taxonID	type	description	language	source
AF5DBBB6FD2951478C1E7F8AB32201D9.taxon	description	Figs 1, 5, 6 A 1 – 6, 2, 32 B, D	en	Lewis, Jake H., Kojima, Hiroaki, Campbell, Erin O. (2025): A Japan-focused review of East Asian Acicnemis Fairmaire, 1849 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) reveals cryptic diversity in a well-studied region. ZooKeys 1259: 103-167, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.164450
AF5DBBB6FD2951478C1E7F8AB32201D9.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body length 5.0 – 6.8 mm. Covered in black and dark gray scales, with longitudinal, black-bordered white stripes across the lateral edges of the pronotum and elytral humeri (compare with A. cryptica which has the entire lateral portion of the pronotum covered in white to yellow scales). Apical 1 / 2 of elytra with a V-shaped patch of white scales. Pronotum evenly punctured across dorsal surface, but often with shiny, impunctate longitudinal midline. Scutellum bare over anterior 1 / 2 of dorsal surface, otherwise covered in pale yellowish scales. Only odd elytral intervals with erect scales (even elytral intervals may possess erect scales at the extreme elytral apices). Sclerolepidia distinct and protruding. Third tarsomeres distinctly emarginate. Pedon with lateral edges approx. parallel in dorsal view, and converging evenly at apex into a dull, rounded point. Internal sac visible in anterior 1 / 2 of aedeagus and tuberculate (roughed appearance); • internal sac also with hook-like protruding structure anteriorly (at the apex) and surrounded by tuberculate, roughened musculature (Fig. 6 A 1 – 2).	en	Lewis, Jake H., Kojima, Hiroaki, Campbell, Erin O. (2025): A Japan-focused review of East Asian Acicnemis Fairmaire, 1849 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) reveals cryptic diversity in a well-studied region. ZooKeys 1259: 103-167, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.164450
AF5DBBB6FD2951478C1E7F8AB32201D9.taxon	distribution	Distribution. This species occurs in far Eastern Russia (Primorsky Krai, Saghalien) and north-central mainland Japan (from Hokkaido south to Gifu Prefecture).	en	Lewis, Jake H., Kojima, Hiroaki, Campbell, Erin O. (2025): A Japan-focused review of East Asian Acicnemis Fairmaire, 1849 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) reveals cryptic diversity in a well-studied region. ZooKeys 1259: 103-167, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.164450
8BBE2064DEF15BE5BFE56BF7AC8123C5.taxon	description	Figs 1, 2 A, 3 A, 6 B 1 – 6, 2, 7	en	Lewis, Jake H., Kojima, Hiroaki, Campbell, Erin O. (2025): A Japan-focused review of East Asian Acicnemis Fairmaire, 1849 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) reveals cryptic diversity in a well-studied region. ZooKeys 1259: 103-167, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.164450
8BBE2064DEF15BE5BFE56BF7AC8123C5.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body length 3.3 – 4.9 mm. Covered in pale brown scales, with alternating white and black scaled bands on odd elytral intervals. Pronotum with two exposed, bare tubercles medially at the base (one on each side) (Fig. 3 A). Scutellum covered in yellow scales. Only odd elytral intervals with erect scales. Sclerolepidia distinct and protruding. Posterior edge of prosternum lacking prominent projections contiguous with the fore-coxae (Fig. 2 A) (present in A. laeta). Third tarsomeres distinctly emarginate. Pedon with lateral edges approx. parallel in dorsal view, but converging evenly into a point. Internal sac without tuberculate or roughened musculature inside the aedeagus, but with a non-hooked protruding structure (unmodified in posterior 1 / 2, with roughened in anterior 1 / 2) that is equal in length to the pedon (Fig. 6 B 1 – 2).	en	Lewis, Jake H., Kojima, Hiroaki, Campbell, Erin O. (2025): A Japan-focused review of East Asian Acicnemis Fairmaire, 1849 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) reveals cryptic diversity in a well-studied region. ZooKeys 1259: 103-167, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.164450
8BBE2064DEF15BE5BFE56BF7AC8123C5.taxon	distribution	Distribution. This species occurs in southern Japan (Okinawa Prefecture, Ryukyu Islands) and South Korea.	en	Lewis, Jake H., Kojima, Hiroaki, Campbell, Erin O. (2025): A Japan-focused review of East Asian Acicnemis Fairmaire, 1849 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) reveals cryptic diversity in a well-studied region. ZooKeys 1259: 103-167, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.164450
BAB38C43B84D5AD8A739F31F12F84438.taxon	description	Fig. 8	en	Lewis, Jake H., Kojima, Hiroaki, Campbell, Erin O. (2025): A Japan-focused review of East Asian Acicnemis Fairmaire, 1849 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) reveals cryptic diversity in a well-studied region. ZooKeys 1259: 103-167, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.164450
BAB38C43B84D5AD8A739F31F12F84438.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body length 4.0 – 5.2 mm. Covered in dark-gray scales, with two V-shaped, transverse black bands across middle of elytra. Pronotum with pale brown and yellow scales dorsally, but dark at base medially. Pronotum approx. sculptured and carinate. Scutellum shiny and bare in examined specimens. Only odd elytral intervals with erect scales across elytral disk (some erect scales on 2 nd interval in apical fourth of elytra). Third and fifth elytral intervals with cluster of 3 – 5 erect scales at elytral base. Sclerolepidia distinct and protruding. Mesosternum with distinctly raised ridge between meso-coxae, highest laterally but dipping shallowly medially (no such ridge or only weakly developed in most other species). Third tarsomeres weakly emarginate.	en	Lewis, Jake H., Kojima, Hiroaki, Campbell, Erin O. (2025): A Japan-focused review of East Asian Acicnemis Fairmaire, 1849 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) reveals cryptic diversity in a well-studied region. ZooKeys 1259: 103-167, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.164450
BAB38C43B84D5AD8A739F31F12F84438.taxon	distribution	Distribution. This species is currently only known from Taiwan.	en	Lewis, Jake H., Kojima, Hiroaki, Campbell, Erin O. (2025): A Japan-focused review of East Asian Acicnemis Fairmaire, 1849 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) reveals cryptic diversity in a well-studied region. ZooKeys 1259: 103-167, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.164450
A2A84396C69158FDA08B252BE9BD89DC.taxon	description	Fig. 9	en	Lewis, Jake H., Kojima, Hiroaki, Campbell, Erin O. (2025): A Japan-focused review of East Asian Acicnemis Fairmaire, 1849 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) reveals cryptic diversity in a well-studied region. ZooKeys 1259: 103-167, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.164450
A2A84396C69158FDA08B252BE9BD89DC.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body length 5.0 – 7.0 mm. Easily distinguished from other East Asian Acicnemis by the (1) large size (2) black to dark red cuticle largely naked, but with bright yellow scaled bands running longitudinally across the lateral edges of the pronotum and elytral humeri, as well as transversally across the apical 1 / 2 of the elytra.	en	Lewis, Jake H., Kojima, Hiroaki, Campbell, Erin O. (2025): A Japan-focused review of East Asian Acicnemis Fairmaire, 1849 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) reveals cryptic diversity in a well-studied region. ZooKeys 1259: 103-167, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.164450
