taxonID	type	description	language	source
A376DC07FF84FFA96852FDCD5FC7FD09.taxon	description	Fig. 1	en	Shen, Huei-Ping, Csuzdi, Csaba, Chang, Chih-Han (2025): A re-examination of the pheretimoid earthworms reported in James et al. (2005), false synonymy between Drawida barwelli (Beddard, 1886) and Drawida beddardi (Rosa, 1890) and comments on recent publications on East and Southeast Asian earthworms. European Journal of Taxonomy 981 (1): 52-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.981.2817, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2817/12849
A376DC07FF84FFA96852FDCD5FC7FD09.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Length (clitellates) 72 – 116 mm. Segments numbering 95 – 113. Setae 33 – 42 in VII, 43 – 52 in XX, 10 – 13 between male pores. First dorsal pore in 11 / 12. Clitellum XIV – XVI. Spermathecal pores four pairs in 5 / 6 – 8 / 9, 0.30 – 0.31 body circumference ventrally apart. Male pores 0.23 – 0.30 body circumference ventrally apart in XVIII, each with an anteromedial and a posteromedial genital papilla. Genital papillae widely paired in presetal VIII – IX or VII – IX. Additional papillae often widely paired in postsetal VIII and occasionally present in postsetal VII. Spermathecae four pairs in VI – IX. Seminal vesicles large, two pairs in XI and XII. Prostate glands large, occupying four to six segments in XV – XX. Prostatic ducts long, U-shaped in XV – XVIII or XVI – XVIII. Accessory glands sessile in preclitellar region and absent in postclitellar region.	en	Shen, Huei-Ping, Csuzdi, Csaba, Chang, Chih-Han (2025): A re-examination of the pheretimoid earthworms reported in James et al. (2005), false synonymy between Drawida barwelli (Beddard, 1886) and Drawida beddardi (Rosa, 1890) and comments on recent publications on East and Southeast Asian earthworms. European Journal of Taxonomy 981 (1): 52-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.981.2817, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2817/12849
A376DC07FF84FFA96852FDCD5FC7FD09.taxon	etymology	Etymology The species is named after Dr. Chung-Chi Hwang who helped extensively with the collection work, as mentioned in James et al. (2005).	en	Shen, Huei-Ping, Csuzdi, Csaba, Chang, Chih-Han (2025): A re-examination of the pheretimoid earthworms reported in James et al. (2005), false synonymy between Drawida barwelli (Beddard, 1886) and Drawida beddardi (Rosa, 1890) and comments on recent publications on East and Southeast Asian earthworms. European Journal of Taxonomy 981 (1): 52-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.981.2817, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2817/12849
A376DC07FF84FFA96852FDCD5FC7FD09.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype TAIWAN • clitellate (mature) specimen; Nanrenshan, Kending, Pingtung County; 22 ° 05 ′ 03 ″ N, 120 ° 50 ′ 07 ″ E; 150 m a. s. l.; 13 Jul. 1998; Chung-Chi Hwang leg.; NMNS- 8595 - 001. Paratypes TAIWAN • 6 clitellates; same data as for holotype; NMNS 4054 - 003. Other material examined TAIWAN • 1 clitellate; Nanrenshan, Kending, Pingtung County; 22 ° 05 ′ 03 ″ N, 120 ° 50 ′ 07 ″ E; 150 m a. s. l.; 20 Oct. 1996; Chung-Chi Hwang leg.; NMNS- 8595 - 004 (this specimen was separated out from the others stored in the bottle labeled with catalogue no. NMNS 4054 - 031).	en	Shen, Huei-Ping, Csuzdi, Csaba, Chang, Chih-Han (2025): A re-examination of the pheretimoid earthworms reported in James et al. (2005), false synonymy between Drawida barwelli (Beddard, 1886) and Drawida beddardi (Rosa, 1890) and comments on recent publications on East and Southeast Asian earthworms. European Journal of Taxonomy 981 (1): 52-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.981.2817, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2817/12849
A376DC07FF84FFA96852FDCD5FC7FD09.taxon	description	Description Length (mature) 72 – 116 mm. Number of segments 95 – 113. Setae regularly distributed around segmental equators, size and distance regular, numbering 33 – 42 in VII, 43 – 52 in XX, 11 – 16 between spermathecal pores, 10 – 13 between male pores in XVIII. Prostomium epilobous. First dorsal pore in 11 / 12. Clitellum XIV – XVI, smooth, setae and dorsal pores absent, length 2.4 – 2.9 mm and width 2.5 – 3.7 mm. Spermathecal pores four pairs in 5 / 6 – 8 / 9 (Fig. 1 A), paired pores 0.30 – 0.31 body circumference ventrally apart. Genital papillae widely paired in presetal VII – IX for four specimens, widely paired in presetal VIII – IX for four specimens, widely paired in postsetal