taxonID	type	description	language	source
E6C2C0E09F4258B097F95A7793C0ADEC.taxon	type_taxon	Type genus. Diopsis Linnaeus, 1775: 5.	en	Feijen, Hans R., Feijen, Frida A. A., Feijen, Cobi (2025): A revision of the four Afrotropical and Palaearctic Sphyracephala Say (Diptera, Diopsidae) with an illustrated overview of the other five Sphyracephala. ZooKeys 1241: 1-81, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490
E96BD8502F0B54A78E2E351AA8552A35.taxon	description	Figs 5, 6, 7, 8 – 11, 12, 13, 14 – 17, 18 – 23, 24 – 28, 29 – 31, 32, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110 – 112, Tables 1, 2, 3, 4	en	Feijen, Hans R., Feijen, Frida A. A., Feijen, Cobi (2025): A revision of the four Afrotropical and Palaearctic Sphyracephala Say (Diptera, Diopsidae) with an illustrated overview of the other five Sphyracephala. ZooKeys 1241: 1-81, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490
E96BD8502F0B54A78E2E351AA8552A35.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Sphyracephala babadjanidesi can be recognised by the following set of characters: head mainly blackish brown, face and anterior edge of frons brown; thorax and abdomen blackish; clothed in sparse, small white setulae; eye stalk very stout (~ 0.94 – 1.02 × the widest sagittal eye diameter); very small eye span (~ 1.7 – 2.2 mm) in ♀ and ♂ (respectively ~ 52 % and ~ 60 % of body length); very low rate of dimorphism D = 0.39; rectangular basiliform prosternum; apical seta / scutellar spine ratio: 5.4 – 5.5; scutellar spine / scutellum ratio: 0.43 in ♀ and 0.41 in ♂; very small, scutellar spines whitish but darker basally ~ 0.13 mm; wing almost transparent with brown central and apical spots; fore femur brown with apical third blackish brown, inner side centrally with dark brown diagonal transverse band, strongly incrassate (l / w ratio: 2.7 – 2.8), two rows of pale slender spinous setae, inner row with ~ 4.5 setae and outer row with ~ 4.0 hardly spinous setae; tergite 1 with distinct subcircular groove; intersternite 1 - 2 a solid, straight, rod-like sclerite, laterally linked to sternite 2; ♀ tergite 7 consisting of two anteriorly located, triangular sclerites; ♀ sternite 7 with anteriorly two subtriangular plates, posteriorly connected to two subrectangular plates; ♀ sternite 8 two large elongate sclerites; ♀ cerci rather elongate, l / w ratio: ~ 3.2, sharply tapering apically, remarkably curled upward; small sclerotised ring present; surstyli articulate, medially directed, subrectangular with slightly concave apical side, without microtrichia, clothed in setulae, diagonal ridge on basal half of inner side. Sphyracephala babadjanidesi belongs to the S. brevicornis species group and comes closest to S. munroi.	en	Feijen, Hans R., Feijen, Frida A. A., Feijen, Cobi (2025): A revision of the four Afrotropical and Palaearctic Sphyracephala Say (Diptera, Diopsidae) with an illustrated overview of the other five Sphyracephala. ZooKeys 1241: 1-81, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490
E96BD8502F0B54A78E2E351AA8552A35.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The original type series for S. babadjanidesi (Zaitzev 1919) and its neotype (Nartshuk 2017) all originate from the Ganja Region in the Asian part of Azerbaijan. The neotype forms part of a large collection (ZIN) of more than 500 specimens originating from almost the same place as the type series (Nartshuk 2017). In 2024, S. babadjanidesi was photographed in Georgia (https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 229960704). The type series for S. europaea came from the Maros River in Hungary. This river is a tributary of the Tisza River which in its turn is the main tributary of the Danube. According to Paulovics (1998), the species exists all along the Hungarian part of the Maros (Fig. 31). The species was later (KMNP 2018) recorded from the Körös-Maros Nemzeti Park in Hungary, near the border with Romania (~ 46 ° 41 ' 23 " N, 21 ° 10 ' 28 " E, ~ 80 m). Rivers in this park are tributaries of the Tisza. Rahmé published pictures (https: // www. flickr. com / photos / eurythyrea / 5126015816) taken in