A2A84396C69158FDA08B252BE9BD89DC.taxon	distribution	Distribution. This species is known only from Taiwan.	en	Lewis, Jake H., Kojima, Hiroaki, Campbell, Erin O. (2025): A Japan-focused review of East Asian Acicnemis Fairmaire, 1849 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) reveals cryptic diversity in a well-studied region. ZooKeys 1259: 103-167, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.164450
2C364F23F2EB55148197EDD143888B42.taxon	description	Fig. 10	en	Lewis, Jake H., Kojima, Hiroaki, Campbell, Erin O. (2025): A Japan-focused review of East Asian Acicnemis Fairmaire, 1849 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) reveals cryptic diversity in a well-studied region. ZooKeys 1259: 103-167, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.164450
2C364F23F2EB55148197EDD143888B42.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body length 5.0 mm. Virtually indistinguishable externally from A. maculaalba (see that species). Although most A. maculaalba have the white elytral spots interrupted by brown scales along the first elytral interval, some have no interruption (as in the A. cordata holotype); therefore, this character cannot be used alone to reliably separate A. maculaalba and A. cordata.	en	Lewis, Jake H., Kojima, Hiroaki, Campbell, Erin O. (2025): A Japan-focused review of East Asian Acicnemis Fairmaire, 1849 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) reveals cryptic diversity in a well-studied region. ZooKeys 1259: 103-167, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.164450
2C364F23F2EB55148197EDD143888B42.taxon	distribution	Distribution. This species is known from the type locality (Mau-son, Tongking, which corresponds to modern day northern Vietnam) and apparently also Kuatun, China (Voss’s specimen).	en	Lewis, Jake H., Kojima, Hiroaki, Campbell, Erin O. (2025): A Japan-focused review of East Asian Acicnemis Fairmaire, 1849 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) reveals cryptic diversity in a well-studied region. ZooKeys 1259: 103-167, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.164450
F2EFD8DB464C5BB49665B1AE70E0D11E.taxon	description	Fig. 11	en	Lewis, Jake H., Kojima, Hiroaki, Campbell, Erin O. (2025): A Japan-focused review of East Asian Acicnemis Fairmaire, 1849 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) reveals cryptic diversity in a well-studied region. ZooKeys 1259: 103-167, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.164450
F2EFD8DB464C5BB49665B1AE70E0D11E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body length 4.8 mm. This is the only species covered here with costate elytra (on the 2 nd, 4 th, and 6 th intervals). Also, is has erect, elongate scales along the odd-numbered elytral intervals (as in A. ryukyuana).	en	Lewis, Jake H., Kojima, Hiroaki, Campbell, Erin O. (2025): A Japan-focused review of East Asian Acicnemis Fairmaire, 1849 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) reveals cryptic diversity in a well-studied region. ZooKeys 1259: 103-167, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.164450
F2EFD8DB464C5BB49665B1AE70E0D11E.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Acicnemis costulifera is recorded from Taiwan and Japan in Alonso-Zarazaga et al. (2023); however, Hubenthal (1919 b) states that the holotype collection locality is unknown. We examined the holotype specimen and indeed, it does lack labels with any locality data. Furthermore, no specimens of this species collected from Japan were encountered in any of the examined collections. As such, we are confident that the record of this species from Japan is erroneous, and that the record from Taiwan should be treated with suspicion until additional specimens are found.	en	Lewis, Jake H., Kojima, Hiroaki, Campbell, Erin O. (2025): A Japan-focused review of East Asian Acicnemis Fairmaire, 1849 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) reveals cryptic diversity in a well-studied region. ZooKeys 1259: 103-167, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.164450
183AA775DE6B51CB82458DC267CF10C2.taxon	description	Figs 6 C 1 – 6, 2, 12	en	Lewis, Jake H., Kojima, Hiroaki, Campbell, Erin O. (2025): A Japan-focused review of East Asian Acicnemis Fairmaire, 1849 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) reveals cryptic diversity in a well-studied region. ZooKeys 1259: 103-167, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.164450
183AA775DE6B51CB82458DC267CF10C2.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body length 4.9 – 7.0 mm. Covered in dark to pale gray and black scales. Pronotum covered in black scales medially, but with white to yellow scales laterally (compare with A. albofasciata which also has white lateral pronotal bands, but bordered by black scales at the lateral-most extreme of the pronotum). Apical 1 / 2 of elytra with a V-shaped patch of white scales. Pronotum evenly punctured across dorsal surface, but often with shiny, impunctate longitudinal midline. Scutellum bare over anterior 1 / 2 of dorsal surface, otherwise covered in pale yellowish scales. Only odd elytral intervals with erect scales (even elytral intervals may possess erect scales at the extreme elytral apex). Sclerolepidia distinct and protruding. Third tarsomeres distinctly emarginate. Pedon with lateral edges approx. parallel in dorsal view, but sinuating into an acute point (Fig. 6 C 1 – 2). Internal sac without tuberculate or roughened musculature inside the aedeagus (compare with A. albofasciata, which has a tuberculate internal sac visible inside the aedeagus), but with hook-shaped protruding structure surrounded by tuberculate, roughened musculature.	en	Lewis, Jake H., Kojima, Hiroaki, Campbell, Erin O. (2025): A Japan-focused review of East Asian Acicnemis Fairmaire, 1849 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) reveals cryptic diversity in a well-studied region. ZooKeys 1259: 103-167, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.164450
183AA775DE6B51CB82458DC267CF10C2.taxon	distribution	Distribution. This species is endemic to mainland Japan (excluding Hokkaido), north from Aomori Prefecture and south to Kyushu (Oita Prefecture, Fukuoka Prefecture).	en	Lewis, Jake H., Kojima, Hiroaki, Campbell, Erin O. (2025): A Japan-focused review of East Asian Acicnemis Fairmaire, 1849 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) reveals cryptic diversity in a well-studied region. ZooKeys 1259: 103-167, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.164450
183AA775DE6B51CB82458DC267CF10C2.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name cryptica is a reference to the remarkable similarity of this species in external morphology to A. albofasciata and also explains why it was overlooked for decades. We also suggest the Japanese common name ハイイロカレキゾウムシ [Haiiro-kareki-zoumushi], which translates in English to “ Gray-dead-wood-weevil ”.	en	Lewis, Jake H., Kojima, Hiroaki, Campbell, Erin O. (2025): A Japan-focused review of East Asian Acicnemis Fairmaire, 1849 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) reveals cryptic diversity in a well-studied region. ZooKeys 1259: 103-167, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.164450