VIII for four specimens, one on left side of postsetal VII for one specimen, and one on right side of postsetal VII for one specimen, each papilla 0.25 – 0.4 mm in diameter. Female pore single, mid-ventral in XIV. Male pores paired, ventro-lateral in XVIII, paired pores 0.23 – 0.30 body circumference ventrally apart. Two small papillae medial to each male pore in XVIII, one anteromedial and the other posteromedial, surrounded by three or four circular folds (Fig. 1 B). Each papilla 0.13 – 0.3 mm in diameter. Preserved specimens brown on dorsum, light greyish brown on venter, dark brown on clitellum. Septa 5 / 6 – 7 / 8 thickened, 8 / 9 / 10 absent, 10 / 11 – 13 / 14 thickened. Nephridial tufts on anterior faces of 5 / 6 / 7. Gizzard in VIII – X. Intestine enlarged from XV. Intestinal caeca paired in XXVII, simple, long, surface slightly wrinkled, extending anteriorly to XXIII or XXII. Esophageal hearts paired in XI – XIII. Spermathecae four pairs in VI – IX. Ampulla large, round, peach- or elongated oval-shaped, surface wrinkled, 1.1 – 1.8 mm in length and 0.7 – 1.8 mm in width, with a short, stout stalk 0.3 – 0.5 mm long. Diverticulum with an oval, iridescent seminal chamber 0.3 – 0.5 mm in length and a slender stalk 0.4 – 1.0 mm in length (Fig. 1 C). Accessory glands sessile, round, 0.3 – 0.4 mm in total length, each corresponding to external genital papilla. Ovaries paired in XIII. Holandric. Testes oval, two pairs in ventrally joined sacs in X and XI. Seminal vesicles large, two pairs in XI and XII, each vesicle occupying 1 – 2 segments, with a round, prominent dorsal lobe. Prostate glands paired in XVI – XX, XV – XX or XVI – XIX, wrinkled and lobed. Prostatic ducts large, long, U-shaped in XV – XVIII or XVI – XVIII, enlarged in distal half (Fig. 1 D). Accessory glands absent.	en	Shen, Huei-Ping, Csuzdi, Csaba, Chang, Chih-Han (2025): A re-examination of the pheretimoid earthworms reported in James et al. (2005), false synonymy between Drawida barwelli (Beddard, 1886) and Drawida beddardi (Rosa, 1890) and comments on recent publications on East and Southeast Asian earthworms. European Journal of Taxonomy 981 (1): 52-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.981.2817, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2817/12849
A376DC07FF84FFA96852FDCD5FC7FD09.taxon	distribution	Distribution Known only from type locality (Nanrenshan, Kending, Pingtung County, Taiwan).	en	Shen, Huei-Ping, Csuzdi, Csaba, Chang, Chih-Han (2025): A re-examination of the pheretimoid earthworms reported in James et al. (2005), false synonymy between Drawida barwelli (Beddard, 1886) and Drawida beddardi (Rosa, 1890) and comments on recent publications on East and Southeast Asian earthworms. European Journal of Taxonomy 981 (1): 52-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.981.2817, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2817/12849
A376DC07FF84FFA96852FDCD5FC7FD09.taxon	discussion	Remarks The description of “ A. corticis ” by James et al. (2005: 1023 – 1024) was based on the seven specimens in the bottle labeled with catalogue no. NMNS 4054 - 003 only. The genital papilla arrangements in the preclitellar and male pore regions of the other specimens assigned to “ A. corticis ” by James et al. (2005: 1023), namely NMNS 4054 - 031, NMNS 4054 - 032, NMNS 4054 - 033, and NMNS 4054 - 034, are completely different from this description. James et al. (2005: 1024) mentioned in the “ Remarks ” section that “ The material is very probably A. corticis ”. Obviously, James et al. (2005) were not fully sure about the identity of these specimens. Amynthas chungchi sp. nov. is most similar to A. corticis in the external characters. However, the character of two small papillae with one anteromedial and the other posteromedial to each male pore is consistent among the A. chungchi sp. nov. individuals and different from the variable papilla arrangements in the male pore region of A. corticis with the number of papillae ranging from zero to two, occasionally three, and the position being posterior, posteromedial, posterolateral, anterolateral and / or anteromedial to each male pore (Chen 1931, 1933; HPS, personal observation). HPS has examined more than 1350 specimens of A. corticis, most of which with their identity confirmed by DNA barcode, collected throughout Taiwan and its adjacent islands. In conclusion, A. corticis has no postsetal papillae on the ventral side of the preclitellar region except those anterior to each spermathecal pore. This feature