittler, in Leontyev, Ishchenko &amp; Schnittler, Mycologia 115 (4): 538 (2023)</p><p>Fig. 15</p><p>Specimen examined.</p><p>CHINA • Jiangsu Province: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=118.8678&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.0587" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 118.8678/lat 32.0587)">Zijin Mountain National Forest Park</a>, 32.0587°N, 118.8678°E, on rotten wood, 20 Jul 2024, collected by Wen-Long Song, Qian Meng, and Ling-Xiao Chen (HFNNU 10822) ; • <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=118.8748&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.0623" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 118.8748/lat 32.0623)">Zijin Mountain National Forest Park</a>, 32.0623°N, 118.8748°E, on rotten wood, 18 Jul 2024, collected by Wen-Long Song, Ya-Jing Chen, and Qian Meng (HFNNU 10828) ; • <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=118.8657&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.0594" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 118.8657/lat 32.0594)">Zijin Mountain National Forest Park</a>, 32.0594°N, 118.8657°E, on rotten wood, 20 Jul 2024, collected by Wen-Long Song, Qian Meng, and Ling-Xiao Chen (HFNNU 10833) ; • <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=118.8693&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.0572" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 118.8693/lat 32.0572)">Zijin Mountain National Forest Park</a>, 32.0572°N, 118.8693°E, on rotten wood, 20 Jul 2024, collected by Wen-Long Song, Qian Meng, and Ling-Xiao Chen (HFNNU 10834) . • Henan Province: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=111.9432&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.5129" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 111.9432/lat 33.5129)">Baotianman National Nature Reserve</a>, 33.5129°N, 111.9432°E, on rotten wood, 23 Jul 2016, collected by Yang Gao and Gao-Wei Wang (HFNNU 11166) ; • <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=111.9399&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.5152" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 111.9399/lat 33.5152)">Baotianman National Nature Reserve</a>, 33.5152°N, 111.9399°E, on rotten wood, 23 Jul 2016, collected by Yang Gao and Gao-Wei Wang (HFNNU 11200) .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Ukraine, Germany (Leontyev et al. 2023 b), Belarus (Leontyev et al. 2023 b; Leontyev et al. 2024), Norway (Leontyev et al. 2023 b; Johannesen and Vetlesen 2024), and China (this study).</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Lycogala succineum is recorded in China for the first time. The main characteristics of this species are medium-sized, rufous beige sporocarps, the vesicles, which are loosely and evenly distributed, solitary, rounded, amber-yellow peridial, and the spore mass, which is light pinkish-gray or light salmon-gray. The Chinese collections fit well with the original description of L. succineum (Leontyev et al. 2023 b) . Subtle differences include the ornamentation of capillitium, which does not possess regular bracelet-like thickenings, as stated in the original description, and the presence of small spines on the surface. However, these differences do not appear significant (see fig. 10 H, K in Leontyev et al. 2023 b). From the perspective of phylogenetic analysis (Fig. 2), Chinese specimens of L. succineum (HFNNU 10822, HFNNU 10828, HFNNU 10833, HFNNU 10834, HFNNU 11166, and HFNNU 11200) cluster together with other specimens of L. succineum (UBS = 100, PP = 1).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E0C3AB7C95C65E9DA04907F222E982A4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Song, Wen-Long;Jiang, Zi-Qiong;Li, Min;Leontyev, Dmytro;Gao, Yang;Chen, Shuang-Lin	Song, Wen-Long, Jiang, Zi-Qiong, Li, Min, Leontyev, Dmytro, Gao, Yang, Chen, Shuang-Lin (2025): Comprehensive revision of Lycogala (Myxomycetes) in subtropical China: morphological and phylogenetic insights and ten new species. IMA Fungus 16: e 147535, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.147535