0B173776B8925A96AF787090D19F92E6.taxon	description	Figs 6 D 1 – 6, 2, 13	en	Lewis, Jake H., Kojima, Hiroaki, Campbell, Erin O. (2025): A Japan-focused review of East Asian Acicnemis Fairmaire, 1849 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) reveals cryptic diversity in a well-studied region. ZooKeys 1259: 103-167, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.164450
0B173776B8925A96AF787090D19F92E6.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body length 4.2 – 7.0 mm. Covered in black and dark gray scales, with two V-shaped, transverse white and black bands across middle of elytra. Pronotum with weakly patterned gray, black and faint yellow scales. Scutellum covered loosely in yellow scales (denuded in many specimens). Only odd elytral intervals with erect scales across elytral disk (some erect scales on 2 nd interval in apical fourth of elytra). Sclerolepidia distinct and protruding. Third tarsomeres distinctly emarginate. Pedon with lateral edges approx. parallel in dorsal view, but converging evenly into a moderately acute point. Internal sac not visible inside aedeagus, but with a non-hooked protruding structure (unmodified in posterior 1 / 2, with roughened in anterior 1 / 2) that is clearly longer than pedon (Fig. 6 D 1 – 2).	en	Lewis, Jake H., Kojima, Hiroaki, Campbell, Erin O. (2025): A Japan-focused review of East Asian Acicnemis Fairmaire, 1849 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) reveals cryptic diversity in a well-studied region. ZooKeys 1259: 103-167, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.164450
0B173776B8925A96AF787090D19F92E6.taxon	distribution	Distribution. This subspecies occurs in mainland Japan (central Japan south to Yakushima Island) and adjunctly on Hachijo Island (Tokyo Metropolis).	en	Lewis, Jake H., Kojima, Hiroaki, Campbell, Erin O. (2025): A Japan-focused review of East Asian Acicnemis Fairmaire, 1849 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) reveals cryptic diversity in a well-studied region. ZooKeys 1259: 103-167, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.164450
2923444FAAB05781AB1191A0E92145B5.taxon	description	Figs 1, 14	en	Lewis, Jake H., Kojima, Hiroaki, Campbell, Erin O. (2025): A Japan-focused review of East Asian Acicnemis Fairmaire, 1849 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) reveals cryptic diversity in a well-studied region. ZooKeys 1259: 103-167, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.164450
2923444FAAB05781AB1191A0E92145B5.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body length 4.8 – 6.5 mm. Identical to A. dividicincta dividicincta above, differing from that species only in possessing somewhat paler gray scales.	en	Lewis, Jake H., Kojima, Hiroaki, Campbell, Erin O. (2025): A Japan-focused review of East Asian Acicnemis Fairmaire, 1849 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) reveals cryptic diversity in a well-studied region. ZooKeys 1259: 103-167, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.164450
2923444FAAB05781AB1191A0E92145B5.taxon	distribution	Distribution. This subspecies occurs on Amami-Oshima (Kagoshima Prefecture) and Okinawa Island (Okinawa Prefecture).	en	Lewis, Jake H., Kojima, Hiroaki, Campbell, Erin O. (2025): A Japan-focused review of East Asian Acicnemis Fairmaire, 1849 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) reveals cryptic diversity in a well-studied region. ZooKeys 1259: 103-167, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.164450
A9AD03D2B69C5CFDA239305F33D36AA1.taxon	description	Figs 1, 6 E 1 – 6, 2, 15	en	Lewis, Jake H., Kojima, Hiroaki, Campbell, Erin O. (2025): A Japan-focused review of East Asian Acicnemis Fairmaire, 1849 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) reveals cryptic diversity in a well-studied region. ZooKeys 1259: 103-167, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.164450
A9AD03D2B69C5CFDA239305F33D36AA1.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body length 2.1 – 3.0 mm. Covered in pale brown, white, and gray scales, with two white-scaled spots in the apical 1 / 2 of the elytra. Scutellum covered in yellow scales. Only odd elytral intervals with erect scales. Sclerolepidia small but protruding. Third tarsomeres distinctly emarginate. Pedon with lateral edges approx. parallel in dorsal view, but converging evenly into a rounded point. Internal sac without tuberculate or roughened musculature inside the aedeagus, but with a non-hooked protruding structure (unmodified in posterior 2 / 3, sclerotized in anterior 1 / 3) that reaches the tip of the temo (Fig. 6 E 1 – 2).	en	Lewis, Jake H., Kojima, Hiroaki, Campbell, Erin O. (2025): A Japan-focused review of East Asian Acicnemis Fairmaire, 1849 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) reveals cryptic diversity in a well-studied region. ZooKeys 1259: 103-167, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.164450
A9AD03D2B69C5CFDA239305F33D36AA1.taxon	distribution	Distribution. This small species occurs throughout the Ryukyu Islands (southern Kagoshima Prefecture and Okinawa Prefecture, Japan) as well as Taiwan.	en	Lewis, Jake H., Kojima, Hiroaki, Campbell, Erin O. (2025): A Japan-focused review of East Asian Acicnemis Fairmaire, 1849 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) reveals cryptic diversity in a well-studied region. ZooKeys 1259: 103-167, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.164450
D31A94491053581F892CFEBD2F63C355.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Acicnemis variegata Fairmaire, 1849 (by subsequent designation).	en	Lewis, Jake H., Kojima, Hiroaki, Campbell, Erin O. (2025): A Japan-focused review of East Asian Acicnemis Fairmaire, 1849 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) reveals cryptic diversity in a well-studied region. ZooKeys 1259: 103-167, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.164450
D31A94491053581F892CFEBD2F63C355.taxon	description	Description. Body length 2.0 – 12.0 mm. Scale pattern: Usually cryptically patterned with contrasting brown, black, gray, and dull yellow scales. Pronotum and elytra often with erect scales. Head: Rostrum evenly curved in most species, and variably longer in females than in males; eyes large, ovate, and non-contiguous; antennae with seven-articled funicle. Prothorax: Densely punctate; pronotum often with tufts of erect scales; prosternum lacking well defined prosternal canal. Elytra: Scutellum varied (large, plate-like, naked scutellum in some species, or small and covered in scales in others); erect scales often only on odd-numbered elytral intervals; elytra unmodified in most species, costate in a few; elytra with apical projections in some species (A. laticollis Pascoe, 1885); low tubercles along elytral intervals in some species, absent in most; volant, hind wings functional. Thorax: Sclerolepidia varied: prominent and protruding in some species, forming low, indistinct tubercles in others. Abdomen: First and second sternites variably concave medially in males (convex or flat in females). Legs: Femora all bearing a large ventral tooth (simple in most species, serrated in a few); forelegs elongate in some species (e. g., A. longimana Hubenthal, 1922); third tarsomeres emarginate (bilobed) in most species, truncate in a few; tarsal claws simple.	en	Lewis, Jake H., Kojima, Hiroaki, Campbell, Erin O. (2025): A Japan-focused review of East Asian Acicnemis Fairmaire, 1849 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) reveals cryptic diversity in a well-studied region. ZooKeys 1259: 103-167, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.164450
