identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
A31687B7FF91100DFF1F19C8D9CDA86B.text	A31687B7FF91100DFF1F19C8D9CDA86B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lycianthes coloradensis E. Dean and H. Kang	<div><p>1.  Lycianthes coloradensis E. Dean and H. Kang (Fig. 1).</p><p>— Type:   PANAMA. [Ngäbe-Buglé] Chiriquí: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-81.8233&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.5406" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -81.8233/lat 8.5406)">Cerro Colorado, border of Chiriquí and Bocas del Toro provinces</a>, [8.5406, -81.8233], 1500–1750 m, 13 Aug 1977, J. P. Folsom 4701 (holotype: MO acc. # 6878818 ;  isotype: MO acc. # 2624365)</p><p>Diagnosis. Endemic to Panama; most similar to  Lycianthes purpusii, but differing in often having multangulatestellate trichomes with rebranched rays (rather than unbranched), shorter calyx appendages to 5.5 mm long in flower and to 6 mm long in fruit (rather than 7–17 mm in flower and to 20 mm long in fruit), subequal stamens with filaments ca. 1.5 mm long (rather having four equal filaments and one longer filament), and smaller fruit to 12 mm long and 15 mm in diameter (rather than 15–30 mm long and 15–30 mm in diameter).</p><p>Usually a vine (rarely a shrub), sometimes creeping or low to the ground, to 1 m tall. Indument of pale yellow, orange, or brown, uniseriate, multicellular, simple, dendritically branched or multangulate-stellate, long-stalked, eglandular, spreading trichomes, the rays often rebranched. Stems greenish-tan when young, terete in cross section, not compressed upon drying, becoming woody with age, moderately to densely pubescent with trichomes 0.5–2 mm long, 0.5–1.1 mm in diameter; upper sympodial branching points usually monochasial, sometimes dichasial, not widely divaricate, the sympodial units shallowly zigzagging, the upper sympodial units 1–12 cm long, 2–4 mm in diameter. Leaves of upper sympodia simple, usually paired and unequal in size, the smaller leaf of the pair sometimes not developing, or abscising early, larger ones with blades 7–14 × 2.7–7.5 cm, the smaller ones with blades 3.2–7.5 × 2–4.5 cm, the leaf pairs similar in shape, the blades ovate to elliptic, thick chartaceous, moderately to densely pubescent with trichomes like those of the stem, the primary veins 3–7 on each side of the midvein, the base widely cuneate, truncate, rounded, or slightly cordate, sometimes slightly oblique, the margin entire, usually undulate, the apex acute to acuminate, the petioles 0.5–3 (3.5) cm long. Flowers solitary or in groups of 2–3, axillary, the inflorescence axes moderately to densely pubescent with trichomes to 2 mm long; peduncles absent; pedicels 17–41 mm long and erect to arching in flower, to 40 mm long (probably longer) and erect to arching in fruit; calyx 3–5 mm long, 6–7 mm in diameter, campanulate, moderately to densely pubescent (the surface sometimes obscured) with trichomes like those of the stem, the margin truncate, the 10 linear appendages 2–5.5 mm long emerging ca. 0.5 mm below the calyx margin; fruiting calyx enlarged, widely bowl-shaped, 2–5 mm long, 5–11 mm in diameter, the appendages to 6 mm long; corolla oriented horizontally to ascending, 1.1–1.3 cm long, rotate, nearly entire, the lobes with abundant interpetalar tissue, the adaxial side white (sometimes reported as having green markings on the lobes at the base), the abaxial side of the lobes moderately pubescent with long, shaggy trichomes to 1 mm long; stamens subequal, the filaments ca. 1.5 mm long, glabrous, the anthers 4.5–6 mm long, narrowly oblong to lanceolate, yellow, sparsely pubescent, sometimes one or more of the anthers connivent at the basal edges to the adjacent anther, poricidal at the tips, the pores obovate, dehiscing distally, not opening into longitudinal slits; pistil with glabrous ovary, the style 8–9 mm long, linear, straight to slightly curved, glabrous, the stigma oblong, decurrent down two sides. Fruit a berry, 5–12 mm long, 7–13 mm in diameter, globose to depressed globose, green when immature, orange to red at maturity, glabrous, lacking sclerotic granules. Seeds ca. 30 per fruit, 3–3.75 × 2–2.75 mm, flattened, slightly thickened on edges, circular to depressed ovate in outline, sometimes slightly notched on one side, the center orange to orange-brown, the rim yellow, the surface reticulum with densely arranged cells with wavy cell walls and shallow lumina.