Makó, Csongrád, Hungary (46 ° 12 ' 11 " N, 20 ° 27 ' 11 " E, 83 m). Simova-Tošić and Stojanović (2000) extensively reported on the presence of S. europaea in Serbia along the Danube, ca 2 km from the mouth of the Tisza at Stari Slankamen (45 ° 9 ' 5 " N, 20 ° 14 ' 44 " E, ~ 100 m) Stojanović (pers. comm.) observed the flies again on 14. x. 2006 in the same locality. Early in the morning (8: 00 am) ~ 40 specimens could be observed in the same hollow on the loess profile. Later, at around 4: 00 p. m., more than 200 specimens were gathered in the same place, spread out over an area of ca 3 m 2. Kutsarov and Hubenov (2019) recorded S. europaea in Bulgaria, east of the town of Nikopol, next to the rocky monastery St. Stefan (43 ° 42 ' 36 " N, 24 ° 54 ' 51 " E, 60 m) on the limestone rocks along the Danube River on the border with Romania. On the internet references for S. europaea in Romania can be found (https: // www. flickr. com / photos / eurythyrea / 5126015816). All locations for S. europaea are along the Danube River and its tributaries. Papp et al. (1997) stated “ that Hennig (1941 b) hypothesized the occurrence of Sphyracephala in South Europe including Hungary ”. However, that view, also repeated in Földvári and Meier (2002), cannot be deduced from Hennig’s paper. The various collecting localities and the two type localities are shown on the map (Fig. 32). In Hungary, this fly has a nature conservation status: collecting it carries a 10,000 HUF fine (Turista Magazin 2023).	en	Feijen, Hans R., Feijen, Frida A. A., Feijen, Cobi (2025): A revision of the four Afrotropical and Palaearctic Sphyracephala Say (Diptera, Diopsidae) with an illustrated overview of the other five Sphyracephala. ZooKeys 1241: 1-81, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490
4A329B7FCE39584DBC57E93F588E751E.taxon	description	Figs 2, 4, 33 – 36, 37, 38 – 42, 43 – 47, 48 – 53, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110 – 112, Tables 2, 3, 4	en	Feijen, Hans R., Feijen, Frida A. A., Feijen, Cobi (2025): A revision of the four Afrotropical and Palaearctic Sphyracephala Say (Diptera, Diopsidae) with an illustrated overview of the other five Sphyracephala. ZooKeys 1241: 1-81, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490
4A329B7FCE39584DBC57E93F588E751E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Sphyracephala beccarii can be recognised by the following set of characters: head brown, thorax and abdomen blackish brown; sparsely covered with small setulae; frons with dark brown semicircular band; occiput yellowish brown; eye stalk stout (~ 0.75 – 0.80 × the widest sagittal eye diameter), moderately sized for a Sphyracephala; very small eye span (~ 2.1 mm) in both ♀ and ♂ (respectively ~ 49 % and ~ 53 % of body length); monomorphic with rate of dimorphism D = 0.07; distinct precoxal bridge; apical seta / scutellar spine ratio: ~ 3.9; scutellar spine / scutellum ratio: 0.50; small, pale scutellar spines ~ 0.17 mm; transparent wings; fore femur brown with apical fifth dark brown, inner side with dark brown transverse stripe on central third, strongly incrassate, l / w ratio: 2.5 – 2.6, with two rows of black spinous setae, inner row with ~ 6.0 setae, outer row with ~ 1.2 setae; tergite 1 with vague transverse ridges, on the meson two parallel, longitudinal grooves; intersternite 1 - 2 very slender, laterally connected to main sternite 2; ♀ tergite 7 and sternite 7 divided in two small sclerites almost touching laterally; ♀ cerci broad, l / w ratio: ~ 1.9; ♀ sternite 8 represented by two small sclerites, almost touching on the meson; no sclerotised ring; surstyli articulate, almost touching on the meson, tapering apically towards an upturned apex, anterior side with microtrichia on basal third and ~ 25 setulae on apical half. Sphyracephala beccarii belongs to the S. hearseiana species group and can be considered the sister species of S. hearseiana.	en	Feijen, Hans R., Feijen, Frida A. A., Feijen, Cobi (2025): A revision of the four Afrotropical and Palaearctic Sphyracephala Say (Diptera, Diopsidae) with an illustrated overview of the other five Sphyracephala. ZooKeys 1241: 1-81, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490