D31A94491053581F892CFEBD2F63C355.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Acicnemis species are broadly distributed across the Palearctic Region (Azerbaijan, China, Georgia, Japan, Korean archipelago, Russia, Taiwan), the Oriental Region (Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam), the Australasian Region (Australia, Fiji, New Guinea, Samoa, Tahiti, Tonga), and apparently also the Afrotropical Region (Nigeria) (Hubenthal 1919 a, b; Zimmerman 1967; Alonso-Zarazaga and Lyal 1999; Kojima and Morimoto 2004; Oziegbe and Faluyi 2010; Pullen et al. 2014; Alonso-Zarazaga et al. 2023).	en	Lewis, Jake H., Kojima, Hiroaki, Campbell, Erin O. (2025): A Japan-focused review of East Asian Acicnemis Fairmaire, 1849 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) reveals cryptic diversity in a well-studied region. ZooKeys 1259: 103-167, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.164450
CE8417E50CC25A60A94704F37FED721C.taxon	description	Figs 2 C, 3 B, 4 A, 6 F 1 – 6, 2, 16	en	Lewis, Jake H., Kojima, Hiroaki, Campbell, Erin O. (2025): A Japan-focused review of East Asian Acicnemis Fairmaire, 1849 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) reveals cryptic diversity in a well-studied region. ZooKeys 1259: 103-167, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.164450
CE8417E50CC25A60A94704F37FED721C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body length 4.5 – 7.0 mm. Covered in pale and dark brown scales, with two obliquely shaped pale brownish, black-bordered spots across middle of elytra. Second funicular antennomere longer than funicular antennomeres 3 + 4 (Fig. 2 C) (compare with A. koguma, which has the second funicular antennomere shorter than funicular antennomeres 3 + 4). Pronotum lacking impunctate longitudinal midline (present in A. koguma). Scutellum diagnostic: large, shiny, and lacking scales (Fig. 3 B). Odd and 2 nd elytral intervals with erect scales (scales beginning at middle of elytra on 2 nd interval; from elytral base on odd intervals). Sclerolepidia indistinct, forming low, rounded, non-protruding tubercles (Fig. 4 A). Third tarsomeres emarginate (not truncate as in A. koguma). Pedon with lateral edges approx. parallel in dorsal view but converging evenly into a wide, blunt point. Internal sac not visible inside the aedeagus, but with a non-hooked protruding structure (unmodified in posterior 1 / 2, with roughened in anterior 1 / 2) that is clearly longer than the pedon (Fig. 6 F 1 – 2).	en	Lewis, Jake H., Kojima, Hiroaki, Campbell, Erin O. (2025): A Japan-focused review of East Asian Acicnemis Fairmaire, 1849 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) reveals cryptic diversity in a well-studied region. ZooKeys 1259: 103-167, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.164450
CE8417E50CC25A60A94704F37FED721C.taxon	distribution	Distribution. This distinctive species occurs in Japan (mainland, throughout the Ryukyu Islands) and Taiwan.	en	Lewis, Jake H., Kojima, Hiroaki, Campbell, Erin O. (2025): A Japan-focused review of East Asian Acicnemis Fairmaire, 1849 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) reveals cryptic diversity in a well-studied region. ZooKeys 1259: 103-167, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.164450
6FA0DC04D9645807AD2E8B6E193B52DE.taxon	description	Figs 2 D, 3 C, 17	en	Lewis, Jake H., Kojima, Hiroaki, Campbell, Erin O. (2025): A Japan-focused review of East Asian Acicnemis Fairmaire, 1849 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) reveals cryptic diversity in a well-studied region. ZooKeys 1259: 103-167, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.164450
6FA0DC04D9645807AD2E8B6E193B52DE.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body length 4.5 – 7.0 mm. Covered in pale and dark brown scales, with two obliquely shaped pale brownish, black-bordered spots across middle of elytra. Second funicular antennomere shorter than funicular antennomeres 3 + 4 (Fig. 2 D) (longer in A. kiotoensis). Pronotum with impunctate longitudinal midline (absent in A. kiotoensis). Scutellum large (somewhat narrower than A. kiotoensis) and bare dorsally but bordered laterally by pale yellow scales (Fig. 3 C). Only odd elytral intervals with erect scales (some erect scales on 2 nd interval in apical fifth of elytra) (A. kiotoensis with erect scales on the 2 nd elytral interval). Sclerolepidia indistinct, forming low, rounded, non-protruding tubercles. Third tarsomeres truncate (emarginate in A. kiotoensis).	en	Lewis, Jake H., Kojima, Hiroaki, Campbell, Erin O. (2025): A Japan-focused review of East Asian Acicnemis Fairmaire, 1849 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) reveals cryptic diversity in a well-studied region. ZooKeys 1259: 103-167, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.164450
6FA0DC04D9645807AD2E8B6E193B52DE.taxon	distribution	Distribution. This rare species is only known from two localities in mainland Japan, Mt. Takao (Tokyo Metropolis) and Mt. Otoh (Wakayama Prefecture).	en	Lewis, Jake H., Kojima, Hiroaki, Campbell, Erin O. (2025): A Japan-focused review of East Asian Acicnemis Fairmaire, 1849 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) reveals cryptic diversity in a well-studied region. ZooKeys 1259: 103-167, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.164450
6FA0DC04D9645807AD2E8B6E193B52DE.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name koguma means little bear in Japanese, and is a reference to the apparent mountain-loving preference and small, brown nature of this rarely observed weevil species. We also suggest the Japanese common name コグマカレキゾウムシ [Koguma-kareki-zoumushi], which in English means “ Little-bear-dead-tree-weevil ”.	en	Lewis, Jake H., Kojima, Hiroaki, Campbell, Erin O. (2025): A Japan-focused review of East Asian Acicnemis Fairmaire, 1849 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) reveals cryptic diversity in a well-studied region. ZooKeys 1259: 103-167, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.164450
BBBD59AA596D5FC7A6ECA6D76421B4F8.taxon	description	Figs 1, 2 B, 6 G 1 – 6, 2, 18	en	Lewis, Jake H., Kojima, Hiroaki, Campbell, Erin O. (2025): A Japan-focused review of East Asian Acicnemis Fairmaire, 1849 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) reveals cryptic diversity in a well-studied region. ZooKeys 1259: 103-167, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.164450
BBBD59AA596D5FC7A6ECA6D76421B4F8.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body length 4.1 – 5.8 mm. Covered in pale brown scales, with alternating white and black scaled bands on odd elytral intervals. Scutellum covered in yellow to brown scales. Only odd elytral intervals with erect scales. Sclerolepidia distinct and protruding. Posterior edge of prosternum with prominent projections contiguous with the fore-coxae (Fig. 2 B). Third tarsomeres distinctly emarginate. Pedon with lateral edges approx. parallel in dorsal view, but converging evenly into a moderately acute point in apical 1 / 2. Internal sac protruding and with two bead-shaped sclerotized structures in basal 1 / 2, and a vase-shaped structure in apical 1 / 2 with roughened musculature (Fig. 6 G 1 – 2).	en	Lewis, Jake H., Kojima, Hiroaki, Campbell, Erin O. (2025): A Japan-focused review of East Asian Acicnemis Fairmaire, 1849 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) reveals cryptic diversity in a well-studied region. ZooKeys 1259: 103-167, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.164450