</p><p>Distribution and habitat: —  Lycianthes coloradensis is endemic to Panama,originally in Bocas del Toro and Chiriquí provinces, now located in the Ngäbe-Buglé Comarca (Fig. 2), growing in lower montane rainforest, cloud forest, and disturbed primary forest, 1100–2200 m in elevation. Most specimens are from Cerro Colorado on the border of what was originally Bocas del Toro and Chiriquí provinces.</p><p>Phenology: — Specimens with flowers have been collected April and May; specimens with mature fruits have been collected March through November. The corollas on flowering specimens are usually closed, indicating that the corollas are not open for an extended time during the day.</p><p>Etymology: — This species is named after Cerro Colorado in Panama where this plant has been most heavily collected.</p><p>Notes:—  Lycianthes coloradensis is most similar to  L. purpusii of Mexico, Guatemala, and Honduras.  Both species are densely pubescent with yellow, orange or brown simple or long-stalked dendritic or multangulate-stellate trichomes, have relatively long pedicels, and entire corollas (Table 1).  Lycianthes coloradensis differs from  L. purpusii in usually having the rays of the stellate trichome rebranched (versus rarely rebranched), having much shorter appendages to 5.5 mm in flower (vs. to 17 mm long in flower), and having subequal stamens (vs. unequal) (Table 1).  This species is also similar to  L. furcatistellata of Costa Rica and Panama but differs in having denser pubescence and only having dendritic or multangulate-stellate trichomes on the adaxial leaf surface (vs. mostly simple trichomes in  L. furcatistellata) (Table 1). It is somewhat similar to the Colombian species  L. dendriticothrix, only known to the authors from the type material; it differs from that species in having equal stamens (vs. unequal) (Table 1) and coarser trichomes (vs. fine trichomes).</p><p>Representative Specimens Examined (paratypes):— PANAMA. Ngäbe-Buglé: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-81.7878&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.5597" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -81.7878/lat 8.5597)">Cerro Colorado, mining road 20 mi above bridge over Río San Félix</a>, [8.5597, -81.7878], 2000 m 21 Nov 1979, T. Antonio 2589 (MO acc. # 3695500) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-81.7878&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.5239" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -81.7878/lat 8.5239)">Cerro Colorado, 31.6 km beyond bridge over Río San Félix (10.6 km beyond turnoff to Escopeta)</a>, [8.5239, -81.7878], 1690 m, 15 Jul 1976, Thomas B. Croat 37192 (MO acc. # 2474939) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-81.8333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.5833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -81.8333/lat 8.5833)">Cerro Colorado: 9.2 mi W of Chamé, along trail E of road which leads down to stream</a>, 8°35’N, 81°50’W [8.5833, -81.8333], 1450–1480 m, 6 Jul 1988, Thomas B. Croat 69035 (MO acc. # 3624096) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-81.8233&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.5406" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -81.8233/lat 8.5406)">N of San Félix at Chiriquí-Bocas del Toro border, on Cerro Colorado copper mine road along continental divide</a>, [8.5406, -81.8233], 5000–5500 ft, 5 May 1975, S. Mori 5917 (MO acc. # 3673785) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-81.8139&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.5319" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -81.8139/lat 8.5319)">Cerro Colorado. 50 km. N of San Félix on the continental divide</a>, [8.5319, -81.8139], 1200–1500 m, 18 Aug 1975, S. Mori 7870 (MO acc. # 6878822, MO acc. # 3673812) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-81.8122&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.5381" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -81.8122/lat 8.5381)">Cerro Colorado, 35.6 km. from Río San Félix bridge</a>, [8.5381, - 81.8122], 1690 m, 15 Jul 1976, G. A. Sullivan 347 (MO acc. # 3698398)  .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A31687B7FF91100DFF1F19C8D9CDA86B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Dean, Ellen;Poore, Jennifer;Kang, Hannah	Dean, Ellen, Poore, Jennifer, Kang, Hannah (2020): Three new species of Lycianthes (Solanaceae) from Panama. Phytotaxa 471 (2): 113-126, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.471.2.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.471.2.2