4A329B7FCE39584DBC57E93F588E751E.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Sphyracephala beccarii is known to occur in almost all contiguous Sub-Saharan African countries and Madagascar. We have seen specimens or records from Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Chad, D. R. Congo, Eritrea, Eswatini, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. Sphyracephala beccarii extends into the Palaearctic Region in Algeria (Bezzi 1922, Hennig 1941 b, Séguy 1949, Vaillant 1953). Bezzi referred the Algerian flies to S. hearseiana, but Hennig considered that a likely misidentification for S. beccarii, while Séguy confirmed that the two flies studied by Bezzi belonged to S. beccarii. Vaillant illustrated male genitalia of his Algerian flies and provided reliable information on habitat and swarming. Only his assumptions on the predatory nature of these flies must be rejected. We examined a specimen collected in 1949 in Algeria by Vaillant (ZSM). Papp et al. (1997) considered S. beccarii “ an Afrotropical species with one questionable record from Algeria ”. However, there is no reason to consider the Algerian records as doubtful. Moreover, Séguy (1950) recorded S. beccarii for Monts Bagzane in northern Niger, not far from Algeria. Sphyracephala beccarii also extends into the Palaearctic Region in the Arabian Peninsula (Feijen et al. 2017). An extensive number of records were provided for Oman, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and Yemen. They discussed the delimitation of the Afrotropical and Palaearctic Regions in the Arabian Peninsula.	en	Feijen, Hans R., Feijen, Frida A. A., Feijen, Cobi (2025): A revision of the four Afrotropical and Palaearctic Sphyracephala Say (Diptera, Diopsidae) with an illustrated overview of the other five Sphyracephala. ZooKeys 1241: 1-81, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490
40BA5D1551B75867BA9005B32AB0F9D0.taxon	description	Figs 107, 108, 109, 110 – 112, 142 – 146, 147 – 150, Tables 2, 3, 4	en	Feijen, Hans R., Feijen, Frida A. A., Feijen, Cobi (2025): A revision of the four Afrotropical and Palaearctic Sphyracephala Say (Diptera, Diopsidae) with an illustrated overview of the other five Sphyracephala. ZooKeys 1241: 1-81, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490
40BA5D1551B75867BA9005B32AB0F9D0.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Sri Lanka, India (Karnataka, Tamil Nadu),? Bhutan. Specimens from Bhutan still require confirmation.	en	Feijen, Hans R., Feijen, Frida A. A., Feijen, Cobi (2025): A revision of the four Afrotropical and Palaearctic Sphyracephala Say (Diptera, Diopsidae) with an illustrated overview of the other five Sphyracephala. ZooKeys 1241: 1-81, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490
0875BFC4EF8851E2BBC15F65BC8F134C.taxon	description	Figs 100, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110 – 112, 113 – 115, Tables 2, 3, 4	en	Feijen, Hans R., Feijen, Frida A. A., Feijen, Cobi (2025): A revision of the four Afrotropical and Palaearctic Sphyracephala Say (Diptera, Diopsidae) with an illustrated overview of the other five Sphyracephala. ZooKeys 1241: 1-81, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490
0875BFC4EF8851E2BBC15F65BC8F134C.taxon	distribution	Distribution. South-Eastern corner of Canada, contiguous U. S. A. east of the line Houston-Lincoln (Nebraska) - Grand Forks.	en	Feijen, Hans R., Feijen, Frida A. A., Feijen, Cobi (2025): A revision of the four Afrotropical and Palaearctic Sphyracephala Say (Diptera, Diopsidae) with an illustrated overview of the other five Sphyracephala. ZooKeys 1241: 1-81, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490
6D23E0AA7D8E5A79A676DC04E972399B.taxon	description	Figs 107, 108, 109, 110 – 112, 134 – 136, 137 – 141, Tables 2, 3, 4	en	Feijen, Hans R., Feijen, Frida A. A., Feijen, Cobi (2025): A revision of the four Afrotropical and Palaearctic Sphyracephala Say (Diptera, Diopsidae) with an illustrated overview of the other five Sphyracephala. ZooKeys 1241: 1-81, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490