BBBD59AA596D5FC7A6ECA6D76421B4F8.taxon	distribution	Distribution. We only encountered this species from Taiwan. The records from Japan and the Kuril Islands (Russia / Japan) noted in Alonso-Zarazaga et al. (2023) are almost certainly erroneous and this species may have been confused with A. azumai. This species may plausibly occur in mainland Asia (China) (listed as occurring there by Alonso-Zarazaga et al. (2023)), but we have yet to examine any specimens of A. laeta from this region.	en	Lewis, Jake H., Kojima, Hiroaki, Campbell, Erin O. (2025): A Japan-focused review of East Asian Acicnemis Fairmaire, 1849 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) reveals cryptic diversity in a well-studied region. ZooKeys 1259: 103-167, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.164450
DDDC73717A1C5A5B942A07135233633F.taxon	description	Figs 1, 2 E, 6 H 1 – 6, 2, 19	en	Lewis, Jake H., Kojima, Hiroaki, Campbell, Erin O. (2025): A Japan-focused review of East Asian Acicnemis Fairmaire, 1849 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) reveals cryptic diversity in a well-studied region. ZooKeys 1259: 103-167, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.164450
DDDC73717A1C5A5B942A07135233633F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body length 4.0 – 5.4 mm. Covered in pale brown scales, with two obliquely shaped tan-colored, black-bordered spots across middle of elytra. Pronotum lacking impunctate longitudinal midline (present in A. koguma). Scutellum sparsely covered in pale yellow scales. All elytral intervals with erect scales. Sclerolepidia indistinct, forming low, rounded, non-protruding tubercles. Third tarsomeres distinctly truncate (Fig. 2 E) (compare with the superficially similar A. kiotoensis, A. maculaalba, and A. sauteri, which all have emarginate third tarsomeres). Pedon with lateral edges approx. parallel in dorsal view, but converging evenly into a blunt, rounded point. Internal sac not visible inside the aedeagus, but with a basal projection that bears a distinctive rectangular sclerite anteriorly at its apex (Fig. 6 H 1 – 2).	en	Lewis, Jake H., Kojima, Hiroaki, Campbell, Erin O. (2025): A Japan-focused review of East Asian Acicnemis Fairmaire, 1849 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) reveals cryptic diversity in a well-studied region. ZooKeys 1259: 103-167, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.164450
DDDC73717A1C5A5B942A07135233633F.taxon	distribution	Distribution. This species is found in mainland Japan (except Hokkaido) and has also been reported from South Korea (Park et al. 2009).	en	Lewis, Jake H., Kojima, Hiroaki, Campbell, Erin O. (2025): A Japan-focused review of East Asian Acicnemis Fairmaire, 1849 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) reveals cryptic diversity in a well-studied region. ZooKeys 1259: 103-167, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.164450
874918711E505A9BAD08F51AD234E18C.taxon	description	Figs 1, 2 G, 3 D, 6 I 1 – 6, 2, 20	en	Lewis, Jake H., Kojima, Hiroaki, Campbell, Erin O. (2025): A Japan-focused review of East Asian Acicnemis Fairmaire, 1849 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) reveals cryptic diversity in a well-studied region. ZooKeys 1259: 103-167, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.164450
874918711E505A9BAD08F51AD234E18C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body length 2.6 – 5.0 mm. Covered in pale and dark brown scales, with two obliquely shaped pale brownish, black-bordered spots across middle of elytra. Pronotum lacking impunctate longitudinal midline (present in A. koguma). Scutellum small, bordered by pale, yellow scales, and weakly bare dorsally or covered in scales (Fig. 3 D) (compare with A. kiotoensis which possesses a large, broad, bare scutellum). Odd, 2 nd, and 4 th elytral intervals with erect scales. Sclerolepidia indistinct, forming low, rounded, non-protruding tubercles. Third tarsomeres emarginate (Fig. 2 G) (as opposed to truncate, as in A. koguma). Pedon with lateral edges approx. parallel in dorsal view but converging in distal 1 / 2 evenly into a blunt point. Pedon stout (pedon length / total aedeagus length including temo = 0.2). Internal sac protruding and with roughened musculature across length; with two bent, tube-like sclerotized structures anteriorly at its apex (Fig. 6 I 1 – 2).	en	Lewis, Jake H., Kojima, Hiroaki, Campbell, Erin O. (2025): A Japan-focused review of East Asian Acicnemis Fairmaire, 1849 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) reveals cryptic diversity in a well-studied region. ZooKeys 1259: 103-167, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.164450
874918711E505A9BAD08F51AD234E18C.taxon	distribution	Distribution. This species occurs broadly throughout Japan (mainland Japan and Ryukyu Islands) and Taiwan and is also recorded from China by Alonso-Zarazaga et al. (2023).	en	Lewis, Jake H., Kojima, Hiroaki, Campbell, Erin O. (2025): A Japan-focused review of East Asian Acicnemis Fairmaire, 1849 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) reveals cryptic diversity in a well-studied region. ZooKeys 1259: 103-167, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.164450
3A98A0486003545BA3018AA6A9CF6822.taxon	description	Figs 6 J 1 – 6, 2, 21	en	Lewis, Jake H., Kojima, Hiroaki, Campbell, Erin O. (2025): A Japan-focused review of East Asian Acicnemis Fairmaire, 1849 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) reveals cryptic diversity in a well-studied region. ZooKeys 1259: 103-167, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.164450
3A98A0486003545BA3018AA6A9CF6822.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body length 4.1 – 5.2 mm. Covered in dark gray and black scales, with a pale-yellow scale, V-shaped, transverse band across middle of elytra. Basal patch of black scales surrounding scutellum approx. V-shaped and extending prominently onto the second elytral intervals (as opposed to the similar A. nohirai which has an elongate I-shaped patch of black scales on the first elytral interval that barely extends on the second elytral interval basally). Pronotum lacking impunctate longitudinal midline (present in A. koguma). Scutellum covered in pale scales. Elytra with erect scales only on odd intervals. Sclerolepidia distinct and protruding. Third tarsomeres distinctly emarginate. Pedon with lateral edges approx. parallel in dorsal view, but sinuating into a blunt, rounded point. Internal sac protruding from aedeagus, with roughened musculature posteriorly and a club-shaped sclerotized structure anteriorly at its apex (Fig. 6 J 1 – 2).	en	Lewis, Jake H., Kojima, Hiroaki, Campbell, Erin O. (2025): A Japan-focused review of East Asian Acicnemis Fairmaire, 1849 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) reveals cryptic diversity in a well-studied region. ZooKeys 1259: 103-167, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.164450