A31687B7FF971000FF1F1C6FDF42AC47.text	A31687B7FF971000FF1F1C6FDF42AC47.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lycianthes fortunensis J. Poore & E. Dean	<div><p>Lycianthes fortunensis J. Poore &amp; E. Dean (Fig. 3).</p><p>— Type:   PANAMA. [Ngäbe-Buglé]: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-81.75&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.583333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -81.75/lat 8.583333)">Bocas del Toro region of Cerro Colorado, on trails from continental divide</a>, 8°35’N, 81°45’W [8.583,-81.75], 1500 m, 12 Apr 1986, G. McPherson 8848 (holotype: DAV acc. #230777 ;  isotypes: NY,  MO acc. # 6866682)</p><p>Diagnosis. Endemic to Panama; similar to the widespread Central American species  Lycianthes multiflora but differing in rounded flower bud tip (rather than pointed tip), elongated, scarious, and lobed calyx margin 0.5–2 mm long in flower (rather than short, non-scarious, non-lobed margin 0.25–0.5 mm long), and a lack of appendages (rather than usually having appendages 1–4 mm long).</p><p>Shrub to woody vine, sometimes epiphytic, to 5 m tall. Indument tan to pale yellow-orange, uniseriate, multicellular, sessile to short-stalked, multangulate-stellate, eglandular trichomes, the rays of the stellate trichomes sometimes crisped. Stems drying tan to brown when young, slightly to very compressed when dried, becoming brown and woody with age, moderately to densely pubescent with trichomes 0.1–0.2 (0.5) mm long, 0.25–0.75 mm in diameter, glabrate, with age; upper branching a mixture of dichasial and monochasial, not widely divaricate, the segments shallowing zigzagging, the upper sympodial units 1.6–13 cm long, 2–4 mm in diameter. Leaves of upper sympodia simple, rarely paired and unequal in size, the larger ones with blades 7.6–14.8 × 3.6–7.6 cm, the smaller ones with blades 4.0–9.6 × 2.3–4.4 cm, the leaf pairs similar in shape, the blades ovate to elliptic, chartaceous, sparsely to moderately pubescent with spreading trichomes similar to the stem but to 1 mm in diameter, the trichomes often sessile with the rays appressed to the plant surface, especially on the adaxial side, the trichomes denser on the veins of the abaxial side, the primary veins 3–5 on each side of the midvein, the base cuneate, rounded, or truncate, sometimes oblique, the margin entire, usually irregularly undulate, the apex acute to acuminate, the petioles 0.6–3 (5) cm long. Flowers in groups of 2–20, axillary, the inflorescence axes densely pubescent with sessile trichomes like those of the stem; peduncles usually present, to 3 mm long, or area of pedicel attachment raised into a pad with many attachment scars; pedicels (6) 9–17 mm long and erect in flower, (7) 11–26 mm long and erect in fruit; calyx 2–4 mm long, 3–5 (6) mm in diameter, campanulate, densely pubescent with sessile trichomes like those of the stem, the margin truncate, scarious in texture at the distal half, undulate or lobed, the appendages usually lacking (rarely with small bumps where the appendages would be; fruiting calyx enlarged, bowl shaped, 2–4 mm long, 6–8.5 mm in diameter, the appendages rarely to 0.5 mm long; corolla oriented horizontally, 0.8–1.6 cm long, rotate, entire, with abundant interpetalar tissue, adaxially white to light pink or tinged purple, glabrous, abaxially densely puberulent on the lobes, especially at the distal end, this more evident in bud; stamens unequal, the four short filaments 1–1.5 mm long, the one long filament 1.5–2 mm long, glabrous, the anthers 3.5–4 mm long, narrowly ovate to lanceolate, free from one another, yellow, sparsely pubescent on the inner face, poricidal at the tips, the pores ovate, dehiscing distally, not opening into longitudinal slits; pistil with glabrous ovary, the style 6–8 mm long, linear, straight to curved, glabrous, the stigma oblong, decurrent down two sides. Fruit a berry, 7–14 mm long, 8–19 mm in diameter, usually globose to depressed globose, red-orange when mature, glabrous to very slightly pubescent, lacking sclerotic granules. Seeds 45–85 per fruit, 2–3 × 2–3 mm, flattened, circular, triangular, or depressed ovate in outline, sometimes slightly notched, tan to yellow-orange in the center, the margin slightly thickened and of similar or darker color, the surface reticulum smooth to faintly patterned with densely arranged cells with wavy cell walls and shallow lumina.