agrees with that of Pheretima heterochaeta (Michaelsen, 1891) (= A. corticis) described by Chen (1931, 1933) and of A. corticis described and figured by Blakemore (2013 a, 2013 b, 2013 c). Besides, the prostate glands of A. corticis are often absent, and its prostatic duct is always confined to segment XVIII no matter whether the duct is smaller and curved in a “ C ” shape, or larger and curved in a “ U ” shape. In contrast, most individuals of A. chungchi sp. nov. have postsetal papillae and all of them have large prostate glands occupying four to six segments in XV – XX with large, long, U-shaped prostatic ducts extending in XV – XVIII or XVI – XVIII. Amynthas chungchi sp. nov. also resembles Amynthas yizhou Blakemore, 2013 from northern Taiwan. The latter species was initially misidentified as a new record of A. carnosus by Shen et al. (2005), and was later named by Blakemore (2013 c). Both species are octothecal and have one presetal and one postsetal papilla medial to each male pore. However, A. yizhou is larger, with a body length of 130 – 240 mm and a width of 5.99 – 8.25 mm, and it has higher setal numbers (42 – 51 in VII and 54 – 73 in XX), two or three small papillae ventral to each spermathecal pore near the intersegmental furrow, a diverticulum with an elongated seminal chamber, and a sessile accessory gland associated with each papilla around the male pore (Shen et al. 2005).	en	Shen, Huei-Ping, Csuzdi, Csaba, Chang, Chih-Han (2025): A re-examination of the pheretimoid earthworms reported in James et al. (2005), false synonymy between Drawida barwelli (Beddard, 1886) and Drawida beddardi (Rosa, 1890) and comments on recent publications on East and Southeast Asian earthworms. European Journal of Taxonomy 981 (1): 52-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.981.2817, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2817/12849
A376DC07FF89FFAE6824FD265C4AFC8C.taxon	description	Fig. 2	en	Shen, Huei-Ping, Csuzdi, Csaba, Chang, Chih-Han (2025): A re-examination of the pheretimoid earthworms reported in James et al. (2005), false synonymy between Drawida barwelli (Beddard, 1886) and Drawida beddardi (Rosa, 1890) and comments on recent publications on East and Southeast Asian earthworms. European Journal of Taxonomy 981 (1): 52-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.981.2817, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2817/12849
A376DC07FF89FFAE6824FD265C4AFC8C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Length (clitellates) 52 – 78 mm. Segments numbering 58 – 87. Setae 28 – 42 in VII, 36 – 51 in XX, 10 – 14 between male pores. First dorsal pore in 4 / 5, 5 / 6 or 6 / 7. Clitellum XIV – XVI. Spermathecal pores four pairs in 5 / 6 – 8 / 9, 0.28 – 0.35 body circumference ventrally apart. Male pores 0.25 – 0.29 body circumference ventrally apart in XVIII, each with posterolateral and sometimes with anterolateral genital papillae, surrounded by one or two shallow circular folds. Genital papillae small, 0 – 6 medial to each spermathecal pore in intersegmental furrow, 1 – 5 in a row or in a cluster medial to each male disc in presetal XVIII, and widely paired in presetal XIX. Spermathecae four pairs in VI – IX. Seminal vesicles two pairs in XI and XII. Prostate glands paired in XVI – XIX or XVI – XX. Prostatic ducts long, U-shaped in XVI – XVIII. Accessory glands stalked.	en	Shen, Huei-Ping, Csuzdi, Csaba, Chang, Chih-Han (2025): A re-examination of the pheretimoid earthworms reported in James et al. (2005), false synonymy between Drawida barwelli (Beddard, 1886) and Drawida beddardi (Rosa, 1890) and comments on recent publications on East and Southeast Asian earthworms. European Journal of Taxonomy 981 (1): 52-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.981.2817, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2817/12849
A376DC07FF89FFAE6824FD265C4AFC8C.taxon	etymology	Etymology The species is named after its locality, Kending, Pingtung County, Taiwan.	en	Shen, Huei-Ping, Csuzdi, Csaba, Chang, Chih-Han (2025): A re-examination of the pheretimoid earthworms reported in James et al. (2005), false synonymy between Drawida barwelli (Beddard, 1886) and Drawida beddardi (Rosa, 1890) and comments on recent publications on East and Southeast Asian earthworms. European Journal of Taxonomy 981 (1): 52-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.981.2817, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2817/12849