3A98A0486003545BA3018AA6A9CF6822.taxon	distribution	Distribution. This species is currently only known from Taiwan.	en	Lewis, Jake H., Kojima, Hiroaki, Campbell, Erin O. (2025): A Japan-focused review of East Asian Acicnemis Fairmaire, 1849 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) reveals cryptic diversity in a well-studied region. ZooKeys 1259: 103-167, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.164450
99B40C3B45FA56D283181925B0964925.taxon	description	Figs 1, 6 K 1 – 6, 2, 22	en	Lewis, Jake H., Kojima, Hiroaki, Campbell, Erin O. (2025): A Japan-focused review of East Asian Acicnemis Fairmaire, 1849 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) reveals cryptic diversity in a well-studied region. ZooKeys 1259: 103-167, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.164450
99B40C3B45FA56D283181925B0964925.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body length 4.9 – 6.0 mm. Covered in dark gray and black scales, with a white-scaled, V-shaped, transverse band across middle of elytra. Elytra with elongate I-shaped patch of black scales on the first elytral interval (surrounding the scutellum) that barely extends onto the second elytral interval. Pronotum lacking impunctate longitudinal midline (present in A. koguma). Scutellum covered in dark brown scales. Elytra with erect scales only on odd intervals. Sclerolepidia distinct and protruding. Third tarsomeres distinctly emarginate. Pedon with lateral edges approx. parallel in dorsal view, but converging evenly into a blunt, rounded point. Internal sac not visible inside aedeagus, but with protruding basal structure that bears a prong-shaped sclerite anteriorly at its apex (Fig. 6 K 1 – 2).	en	Lewis, Jake H., Kojima, Hiroaki, Campbell, Erin O. (2025): A Japan-focused review of East Asian Acicnemis Fairmaire, 1849 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) reveals cryptic diversity in a well-studied region. ZooKeys 1259: 103-167, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.164450
99B40C3B45FA56D283181925B0964925.taxon	distribution	Distribution. This species is apparently endemic to mainland Japan and occurs from Hokkaido south to Kyushu (Oita Prefecture).	en	Lewis, Jake H., Kojima, Hiroaki, Campbell, Erin O. (2025): A Japan-focused review of East Asian Acicnemis Fairmaire, 1849 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) reveals cryptic diversity in a well-studied region. ZooKeys 1259: 103-167, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.164450
2D859A7357DE559B94B24FCD616645CF.taxon	description	Figs 3 E, 4 B, 6 L 1 – 6, 2, 23	en	Lewis, Jake H., Kojima, Hiroaki, Campbell, Erin O. (2025): A Japan-focused review of East Asian Acicnemis Fairmaire, 1849 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) reveals cryptic diversity in a well-studied region. ZooKeys 1259: 103-167, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.164450
2D859A7357DE559B94B24FCD616645CF.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body length 6.1 – 7.0 mm. Covered in pale brown, dark gray, and black scales, with a tan-colored, V-shaped, transverse band across middle of elytra. Pronotum lacking impunctate longitudinal midline (present in A. koguma). Scutellum bordered by pale brown scales, but conspicuously bare and shiny dorsally (Fig. 3 E). Elytra with erect scales only on odd intervals. Sclerolepidia distinct and protruding (Fig. 4 B). Third tarsomeres distinctly emarginate. Pedon with lateral edges approx. parallel in dorsal view, but converging evenly into a blunt, rounded point. Internal sac not visible inside aedeagus, but with a protruding basal structure that bears two hook-like structures anteriorly at the apex that are curved 90 degrees inward (Fig. 6 L 1 – 2).	en	Lewis, Jake H., Kojima, Hiroaki, Campbell, Erin O. (2025): A Japan-focused review of East Asian Acicnemis Fairmaire, 1849 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) reveals cryptic diversity in a well-studied region. ZooKeys 1259: 103-167, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.164450
2D859A7357DE559B94B24FCD616645CF.taxon	distribution	Distribution. This species occurs in Japan (mainland) and China, and has also been reported from South Korea (Park et al. 2009) and the Kuril Islands (Alonso-Zarazaga et al. 2023).	en	Lewis, Jake H., Kojima, Hiroaki, Campbell, Erin O. (2025): A Japan-focused review of East Asian Acicnemis Fairmaire, 1849 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) reveals cryptic diversity in a well-studied region. ZooKeys 1259: 103-167, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.164450
C54830051F165B59A4CFC62B2EA1A456.taxon	description	Figs 1, 6 M 1 – 6, 2, 24	en	Lewis, Jake H., Kojima, Hiroaki, Campbell, Erin O. (2025): A Japan-focused review of East Asian Acicnemis Fairmaire, 1849 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) reveals cryptic diversity in a well-studied region. ZooKeys 1259: 103-167, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.164450
C54830051F165B59A4CFC62B2EA1A456.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body length 3.2 – 5.2 mm. Covered in orange, white, dark and pale gray scales. Elytra with inner five or six intervals black and gray; outer intervals with pale brown to orange scales; with V-shaped band of white scales along middle three or four intervals in center of elytra. Pronotum lacking impunctate longitudinal midline (present in A. koguma). Scutellum small and covered in erect, hair-like yellow scales. Elytra with erect scales only on odd intervals. Sclerolepidia distinct and protruding. Third tarsomeres emarginate. Metatibia evenly curved, not sinuate as in most other species. Pedon with lateral edges approx. parallel in dorsal view, but converging evenly into a blunt, rounded point. Internal sac not visible inside aedeagus, but protruding and with two sclerotized cylinder-shaped structures posteriorly near the base (Fig. 6 M 1 – 2).	en	Lewis, Jake H., Kojima, Hiroaki, Campbell, Erin O. (2025): A Japan-focused review of East Asian Acicnemis Fairmaire, 1849 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) reveals cryptic diversity in a well-studied region. ZooKeys 1259: 103-167, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.164450
C54830051F165B59A4CFC62B2EA1A456.taxon	distribution	Distribution. This species occurs commonly throughout southern Japan (Ryukyu Islands) and Taiwan.	en	Lewis, Jake H., Kojima, Hiroaki, Campbell, Erin O. (2025): A Japan-focused review of East Asian Acicnemis Fairmaire, 1849 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) reveals cryptic diversity in a well-studied region. ZooKeys 1259: 103-167, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.164450
9B3885269B1E5202BB6E58F07231B225.taxon	description	Figs 1, 2 F, 6 N 1 – 6, 2, 25, 32 A, C	en	Lewis, Jake H., Kojima, Hiroaki, Campbell, Erin O. (2025): A Japan-focused review of East Asian Acicnemis Fairmaire, 1849 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) reveals cryptic diversity in a well-studied region. ZooKeys 1259: 103-167, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.164450