</p><p>Distribution and habitat: —  Lycianthes fortunensis is endemic to Panama in Chiriquí and Veraguas provinces and the Ngäbe-Buglé Comarca (originally in Bocas del Toro Province) (Fig. 4), growing in cloud and premontane forests, often found on slopes or along roads and trails, 730–1645 m in elevation.</p><p>Phenology: — Flowering specimens have been collected February through April; specimens with mature fruits have been collected January through September.</p><p>Etymology: — This species is named for the Fortuna Dam, and resulting Fortuna Reservoir, where this plant has been most frequently collected.</p><p>Notes:—  Lycianthes fortunensis is closely related to  L. multiflora, which is known from Belize, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama, and the two other members of the  L. multiflora complex in Panama,  L. howardiana and  L. porteriana . All four species have similar pubescence of sessile to short-stalked multangulate-stellate trichomes with rays that are often crisped and that lie flat on the plant surface, especially on the leaves (Table 2). All four species also share having unequal stamens, a similar leaf shape (ovate to elliptic), and similar leaf texture (chartaceous to subcoriaceous).  Lycianthes fortunensis differs from the other three in having round to oval flower buds with round tips (rather than conical buds with acute tips) and in lacking appendages (rather than having appendages that are usually 1–4 mm long [in  L. multiflora] or even longer [to 11 mm in  L. porteriana]).  Lycianthes fortunensis also differs from  L. multiflora and  L. howardiana in having a prominent, scarious, often lobed calyx margin 0.5–2 mm long, a feature it shares with  L. porteriana (Table 2).</p><p>Representative specimens examined (paratypes):— PANAMA. Chiriquí: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.25277&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.74166" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.25277/lat 8.74166)">NO del campamento de Fortuna (Hornito), sitio de presa</a>, [8.74166, -82.25277], 1000–1200 m, 12 Aug 1976, M. D. Correa 2250 (MO acc. # 2792553) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.28333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.71667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.28333/lat 8.71667)">along road from Gualaca to Fortuna dam site, 5.9 mi NW of Los Planes de Hornito</a>, 8°43’N, 82°17’W [8.71667, - 82.28333], 1370 m, 9 Apr 1980, T. B. Croat 49867 (MO acc. # 2885507, NY) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.2333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.6667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.2333/lat 8.6667)">Gualaca-Chiriquí Grande, 5.5 mi NW of Los Planes de Hornito</a>, 8°40’N, 82°14’W [8.6667, -82.2333], 1320 m, 29 Mar 1993, T. B. Croat 74908 (DAV acc. # 230351, MO acc. # 6866584, NY) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.38333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.808333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.38333/lat 8.808333)">between Palo Alto and near Cerro Pate Macho, above Río Palo Alto, NE of Boquete</a>, [8.808333, -82.38333], 5400–7100 ft, 18 Mar 1979, W. D’Arcy 12661 (NY) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.25&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.75" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.25/lat 8.75)">Fortuna Dam area, above Gualaca</a>, 8°45’N, 82°15’W [8.75,-82.25], 3400 ft, 30 Jul 1984, W. G. D’Arcy 15855 (DAV acc. # 230353, MO acc. # 3676764, MO acc. # 3695488) ;   Fortuna Dam area, on Kaolin hill, just N of reservoir, [8.75, -82.25], 1100–1400 m, 31 Jul 1984, W. G. D’Arcy 15907 (MO acc. # 3695487, NY, MO acc. # 3676764) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.216&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.7333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.216/lat 8.7333)">slope of hill above camp at Fortuna Dam site</a>, [8.7333, -82.216], 1400–1500 m, 14 Sep 