A376DC07FF89FFAE6824FD265C4AFC8C.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype TAIWAN • clitellate (mature) specimen; Nanrenshan, Kending, Pingtung County; 22 ° 05 ′ 03 ″ N, 120 ° 50 ′ 07 ″ E; 150 m a. s. l.; 24 Aug. 1999; Chung-Chi Hwang leg.; NMNS- 8595 - 002. Paratypes TAIWAN • 11 clitellates; same data as for holotype; NMNS 4054 - 032.	en	Shen, Huei-Ping, Csuzdi, Csaba, Chang, Chih-Han (2025): A re-examination of the pheretimoid earthworms reported in James et al. (2005), false synonymy between Drawida barwelli (Beddard, 1886) and Drawida beddardi (Rosa, 1890) and comments on recent publications on East and Southeast Asian earthworms. European Journal of Taxonomy 981 (1): 52-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.981.2817, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2817/12849
A376DC07FF89FFAE6824FD265C4AFC8C.taxon	description	Description Length (mature) 52 – 78 mm. Number of segments 58 – 87. Setae regularly distributed around segmental equators, size and distance regular, numbering 28 – 42 in VII, 36 – 51 in XX, 10 – 16 between spermathecal pores, 10 – 14 between male pores in XVIII. Prostomium epilobous. First dorsal pore in 4 / 5, 5 / 6 or 6 / 7. Clitellum XIV – XVI, smooth, setae and dorsal pores absent, length 1.7 – 2.5 mm and width 2.3 – 2.9 mm. Spermathecal pores four pairs in 5 / 6 – 8 / 9 (Fig. 2 A), paired pores 0.28 – 0.35 body circumference ventrally apart. Genital papillae small, 0 – 6 medial to each spermathecal pore in intersegmental furrow. Other preclitellar genital markings often absent. Among the 12 specimens examined, papillae widely paired in presetal VIII for one specimen, one on right side of presetal VIII for one specimen, and widely paired in presetal IX for one specimen, each papilla 0.15 – 0.2 mm in diameter. Female pore single, mid-ventral in XIV. Male pores paired, ventro-lateral in XVIII, paired pores 0.25 – 0.29 body circumference ventrally apart. Number and arrangement of papillae in male pore region highly variable. Among the 12 specimens examined, each male pore with a posterolateral papilla for three specimens, with a posterolateral and an anterolateral papilla for four specimens, with 2 – 3 posterolateral papillae for four specimens, and with 2 posterolateral and 1 – 2 anterolateral papillae for one specimen. Holotype with additional two posteromedial papillae for each male pore and an anteromedial papilla for left male pore (Fig. 2 B). Each papilla small, about 0.1 mm in diameter. These papillae together with the male pore surrounded by one or two shallow circular folds. In addition, 1 – 5 papillae in a row or in a cluster medial to each male disc in presetal XVIII. In XIX, presetal papillae widely paired for 10 specimens, one on left side of presetal XIX for one specimen, and one on left side of postsetal XIX for one specimen. Preserved specimens brown on dorsum, light greyish brown on venter, dark brown on clitellum. Septa 5 / 6 – 7 / 8 thickened, 8 / 9 / 10 absent, 10 / 11 – 13 / 14 thickened. Nephridial tufts on anterior faces of 5 / 6 / 7. Gizzard in VIII – X. Intestine enlarged from XV. Intestinal caeca paired in XXVII, simple, surface slightly wrinkled, extending anteriorly to XXV. Esophageal hearts paired in XI – XIII. Spermathecae four pairs in VI – IX. Ampulla peach- or elongated oval-shaped, surface wrinkled, 1.1 – 1.5 mm in length and 0.8 – 1.1 mm in width, with a short, slender stalk 0.2 – 0.3 mm long. Diverticulum with a round or oval, iridescent seminal chamber 0.2 – 0.4 mm in length and a short, slender stalk 0.3 – 0.4 mm in length (Fig. 2 C). Accessory glands stalked, 0.4 – 0.5 mm in total length, each corresponding to external genital papilla. Ovaries paired in XIII. Holandric. Testes oval, two pairs in ventrally joined sacs in X and XI. Seminal vesicles two pairs in XI and XII, each with a round, prominent dorsal lobe. Prostate glands paired in XVI – XIX or XVI – XX, lobed, follicular. Prostatic ducts long, U-shaped in XVI – XVIII or XVII – XVIII, enlarged in distal half (Fig. 2 D). Accessory glands stalked, 0.3 – 0.4 mm in total length.	en	Shen, Huei-Ping, Csuzdi, Csaba, Chang, Chih-Han (2025): A re-examination of the pheretimoid earthworms reported in James et al. (2005), false synonymy between Drawida barwelli (Beddard, 1886) and Drawida beddardi (Rosa, 1890) and comments on recent publications on East and Southeast Asian earthworms. European Journal of Taxonomy 981 (1): 52-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.981.2817, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2817/12849