9B3885269B1E5202BB6E58F07231B225.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body length 3.2 – 5.0 mm. Covered in dark gray, black, and bright yellow scales, with a black-bordered, yellow spot at the center of each elytron. Apex of elytra covered in yellow scales, and contrasting with overall dark dorsal surface of elytra. Pronotum lacking impunctate longitudinal midline (present in A. koguma), but with an M-shaped band of yellow scales. Scutellum small, red, shiny, and largely bare over dorsal surface. Elytra with long, erect scales only on odd intervals. Sclerolepidia distinct and protruding. Third tarsomeres weakly emarginate to truncate (Fig. 2 F). Pedon with lateral edges approx. parallel in dorsal view, but converging evenly into a blunt, rounded point. Internal sac not visible inside aedeagus, but with protruding basal structure that bears a distinctive U-shaped formation anteriorly at its apex (Fig. 6 N 1 – 2).	en	Lewis, Jake H., Kojima, Hiroaki, Campbell, Erin O. (2025): A Japan-focused review of East Asian Acicnemis Fairmaire, 1849 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) reveals cryptic diversity in a well-studied region. ZooKeys 1259: 103-167, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.164450
9B3885269B1E5202BB6E58F07231B225.taxon	distribution	Distribution. This species is known only from Okinawa Prefecture, Japan (Yambaru National Park (Okinawa Island) and forested regions of Ishigaki Island.	en	Lewis, Jake H., Kojima, Hiroaki, Campbell, Erin O. (2025): A Japan-focused review of East Asian Acicnemis Fairmaire, 1849 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) reveals cryptic diversity in a well-studied region. ZooKeys 1259: 103-167, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.164450
5D5F21B1AD665E6F806788A6CA815813.taxon	description	Figs 1, 6 O 1 – 6, 2, 26	en	Lewis, Jake H., Kojima, Hiroaki, Campbell, Erin O. (2025): A Japan-focused review of East Asian Acicnemis Fairmaire, 1849 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) reveals cryptic diversity in a well-studied region. ZooKeys 1259: 103-167, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.164450
5D5F21B1AD665E6F806788A6CA815813.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body length 4.9 – 6.2 mm. Covered in pale and dark brown scales, with two obliquely shaped white, black-bordered spots across middle of elytra. Pronotum lacking impunctate longitudinal midline (present in A. koguma). Scutellum small, bordered by pale yellow scales, and weakly bare antero-dorsally (compare with A. kiotoensis which possesses a large, broad, bare scutellum). Odd and 2 nd elytral intervals with erect scales (4 th elytral interval also occasionally with 1 – 2 scales near white spot). Sclerolepidia indistinct, forming low, rounded, non-protruding tubercles. Third tarsomeres emarginate (as opposed to truncate, as in A. koguma). Pedon with lateral edges approx. parallel in dorsal view, but converging in distal 1 / 2 evenly into a blunt point. Pedon elongate (pedon length / total aedeagus length including temo = 0.26). Internal sac protruding and unmodified in the posterior 1 / 2, but with roughened musculature in anterior 1 / 2 (Fig. 6 O 1 – 2).	en	Lewis, Jake H., Kojima, Hiroaki, Campbell, Erin O. (2025): A Japan-focused review of East Asian Acicnemis Fairmaire, 1849 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) reveals cryptic diversity in a well-studied region. ZooKeys 1259: 103-167, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.164450
5D5F21B1AD665E6F806788A6CA815813.taxon	distribution	Distribution. This species occurs in southern Japan (Kagoshima Prefecture) and Taiwan, and has also been recorded from South Korea (Alonso-Zarazaga et al. 2023). The apparent lack of this species in the southern Ryukyu Islands (Okinawa Prefecture) is odd; however, similar patterns are known in other weevils (e. g., Aphanerostethus magnus Lewis & Kojima, 2024)	en	Lewis, Jake H., Kojima, Hiroaki, Campbell, Erin O. (2025): A Japan-focused review of East Asian Acicnemis Fairmaire, 1849 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) reveals cryptic diversity in a well-studied region. ZooKeys 1259: 103-167, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.164450
F6287459457D5125A8A12D3A16A2CFE4.taxon	description	Figs 6 P 1 – 6, 2, 27	en	Lewis, Jake H., Kojima, Hiroaki, Campbell, Erin O. (2025): A Japan-focused review of East Asian Acicnemis Fairmaire, 1849 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) reveals cryptic diversity in a well-studied region. ZooKeys 1259: 103-167, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.164450
F6287459457D5125A8A12D3A16A2CFE4.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body length 3.0 – 3.8 mm. Covered in dark and pale brown, white, and black scales, with a white-scaled, V-shaped band in the center of the elytron. Pronotum lacking distinct longitudinal, impunctate midline (present in A. koguma). Scutellum covered in pale scales. Elytra with erect scales only on odd intervals. Sclerolepidia distinct and protruding. Third tarsomeres emarginate. Pedon tube-shaped with lateral edges approx. parallel in dorsal view, but sinuating evenly into a blunt, rounded point. Internal sac with a small sclerotized structure posteriorly, and two prong-like structures anteriorly at its apex (Fig. 6 P 1 – 2).	en	Lewis, Jake H., Kojima, Hiroaki, Campbell, Erin O. (2025): A Japan-focused review of East Asian Acicnemis Fairmaire, 1849 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) reveals cryptic diversity in a well-studied region. ZooKeys 1259: 103-167, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.164450
F6287459457D5125A8A12D3A16A2CFE4.taxon	distribution	Distribution. This species occurs in Japan (mainland, Ryukyu Islands south to Amami-Oshima), South Korea, and Taiwan.	en	Lewis, Jake H., Kojima, Hiroaki, Campbell, Erin O. (2025): A Japan-focused review of East Asian Acicnemis Fairmaire, 1849 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) reveals cryptic diversity in a well-studied region. ZooKeys 1259: 103-167, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.164450
B87BD5220EA3561BA8C43A55BE18EDB3.taxon	description	Figs 3 F, 6 Q 1 – 6, 2, 28	en	Lewis, Jake H., Kojima, Hiroaki, Campbell, Erin O. (2025): A Japan-focused review of East Asian Acicnemis Fairmaire, 1849 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) reveals cryptic diversity in a well-studied region. ZooKeys 1259: 103-167, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.164450
B87BD5220EA3561BA8C43A55BE18EDB3.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body length 5.1 – 7.0 mm. Covered in pale brown, dark gray, and black scales, with a tan-colored, V-shaped, transverse band across middle of elytra. Pronotum lacking distinct longitudinal, impunctate midline (present in A. koguma). Scutellum covered in pale scales (Fig. 3 F). Elytra with erect scales only on odd intervals. Sclerolepidia distinct and protruding. Third tarsomeres distinctly emarginate. Pedon with lateral edges approx. parallel in dorsal view, but weakly sinuating into a blunt, subtriangular point. Internal sac not visible inside aedeagus, but with a protruding basal structure extending to the end of the temo and tuberculate (roughened) musculature anteriorly at the apex (Fig. 6 Q 1 – 2).	en	Lewis, Jake H., Kojima, Hiroaki, Campbell, Erin O. (2025): A Japan-focused review of East Asian Acicnemis Fairmaire, 1849 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) reveals cryptic diversity in a well-studied region. ZooKeys 1259: 103-167, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.164450