1977, J. Folsom 5468 (MO acc. # 2628652) ;   Valle del Río Chiriquí, [8.73, -82.16], 24 Mar 1981, I. Gordon 194 (MO acc. # 3661098) ;   La Fortuna hydroelectric project, behind camp, [8.730, -82.25], 1300 – 1400 m, 23 Mar 1978, B. Hammel 2238 (DAV acc. # 230774, MO acc. # 6866793, NY) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.23333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.71667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.23333/lat 8.71667)">forests behind Vivero Forestal de Boquete, 12 km N of Los Planes de Hornito, IRHE Fortuna Hydroelectric Project</a>, 8°43’N, 82°14’W [8.71667, -82.23333], 1100–1200 m, 17 Jun 1982, S. Knapp 5552 (DAV acc. # 230773, MO acc. # 3695491, MO acc. # 6866688) ;  Fortuna Dam area, 8°45’N, 82°15’W [8.75,-82.25], 1200 m, 11 Mar 1985, G. McPherson 6783 (DAV acc. # 230778, MO acc. # 6866681, NY); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.25&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.75" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.25/lat 8.75)">Fortuna Dam region, along Quebrada Arena near continental divide</a>, 8°45’N, 82°15’W [8.75,-82.25], 1050 m, 9 Mar 1986, G. McPherson 8746 (DAV acc. # 230783, MO acc. # 3673807, MO acc. # 6878296) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.2333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.7883" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.2333/lat 8.7883)">on gravel road branching N from main Fortuna Dam-Chiriquí Grande road, 1.1 miles from junction</a>, 8°47’18’’N, 82°14’W [8.7883, -82.2333], 1200 m, 11 Mar 1985, G. McPherson 6802 (DAV acc. # 230776, MO acc. # 6866685, NY) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.251&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.751" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.251/lat 8.751)">vicinity of Fortuna Dam, along trail across valley south of lake</a>, 8°45’04”N, 82°15’04”W [8.751, -82.251], 1300–1400 m, 7 Feb 1987, G. McPherson 10389 (DAV acc. # 230786, MO acc. # 3673800, MO acc. # 6866824) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.25&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.75" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.25/lat 8.75)">Bocas del Toro-Chiriquí border, Fortuna Dam region, along continental divide trail</a>, 8°45’N, 82°15’W [8.75,-82.25], 1200 m, 16 Jan 1989, G. McPherson 13551 (MO acc. # 5287728) ;   Ngäbe-Buglé: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.2&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.8" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.2/lat 8.8)">Oleoducto Road, near Continental Divide, Fortuna Dam area</a>, 8°48’N, 82°12’W [8.8,-82.2], 1000 m, 5 Feb 1984, H. W. Churchill 4578 (MO acc. # 3282255) ;   Cerro Colorado, top, Bocas Road, [8.53583, -81.81], 1500 m, 17–18 Feb 1977, J. P. Folsom 1733 (MO acc. # 2605590) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.325&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.8383" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.325/lat 8.8383)">near headwaters of Río Culebra ca. 5 km ENE of Cerro Pate Macho</a>, [8.8383, -82.325], 5000 ft, 11 Feb 1979, B. Hammel 6121 (DAV acc. # 230781, MO acc. # 3661198, MO acc. # 5205011) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.21667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.7833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.21667/lat 8.7833)">Chiriquí/Bocas del Toro border, along continental divide on trail in Zona Protectora Palo Seco</a>, 8°47.1N, 82°13’W [8.7833, -82.21667], 1100–1300 m, 11 Aug 2000, S. Knapp 9183 (MEXU acc. # 1167410, MO acc. # 5601511) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-81.75&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.583333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -81.75/lat 8.583333)">Cerro Colorado, c. 12 miles from Camp Chami</a>, 8°35’N, 81°45’W [8.5833,-81.75], 1400–1470 m, 20 Jun 1986, G. McPherson 9543 (MO acc. # 3673809) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-81.75&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.583333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -81.75/lat 8.583333)">Cerro Colorado, 7.2 miles from Camp Chami, Chamel</a>, 8°35’N, 81°45’W [8.783333,-81.75], 1400–1470 m, 21 Jun 1986 G. McPherson 9586 (DAV acc. # 230782, MO acc. # 3673808, MO acc. # 