6D23E0AA7D8E5A79A676DC04E972399B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Only Sulawesi can, at present, be considered as the area for S. detrahens. Sphyracephala specimens from countries as far apart as Malaysia, Japan, and the Solomon Islands have been identified as S. detrahens. However, at least part of these identifications appears doubtful and more study of genitalia or molecular studies are required. Although S. detrahens and S. cothurnata appear distinct synonyms, it is possible that at least on the small islands near Sulawesi an additional species occurs.	en	Feijen, Hans R., Feijen, Frida A. A., Feijen, Cobi (2025): A revision of the four Afrotropical and Palaearctic Sphyracephala Say (Diptera, Diopsidae) with an illustrated overview of the other five Sphyracephala. ZooKeys 1241: 1-81, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490
75C3DA03D02F5A53857E8458E48EB3F6.taxon	description	Figs 102, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 112, 125 – 127, 128 – 131, 132 – 133, Tables 2, 3, 4	en	Feijen, Hans R., Feijen, Frida A. A., Feijen, Cobi (2025): A revision of the four Afrotropical and Palaearctic Sphyracephala Say (Diptera, Diopsidae) with an illustrated overview of the other five Sphyracephala. ZooKeys 1241: 1-81, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490
75C3DA03D02F5A53857E8458E48EB3F6.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Some records are known for Islamabad and Punjab in Pakistan. Most records come from the western half of India from Himachal Pradesh to Tamil Nadu. As easternmost Indian locations a few records are found for Chhattisgarh, Odisha, and West Bengal. Datta and Biswas (1985) mention a record for Khushtia, in western Bangladesh. Two records are known from photographs of an S. hearseiana - like fly from Dan Chang and Ban Rai Districts in western Thailand (iNaturalist observations 110414296 and 112536071), but it remains to be seen whether these represent S. hearseiana or an undescribed species.	en	Feijen, Hans R., Feijen, Frida A. A., Feijen, Cobi (2025): A revision of the four Afrotropical and Palaearctic Sphyracephala Say (Diptera, Diopsidae) with an illustrated overview of the other five Sphyracephala. ZooKeys 1241: 1-81, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490
85D699B7165C5DBC9B7DDA561E2AB675.taxon	description	Figs 1, 3, 54 – 56, 57 – 59, 60, 61 – 65, 66 – 71, 72 – 77, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110 – 112, Tables 2, 3, 4	en	Feijen, Hans R., Feijen, Frida A. A., Feijen, Cobi (2025): A revision of the four Afrotropical and Palaearctic Sphyracephala Say (Diptera, Diopsidae) with an illustrated overview of the other five Sphyracephala. ZooKeys 1241: 1-81, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490
85D699B7165C5DBC9B7DDA561E2AB675.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Sphyracephala munroi can be recognised by the following set of characters: head, thorax and abdomen blackish; overall covered with long setulae; brown band below arcuate groove, large brown spots on occiput; eye stalk stout (~ 0.7 × the widest sagittal eye diameter), comparatively long and straight for a Sphyracephala; very small eye span (2.5 – 2.7 mm) in ♀ and ♂ (respectively ~ 61 % and ~ 67 % of body length); very low rate of dimorphism D = 0.33; rectangular basiliform prosternum; apical seta / scutellar spine ratio: ~ 6.1; scutellar spine / scutellum ratio: 0.44; very small, blackish scutellar spines ~ 0.13 mm; transparent wings with brownish tinge; brown fore femur with apical third dark brown, inner side with dark brown longitudinal stripe on central third, incrassate (l / w ratio: 3.63), with two rows of transparent slender spinous setae, inner row with ~ 2.8 setae, outer row with ~ 4.0 setae; tergite 1 with fine transverse ridges and deep circular groove; intersternite 1 - 2 mesally a small dark sclerite, laterally narrowly connected to main sternite 2; ♀ tergite 7 with 2 large, rectangular sclerites; ♀ sternite 7 forming two rectangular sclerites with posterior extensions; ♀ cerci elongate, l / w ratio: ~ 4.6; ♀ sternite 8 forming two large rectangular sclerites; no real sclerotised ring, but mesally a tiny structure with thin lateral extensions; surstyli articulate, ventromedially directed, parallel-sided, on medial side hollow, no microtrichia, outer side clothed in setulae, inner side with a comb of fine, small setulae. Sphyracephala munroi belongs to the S. brevicornis species group and comes closest to S. babadjanidesi.	