taxonID	type	format	identifier	references	title	description	created	creator	contributor	publisher	audience	source	license	rightsHolder	datasetID
E96BD8502F0B54A78E2E351AA8552A35.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349196	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figure5	Figure 5. Sphyracephala babadjanidesi, eye span plotted against body length. Most data points were supplied by A. Stojanović (NHMBEO). These Serbian data were also used by Simova-Tošić and Stojanović (2000). Data points for two Azerbaijan flies are marked in blue, while data points of four Hungarian flies are marked in black and white.	Figure 5. Sphyracephala babadjanidesi, eye span plotted against body length. Most data points were supplied by A. Stojanović (NHMBEO). These Serbian data were also used by Simova-Tošić and Stojanović (2000). Data points for two Azerbaijan flies are marked in blue, while data points of four Hungarian flies are marked in black and white.	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
E96BD8502F0B54A78E2E351AA8552A35.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349197	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figures6-7	Figures 6, 7. Sphyracephala babadjanidesi, head, anterior view 6 ♀, sw Ganja, Azerbaijan 7 ♀, paratype S. europaea, Szeged, Hungary. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.	Figures 6, 7. Sphyracephala babadjanidesi, head, anterior view 6 ♀, sw Ganja, Azerbaijan 7 ♀, paratype S. europaea, Szeged, Hungary. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
E96BD8502F0B54A78E2E351AA8552A35.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349198	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figures8-11	Figures 8–11. Sphyracephala babadjanidesi 8, 9, 11 ♀, sw Ganja, Azerbaijan 8 habitus, dorsal view 9 habitus, lateral view 10 ♀, paratype S. europaea, abdominal apex with curved cerci, ventral view 11 basiliform prosternum. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (8, 9); 0.2 mm (10); 0.1 mm (11).	Figures 8–11. Sphyracephala babadjanidesi 8, 9, 11 ♀, sw Ganja, Azerbaijan 8 habitus, dorsal view 9 habitus, lateral view 10 ♀, paratype S. europaea, abdominal apex with curved cerci, ventral view 11 basiliform prosternum. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (8, 9); 0.2 mm (10); 0.1 mm (11).	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
E96BD8502F0B54A78E2E351AA8552A35.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349199	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figures12-13	Figures 12, 13. Sphyracephala babadjanidesi, wing 12 ♂, sw Ganja, Azerbaijan 13 ♀, paratype S. europaea, Szeged, Hungary. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.	Figures 12, 13. Sphyracephala babadjanidesi, wing 12 ♂, sw Ganja, Azerbaijan 13 ♀, paratype S. europaea, Szeged, Hungary. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
E96BD8502F0B54A78E2E351AA8552A35.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349200	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figures14-17	Figures 14–17. Sphyracephala babadjanidesi 14, 15 fore femur, inner side 16, 17 fore leg 14 ♀, sw Ganja, Azerbaijan 15 ♀, paratype S. europaea, Szeged, Hungary 16 ♀, outer side, sw Ganja, Azerbaijan 17 ♂, inner side, paratype S. europaea, Szeged, Hungary. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.	Figures 14–17. Sphyracephala babadjanidesi 14, 15 fore femur, inner side 16, 17 fore leg 14 ♀, sw Ganja, Azerbaijan 15 ♀, paratype S. europaea, Szeged, Hungary 16 ♀, outer side, sw Ganja, Azerbaijan 17 ♂, inner side, paratype S. europaea, Szeged, Hungary. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
E96BD8502F0B54A78E2E351AA8552A35.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349201	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figures18-23	Figures 18–23. Sphyracephala babadjanidesi, ♀, sw Ganja, Azerbaijan 18 sternite 1, intersternite 1-2 and sternite 2, ventral view 19 postabdomen, ventral view 20 postabdomen, dorsal view 21 subanal plate, ventral view 22 sclerotised ring 23 spermathecae. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (18); 0.2 mm (19, 20); 0.05 mm (21–23).	Figures 18–23. Sphyracephala babadjanidesi, ♀, sw Ganja, Azerbaijan 18 sternite 1, intersternite 1-2 and sternite 2, ventral view 19 postabdomen, ventral view 20 postabdomen, dorsal view 21 subanal plate, ventral view 22 sclerotised ring 23 spermathecae. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (18); 0.2 mm (19, 20); 0.05 mm (21–23).	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
E96BD8502F0B54A78E2E351AA8552A35.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349202	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figures24-28	Figures 24–28. Sphyracephala babadjanidesi, ♂, sw Ganja, Azerbaijan 24 epandrium, cerci, surstyli, posterior view 25 surstylus, outer view 26 surstylus, inner view 27 ejaculatory apodeme + sac 28 phallapodeme. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (24, 27, 28); 0.05 mm (25, 26).	Figures 24–28. Sphyracephala babadjanidesi, ♂, sw Ganja, Azerbaijan 24 epandrium, cerci, surstyli, posterior view 25 surstylus, outer view 26 surstylus, inner view 27 ejaculatory apodeme + sac 28 phallapodeme. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (24, 27, 28); 0.05 mm (25, 26).	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
E96BD8502F0B54A78E2E351AA8552A35.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349203	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figures29-31	Figures 29–31. Sphyracephala babadjanidesi, live 29 cluster of flies in cleft, Nikopol, Danube River, Bulgaria (photograph © Yordan Kutsarov) 30 three flies, same data as for 29 31 fly showing fore femur, Szeged. Maros River, Hungary (photograph © Walter Pflieger).	Figures 29–31. Sphyracephala babadjanidesi, live 29 cluster of flies in cleft, Nikopol, Danube River, Bulgaria (photograph © Yordan Kutsarov) 30 three flies, same data as for 29 31 fly showing fore femur, Szeged. Maros River, Hungary (photograph © Walter Pflieger).	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
E96BD8502F0B54A78E2E351AA8552A35.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349204	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figure32	Figure 32. Distribution map for records of Sphyracephala babadjanidesi (red dots). The yellow dot indicates the type locality of S. babadjanidesi, while the blue dot indicates the one for S. europaea.	Figure 32. Distribution map for records of Sphyracephala babadjanidesi (red dots). The yellow dot indicates the type locality of S. babadjanidesi, while the blue dot indicates the one for S. europaea.	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
E96BD8502F0B54A78E2E351AA8552A35.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349226	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figure105	Figure 105. Eye span plotted against body length for males of eight Sphyracephala species. A single data point for S. nigrimana is also shown.	Figure 105. Eye span plotted against body length for males of eight Sphyracephala species. A single data point for S. nigrimana is also shown.	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
E96BD8502F0B54A78E2E351AA8552A35.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349227	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figure106	Figure 106. Eye span plotted against body length for females of eight Sphyracephala species. A single data point for S. nigrimana is also shown.	Figure 106. Eye span plotted against body length for females of eight Sphyracephala species. A single data point for S. nigrimana is also shown.	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
E96BD8502F0B54A78E2E351AA8552A35.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349228	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figure107	Figure 107. Geometric morphometric PCA analysis of Sphyracephala wing venation patterns. Grey dots represent landmarks that were placed with the aid of straight (dotted) lines through other landmarks (white dots). Asterisks indicate wings from paratypes of S. europaea (junior synonym of S. babadjanidesi).	Figure 107. Geometric morphometric PCA analysis of Sphyracephala wing venation patterns. Grey dots represent landmarks that were placed with the aid of straight (dotted) lines through other landmarks (white dots). Asterisks indicate wings from paratypes of S. europaea (junior synonym of S. babadjanidesi).	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
E96BD8502F0B54A78E2E351AA8552A35.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349229	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figure108	Figure 108. Hierarchical clustering analysis of principal component scores from the PCA in Fig. 107, using the average clustering method. Branch labels indicate the Approximately Unbiased p-value (AU) and Bootstrap Probability (BP). Asterisks indicate wings from paratypes of S. europaea (junior synonym of S. babadjanidesi).	Figure 108. Hierarchical clustering analysis of principal component scores from the PCA in Fig. 107, using the average clustering method. Branch labels indicate the Approximately Unbiased p-value (AU) and Bootstrap Probability (BP). Asterisks indicate wings from paratypes of S. europaea (junior synonym of S. babadjanidesi).	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