6866818) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.21389&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.7675" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.21389/lat 8.7675)">Bocas del Toro-Chiriquí border, Fortuna Dam region, on trail along continental divide</a>, 8°46’03”N, 82°12’50”W [8.76750, -82.21389], 1250 m, 10 Mar 1988, G. McPherson 12289 (DAV acc. # 230787, MO acc. # 3661211, MO acc. # 6866819) ;   Cerro Colorado, 35.6 km. from Río San Félix bridge, [8.5399, -81.82], 1390 m, 15 Jul 1976, G. A. Sullivan 374 (MO acc. # 3698399) ;   Veraguas:  along road between Escuela Agrícola and Alto Piedra (above Santa Fe) and Río Dos Bocas, ca 5–8 km from Escuela, [8.53, -81.14944], 730–770 m, 26 Jul 1974, T. B. Croat 25911 (MO acc. # 3673764)  .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A31687B7FF971000FF1F1C6FDF42AC47	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Dean, Ellen;Poore, Jennifer;Kang, Hannah	Dean, Ellen, Poore, Jennifer, Kang, Hannah (2020): Three new species of Lycianthes (Solanaceae) from Panama. Phytotaxa 471 (2): 113-126, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.471.2.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.471.2.2
A31687B7FF9B1005FF1F1B6BDBD0AE07.text	A31687B7FF9B1005FF1F1B6BDBD0AE07.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lycianthes talamancensis E. Dean & J. Poore	<div><p>Lycianthes talamancensis E. Dean &amp; J. Poore (Fig. 5).</p><p>— Type:   PANAMA. Bocas del Toro: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.85&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.0667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.85/lat 9.0667)">Cordillera de Talamanca, 2–5 airline km NW of the peak of Cerro Echandi on the Costa Rican-Panamanian international border</a>. 9°04’N, 82°51’W [9.0667, -82.8500], 1 and 9 Mar 1984, G. Davidse 25487 (holotype: MO acc. # 3661181 ;  isotype: MO acc. #6866840)</p><p>Diagnosis. Endemic to Panama; closely related to  Lycianthes hortulana of Honduras, El Salvador, and Nicaragua but differing in having much longer pedicels, 15–22 mm long in flower and 27–35 mm long in fruit (rather than 3–9 mm long in flower and 5–13 mm long in fruit), an entire corolla that is moderately pubescent on the adaxial lobes (rather than shallowly stellate corolla with glabrous adaxial lobes), and longer stamen filaments, 1–2 mm long (rather than 0.5 mm long).</p><p>Climbing vine or liana (height not given on any of the specimens). Indument of tan to yellow-orange, uniseriate, multicellular, usually long-stalked, eglandular, multangulate-stellate, spreading trichomes, the primary rays usually 3–6 per whorl, often rebranched, Stems green to light brown when young, slightly to not compressed upon drying, becoming woody with age, densely pubescent with trichomes 0.2–0.5 mm long, 0.5–1.0 mm in diameter; upper sympodial branching points dichasial or monochasial, the branching widely divaricate, the segments shallowly zigzagging to twining, the upper sympodial stem units 2.5–11.3 cm long, 2–4 mm in diameter. Leaves of upper sympodia simple, rarely geminate, the smaller leaf of the pair sometimes not developing, or abscising early, the larger ones with blades 4.5–14 × 3.0– 8.6 cm, the smaller ones with blades 3.5–7.7 × 2.1–4.3 cm, the leaf pairs similar in shape, the blades ovate to elliptic, chartaceous, moderately to densely pubescent with trichomes similar to the stem but sessile to short stalked, the pubescence usually denser on the abaxial side of the blade, the primary veins 3–5 on each side of the midvein, the base rounded to truncate, sometimes oblique, the margin entire, usually irregularly undulate, the apex acute to acuminate, the petioles 0.6–3.9 cm long. Flowers in groups of 1–6 (10), axillary, the inflorescence axes densely pubescent with spreading trichomes like that of the stem; peduncles absent; pedicels 15–22 mm long and erect to arching in flower, to 27–35 mm and erect to arching in fruit; calyx 2.5–4 mm long, 4–5 mm in diameter, campanulate, moderately to densely pubescent with spreading trichomes like those of the stem to 0.7 mm in diameter, the margin truncate, the 10 appendages 0.75–3 mm long emerging 0.5–1.0 mm below the prominent, scarious calyx rim; fruiting calyx enlarged, bowl-shaped to rotate, 2–4.5 mm long, 5–9 mm in diameter, the appendages to 4 mm; corolla oriented horizontally, 1–1.8 cm