A376DC07FF89FFAE6824FD265C4AFC8C.taxon	distribution	Distribution Known only from type locality (Nanrenshan, Kending, Pingtung County, Taiwan).	en	Shen, Huei-Ping, Csuzdi, Csaba, Chang, Chih-Han (2025): A re-examination of the pheretimoid earthworms reported in James et al. (2005), false synonymy between Drawida barwelli (Beddard, 1886) and Drawida beddardi (Rosa, 1890) and comments on recent publications on East and Southeast Asian earthworms. European Journal of Taxonomy 981 (1): 52-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.981.2817, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2817/12849
A376DC07FF89FFAE6824FD265C4AFC8C.taxon	discussion	Remarks The unique genital papilla arrangements in the preclitellar and male pore regions together with the anteriorly placed first dorsal pore in 4 / 5, 5 / 6 or 6 / 7 in A. kendingensis sp. nov. clearly distinguishes it from A. corticis. The papilla arrangements in A. kendingensis sp. nov. are somewhat like those in A. evansi (Beddard, 1900) from Biserat, Malay Peninsula. Amynthas evansi also has four pairs of spermathecae in VI – IX, a row of genital papillae in the intersegmental furrow of 7 / 8 (eight papillae on each side), and 7 papillae in a row medial to each male disc in XVIII (Fig. 3). However, A. evansi is larger (body length 120 mm and segments numbering 120 for an aclitellate specimen), and has the first dorsal pore in 11 / 12 or 12 / 13, a short prostatic duct and a coiled diverticular stalk (Beddard 1900; Stephenson 1932). The type specimen of A. evansi is deposited at the Natural History Museum, London (BMNH 1904.10.5.37) and was examined by HPS in 2014.	en	Shen, Huei-Ping, Csuzdi, Csaba, Chang, Chih-Han (2025): A re-examination of the pheretimoid earthworms reported in James et al. (2005), false synonymy between Drawida barwelli (Beddard, 1886) and Drawida beddardi (Rosa, 1890) and comments on recent publications on East and Southeast Asian earthworms. European Journal of Taxonomy 981 (1): 52-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.981.2817, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2817/12849
A376DC07FF8EFFAC6828FCDC5AE3FCC0.taxon	description	Fig. 4	en	Shen, Huei-Ping, Csuzdi, Csaba, Chang, Chih-Han (2025): A re-examination of the pheretimoid earthworms reported in James et al. (2005), false synonymy between Drawida barwelli (Beddard, 1886) and Drawida beddardi (Rosa, 1890) and comments on recent publications on East and Southeast Asian earthworms. European Journal of Taxonomy 981 (1): 52-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.981.2817, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2817/12849
A376DC07FF8EFFAC6828FCDC5AE3FCC0.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Length 40 mm. Segments numbering 85. Setae 38 in VII, 44 in XX, 12 between male pores. First dorsal pore in 12 / 13. Clitellum XIV – XVI. Spermathecal pores invisible. Male pores 0.34 body circumference ventrally apart in XVIII, each with an anterolateral genital papilla. Genital papillae small, widely paired in presetal VII – VIII, and 7 or 8 in a row, closely along setal lines in presetal XVIII – XIX. Spermathecae four pairs in VI – IX. Seminal vesicles two pairs in XI and XII. Prostate glands paired in XVI – XIX. Prostatic ducts small, C-shaped in XVIII. Accessory glands stalked.	en	Shen, Huei-Ping, Csuzdi, Csaba, Chang, Chih-Han (2025): A re-examination of the pheretimoid earthworms reported in James et al. (2005), false synonymy between Drawida barwelli (Beddard, 1886) and Drawida beddardi (Rosa, 1890) and comments on recent publications on East and Southeast Asian earthworms. European Journal of Taxonomy 981 (1): 52-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.981.2817, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2817/12849
A376DC07FF8EFFAC6828FCDC5AE3FCC0.taxon	etymology	Etymology The species is named after its locality, Jioupeng, Pingtung County, Taiwan.	en	Shen, Huei-Ping, Csuzdi, Csaba, Chang, Chih-Han (2025): A re-examination of the pheretimoid earthworms reported in James et al. (2005), false synonymy between Drawida barwelli (Beddard, 1886) and Drawida beddardi (Rosa, 1890) and comments on recent publications on East and Southeast Asian earthworms. European Journal of Taxonomy 981 (1): 52-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.981.2817, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2817/12849