B87BD5220EA3561BA8C43A55BE18EDB3.taxon	distribution	Distribution. This species is endemic to Okinawa Prefecture, Japan, and is currently only known from Ishigaki, Iriomote, and apparently also Okinawa Island.	en	Lewis, Jake H., Kojima, Hiroaki, Campbell, Erin O. (2025): A Japan-focused review of East Asian Acicnemis Fairmaire, 1849 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) reveals cryptic diversity in a well-studied region. ZooKeys 1259: 103-167, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.164450
DE46B977D1385A19A1AF1AE7EC20886C.taxon	description	Figs 1, 6 S 1 – 6, 2, 30	en	Lewis, Jake H., Kojima, Hiroaki, Campbell, Erin O. (2025): A Japan-focused review of East Asian Acicnemis Fairmaire, 1849 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) reveals cryptic diversity in a well-studied region. ZooKeys 1259: 103-167, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.164450
DE46B977D1385A19A1AF1AE7EC20886C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body length 3.0 – 4.4 mm. Covered in pale yellow, white, gray, and black scales. Pronotum with central longitudinal band of dark gray to black scales, bordered laterally by pale brown scales. Elytra with first intervals alternating black (at base of scutellum) and yellow; second to sixth intervals gray in posterior 1 / 2 of elytra, humeri with yellow to pale scales; apical 1 / 2 of elytra with transverse white V-shaped band extending from first to fifth intervals; apex of elytra largely with pale to yellow scales. Pronotum lacking impunctate longitudinal midline (present in A. koguma). Scutellum covered in bright yellow to dull gray scales. Only odd elytral intervals with erect scales. Sclerolepidia numerous, dense, and nub-like, protruding laterally outward. Third tarsomeres emarginate. Apex of pedon with distinct sinuation and pointed (Fig. 6 S 1 – 2). Internal sac of aedeagus distinctly scaly in appearance, protruding, and not extending to midpoint of temo; anterior apex of internal sac ending in two scaly feather-like tips (Fig. 6 S 1 – 2).	en	Lewis, Jake H., Kojima, Hiroaki, Campbell, Erin O. (2025): A Japan-focused review of East Asian Acicnemis Fairmaire, 1849 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) reveals cryptic diversity in a well-studied region. ZooKeys 1259: 103-167, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.164450
DE46B977D1385A19A1AF1AE7EC20886C.taxon	distribution	Distribution. This species is only known from mainland Japan, from Hokkaido south to Kyushu (Kumamoto Prefecture).	en	Lewis, Jake H., Kojima, Hiroaki, Campbell, Erin O. (2025): A Japan-focused review of East Asian Acicnemis Fairmaire, 1849 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) reveals cryptic diversity in a well-studied region. ZooKeys 1259: 103-167, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.164450
DE46B977D1385A19A1AF1AE7EC20886C.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name squamata is a reference to the diagnostic internal sac of the aedeagus which bears scaly patterning similar to snakeskin.	en	Lewis, Jake H., Kojima, Hiroaki, Campbell, Erin O. (2025): A Japan-focused review of East Asian Acicnemis Fairmaire, 1849 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) reveals cryptic diversity in a well-studied region. ZooKeys 1259: 103-167, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.164450
CDF7E3820987565CA9374527DCFB4285.taxon	description	Figs 6 T 1 – 6, 2, 31	en	Lewis, Jake H., Kojima, Hiroaki, Campbell, Erin O. (2025): A Japan-focused review of East Asian Acicnemis Fairmaire, 1849 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) reveals cryptic diversity in a well-studied region. ZooKeys 1259: 103-167, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.164450
CDF7E3820987565CA9374527DCFB4285.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body length 4.0 – 4.7 mm. Covered in pale brown, dark and pale gray, pale yellow, and black scales, with two small white spots on the elytra (one on each side) in the apical 1 / 2 of the elytra. Pronotum lacking impunctate longitudinal carina (present in A. koguma). Scutellum covered in pale scales. Elytra with erect scales only on odd intervals. Sclerolepidia distinct and protruding. Third tarsomeres distinctly emarginate. Pedon with lateral edges converging in dorsal view, sinuating into an elongate, tapered tip. Internal sac protruding from aedeagus, and with two cylinder-shaped sclerotized structures anteriorly at the apex (Fig. 6 T 1 – 2).	en	Lewis, Jake H., Kojima, Hiroaki, Campbell, Erin O. (2025): A Japan-focused review of East Asian Acicnemis Fairmaire, 1849 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) reveals cryptic diversity in a well-studied region. ZooKeys 1259: 103-167, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.164450
CDF7E3820987565CA9374527DCFB4285.taxon	distribution	Distribution. This distinctive species occurs in Japan (mainland), Taiwan, and has also been reported from South Korea and the Kuril Islands (Russia) (Park et al. 2009; Alonso-Zarazaga et al. 2023).	en	Lewis, Jake H., Kojima, Hiroaki, Campbell, Erin O. (2025): A Japan-focused review of East Asian Acicnemis Fairmaire, 1849 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) reveals cryptic diversity in a well-studied region. ZooKeys 1259: 103-167, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.164450
F14219CE481D553D900D14BA7FAE6024.taxon	description	Figs 6 R 1 – 6, 2, 29	en	Lewis, Jake H., Kojima, Hiroaki, Campbell, Erin O. (2025): A Japan-focused review of East Asian Acicnemis Fairmaire, 1849 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) reveals cryptic diversity in a well-studied region. ZooKeys 1259: 103-167, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.164450
F14219CE481D553D900D14BA7FAE6024.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body length 4.1 – 5.0 mm. Covered in pale and dark brown scales, with bright X-shaped band of white scales across apical 1 / 2 of elytra, which extends up to the elytra humeri. Distinctive bright white scale bands also present on hind femora. Pronotum lacking distinct longitudinal, impunctate midline (present in A. koguma). Scutellum small, bordered by pale, yellow scales, and weakly bare dorsally (or covered in scales); compare with A. kiotoensis which possesses a large, broad, bare scutellum. Only odd elytral intervals with broad, erect scales. Sclerolepidia numerous, dense, and nub-like, protruding laterally outward (unlike A. maculaalba, A. kiotoensis, and A. koguma which have indistinct, low, rounded sclerolepidia). Third tarsomeres emarginate (as opposed to truncate, as in A. koguma). Pedon with lateral edges approx. parallel in dorsal view, but sinuating in distal 1 / 2 into a distinct point. Internal sac protruding and clear across posterior 2 / 3; with two bean-shaped and U-shaped sclerotized structure anteriorly at apex (Fig. 6 R 1 – 2).	en	Lewis, Jake H., Kojima, Hiroaki, Campbell, Erin O. (2025): A Japan-focused review of East Asian Acicnemis Fairmaire, 1849 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) reveals cryptic diversity in a well-studied region. ZooKeys 1259: 103-167, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.164450
F14219CE481D553D900D14BA7FAE6024.taxon	distribution	Distribution. This widely distributed species occurs in Vietnam, Thailand, Myanmar, and Taiwan.	en	Lewis, Jake H., Kojima, Hiroaki, Campbell, Erin O. (2025): A Japan-focused review of East Asian Acicnemis Fairmaire, 1849 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) reveals cryptic diversity in a well-studied region. ZooKeys 1259: 103-167, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1259.164450