36C011C6FC3E592997D758752B100022.text	36C011C6FC3E592997D758752B100022.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lycogala uviforme W. L. Song, Yang Gao & Shuang L. Chen, Leontyev & Z. Edwards 2025	<div><p>Lycogala uviforme W. L. Song, Yang Gao &amp; Shuang L. Chen, Leontyev &amp; Z. Edwards sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 16</p><p>GenBank accession numbers.</p><p>PQ 685905 (SSU).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Uva (Latin) bunch of grapes, referring to the aggregation of peridial vesicles.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Differs from L. botrydium by sporocarps more or less regular in shape, covered with dark brown reticulum of aggregated vesicles, by thick and distinguishable vesicle walls, and by capillitium densely ornamented by pits, forming a prominent reticulate pattern.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Sporocarps scattered, spherical or slightly ovoid, 1.4–2.9 mm in diameter. Peridium relatively thick, deep warm brown, covered by vesicles that form a dense dark reticulum, through the gaps of which the lighter peridium is visible. The inner surface of the peridium is smooth. Vesicles under RL matt, dark grayish-brown, under TL deep warm brown, ovoid, angular by mutual pressure, (55 –) 60–85 (– 100) μm in diameter, clustered in elongate, ovoid to fusiform aggregates with 2–5 vesicles across the group, often merged to form a reticulum. Vesicle walls conspicuous, rather thick (2–5 µm). Crystals absent. Oil droplets numerous, irregular in shape, filling up to half of the vesicles space. Capillitium tubular, hyaline under TL, (3.7 –) 4.5–6.3 (– 9.5) μm in diameter, with smooth contours, densely ornamented by numerous pits, which form a prominent reticulate pattern, better visible under SEM. Spore mass in old collections light yellow with ochraceous undertones, hyaline under TL, (5.5 –) 5.7–6.0 (– 6.3) μm in diameter, reticulate, with 5–7 meshes across diameter, unornamented area occupies 1 / 4–1 / 2 of the spore surface. Plasmodium unknown.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Currently known only from China and USA.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>On rotten wood.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>CHINA • Hubei Province: Xingshan County, on rotten wood, 24 Jun 2017, collected by Yang Gao (HFNNU 11239).</p><p>Additional specimens examined.</p><p>CHINA • Jiangsu Province: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=118.6341&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.1191" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 118.6341/lat 32.1191)">Lao Mountain National Forest Park</a>, 32.1191°N, 118.6341°E, on rotten wood, 24 Jul 2015, collected by Yang Gao (HFNNU 11240) . • Hubei Province: Xingshan County, on rotten wood, 24 Jun 2017, collected by Yang Gao (HFNNU 11241) . • Jiangxi Province: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=115.9941&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.5669" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 115.9941/lat 29.5669)">Lu Mountain National Nature Reserve</a>, 29.5669°N, 115.9941°E, on rotten wood, 16 Jul 2022, collected by Yang Gao (HFNNU 11242) . • USA. Maine: Cumberland County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.6056&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.6906" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.6056/lat 43.6906)">environs of Standish, in conifer area within mixed hardwood</a>, 43.6906°N, 70.6056°W, on dead, barkless hardwood log, 24 Jul 2023, collected by Zachariah Edwards (ZachEdw 1) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Lycogala uviforme is similar to and phylogenetically related to L. botrydium (Leontyev et al. 2023 b), sharing dense ornamentation of the peridium by vesicle aggregates, their fusiform shape, brown pigmentation, and abundant oil content. However, the peridial vesicles of L. botrydium have thin, nearly invisible vesicle walls, while in L. uviforme they are thick and conspicuous. Sporocarps of L. botrydium are irregular in shape and somewhat flattened, while in L. uviforme, they are spherical or slightly ovoid. The vesicle ornamentation is clearly reticulate in L. uviforme and rather spotted in L. botrydium . In addition, the capillitium of L. botrydium is fine-pitted and warty, with ring-shaped islets, while in L. uviforme it is covered with larger pits, giving a reticulate appearance to its surface. From the phylogenetic perspective (Fig. 2), L. uviforme and L. botrydium form a monophyletic group that received strong support (UBS = 100, PP = 1). The interspecific genetic distance between these species, measured for SSU sequences, is 0.17. The separation of L. uviforme is supported in 8 of 10 partitions created by ASAP (Suppl. material 7).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/36C011C6FC3E592997D758752B100022	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Song, Wen-Long;Jiang, Zi-Qiong;Li, Min;Leontyev, Dmytro;Gao, Yang;Chen, Shuang-Lin	Song, Wen-Long, Jiang, Zi-Qiong, Li, Min, Leontyev, Dmytro, Gao, Yang, Chen, Shuang-Lin (2025): Comprehensive revision of Lycogala (Myxomycetes) in subtropical China: morphological and phylogenetic insights and ten new species. IMA Fungus 16: e 147535, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.147535