E96BD8502F0B54A78E2E351AA8552A35.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349230	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figure109	Figure 109. Hierarchical clustering analysis of principal component scores from the PCA in Fig. 107, using the complete clustering method. Branch labels indicate the Approximately Unbiased p-value (AU) and Bootstrap Probability (BP). Asterisks indicate wings from paratypes of S. europaea (junior synonym of S. babadjanidesi).	Figure 109. Hierarchical clustering analysis of principal component scores from the PCA in Fig. 107, using the complete clustering method. Branch labels indicate the Approximately Unbiased p-value (AU) and Bootstrap Probability (BP). Asterisks indicate wings from paratypes of S. europaea (junior synonym of S. babadjanidesi).	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
E96BD8502F0B54A78E2E351AA8552A35.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349231	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figures110-112	Figures 110–112. 110 Cladogram of Sphyracephala species groups according to Feijen (1989) 111 preferred maximum likelihood phylogeny of the Sphyracephalinae, based on molecular analysis (Jackson 2019, supplemental figure 1, in slightly adapted form). Numbers at nodes represent Ultrafast Bootstrap supports 112 revised cladogram of Sphyracephala species groups.	Figures 110–112. 110 Cladogram of Sphyracephala species groups according to Feijen (1989) 111 preferred maximum likelihood phylogeny of the Sphyracephalinae, based on molecular analysis (Jackson 2019, supplemental figure 1, in slightly adapted form). Numbers at nodes represent Ultrafast Bootstrap supports 112 revised cladogram of Sphyracephala species groups.	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
4A329B7FCE39584DBC57E93F588E751E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349194	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figures1-2	Figures 1, 2. Prosternum, ventral view 1 basiliform prosternum, ♂, Sphyracephala munroi, Arusha, Tanzania 2 precoxal bridge, ♂, Sphyracephala beccarii, Mboma, DR Congo. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.	Figures 1, 2. Prosternum, ventral view 1 basiliform prosternum, ♂, Sphyracephala munroi, Arusha, Tanzania 2 precoxal bridge, ♂, Sphyracephala beccarii, Mboma, DR Congo. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
4A329B7FCE39584DBC57E93F588E751E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349195	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figures3-4	Figures 3, 4. ♀, sternite 8, ventral view 3 Sphyracephala munroi, Arusha, Tanzania 4 Sphyracephala beccarii, Maputo, Mozambique. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.	Figures 3, 4. ♀, sternite 8, ventral view 3 Sphyracephala munroi, Arusha, Tanzania 4 Sphyracephala beccarii, Maputo, Mozambique. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
4A329B7FCE39584DBC57E93F588E751E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349205	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figures33-36	Figures 33–36. Sphyracephala beccarii 33 live photograph, Mikumi, Tanzania (photograph © Stephen Marshall) 34 ♂, head, anterior view, Wadi Maharish, Saudi Arabia 35 ♀, thorax, lateral view, Mahavelo Forest, Madagascar 36 ♀, thorax, dorsal view, Niamey, Niger. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.	Figures 33–36. Sphyracephala beccarii 33 live photograph, Mikumi, Tanzania (photograph © Stephen Marshall) 34 ♂, head, anterior view, Wadi Maharish, Saudi Arabia 35 ♀, thorax, lateral view, Mahavelo Forest, Madagascar 36 ♀, thorax, dorsal view, Niamey, Niger. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
4A329B7FCE39584DBC57E93F588E751E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349206	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figure37	Figure 37. Sphyracephala beccarii, eye span plotted against body length.	Figure 37. Sphyracephala beccarii, eye span plotted against body length.	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
4A329B7FCE39584DBC57E93F588E751E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349207	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figures38-42	Figures 38–42. Sphyracephala beccarii 38 ♂, wing, Diampwe Malawi 39, 40 ♀, fore femur, Wadi Maharish, Saudi Arabia 39 inner view 40 outer view 41 ♂, Limbe, Malawi, fore leg, inner view 42 ♀, Dedza, Malawi, abdomen, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (38, 41, 42); 0.2 mm (39, 40).	Figures 38–42. Sphyracephala beccarii 38 ♂, wing, Diampwe Malawi 39, 40 ♀, fore femur, Wadi Maharish, Saudi Arabia 39 inner view 40 outer view 41 ♂, Limbe, Malawi, fore leg, inner view 42 ♀, Dedza, Malawi, abdomen, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (38, 41, 42); 0.2 mm (39, 40).	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
4A329B7FCE39584DBC57E93F588E751E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349208	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figures43-47	Figures 43–47. Sphyracephala beccarii, ♀, 43, 44, 47 Maputo. Mozambique, 45, 46 Zomba, Malawi 43 postabdomen, ventral view 44 subanal plate, ventral view 45 tergite 8, 10 and cerci, dorsal view 46 sternites 1 and 2, ventral view 47 spermathecae. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (43, 46); 0.1 mm (44, 45, 47).	Figures 43–47. Sphyracephala beccarii, ♀, 43, 44, 47 Maputo. Mozambique, 45, 46 Zomba, Malawi 43 postabdomen, ventral view 44 subanal plate, ventral view 45 tergite 8, 10 and cerci, dorsal view 46 sternites 1 and 2, ventral view 47 spermathecae. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (43, 46); 0.1 mm (44, 45, 47).	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
4A329B7FCE39584DBC57E93F588E751E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349209	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figures48-53	Figures 48–53. Sphyracephala beccarii, ♂, Diampwe River, Malawi 48 epandrium, cerci, surstyli, posterior view 49 surstylus, outer view 50 surstylus, inner view 51 ejaculatory apodeme and sac 52 phallapodeme 53 syntergosternite 7 + 8, anterodorsal view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.	Figures 48–53. Sphyracephala beccarii, ♂, Diampwe River, Malawi 48 epandrium, cerci, surstyli, posterior view 49 surstylus, outer view 50 surstylus, inner view 51 ejaculatory apodeme and sac 52 phallapodeme 53 syntergosternite 7 + 8, anterodorsal view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
4A329B7FCE39584DBC57E93F588E751E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349226	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figure105	Figure 105. Eye span plotted against body length for males of eight Sphyracephala species. A single data point for S. nigrimana is also shown.	Figure 105. Eye span plotted against body length for males of eight Sphyracephala species. A single data point for S. nigrimana is also shown.	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
4A329B7FCE39584DBC57E93F588E751E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349227	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figure106	Figure 106. Eye span plotted against body length for females of eight Sphyracephala species. A single data point for S. nigrimana is also shown.	Figure 106. Eye span plotted against body length for females of eight Sphyracephala species. A single data point for S. nigrimana is also shown.	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
4A329B7FCE39584DBC57E93F588E751E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349228	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figure107	Figure 107. Geometric morphometric PCA analysis of Sphyracephala wing venation patterns. Grey dots represent landmarks that were placed with the aid of straight (dotted) lines through other landmarks (white dots). Asterisks indicate wings from paratypes of S. europaea (junior synonym of S. babadjanidesi).	Figure 107. Geometric morphometric PCA analysis of Sphyracephala wing venation patterns. Grey dots represent landmarks that were placed with the aid of straight (dotted) lines through other landmarks (white dots). Asterisks indicate wings from paratypes of S. europaea (junior synonym of S. babadjanidesi).	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
4A329B7FCE39584DBC57E93F588E751E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349229	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figure108	Figure 108. Hierarchical clustering analysis of principal component scores from the PCA in Fig. 107, using the average clustering method. Branch labels indicate the Approximately Unbiased p-value (AU) and Bootstrap Probability (BP). Asterisks indicate wings from paratypes of S. europaea (junior synonym of S. babadjanidesi).	Figure 108. Hierarchical clustering analysis of principal component scores from the PCA in Fig. 107, using the average clustering method. Branch labels indicate the Approximately Unbiased p-value (AU) and Bootstrap Probability (BP). Asterisks indicate wings from paratypes of S. europaea (junior synonym of S. babadjanidesi).	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
4A329B7FCE39584DBC57E93F588E751E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349230	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figure109	Figure 109. Hierarchical clustering analysis of principal component scores from the PCA in Fig. 107, using the complete clustering method. Branch labels indicate the Approximately Unbiased p-value (AU) and Bootstrap Probability (BP). Asterisks indicate wings from paratypes of S. europaea (junior synonym of S. babadjanidesi).	Figure 109. Hierarchical clustering analysis of principal component scores from the PCA in Fig. 107, using the complete clustering method. Branch labels indicate the Approximately Unbiased p-value (AU) and Bootstrap Probability (BP). Asterisks indicate wings from paratypes of S. europaea (junior synonym of S. babadjanidesi).	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