long, campanulate (or not fully open on specimens), entire, with abundant interpetalar tissue, adaxially light violet to purple with center of lobes darker and moderately puberulent, abaxially moderately puberulent on the lobes especially at the distal end, this more evident in bud; stamens equal, the filaments 1–2 mm long, glabrous, the anthers 4–4.5 mm long, narrowly ovate to lanceolate, free from one another, yellow, sparsely pubescent on the inner face, poricidal at the tips, the pores ovate, terminal, dehiscing distally, not opening into longitudinal slits; pistil with glabrous ovary, the style 6–8 mm long, linear, straight to curved, glabrous; stigma truncate, slightly bilobed. Fruit a berry, 7–9 mm long, 6–9 mm in diameter, usually globose to depressed globose, green when immature, color unknown, glabrous to very slightly pubescent, lacking sclerotic granules. Seeds 30–35 per fruit, 3–3.5 × 2.2–2.5 mm, flattened, usually reniform with 0.5–1.0 mm notch on one side, depressed ovate in outline, yellow to orange-brown, the seed margin rougher texture and of similar or lighter color, the surface reticulum with faint pattern formed by densely arranged cells with wavy cell walls and shallow lumina.</p><p>Distribution and habitat: —  Lycianthes talamancesis is endemic to Panama in Bocas del Toro and Chiriquí provinces (Fig. 6), growing in cloud forest and wet forest, with  Quercus, Podocarpus,  Magnolia, Symplocos, and  Chusquea understory, 2200–2850 m in elevation.</p><p>Phenology:— Flowering specimens have been collected January through March; specimens with nearly mature fruits (still green, but seeds nearly mature) have been collected January through March.</p><p>Etymology:— This species is named after the Cordillera de Talamanca where Senior Missouri Botanical Garden Botanist Gerrit Davidse collected the type specimen.</p><p>Notes:—  Lycianthes talamancensis is closely related to  L. hortulana, originally described from the cloud forests of Honduras, and  L. breedlovei, which occurs in the cloud forests of Chiapas, Mexico. All three species are densely pubescent with stalked, multangulate-stellate trichomes with rebranched rays, have widely divaricate branching, and have seeds that are usually notched on one side (Table 3).  Lycianthes talamancensis differs from the other two species in having longer pedicels, 15–22 mm long in flower, 27–35 mm long in fruit (rather than to 9 mm in flower and 13 mm in fruit in  L. hortulana and to 16 mm long in flower and 25 mm long in fruit in  L. breedlovei) and entire corollas that are moderately pubescent on the adaxial side (rather than stellate corollas that are glabrous or nearly so in the other two species).  We also compared this new species to the common  L. multiflora, which also occurs in Panama; it differs from this species in trichome type and many other features (Table 3).</p><p>Representative specimens examined (paratypes):— PANAMA. Bocas del Toro: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.8417&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.0833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.8417/lat 9.0833)">Cordillera de Talamanca, 6 airline km NW of the peak of Cerro Echandi on the Costa Rican-Panamanian international border</a>, 9°05’N, 82°50’30”W [9.0833, -82.8417], 2450–2600 m, 2–3 Mar 1984, G. Davidse 25167 (DAV acc. # 230775, MO acc. # 6866842, MO acc. # 3661184, MO acc. # 6866841) ;   Chiriquí: Distrito Bugada,  Cerro Punta, from STRI house to nearby ridge . [8.86, -82.55], 2200 m, 25 Jan 1984, H. Van der Werff 6366 (MO acc. # 3661117) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.55&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.866667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.55/lat 8.866667)">Distrito Bugada, Cerro Punta, along ridge to watershed to Bocas del Toro</a>, 8°52’N, 82°33’W [8.8667,-82.55], 2200 m, 26 Jan 1984, H. Van der Werff 6485 (MEXU acc. # 1356972)  .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A31687B7FF9B1005FF1F1B6BDBD0AE07	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Dean, Ellen;Poore, Jennifer;Kang, Hannah	Dean, Ellen, Poore, Jennifer, Kang, Hannah (2020): Three new species of Lycianthes (Solanaceae) from Panama. Phytotaxa 471 (2): 113-126, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.471.2.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.471.2.2