en	Feijen, Hans R., Feijen, Frida A. A., Feijen, Cobi (2025): A revision of the four Afrotropical and Palaearctic Sphyracephala Say (Diptera, Diopsidae) with an illustrated overview of the other five Sphyracephala. ZooKeys 1241: 1-81, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490
85D699B7165C5DBC9B7DDA561E2AB675.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Angola, D. R. Congo, Eswatini, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe. It appears that S. munroi is confined to Eastern and Southern Africa. However, we have seen some records from West Africa, but those need confirmation. Sphyracephala munroi was, in general, only collected from higher altitudes of 900 – 2250 m. Only the type locality in South Africa is from a lower altitude (390 m).	en	Feijen, Hans R., Feijen, Frida A. A., Feijen, Cobi (2025): A revision of the four Afrotropical and Palaearctic Sphyracephala Say (Diptera, Diopsidae) with an illustrated overview of the other five Sphyracephala. ZooKeys 1241: 1-81, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490
C511DB947BD653C8868D7525FAFC0BA3.taxon	description	Figs 78 – 79, 80 – 82, 83 – 87, 88 – 93, 94 – 99, 100, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 112, Tables 2, 3	en	Feijen, Hans R., Feijen, Frida A. A., Feijen, Cobi (2025): A revision of the four Afrotropical and Palaearctic Sphyracephala Say (Diptera, Diopsidae) with an illustrated overview of the other five Sphyracephala. ZooKeys 1241: 1-81, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490
C511DB947BD653C8868D7525FAFC0BA3.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Sphyracephala nigrimana can be recognised by the following set of characters: central head brown, thorax and abdomen blackish; clothed in small setulae; head subtriangular in anterior view; eye stalk very short, very stout (~ 1.1 × the widest sagittal eye diameter); very small eye span in ♀ and ♂, ~ 39 % of body length; assumed sexual monomorphy with regard to eye span; rectangular basiliform prosternum with medial groove; apical seta / scutellar spine ratio: ~ 3.0; scutellar spine / scutellum ratio: ~ 0.7; small, pale scutellar spines ~ 0.21 mm; transparent wing with pattern of dark brown spots including apical spot, central crossband and basal spots; brown fore femur with apical half darker brown, strongly incrassate (l / w ratio: 2.7 – 2.9), with two rows of spinous setae (more transparent on outer side); tergite 1 with distinct transverse ridges and vague circular groove, tergite 2 anteriorly with small triangle with transverse ridges; intersternite 1 - 2 a broad band, laterally connected to main sternite 2; ♀ tergite 7 with 2 small, laterally located, sclerites; ♀ sternite 7 forming 2 small, rounded sclerites with posterior extensions; ♀ cerci rather elongate, l / w ratio: ~ 3.3; ♀ sternite 8 forming 2 large rectangular sclerites; well-developed sclerotised ring, triangular to rounded; surstyli articulate, ventrally directed, parallel-sided, l / w ratio: ~ 4.7, on medial side scope-like, no microtrichia, inner and outer side clothed in setulae. Sphyracephala nigrimana comes closest to the two Nearctic Sphyracephala.	en	Feijen, Hans R., Feijen, Frida A. A., Feijen, Cobi (2025): A revision of the four Afrotropical and Palaearctic Sphyracephala Say (Diptera, Diopsidae) with an illustrated overview of the other five Sphyracephala. ZooKeys 1241: 1-81, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490