4A329B7FCE39584DBC57E93F588E751E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349231	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figures110-112	Figures 110–112. 110 Cladogram of Sphyracephala species groups according to Feijen (1989) 111 preferred maximum likelihood phylogeny of the Sphyracephalinae, based on molecular analysis (Jackson 2019, supplemental figure 1, in slightly adapted form). Numbers at nodes represent Ultrafast Bootstrap supports 112 revised cladogram of Sphyracephala species groups.	Figures 110–112. 110 Cladogram of Sphyracephala species groups according to Feijen (1989) 111 preferred maximum likelihood phylogeny of the Sphyracephalinae, based on molecular analysis (Jackson 2019, supplemental figure 1, in slightly adapted form). Numbers at nodes represent Ultrafast Bootstrap supports 112 revised cladogram of Sphyracephala species groups.	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
4A329B7FCE39584DBC57E93F588E751E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349238	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figures132-133	Figures 132, 133. Sphyracephala hearseiana, Rajasthan, India 132 epandrium, cerci, surstyli, posterior view 133 surstylus, outer view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.	Figures 132, 133. Sphyracephala hearseiana, Rajasthan, India 132 epandrium, cerci, surstyli, posterior view 133 surstylus, outer view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
40BA5D1551B75867BA9005B32AB0F9D0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349228	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figure107	Figure 107. Geometric morphometric PCA analysis of Sphyracephala wing venation patterns. Grey dots represent landmarks that were placed with the aid of straight (dotted) lines through other landmarks (white dots). Asterisks indicate wings from paratypes of S. europaea (junior synonym of S. babadjanidesi).	Figure 107. Geometric morphometric PCA analysis of Sphyracephala wing venation patterns. Grey dots represent landmarks that were placed with the aid of straight (dotted) lines through other landmarks (white dots). Asterisks indicate wings from paratypes of S. europaea (junior synonym of S. babadjanidesi).	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
40BA5D1551B75867BA9005B32AB0F9D0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349229	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figure108	Figure 108. Hierarchical clustering analysis of principal component scores from the PCA in Fig. 107, using the average clustering method. Branch labels indicate the Approximately Unbiased p-value (AU) and Bootstrap Probability (BP). Asterisks indicate wings from paratypes of S. europaea (junior synonym of S. babadjanidesi).	Figure 108. Hierarchical clustering analysis of principal component scores from the PCA in Fig. 107, using the average clustering method. Branch labels indicate the Approximately Unbiased p-value (AU) and Bootstrap Probability (BP). Asterisks indicate wings from paratypes of S. europaea (junior synonym of S. babadjanidesi).	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
40BA5D1551B75867BA9005B32AB0F9D0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349230	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figure109	Figure 109. Hierarchical clustering analysis of principal component scores from the PCA in Fig. 107, using the complete clustering method. Branch labels indicate the Approximately Unbiased p-value (AU) and Bootstrap Probability (BP). Asterisks indicate wings from paratypes of S. europaea (junior synonym of S. babadjanidesi).	Figure 109. Hierarchical clustering analysis of principal component scores from the PCA in Fig. 107, using the complete clustering method. Branch labels indicate the Approximately Unbiased p-value (AU) and Bootstrap Probability (BP). Asterisks indicate wings from paratypes of S. europaea (junior synonym of S. babadjanidesi).	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
40BA5D1551B75867BA9005B32AB0F9D0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349231	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figures110-112	Figures 110–112. 110 Cladogram of Sphyracephala species groups according to Feijen (1989) 111 preferred maximum likelihood phylogeny of the Sphyracephalinae, based on molecular analysis (Jackson 2019, supplemental figure 1, in slightly adapted form). Numbers at nodes represent Ultrafast Bootstrap supports 112 revised cladogram of Sphyracephala species groups.	Figures 110–112. 110 Cladogram of Sphyracephala species groups according to Feijen (1989) 111 preferred maximum likelihood phylogeny of the Sphyracephalinae, based on molecular analysis (Jackson 2019, supplemental figure 1, in slightly adapted form). Numbers at nodes represent Ultrafast Bootstrap supports 112 revised cladogram of Sphyracephala species groups.	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
40BA5D1551B75867BA9005B32AB0F9D0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349241	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figures142-146	Figures 142–146. Sphyracephala bipunctipennis 142 Matale, Sri Lanka (photograph © Amila P. Sumanapala) 143 ♀, Tamil Nadu, India, habitus, dorsal view 144 ♂, paratype, Indiganga, Sri Lanka, habitus, dorsal view 145 ♂, paratype, head, anterior view 146 ♀, paratype, head, anterior view. Scale bar: 1 mm (143, 144); 0.5 mm (145, 146).	Figures 142–146. Sphyracephala bipunctipennis 142 Matale, Sri Lanka (photograph © Amila P. Sumanapala) 143 ♀, Tamil Nadu, India, habitus, dorsal view 144 ♂, paratype, Indiganga, Sri Lanka, habitus, dorsal view 145 ♂, paratype, head, anterior view 146 ♀, paratype, head, anterior view. Scale bar: 1 mm (143, 144); 0.5 mm (145, 146).	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
40BA5D1551B75867BA9005B32AB0F9D0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349242	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figures147-150	Figures 147–150. Sphyracephala bipunctipennis, 147, 149, 150 ♂, paratype, Indiganga, Sri Lanka, 148 ♀, Tamil Nadu, India 147 wing 148 fore femora, lateral view 149 precoxal bridge of prosternum, ventral view 150 abdomen, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm (147); 0.2 mm (148, 150); 0.1 mm (149).	Figures 147–150. Sphyracephala bipunctipennis, 147, 149, 150 ♂, paratype, Indiganga, Sri Lanka, 148 ♀, Tamil Nadu, India 147 wing 148 fore femora, lateral view 149 precoxal bridge of prosternum, ventral view 150 abdomen, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm (147); 0.2 mm (148, 150); 0.1 mm (149).	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
0875BFC4EF8851E2BBC15F65BC8F134C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349221	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figure100	Figure 100. Sphyracephala brevicornis, eye span plotted against body length. Older measurements for S. brevicornis from the 1970 s and 1980 s were also used. These measurements were not elaborated with the required accuracy for allometric studies. However, given the large number of data, the allometric lines obtained could be used, though the R 2 values were rather low. Two data points for S. nigrimana are also presented.	Figure 100. Sphyracephala brevicornis, eye span plotted against body length. Older measurements for S. brevicornis from the 1970 s and 1980 s were also used. These measurements were not elaborated with the required accuracy for allometric studies. However, given the large number of data, the allometric lines obtained could be used, though the R 2 values were rather low. Two data points for S. nigrimana are also presented.	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
0875BFC4EF8851E2BBC15F65BC8F134C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349226	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figure105	Figure 105. Eye span plotted against body length for males of eight Sphyracephala species. A single data point for S. nigrimana is also shown.	Figure 105. Eye span plotted against body length for males of eight Sphyracephala species. A single data point for S. nigrimana is also shown.	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
0875BFC4EF8851E2BBC15F65BC8F134C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349227	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figure106	Figure 106. Eye span plotted against body length for females of eight Sphyracephala species. A single data point for S. nigrimana is also shown.	Figure 106. Eye span plotted against body length for females of eight Sphyracephala species. A single data point for S. nigrimana is also shown.	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
0875BFC4EF8851E2BBC15F65BC8F134C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349228	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figure107	Figure 107. Geometric morphometric PCA analysis of Sphyracephala wing venation patterns. Grey dots represent landmarks that were placed with the aid of straight (dotted) lines through other landmarks (white dots). Asterisks indicate wings from paratypes of S. europaea (junior synonym of S. babadjanidesi).	Figure 107. Geometric morphometric PCA analysis of Sphyracephala wing venation patterns. Grey dots represent landmarks that were placed with the aid of straight (dotted) lines through other landmarks (white dots). Asterisks indicate wings from paratypes of S. europaea (junior synonym of S. babadjanidesi).	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