A376DC07FF8EFFAC6828FCDC5AE3FCC0.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype TAIWAN • clitellate (mature) specimen; Jioupeng, Pingtung County; 22 ° 06 ′ 18 ″ N, 120 ° 50 ′ 56 ″ E; 149 m a. s. l.; 29 Apr. 1999; Hsi-Te Shih leg.; NMNS 4054 - 033.	en	Shen, Huei-Ping, Csuzdi, Csaba, Chang, Chih-Han (2025): A re-examination of the pheretimoid earthworms reported in James et al. (2005), false synonymy between Drawida barwelli (Beddard, 1886) and Drawida beddardi (Rosa, 1890) and comments on recent publications on East and Southeast Asian earthworms. European Journal of Taxonomy 981 (1): 52-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.981.2817, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2817/12849
A376DC07FF8EFFAC6828FCDC5AE3FCC0.taxon	description	Description Length (mature) 40 mm. Number of segments 85. Setae regularly distributed around segmental equators, size and distance regular, numbering 38 in VII, 44 in XX, 12 between male pores in XVIII. Prostomium epilobous. First dorsal pore in 12 / 13. Clitellum XIV – XVI, smooth, setae and dorsal pores absent, length 1.8 mm and width 3.0 mm. Spermathecal pores invisible. Genital papillae small, widely paired in presetal VII – VIII (Fig. 4 A), each papilla about 0.1 mm in diameter. Female pore single, mid-ventral in XIV. Male pores paired, ventro-lateral in XVIII, paired pores 0.34 body circumference ventrally apart, each pore with an anterolateral genital papilla. In addition, genital papillae 7 or 8 in a row, closely along setal lines in presetal XVIII – XIX (Fig. 4 B). Each papilla small, about 0.1 mm in diameter. Preserved specimens brown in color. Septa 5 / 6 – 7 / 8 thick, 8 / 9 / 10 absent, 10 / 11 – 13 / 14 thick. Nephridial tufts on anterior faces of 5 / 6 / 7. Gizzard in VIII – X. Intestine enlarged from XV. Intestinal caeca paired in XXVII, simple, surface slightly wrinkled, extending anteriorly to XXV. Esophageal hearts paired in XI – XIII. Spermathecae four pairs in VI – IX. Ampulla elongated oval-shaped, 0.6 – 0.9 mm in length and 0.4 – 0.5 mm in width, with a short, slender stalk about 0.3 mm long. Diverticulum with a round, iridescent seminal chamber about 0.1 mm in length and a short, slender stalk 0.3 – 0.4 mm in length (Fig. 4 C). Accessory glands stalked, about 0.2 mm in total length, each corresponding to external genital papilla. Ovaries paired in XIII. Holandric. Testes oval, two pairs in ventrally joined sacs in X and XI, first pair large. Seminal vesicles two pairs in XI and XII, each with a round dorsal lobe. Prostate glands paired in XVI – XIX, leafy, follicular. Prostatic ducts small, C-shaped in XVIII (Fig. 4 D). Accessory glands stalked.	en	Shen, Huei-Ping, Csuzdi, Csaba, Chang, Chih-Han (2025): A re-examination of the pheretimoid earthworms reported in James et al. (2005), false synonymy between Drawida barwelli (Beddard, 1886) and Drawida beddardi (Rosa, 1890) and comments on recent publications on East and Southeast Asian earthworms. European Journal of Taxonomy 981 (1): 52-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.981.2817, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2817/12849
A376DC07FF8EFFAC6828FCDC5AE3FCC0.taxon	distribution	Distribution Known only from type locality (Jioupeng, Pingtung County, Taiwan).	en	Shen, Huei-Ping, Csuzdi, Csaba, Chang, Chih-Han (2025): A re-examination of the pheretimoid earthworms reported in James et al. (2005), false synonymy between Drawida barwelli (Beddard, 1886) and Drawida beddardi (Rosa, 1890) and comments on recent publications on East and Southeast Asian earthworms. European Journal of Taxonomy 981 (1): 52-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.981.2817, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2817/12849
A376DC07FF8EFFAC6828FCDC5AE3FCC0.taxon	discussion	Remarks The character of the rows of genital papillae along the setal lines in presetal XVIII – XIX in A. jioupengensis sp. nov. easily separates it from A. corticis. The papilla arrangement in A. jioupengensis sp. nov. bears a resemblance to that in A. evansi. However, A. evansi is much larger (body length 120 mm and segments numbering 120 for an aclitellate specimen) and has a coiled diverticular stalk (Beddard 1900; Stephenson 1932). Amynthas libratus Tsai & Shen, 2010 from eastern Taiwan also has four pairs of spermathecae in VI – IX and papillae in horizontal rows closely along the setal lines, but the positions of these papillae are in VII – IX, XVII, XIX, and additionally along the intersegmental furrows of 17 / 18 and 18 / 19 (Tsai et al. 2010). Besides, A. libratus has an anteriorly placed first dorsal pore in 5 / 6 (Tsai et al. 2010).	en	Shen, Huei-Ping, Csuzdi, Csaba, Chang, Chih-Han (2025): A re-examination of the pheretimoid earthworms reported in James et al. (2005), false synonymy between Drawida barwelli (Beddard, 1886) and Drawida beddardi (Rosa, 1890) and comments on recent publications on East and Southeast Asian earthworms. European Journal of Taxonomy 981 (1): 52-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.981.2817, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2817/12849