C511DB947BD653C8868D7525FAFC0BA3.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The type series originated from a tributary of the Amur River in Russia (Loew 1873). Bezzi (1922), Hennig (1941 b), and Nartshuk (2017) all agreed that the flies from the vicinity (~ 43 ° 08 ' N, 131 ° 55 ' E) of Vladivostok and identified by Portschinsky (1871) as S. brevicornis belonged to S. nigrimana. Hennig (1941 b) also recorded S. nigrimana from “ der Mandschurei ” (ZMHB). According to Pont and Ackland (2009), this locality is in Heilongjiang, China. Yang and Chen (1988) and Hua (2006) repeated this Chinese record without additional comments. Nartshuk (2017) specified that S. nigrimana is distributed in the Primorsky Territory to the north up to the Bikin-Belimbe line (up to ~ 46 ° 48 ' N). She also mentions specimens from the Suputinsky Nature Reserve (~ 43 ° 40 ' N, 132 ° 30 ' E). Dubatolov (2020) reported on the presence of S. nigrimana in the more northern Bolshekhekhtsirsky Reserve (48 ° 17 ' N, 132 ° 49 ' E) near the Amur River. Flies were observed on the sunny wooden wall of the reserve office on 21. x. 2020, 29. ix. 2021 and 14. x. 2021 [sic]. Liu (2009) listed one ♂ S. nigrimana from Hainan, China. From the same island he also recorded the Nearctic S. brevicornis. However, both records are based on misidentifications as can be verified, for instance, from the wing drawings. Biogeographically, these records would also have been highly unlikely. The northern latitude limits of the Nearctic and Palaearctic Sphyracephala are quite consistent. The Nearctic species reach in Canada 47 ° 36 ' N for S. subbifasciata and 45 ° 30 ' N for S. brevicornis (Feijen 1989). The most northern record for S. babadjanidesi is found in Hungary with 46 ° 41 ' N, while for S. nigrimana the northern limit in Russia comes to 48 ° 17 ' N. Hibernation is found in all four Holarctic species.	en	Feijen, Hans R., Feijen, Frida A. A., Feijen, Cobi (2025): A revision of the four Afrotropical and Palaearctic Sphyracephala Say (Diptera, Diopsidae) with an illustrated overview of the other five Sphyracephala. ZooKeys 1241: 1-81, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490
B83ACA91AEAD5B55A644F4182DB64D3D.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Diopsis brevicornis Say, 1817: 23, by monotypy.	en	Feijen, Hans R., Feijen, Frida A. A., Feijen, Cobi (2025): A revision of the four Afrotropical and Palaearctic Sphyracephala Say (Diptera, Diopsidae) with an illustrated overview of the other five Sphyracephala. ZooKeys 1241: 1-81, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490
B83ACA91AEAD5B55A644F4182DB64D3D.taxon	description	Key to the Sphyracephala Although this revision concentrates on the Afrotropical and Palaearctic Sphyracephala, the key covers all described species. It should be stressed that in the Oriental and Australasian Regions some species remain to be described. Sphyracephala detrahens and S. bipunctipennis also need to be redescribed, so couplet 8 will then be updated and extended.	en	Feijen, Hans R., Feijen, Frida A. A., Feijen, Cobi (2025): A revision of the four Afrotropical and Palaearctic Sphyracephala Say (Diptera, Diopsidae) with an illustrated overview of the other five Sphyracephala. ZooKeys 1241: 1-81, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490
B57F46D85C065007902913690BF7674C.taxon	description	Figs 101, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 112, 119 – 120, 121 – 124, Tables 2, 3, 4	en	Feijen, Hans R., Feijen, Frida A. A., Feijen, Cobi (2025): A revision of the four Afrotropical and Palaearctic Sphyracephala Say (Diptera, Diopsidae) with an illustrated overview of the other five Sphyracephala. ZooKeys 1241: 1-81, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490
B57F46D85C065007902913690BF7674C.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Feijen (1989) gave for distribution: South-Eastern Canada and Northern U. S. A. from Northern Colorado to New England. Stoaks and Shaw (2011) extended the known distribution 1200 km westward till Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming.	en	Feijen, Hans R., Feijen, Frida A. A., Feijen, Cobi (2025): A revision of the four Afrotropical and Palaearctic Sphyracephala Say (Diptera, Diopsidae) with an illustrated overview of the other five Sphyracephala. ZooKeys 1241: 1-81, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1241.151490