0875BFC4EF8851E2BBC15F65BC8F134C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349229	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figure108	Figure 108. Hierarchical clustering analysis of principal component scores from the PCA in Fig. 107, using the average clustering method. Branch labels indicate the Approximately Unbiased p-value (AU) and Bootstrap Probability (BP). Asterisks indicate wings from paratypes of S. europaea (junior synonym of S. babadjanidesi).	Figure 108. Hierarchical clustering analysis of principal component scores from the PCA in Fig. 107, using the average clustering method. Branch labels indicate the Approximately Unbiased p-value (AU) and Bootstrap Probability (BP). Asterisks indicate wings from paratypes of S. europaea (junior synonym of S. babadjanidesi).	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
0875BFC4EF8851E2BBC15F65BC8F134C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349230	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figure109	Figure 109. Hierarchical clustering analysis of principal component scores from the PCA in Fig. 107, using the complete clustering method. Branch labels indicate the Approximately Unbiased p-value (AU) and Bootstrap Probability (BP). Asterisks indicate wings from paratypes of S. europaea (junior synonym of S. babadjanidesi).	Figure 109. Hierarchical clustering analysis of principal component scores from the PCA in Fig. 107, using the complete clustering method. Branch labels indicate the Approximately Unbiased p-value (AU) and Bootstrap Probability (BP). Asterisks indicate wings from paratypes of S. europaea (junior synonym of S. babadjanidesi).	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
0875BFC4EF8851E2BBC15F65BC8F134C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349231	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figures110-112	Figures 110–112. 110 Cladogram of Sphyracephala species groups according to Feijen (1989) 111 preferred maximum likelihood phylogeny of the Sphyracephalinae, based on molecular analysis (Jackson 2019, supplemental figure 1, in slightly adapted form). Numbers at nodes represent Ultrafast Bootstrap supports 112 revised cladogram of Sphyracephala species groups.	Figures 110–112. 110 Cladogram of Sphyracephala species groups according to Feijen (1989) 111 preferred maximum likelihood phylogeny of the Sphyracephalinae, based on molecular analysis (Jackson 2019, supplemental figure 1, in slightly adapted form). Numbers at nodes represent Ultrafast Bootstrap supports 112 revised cladogram of Sphyracephala species groups.	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
0875BFC4EF8851E2BBC15F65BC8F134C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349232	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figures113-115	Figures 113–115. Sphyracephala brevicornis, Belmont, U. S. A. 113 ♀, habitus, lateral view 114 ♂, head, anterior view 115 ♀, basiliform prosternum, ventral view. Scale bars: 1 mm (113); 0.2 mm (114, 115).	Figures 113–115. Sphyracephala brevicornis, Belmont, U. S. A. 113 ♀, habitus, lateral view 114 ♂, head, anterior view 115 ♀, basiliform prosternum, ventral view. Scale bars: 1 mm (113); 0.2 mm (114, 115).	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
0875BFC4EF8851E2BBC15F65BC8F134C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349233	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figures116-118	Figures 116–118. Sphyracephala brevicornis, USA 116 ♀, Lewisburg, PA, wing 117 ♂, Belmont, fore femur, outer view 118 ♀, Philadelphia, abdomen, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (116, 118); 0.2 mm (117).	Figures 116–118. Sphyracephala brevicornis, USA 116 ♀, Lewisburg, PA, wing 117 ♂, Belmont, fore femur, outer view 118 ♀, Philadelphia, abdomen, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (116, 118); 0.2 mm (117).	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
6D23E0AA7D8E5A79A676DC04E972399B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349228	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figure107	Figure 107. Geometric morphometric PCA analysis of Sphyracephala wing venation patterns. Grey dots represent landmarks that were placed with the aid of straight (dotted) lines through other landmarks (white dots). Asterisks indicate wings from paratypes of S. europaea (junior synonym of S. babadjanidesi).	Figure 107. Geometric morphometric PCA analysis of Sphyracephala wing venation patterns. Grey dots represent landmarks that were placed with the aid of straight (dotted) lines through other landmarks (white dots). Asterisks indicate wings from paratypes of S. europaea (junior synonym of S. babadjanidesi).	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
6D23E0AA7D8E5A79A676DC04E972399B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349229	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figure108	Figure 108. Hierarchical clustering analysis of principal component scores from the PCA in Fig. 107, using the average clustering method. Branch labels indicate the Approximately Unbiased p-value (AU) and Bootstrap Probability (BP). Asterisks indicate wings from paratypes of S. europaea (junior synonym of S. babadjanidesi).	Figure 108. Hierarchical clustering analysis of principal component scores from the PCA in Fig. 107, using the average clustering method. Branch labels indicate the Approximately Unbiased p-value (AU) and Bootstrap Probability (BP). Asterisks indicate wings from paratypes of S. europaea (junior synonym of S. babadjanidesi).	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
6D23E0AA7D8E5A79A676DC04E972399B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349230	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figure109	Figure 109. Hierarchical clustering analysis of principal component scores from the PCA in Fig. 107, using the complete clustering method. Branch labels indicate the Approximately Unbiased p-value (AU) and Bootstrap Probability (BP). Asterisks indicate wings from paratypes of S. europaea (junior synonym of S. babadjanidesi).	Figure 109. Hierarchical clustering analysis of principal component scores from the PCA in Fig. 107, using the complete clustering method. Branch labels indicate the Approximately Unbiased p-value (AU) and Bootstrap Probability (BP). Asterisks indicate wings from paratypes of S. europaea (junior synonym of S. babadjanidesi).	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
6D23E0AA7D8E5A79A676DC04E972399B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349231	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figures110-112	Figures 110–112. 110 Cladogram of Sphyracephala species groups according to Feijen (1989) 111 preferred maximum likelihood phylogeny of the Sphyracephalinae, based on molecular analysis (Jackson 2019, supplemental figure 1, in slightly adapted form). Numbers at nodes represent Ultrafast Bootstrap supports 112 revised cladogram of Sphyracephala species groups.	Figures 110–112. 110 Cladogram of Sphyracephala species groups according to Feijen (1989) 111 preferred maximum likelihood phylogeny of the Sphyracephalinae, based on molecular analysis (Jackson 2019, supplemental figure 1, in slightly adapted form). Numbers at nodes represent Ultrafast Bootstrap supports 112 revised cladogram of Sphyracephala species groups.	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
6D23E0AA7D8E5A79A676DC04E972399B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349239	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figures134-136	Figures 134–136. Sphyracephala detrahens 134 Donggala, Sulawesi, Indonesia (photograph © Ariyo Prasetyo) 135 ♀, Dumoga, Sulawesi, habitus, dorsal view 136 ♀, holotype, Makassar, Sulawesi, dorsolateral view. Scale bar: 1 mm (135).	Figures 134–136. Sphyracephala detrahens 134 Donggala, Sulawesi, Indonesia (photograph © Ariyo Prasetyo) 135 ♀, Dumoga, Sulawesi, habitus, dorsal view 136 ♀, holotype, Makassar, Sulawesi, dorsolateral view. Scale bar: 1 mm (135).	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
6D23E0AA7D8E5A79A676DC04E972399B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349240	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figures137-141	Figures 137–141. Sphyracephala detrahens, ♀, Dumoga, Sulawesi, Indonesia 137 head, anterior view 138 wing 139 precoxal bridge of prosternum, ventral view 140 fore femur, inner view 141 abdomen, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (137, 138); 0.2 mm (139–141).	Figures 137–141. Sphyracephala detrahens, ♀, Dumoga, Sulawesi, Indonesia 137 head, anterior view 138 wing 139 precoxal bridge of prosternum, ventral view 140 fore femur, inner view 141 abdomen, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (137, 138); 0.2 mm (139–141).	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
75C3DA03D02F5A53857E8458E48EB3F6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349223	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figure102	Figure 102. Sphyracephala hearseiana eye span plotted against body length.	Figure 102. Sphyracephala hearseiana eye span plotted against body length.	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
75C3DA03D02F5A53857E8458E48EB3F6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349226	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figure105	Figure 105. Eye span plotted against body length for males of eight Sphyracephala species. A single data point for S. nigrimana is also shown.	Figure 105. Eye span plotted against body length for males of eight Sphyracephala species. A single data point for S. nigrimana is also shown.	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