A376DC07FF8CFFB2686DFC105FCAF88B.taxon	description	Fig. 5	en	Shen, Huei-Ping, Csuzdi, Csaba, Chang, Chih-Han (2025): A re-examination of the pheretimoid earthworms reported in James et al. (2005), false synonymy between Drawida barwelli (Beddard, 1886) and Drawida beddardi (Rosa, 1890) and comments on recent publications on East and Southeast Asian earthworms. European Journal of Taxonomy 981 (1): 52-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.981.2817, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2817/12849
A376DC07FF8CFFB2686DFC105FCAF88B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Length (clitellates) 70 – 85 mm. Segments numbering 74 – 98. Setae 36 – 51 in VII, 50 – 57 in XX, 12 – 13 between male pores. First dorsal pore in 11 / 12 or 13 / 14. Clitellum XIV – XVI. Spermathecal pores four pairs in 5 / 6 – 8 / 9, 0.28 – 0.30 body circumference ventrally apart. Male pores 0.27 – 0.31 body circumference ventrally apart in XVIII. Genital papillae small, mid-ventral, 0 – 5 presetal papillae in a row and 0 – 3 postsetal papillae in a row on each segment of VII – IX and XVII – XX. Spermathecae four pairs in VI – IX. Seminal vesicles large, two pairs in XI and XII, each occupying 1.5 – 2 segments. Prostate glands lobed, occupying 3 – 4 segments in XVI – XX. Prostatic ducts C-shaped in XVIII. Accessory glands stalked.	en	Shen, Huei-Ping, Csuzdi, Csaba, Chang, Chih-Han (2025): A re-examination of the pheretimoid earthworms reported in James et al. (2005), false synonymy between Drawida barwelli (Beddard, 1886) and Drawida beddardi (Rosa, 1890) and comments on recent publications on East and Southeast Asian earthworms. European Journal of Taxonomy 981 (1): 52-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.981.2817, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2817/12849
A376DC07FF8CFFB2686DFC105FCAF88B.taxon	etymology	Etymology The species is named after the nearby Lili Creek in Chunrih, Pingtung County, Taiwan.	en	Shen, Huei-Ping, Csuzdi, Csaba, Chang, Chih-Han (2025): A re-examination of the pheretimoid earthworms reported in James et al. (2005), false synonymy between Drawida barwelli (Beddard, 1886) and Drawida beddardi (Rosa, 1890) and comments on recent publications on East and Southeast Asian earthworms. European Journal of Taxonomy 981 (1): 52-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.981.2817, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2817/12849
A376DC07FF8CFFB2686DFC105FCAF88B.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype TAIWAN • clitellate (mature) specimen; Nanhe, Chunrih, Pingtung County; 22 ° 26 ′ 33 ″ N, 120 ° 39 ′ 03 ″ E; 133 m a. s. l.; 19 Aug. 1999; Chung-Chi Hwang and Jin-Kuan Yang leg.; NMNS- 8595 - 003. Paratypes TAIWAN • 5 clitellates; same data as for holotype; NMNS 4054 - 034.	en	Shen, Huei-Ping, Csuzdi, Csaba, Chang, Chih-Han (2025): A re-examination of the pheretimoid earthworms reported in James et al. (2005), false synonymy between Drawida barwelli (Beddard, 1886) and Drawida beddardi (Rosa, 1890) and comments on recent publications on East and Southeast Asian earthworms. European Journal of Taxonomy 981 (1): 52-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.981.2817, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2817/12849
A376DC07FF8CFFB2686DFC105FCAF88B.taxon	description	Description Length (mature) 70 – 85 mm. Number of segments 74 – 98. Setae regularly distributed around segmental equators, size and distance regular, numbering 36 – 51 in VII, 50 – 57 in XX, 13 – 14 between spermathecal pores, 12 – 13 between male pores in XVIII. Prostomium epilobous. First dorsal pore in 11 / 12 or 13 / 14. Clitellum XIV – XVI, smooth, setae and dorsal pores absent, length 2.7 – 3.3 mm and width 4.1 – 5.7 mm. Spermathecal pores four pairs in 5 / 6 – 8 / 9, paired pores 0.28 – 0.30 body circumference ventrally apart. Genital papillae small, mid-ventral in VII – IX, number highly variable. In VII, 0 – 3 presetal papillae in a row and 0 – 2 postsetal papillae in a row; in VIII, 1 – 5 presetal papillae in a row and 0 – 2 postsetal papillae in a row; in