75C3DA03D02F5A53857E8458E48EB3F6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349227	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figure106	Figure 106. Eye span plotted against body length for females of eight Sphyracephala species. A single data point for S. nigrimana is also shown.	Figure 106. Eye span plotted against body length for females of eight Sphyracephala species. A single data point for S. nigrimana is also shown.	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
75C3DA03D02F5A53857E8458E48EB3F6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349228	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figure107	Figure 107. Geometric morphometric PCA analysis of Sphyracephala wing venation patterns. Grey dots represent landmarks that were placed with the aid of straight (dotted) lines through other landmarks (white dots). Asterisks indicate wings from paratypes of S. europaea (junior synonym of S. babadjanidesi).	Figure 107. Geometric morphometric PCA analysis of Sphyracephala wing venation patterns. Grey dots represent landmarks that were placed with the aid of straight (dotted) lines through other landmarks (white dots). Asterisks indicate wings from paratypes of S. europaea (junior synonym of S. babadjanidesi).	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
75C3DA03D02F5A53857E8458E48EB3F6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349229	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figure108	Figure 108. Hierarchical clustering analysis of principal component scores from the PCA in Fig. 107, using the average clustering method. Branch labels indicate the Approximately Unbiased p-value (AU) and Bootstrap Probability (BP). Asterisks indicate wings from paratypes of S. europaea (junior synonym of S. babadjanidesi).	Figure 108. Hierarchical clustering analysis of principal component scores from the PCA in Fig. 107, using the average clustering method. Branch labels indicate the Approximately Unbiased p-value (AU) and Bootstrap Probability (BP). Asterisks indicate wings from paratypes of S. europaea (junior synonym of S. babadjanidesi).	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
75C3DA03D02F5A53857E8458E48EB3F6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349230	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figure109	Figure 109. Hierarchical clustering analysis of principal component scores from the PCA in Fig. 107, using the complete clustering method. Branch labels indicate the Approximately Unbiased p-value (AU) and Bootstrap Probability (BP). Asterisks indicate wings from paratypes of S. europaea (junior synonym of S. babadjanidesi).	Figure 109. Hierarchical clustering analysis of principal component scores from the PCA in Fig. 107, using the complete clustering method. Branch labels indicate the Approximately Unbiased p-value (AU) and Bootstrap Probability (BP). Asterisks indicate wings from paratypes of S. europaea (junior synonym of S. babadjanidesi).	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
75C3DA03D02F5A53857E8458E48EB3F6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349231	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figures110-112	Figures 110–112. 110 Cladogram of Sphyracephala species groups according to Feijen (1989) 111 preferred maximum likelihood phylogeny of the Sphyracephalinae, based on molecular analysis (Jackson 2019, supplemental figure 1, in slightly adapted form). Numbers at nodes represent Ultrafast Bootstrap supports 112 revised cladogram of Sphyracephala species groups.	Figures 110–112. 110 Cladogram of Sphyracephala species groups according to Feijen (1989) 111 preferred maximum likelihood phylogeny of the Sphyracephalinae, based on molecular analysis (Jackson 2019, supplemental figure 1, in slightly adapted form). Numbers at nodes represent Ultrafast Bootstrap supports 112 revised cladogram of Sphyracephala species groups.	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
75C3DA03D02F5A53857E8458E48EB3F6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349236	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figures125-127	Figures 125–127. Sphyracephala hearseiana, ♀, 125, 126 Tamil Nadu, India 127 Madhya Pradesh 125 habitus, dorsal view 126 head, anterior view 127 precoxal bridge of prosternum, ventral view. Scale bars: 1 mm (125); 0.5 mm (126); 0.2 mm (127).	Figures 125–127. Sphyracephala hearseiana, ♀, 125, 126 Tamil Nadu, India 127 Madhya Pradesh 125 habitus, dorsal view 126 head, anterior view 127 precoxal bridge of prosternum, ventral view. Scale bars: 1 mm (125); 0.5 mm (126); 0.2 mm (127).	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
75C3DA03D02F5A53857E8458E48EB3F6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349237	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figures128-131	Figures 128–131. Sphyracephala hearseiana, Tamil Nadu, India 128 ♀, wing 129 ♀, fore femur, inner view 130 ♀, fore femur, outer view 131 ♂, abdomen, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (131); 0.2 mm (128–130).	Figures 128–131. Sphyracephala hearseiana, Tamil Nadu, India 128 ♀, wing 129 ♀, fore femur, inner view 130 ♀, fore femur, outer view 131 ♂, abdomen, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (131); 0.2 mm (128–130).	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
75C3DA03D02F5A53857E8458E48EB3F6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349238	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figures132-133	Figures 132, 133. Sphyracephala hearseiana, Rajasthan, India 132 epandrium, cerci, surstyli, posterior view 133 surstylus, outer view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.	Figures 132, 133. Sphyracephala hearseiana, Rajasthan, India 132 epandrium, cerci, surstyli, posterior view 133 surstylus, outer view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
85D699B7165C5DBC9B7DDA561E2AB675.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349194	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figures1-2	Figures 1, 2. Prosternum, ventral view 1 basiliform prosternum, ♂, Sphyracephala munroi, Arusha, Tanzania 2 precoxal bridge, ♂, Sphyracephala beccarii, Mboma, DR Congo. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.	Figures 1, 2. Prosternum, ventral view 1 basiliform prosternum, ♂, Sphyracephala munroi, Arusha, Tanzania 2 precoxal bridge, ♂, Sphyracephala beccarii, Mboma, DR Congo. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
85D699B7165C5DBC9B7DDA561E2AB675.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349195	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figures3-4	Figures 3, 4. ♀, sternite 8, ventral view 3 Sphyracephala munroi, Arusha, Tanzania 4 Sphyracephala beccarii, Maputo, Mozambique. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.	Figures 3, 4. ♀, sternite 8, ventral view 3 Sphyracephala munroi, Arusha, Tanzania 4 Sphyracephala beccarii, Maputo, Mozambique. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
85D699B7165C5DBC9B7DDA561E2AB675.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349210	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figures54-56	Figures 54–56. Sphyracephala munroi, 54, 55 live photographs 54 Arusha N. P., Tanzania (photograph © Donyo Gabriel) 55 Matema, Tanzania (photograph © Martin Grimm) 56 ♀, Arusha, Tanzania, habitus, dorsal view. Scale bar: 1 mm (56).	Figures 54–56. Sphyracephala munroi, 54, 55 live photographs 54 Arusha N. P., Tanzania (photograph © Donyo Gabriel) 55 Matema, Tanzania (photograph © Martin Grimm) 56 ♀, Arusha, Tanzania, habitus, dorsal view. Scale bar: 1 mm (56).	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
85D699B7165C5DBC9B7DDA561E2AB675.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349211	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figures57-59	Figures 57–59. Sphyracephala munroi 57 ♀, head, anterior view, Zomba, Malawi 58 ♂, head, anterior view, Arusha, Tanzania 59 ♀, wing, Arusha. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.	Figures 57–59. Sphyracephala munroi 57 ♀, head, anterior view, Zomba, Malawi 58 ♂, head, anterior view, Arusha, Tanzania 59 ♀, wing, Arusha. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
85D699B7165C5DBC9B7DDA561E2AB675.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349212	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figure60	Figure 60. Sphyracephala munroi, eye span plotted against body length.	Figure 60. Sphyracephala munroi, eye span plotted against body length.	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
85D699B7165C5DBC9B7DDA561E2AB675.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349213	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figures61-65	Figures 61–65. Sphyracephala munroi, ♀, 61, 62 Marangu, Tanzania 63–65 Arusha, Tanzania 61 fore femur, inner view 62 fore femur, outer view 63 fore legs, lateral view 64 abdomen, dorsal view 65 abdomen, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (64, 65); 0.2 mm (61–63).	Figures 61–65. Sphyracephala munroi, ♀, 61, 62 Marangu, Tanzania 63–65 Arusha, Tanzania 61 fore femur, inner view 62 fore femur, outer view 63 fore legs, lateral view 64 abdomen, dorsal view 65 abdomen, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (64, 65); 0.2 mm (61–63).	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
85D699B7165C5DBC9B7DDA561E2AB675.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349214	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figures66-71	Figures 66–71. Sphyracephala munroi, ♀, 66, 68–70 Arusha, Tanzania, 67, 71 Zomba, Malawi 66 postabdomen, ventral view 67 tergite 8, 10 and cerci, dorsal view 68 sclerotised ring 69 subanal plate, ventral view 70 sternite 1, intersternite 1-2 and sternite 2, ventral view 71 spermathecae. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (66, 70); 0.1 mm (67, 69, 71); 0.05 mm (68).	Figures 66–71. Sphyracephala munroi, ♀, 66, 68–70 Arusha, Tanzania, 67, 71 Zomba, Malawi 66 postabdomen, ventral view 67 tergite 8, 10 and cerci, dorsal view 68 sclerotised ring 69 subanal plate, ventral view 70 sternite 1, intersternite 1-2 and sternite 2, ventral view 71 spermathecae. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (66, 70); 0.1 mm (67, 69, 71); 0.05 mm (68).	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
85D699B7165C5DBC9B7DDA561E2AB675.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349215	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figures72-77	Figures 72–77. Sphyracephala munroi, ♂, Zomba, Malawi 72 epandrium, cerci, surstyli, posterior view 73 surstylus, outer view 74 surstylus, inner view 75 ejaculatory apodeme + sac 76 phallapodeme 77 syntergosternite 7 + 8, posterior view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.	Figures 72–77. Sphyracephala munroi, ♂, Zomba, Malawi 72 epandrium, cerci, surstyli, posterior view 73 surstylus, outer view 74 surstylus, inner view 75 ejaculatory apodeme + sac 76 phallapodeme 77 syntergosternite 7 + 8, posterior view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
85D699B7165C5DBC9B7DDA561E2AB675.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349226	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figure105	Figure 105. Eye span plotted against body length for males of eight Sphyracephala species. A single data point for S. nigrimana is also shown.	Figure 105. Eye span plotted against body length for males of eight Sphyracephala species. A single data point for S. nigrimana is also shown.	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
85D699B7165C5DBC9B7DDA561E2AB675.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349227	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figure106	Figure 106. Eye span plotted against body length for females of eight Sphyracephala species. A single data point for S. nigrimana is also shown.	Figure 106. Eye span plotted against body length for females of eight Sphyracephala species. A single data point for S. nigrimana is also shown.	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
85D699B7165C5DBC9B7DDA561E2AB675.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349228	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figure107	Figure 107. Geometric morphometric PCA analysis of Sphyracephala wing venation patterns. Grey dots represent landmarks that were placed with the aid of straight (dotted) lines through other landmarks (white dots). Asterisks indicate wings from paratypes of S. europaea (junior synonym of S. babadjanidesi).	Figure 107. Geometric morphometric PCA analysis of Sphyracephala wing venation patterns. Grey dots represent landmarks that were placed with the aid of straight (dotted) lines through other landmarks (white dots). Asterisks indicate wings from paratypes of S. europaea (junior synonym of S. babadjanidesi).	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
85D699B7165C5DBC9B7DDA561E2AB675.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349229	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figure108	Figure 108. Hierarchical clustering analysis of principal component scores from the PCA in Fig. 107, using the average clustering method. Branch labels indicate the Approximately Unbiased p-value (AU) and Bootstrap Probability (BP). Asterisks indicate wings from paratypes of S. europaea (junior synonym of S. babadjanidesi).	Figure 108. Hierarchical clustering analysis of principal component scores from the PCA in Fig. 107, using the average clustering method. Branch labels indicate the Approximately Unbiased p-value (AU) and Bootstrap Probability (BP). Asterisks indicate wings from paratypes of S. europaea (junior synonym of S. babadjanidesi).	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
85D699B7165C5DBC9B7DDA561E2AB675.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349230	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figure109	Figure 109. Hierarchical clustering analysis of principal component scores from the PCA in Fig. 107, using the complete clustering method. Branch labels indicate the Approximately Unbiased p-value (AU) and Bootstrap Probability (BP). Asterisks indicate wings from paratypes of S. europaea (junior synonym of S. babadjanidesi).	Figure 109. Hierarchical clustering analysis of principal component scores from the PCA in Fig. 107, using the complete clustering method. Branch labels indicate the Approximately Unbiased p-value (AU) and Bootstrap Probability (BP). Asterisks indicate wings from paratypes of S. europaea (junior synonym of S. babadjanidesi).	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
85D699B7165C5DBC9B7DDA561E2AB675.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349231	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figures110-112	Figures 110–112. 110 Cladogram of Sphyracephala species groups according to Feijen (1989) 111 preferred maximum likelihood phylogeny of the Sphyracephalinae, based on molecular analysis (Jackson 2019, supplemental figure 1, in slightly adapted form). Numbers at nodes represent Ultrafast Bootstrap supports 112 revised cladogram of Sphyracephala species groups.	Figures 110–112. 110 Cladogram of Sphyracephala species groups according to Feijen (1989) 111 preferred maximum likelihood phylogeny of the Sphyracephalinae, based on molecular analysis (Jackson 2019, supplemental figure 1, in slightly adapted form). Numbers at nodes represent Ultrafast Bootstrap supports 112 revised cladogram of Sphyracephala species groups.	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
C511DB947BD653C8868D7525FAFC0BA3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349216	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figures78-79	Figures 78, 79. Sphyracephala nigrimana, Kedrovaya Pad, Russia 78 ♀, habitus, dorsolateral view 79 ♂, habitus, ventrolateral view. Scale bars: 1 mm.	Figures 78, 79. Sphyracephala nigrimana, Kedrovaya Pad, Russia 78 ♀, habitus, dorsolateral view 79 ♂, habitus, ventrolateral view. Scale bars: 1 mm.	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
C511DB947BD653C8868D7525FAFC0BA3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349217	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figures80-82	Figures 80–82. Sphyracephala nigrimana, Kedrovaya Pad, Russia 80 ♀, head, anterior view 81 ♂, head, anterior view 82 ♂, wing. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.	Figures 80–82. Sphyracephala nigrimana, Kedrovaya Pad, Russia 80 ♀, head, anterior view 81 ♂, head, anterior view 82 ♂, wing. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
C511DB947BD653C8868D7525FAFC0BA3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349218	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figures83-87	Figures 83–87. Sphyracephala nigrimana, Kedrovaya Pad, Russia 83 ♂, fore femur, inner view 84 ♂, scutellar spine, apical bristle 85 ♂, fore leg, outer view 86 ♀, abdomen, dorsal view 87 ♀, abdomen, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (86, 87); 0.2 mm (83–85).	Figures 83–87. Sphyracephala nigrimana, Kedrovaya Pad, Russia 83 ♂, fore femur, inner view 84 ♂, scutellar spine, apical bristle 85 ♂, fore leg, outer view 86 ♀, abdomen, dorsal view 87 ♀, abdomen, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (86, 87); 0.2 mm (83–85).	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
C511DB947BD653C8868D7525FAFC0BA3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349219	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figures88-93	Figures 88–93. Sphyracephala nigrimana, ♀, Kedrovaya Pad, Russia 88 postabdomen, ventral view 89 tergite 8, 10 and cerci, dorsal view 90 sclerotised ring 91 subanal plate, ventral view 92 sternite 1, intersternite 1-2 and sternite 2, ventral view 93 spermathecae. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (92); 0.1 mm (88–91, 93).	Figures 88–93. Sphyracephala nigrimana, ♀, Kedrovaya Pad, Russia 88 postabdomen, ventral view 89 tergite 8, 10 and cerci, dorsal view 90 sclerotised ring 91 subanal plate, ventral view 92 sternite 1, intersternite 1-2 and sternite 2, ventral view 93 spermathecae. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (92); 0.1 mm (88–91, 93).	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
C511DB947BD653C8868D7525FAFC0BA3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349220	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figures94-99	Figures 94–99. Sphyracephala nigrimana, ♂, Kedrovaya Pad, Russia 94 epandrium, cerci, surstyli, posterior view 95 surstylus, outer view 96 surstylus, inner view 97 ejaculatory apodeme + sac 98 syntergosternite 7 + 8, anterior view 99 sternite 8. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.	Figures 94–99. Sphyracephala nigrimana, ♂, Kedrovaya Pad, Russia 94 epandrium, cerci, surstyli, posterior view 95 surstylus, outer view 96 surstylus, inner view 97 ejaculatory apodeme + sac 98 syntergosternite 7 + 8, anterior view 99 sternite 8. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