IX, 0 – 3 presetal papillae in a row and 0 – 3 postsetal papillae in a row; an additional presetal papilla in VI for holotype (Fig. 5 A). Each papilla about 0.3 mm in diameter. Female pore single, mid-ventral in XIV. Male pores paired, ventro-lateral in XVIII, paired pores 0.27 – 0.31 body circumference ventrally apart, each porophore surrounded by one or two shallow circular folds. Genital papillae small, mid-ventral, often in XVII – XX, number and arrangement highly variable. In XVII, 0 – 3 presetal papillae in a row and 0 – 2 postsetal papillae in a row; in XVIII, 0 – 3 presetal papillae in a row and 0 – 2 postsetal papillae in a row; in XIX, 0 – 3 presetal papillae in a row and 0 or 1 postsetal papilla; in XX, 0 – 3 presetal papillae in a row and 0 or 1 postsetal papilla; additional papillae present in XXI – XXV and XXVII – XXVIII for holotype (Fig. 5 B). Each papilla 0.3 – 0.4 mm in diameter. Preserved specimens brown and dark brown on clitellum. Septa 5 / 6 – 7 / 8 thickened, 8 / 9 / 10 absent, 10 / 11 – 13 / 14 thickened. Nephridial tufts on anterior faces of 5 / 6 / 7. Gizzard in VIII – X. Intestine enlarged from XV. Intestinal caeca paired in XXVII, simple, bent, extending anteriorly to XXII or XXI. Esophageal hearts paired in XI – XIII. Spermathecae four pairs in VI – IX. Ampulla peach- or elongated oval-shaped, surface wrinkled, 0.9 – 2.1 mm in length and 0.8 – 1.6 mm in width, with a short, stout stalk 0.3 – 0.5 mm long. Diverticulum with a large, round or oval, iridescent seminal chamber 0.5 – 1.1 mm in length and a slender stalk 0.5 – 0.9 mm in length (Fig. 5 C). Accessory glands stalked, 0.4 – 0.6 mm in total length, each corresponding to external genital papilla. In addition, one or two stalked glands near each spermathecal pore, 0.4 – 0.6 mm in total length. Ovaries paired in XIII. Holandric. Testes oval, two pairs in ventrally joined sacs in X and XI. Seminal vesicles large, two pairs in XI and XII, each vesicle occupying 1.5 – 2 segments, each with a large, round dorsal lobe. Prostate glands paired in XVI – XIX, XVII – XIX or XVII – XX, lobed, wrinkled. Prostatic ducts C-shaped in XVIII, distal end enlarged (Fig. 5 D). Accessory glands stalked, 0.6 – 0.8 mm in total length, each corresponding to external genital papilla.	en	Shen, Huei-Ping, Csuzdi, Csaba, Chang, Chih-Han (2025): A re-examination of the pheretimoid earthworms reported in James et al. (2005), false synonymy between Drawida barwelli (Beddard, 1886) and Drawida beddardi (Rosa, 1890) and comments on recent publications on East and Southeast Asian earthworms. European Journal of Taxonomy 981 (1): 52-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.981.2817, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2817/12849
A376DC07FF8CFFB2686DFC105FCAF88B.taxon	distribution	Distribution Known only from type locality (Chunrih, Pingtung County, Taiwan).	en	Shen, Huei-Ping, Csuzdi, Csaba, Chang, Chih-Han (2025): A re-examination of the pheretimoid earthworms reported in James et al. (2005), false synonymy between Drawida barwelli (Beddard, 1886) and Drawida beddardi (Rosa, 1890) and comments on recent publications on East and Southeast Asian earthworms. European Journal of Taxonomy 981 (1): 52-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.981.2817, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2817/12849
A376DC07FF8CFFB2686DFC105FCAF88B.taxon	discussion	Remarks The character of a longitudinal series of genital papillae on the mid-ventral line in A. lilis sp. nov. sets it apart from A. corticis. This papilla arrangement is akin to that of A. catenus Tsai, Shen & Tsai, 2001 from elevations of 2200 – 3000 m, central Taiwan (Tsai et al. 2001; Shen et al. 2019). However, A. catenus is a parthenogen with spermathecae from absence to three pairs in VI – VIII, small, vestigial seminal vesicles, and prostate glands from absence to large in XVI – XX (Tsai et al. 2001). No sperm was found and spermatozoal iridescence was not observed in any of the spermathecae examined for A. catenus (Shen et al. 2011, 2012).	en	Shen, Huei-Ping, Csuzdi, Csaba, Chang, Chih-Han (2025): A re-examination of the pheretimoid earthworms reported in James et al. (2005), false synonymy between Drawida barwelli (Beddard, 1886) and Drawida beddardi (Rosa, 1890) and comments on recent publications on East and Southeast Asian earthworms. European Journal of Taxonomy 981 (1): 52-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.981.2817, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2817/12849