C511DB947BD653C8868D7525FAFC0BA3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349221	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figure100	Figure 100. Sphyracephala brevicornis, eye span plotted against body length. Older measurements for S. brevicornis from the 1970 s and 1980 s were also used. These measurements were not elaborated with the required accuracy for allometric studies. However, given the large number of data, the allometric lines obtained could be used, though the R 2 values were rather low. Two data points for S. nigrimana are also presented.	Figure 100. Sphyracephala brevicornis, eye span plotted against body length. Older measurements for S. brevicornis from the 1970 s and 1980 s were also used. These measurements were not elaborated with the required accuracy for allometric studies. However, given the large number of data, the allometric lines obtained could be used, though the R 2 values were rather low. Two data points for S. nigrimana are also presented.	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
C511DB947BD653C8868D7525FAFC0BA3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349226	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figure105	Figure 105. Eye span plotted against body length for males of eight Sphyracephala species. A single data point for S. nigrimana is also shown.	Figure 105. Eye span plotted against body length for males of eight Sphyracephala species. A single data point for S. nigrimana is also shown.	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
C511DB947BD653C8868D7525FAFC0BA3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349227	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figure106	Figure 106. Eye span plotted against body length for females of eight Sphyracephala species. A single data point for S. nigrimana is also shown.	Figure 106. Eye span plotted against body length for females of eight Sphyracephala species. A single data point for S. nigrimana is also shown.	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
C511DB947BD653C8868D7525FAFC0BA3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349228	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figure107	Figure 107. Geometric morphometric PCA analysis of Sphyracephala wing venation patterns. Grey dots represent landmarks that were placed with the aid of straight (dotted) lines through other landmarks (white dots). Asterisks indicate wings from paratypes of S. europaea (junior synonym of S. babadjanidesi).	Figure 107. Geometric morphometric PCA analysis of Sphyracephala wing venation patterns. Grey dots represent landmarks that were placed with the aid of straight (dotted) lines through other landmarks (white dots). Asterisks indicate wings from paratypes of S. europaea (junior synonym of S. babadjanidesi).	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
C511DB947BD653C8868D7525FAFC0BA3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349229	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figure108	Figure 108. Hierarchical clustering analysis of principal component scores from the PCA in Fig. 107, using the average clustering method. Branch labels indicate the Approximately Unbiased p-value (AU) and Bootstrap Probability (BP). Asterisks indicate wings from paratypes of S. europaea (junior synonym of S. babadjanidesi).	Figure 108. Hierarchical clustering analysis of principal component scores from the PCA in Fig. 107, using the average clustering method. Branch labels indicate the Approximately Unbiased p-value (AU) and Bootstrap Probability (BP). Asterisks indicate wings from paratypes of S. europaea (junior synonym of S. babadjanidesi).	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
C511DB947BD653C8868D7525FAFC0BA3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349230	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figure109	Figure 109. Hierarchical clustering analysis of principal component scores from the PCA in Fig. 107, using the complete clustering method. Branch labels indicate the Approximately Unbiased p-value (AU) and Bootstrap Probability (BP). Asterisks indicate wings from paratypes of S. europaea (junior synonym of S. babadjanidesi).	Figure 109. Hierarchical clustering analysis of principal component scores from the PCA in Fig. 107, using the complete clustering method. Branch labels indicate the Approximately Unbiased p-value (AU) and Bootstrap Probability (BP). Asterisks indicate wings from paratypes of S. europaea (junior synonym of S. babadjanidesi).	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
C511DB947BD653C8868D7525FAFC0BA3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349231	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figures110-112	Figures 110–112. 110 Cladogram of Sphyracephala species groups according to Feijen (1989) 111 preferred maximum likelihood phylogeny of the Sphyracephalinae, based on molecular analysis (Jackson 2019, supplemental figure 1, in slightly adapted form). Numbers at nodes represent Ultrafast Bootstrap supports 112 revised cladogram of Sphyracephala species groups.	Figures 110–112. 110 Cladogram of Sphyracephala species groups according to Feijen (1989) 111 preferred maximum likelihood phylogeny of the Sphyracephalinae, based on molecular analysis (Jackson 2019, supplemental figure 1, in slightly adapted form). Numbers at nodes represent Ultrafast Bootstrap supports 112 revised cladogram of Sphyracephala species groups.	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
B83ACA91AEAD5B55A644F4182DB64D3D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349194	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figures1-2	Figures 1, 2. Prosternum, ventral view 1 basiliform prosternum, ♂, Sphyracephala munroi, Arusha, Tanzania 2 precoxal bridge, ♂, Sphyracephala beccarii, Mboma, DR Congo. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.	Figures 1, 2. Prosternum, ventral view 1 basiliform prosternum, ♂, Sphyracephala munroi, Arusha, Tanzania 2 precoxal bridge, ♂, Sphyracephala beccarii, Mboma, DR Congo. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
B83ACA91AEAD5B55A644F4182DB64D3D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349195	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figures3-4	Figures 3, 4. ♀, sternite 8, ventral view 3 Sphyracephala munroi, Arusha, Tanzania 4 Sphyracephala beccarii, Maputo, Mozambique. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.	Figures 3, 4. ♀, sternite 8, ventral view 3 Sphyracephala munroi, Arusha, Tanzania 4 Sphyracephala beccarii, Maputo, Mozambique. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
B83ACA91AEAD5B55A644F4182DB64D3D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349217	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figures80-82	Figures 80–82. Sphyracephala nigrimana, Kedrovaya Pad, Russia 80 ♀, head, anterior view 81 ♂, head, anterior view 82 ♂, wing. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.	Figures 80–82. Sphyracephala nigrimana, Kedrovaya Pad, Russia 80 ♀, head, anterior view 81 ♂, head, anterior view 82 ♂, wing. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
B83ACA91AEAD5B55A644F4182DB64D3D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349233	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figures116-118	Figures 116–118. Sphyracephala brevicornis, USA 116 ♀, Lewisburg, PA, wing 117 ♂, Belmont, fore femur, outer view 118 ♀, Philadelphia, abdomen, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (116, 118); 0.2 mm (117).	Figures 116–118. Sphyracephala brevicornis, USA 116 ♀, Lewisburg, PA, wing 117 ♂, Belmont, fore femur, outer view 118 ♀, Philadelphia, abdomen, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (116, 118); 0.2 mm (117).	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
B83ACA91AEAD5B55A644F4182DB64D3D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349199	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figures12-13	Figures 12, 13. Sphyracephala babadjanidesi, wing 12 ♂, sw Ganja, Azerbaijan 13 ♀, paratype S. europaea, Szeged, Hungary. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.	Figures 12, 13. Sphyracephala babadjanidesi, wing 12 ♂, sw Ganja, Azerbaijan 13 ♀, paratype S. europaea, Szeged, Hungary. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
B83ACA91AEAD5B55A644F4182DB64D3D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349211	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figures57-59	Figures 57–59. Sphyracephala munroi 57 ♀, head, anterior view, Zomba, Malawi 58 ♂, head, anterior view, Arusha, Tanzania 59 ♀, wing, Arusha. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.	Figures 57–59. Sphyracephala munroi 57 ♀, head, anterior view, Zomba, Malawi 58 ♂, head, anterior view, Arusha, Tanzania 59 ♀, wing, Arusha. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
B83ACA91AEAD5B55A644F4182DB64D3D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349220	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figures94-99	Figures 94–99. Sphyracephala nigrimana, ♂, Kedrovaya Pad, Russia 94 epandrium, cerci, surstyli, posterior view 95 surstylus, outer view 96 surstylus, inner view 97 ejaculatory apodeme + sac 98 syntergosternite 7 + 8, anterior view 99 sternite 8. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.	Figures 94–99. Sphyracephala nigrimana, ♂, Kedrovaya Pad, Russia 94 epandrium, cerci, surstyli, posterior view 95 surstylus, outer view 96 surstylus, inner view 97 ejaculatory apodeme + sac 98 syntergosternite 7 + 8, anterior view 99 sternite 8. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
B83ACA91AEAD5B55A644F4182DB64D3D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349235	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figures121-124	Figures 121–124. Sphyracephala subbifasciata, Canada 121 ♀, Ottawa ON, wing 122 ♂, Hull QC, fore legs 123 ♂, Hull QC, fore femur, inner view 124 ♀, Hemmingford QC, abdomen, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (121, 122); 0.2 mm (123, 124).	Figures 121–124. Sphyracephala subbifasciata, Canada 121 ♀, Ottawa ON, wing 122 ♂, Hull QC, fore legs 123 ♂, Hull QC, fore femur, inner view 124 ♀, Hemmingford QC, abdomen, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (121, 122); 0.2 mm (123, 124).	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
B83ACA91AEAD5B55A644F4182DB64D3D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349238	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figures132-133	Figures 132, 133. Sphyracephala hearseiana, Rajasthan, India 132 epandrium, cerci, surstyli, posterior view 133 surstylus, outer view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.	Figures 132, 133. Sphyracephala hearseiana, Rajasthan, India 132 epandrium, cerci, surstyli, posterior view 133 surstylus, outer view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
B83ACA91AEAD5B55A644F4182DB64D3D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349209	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figures48-53	Figures 48–53. Sphyracephala beccarii, ♂, Diampwe River, Malawi 48 epandrium, cerci, surstyli, posterior view 49 surstylus, outer view 50 surstylus, inner view 51 ejaculatory apodeme and sac 52 phallapodeme 53 syntergosternite 7 + 8, anterodorsal view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.	Figures 48–53. Sphyracephala beccarii, ♂, Diampwe River, Malawi 48 epandrium, cerci, surstyli, posterior view 49 surstylus, outer view 50 surstylus, inner view 51 ejaculatory apodeme and sac 52 phallapodeme 53 syntergosternite 7 + 8, anterodorsal view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
B83ACA91AEAD5B55A644F4182DB64D3D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349240	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figures137-141	Figures 137–141. Sphyracephala detrahens, ♀, Dumoga, Sulawesi, Indonesia 137 head, anterior view 138 wing 139 precoxal bridge of prosternum, ventral view 140 fore femur, inner view 141 abdomen, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (137, 138); 0.2 mm (139–141).	Figures 137–141. Sphyracephala detrahens, ♀, Dumoga, Sulawesi, Indonesia 137 head, anterior view 138 wing 139 precoxal bridge of prosternum, ventral view 140 fore femur, inner view 141 abdomen, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (137, 138); 0.2 mm (139–141).	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
B83ACA91AEAD5B55A644F4182DB64D3D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349242	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figures147-150	Figures 147–150. Sphyracephala bipunctipennis, 147, 149, 150 ♂, paratype, Indiganga, Sri Lanka, 148 ♀, Tamil Nadu, India 147 wing 148 fore femora, lateral view 149 precoxal bridge of prosternum, ventral view 150 abdomen, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm (147); 0.2 mm (148, 150); 0.1 mm (149).	Figures 147–150. Sphyracephala bipunctipennis, 147, 149, 150 ♂, paratype, Indiganga, Sri Lanka, 148 ♀, Tamil Nadu, India 147 wing 148 fore femora, lateral view 149 precoxal bridge of prosternum, ventral view 150 abdomen, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm (147); 0.2 mm (148, 150); 0.1 mm (149).	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
B57F46D85C065007902913690BF7674C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349222	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figure101	Figure 101. Sphyracephala subbifasciata, eye span plotted against body length.	Figure 101. Sphyracephala subbifasciata, eye span plotted against body length.	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
B57F46D85C065007902913690BF7674C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349226	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figure105	Figure 105. Eye span plotted against body length for males of eight Sphyracephala species. A single data point for S. nigrimana is also shown.	Figure 105. Eye span plotted against body length for males of eight Sphyracephala species. A single data point for S. nigrimana is also shown.	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
B57F46D85C065007902913690BF7674C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349227	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figure106	Figure 106. Eye span plotted against body length for females of eight Sphyracephala species. A single data point for S. nigrimana is also shown.	Figure 106. Eye span plotted against body length for females of eight Sphyracephala species. A single data point for S. nigrimana is also shown.	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
B57F46D85C065007902913690BF7674C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349228	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figure107	Figure 107. Geometric morphometric PCA analysis of Sphyracephala wing venation patterns. Grey dots represent landmarks that were placed with the aid of straight (dotted) lines through other landmarks (white dots). Asterisks indicate wings from paratypes of S. europaea (junior synonym of S. babadjanidesi).	Figure 107. Geometric morphometric PCA analysis of Sphyracephala wing venation patterns. Grey dots represent landmarks that were placed with the aid of straight (dotted) lines through other landmarks (white dots). Asterisks indicate wings from paratypes of S. europaea (junior synonym of S. babadjanidesi).	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
B57F46D85C065007902913690BF7674C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349229	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figure108	Figure 108. Hierarchical clustering analysis of principal component scores from the PCA in Fig. 107, using the average clustering method. Branch labels indicate the Approximately Unbiased p-value (AU) and Bootstrap Probability (BP). Asterisks indicate wings from paratypes of S. europaea (junior synonym of S. babadjanidesi).	Figure 108. Hierarchical clustering analysis of principal component scores from the PCA in Fig. 107, using the average clustering method. Branch labels indicate the Approximately Unbiased p-value (AU) and Bootstrap Probability (BP). Asterisks indicate wings from paratypes of S. europaea (junior synonym of S. babadjanidesi).	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
B57F46D85C065007902913690BF7674C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349230	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figure109	Figure 109. Hierarchical clustering analysis of principal component scores from the PCA in Fig. 107, using the complete clustering method. Branch labels indicate the Approximately Unbiased p-value (AU) and Bootstrap Probability (BP). Asterisks indicate wings from paratypes of S. europaea (junior synonym of S. babadjanidesi).	Figure 109. Hierarchical clustering analysis of principal component scores from the PCA in Fig. 107, using the complete clustering method. Branch labels indicate the Approximately Unbiased p-value (AU) and Bootstrap Probability (BP). Asterisks indicate wings from paratypes of S. europaea (junior synonym of S. babadjanidesi).	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
B57F46D85C065007902913690BF7674C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349231	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figures110-112	Figures 110–112. 110 Cladogram of Sphyracephala species groups according to Feijen (1989) 111 preferred maximum likelihood phylogeny of the Sphyracephalinae, based on molecular analysis (Jackson 2019, supplemental figure 1, in slightly adapted form). Numbers at nodes represent Ultrafast Bootstrap supports 112 revised cladogram of Sphyracephala species groups.	Figures 110–112. 110 Cladogram of Sphyracephala species groups according to Feijen (1989) 111 preferred maximum likelihood phylogeny of the Sphyracephalinae, based on molecular analysis (Jackson 2019, supplemental figure 1, in slightly adapted form). Numbers at nodes represent Ultrafast Bootstrap supports 112 revised cladogram of Sphyracephala species groups.	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
B57F46D85C065007902913690BF7674C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349234	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figures119-120	Figures 119, 120. Sphyracephala subbifasciata, Canada 119 ♀, Hull QC, habitus, lateral view 120 ♂, Hemmingford QC, head, anterior view. Scale bars: 1 mm (119); 0.5 mm (120).	Figures 119, 120. Sphyracephala subbifasciata, Canada 119 ♀, Hull QC, habitus, lateral view 120 ♂, Hemmingford QC, head, anterior view. Scale bars: 1 mm (119); 0.5 mm (120).	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
B57F46D85C065007902913690BF7674C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1349235	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490.figures121-124	Figures 121–124. Sphyracephala subbifasciata, Canada 121 ♀, Ottawa ON, wing 122 ♂, Hull QC, fore legs 123 ♂, Hull QC, fore femur, inner view 124 ♀, Hemmingford QC, abdomen, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (121, 122); 0.2 mm (123, 124).	Figures 121–124. Sphyracephala subbifasciata, Canada 121 ♀, Ottawa ON, wing 122 ♂, Hull QC, fore legs 123 ♂, Hull QC, fore femur, inner view 124 ♀, Hemmingford QC, abdomen, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (121, 122); 0.2 mm (123, 124).	2025-06-10	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi		Zenodo	biologists	Feijen, Hans R.;Feijen, Frida A. A.;Feijen, Cobi			
