identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
A64766446B34DA6AF1D3D822FB19FD9B.text	A64766446B34DA6AF1D3D822FB19FD9B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cetomimus hempeli Maul 1969	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Cetomimus hempeli Maul, 1969</p>
            <p>[New standard Japanese name: Seiun-kujirauo] (Figs 1–3; Table 1)</p>
            <p> Cetomimus hempeli Maul, 1969: 3 , fig. 1 (type locality: eastern Atlantic, 27°50′N, 14°01′W); Paxton 1989: 137 (listed); Tolley et al. 1989: 673 (brief description; 4 spec. from Gulf of Mexico); McEachran and Fechhelm 1998: 987 [key; description after Maul (1969) and Tolley et al. (1989); Gulf of Mexico]; Carneiro et al. 2014: 43 (listed; Portugal); Paxton et al. 2016: 2178 (key; brief description; eastern central Atlantic); Carneiro et al. 2019: 154 (listed; Portugal). </p>
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                 Material examined.  FAKU 149611, 89.5 mm SL, female, off Fukushima Prefecture, Japan, 36°50.594′N, 141°41.608′E – 36°50.934′N, 141°41.937′E, 902–903 m depth, bottom temperature 3.1°C, R / V Wakataka-maru, otter-trawl, St . G900, 11 November 2022, coll  . E  .  Morikawa , R  .   Misawa , and J  .   
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 137.00554/lat 32.08735)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=137.00554&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.08735">Nagao</a>
                 ; MSM-24-6, 48.5 mm SL, female, off the Kii Peninsula, Japan, 32°04.892′N, 136°51.597′E – 32°05.241′N, 137°00.332′E, wire out 5000 m, RT/ V Bosei-maru, IKMT, mesh size 0.53 mm, 29 September 2013  . 
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            <p>Description. Counts and measurements (% SL) are as follows: dorsal-fin rays 17; anal-fin rays 16–17; pectoral-fin rays 23–24; principal caudal-fin rays 8 + 8–9 = 16–17; lateral-line pores ca. 20–23; vertebrae 33 + 15 = 48 (including urostyle); branchiostegal rays 10; vomerine tooth rows 6–8; palatine tooth rows 4; upper jaw tooth rows 5; lower jaw tooth rows 5–6; pterygoid tooth rows 6; head length 30.5– 32.9; snout length 11.3; premaxillary (upper jaw) length 26.2–28.4; lower jaw length 28.5–29.8; premaxilla to opercular margin 5.2–6.8; postorbital length 16.7–18.6; eye diameter 1.6–2.0; eye width 14.0–14.8; head width 12.0–16.5; premaxillary width 16.5–16.8; body depth 17.7–20.4; dorsal fin origin to anal fin origin 11.5–17.7; caudal peduncle depth 6.0–6.9; caudal peduncle length 8.7–11.4; snout to pectoral-fin base 30.1–33.9; pectoral fin length 8.0–8.8; snout to dorsal fin origin 71.1–74.4; dorsal-fin base length 13.0–16.1; longest dorsal-fin ray 8.2–8.5; snout to anal fin origin 70.9– 76.2; anal-fin base length 13.0–13.8; longest anal-fin ray 8.3–9.0; anus to 1st anal-fin ray 1.9–2.7; copular tooth plate length 5.6–7.4; copular tooth plate maximum width 2.3–2.6, minimum width 1.4–1.5.</p>
            <p>Body tadpole-like, greatest depth at level of pectoral-fin base, becoming compressed posteriorly; oval in cross section, broadest at top of gill slit (Fig. 1). Dorsal margin of body moderately curved. Caudal peduncle length 1.5–1.6 times its depth. Anus located just anterior to anal fin origin, distance slightly longer than eye diameter. Cavernous tissue well developed around anus and from anal fin origin to first 3–4 rays, weakly developed from dorsal fin origin to first 3–4 rays (Figs 2A, B, 3). Mid-dorsal ridge present from anterior of dorsal fin origin to head, gradually becoming higher anteriorly. No paired abdominal ridges or diagonal midbody ridges.</p>
            <p>Head very large, slightly depressed anteriorly, deeper than wide; head and anterior body profile weakly rounded; bony projections prominent on top of head and postero- and anterodorsal to eyes. Head broader than body, oval in dorsal view, with rounded snout tip. Nasal organ moderate with reduced lamella, mostly in anterior nostril. A pair of nostrils close together, slightly larger posteriorly, round to oval, located near snout tip, somewhat similar to but larger than head lateral-line pores. Internasal space broad, rather convex. Eye very small, slightly upwardly elongated, situated near snout tip. Interorbital space broad, distinctly convex with bony projections.</p>
            <p>Mouth enormous, obliquely upward; upper jaw almost straight, lower jaw slightly concave; rictus ca. three times eye diameter before posterior end of premaxilla; posterior end of jaws much closer to opercular margin than level of eye; lower jaw with moderately developed lateral and ventral spines posteriorly. Jaw teeth small, conical, length ca. 1.0– 1.5 times width, slightly longer in inner rows (Fig. 2C); teeth in almost regular diagonal rows, upper jaw with five anterior and three posterior rows, lower jaw with 5–6 anterior and 3–4 posterior rows. Vomerine teeth short, blunt, with 6–8 rows, tooth patch domed, round (Fig. 2D). Palatine teeth short, with four (two anterior, three posterior) rows, tooth patch rather short, slightly separated from ectopterygoid tooth patch (Fig. 2D). Ectopterygoid teeth short, with six (2–3 anterior) rows, tooth patch long, slender, beyond level of rictus. Copular teeth short, blunt, in irregular rows, about 7–9 rows across narrowest point; tooth patch on single plate, moderately long, slender, length 2.4–4.9 times width, club-shaped with posterior end largest and rounded, anterior end moderately pointed, with narrow midpoint.</p>
            <p>Three free gill arches with small slit behind ventral arm of third arch; fourth arch strongly reduced, shortened, without posterior slit; holobranchs well developed on first three arches, tiny on fourth arch (Fig. 2E, F). Pseudobranch absent. Gill rakers forming contiguous flat tooth plates (Fig. 2F) on first three arches; no tooth plates on medial face of gill arches or ventral pharyngeals.</p>
            <p>Lateral line a broad tube pierced by moderate to large pores, those on caudal peduncle circular or oval, with small triangular flaps (Fig. 2G); lateral-line scales not visible; one or two papillate neuromasts on some remaining skin bridges, especially prominent on caudal peduncle. Lateral-line system of head with cavernous canals with moderate to large pores. Supraorbital canal with about eight pores, joined to main canal (with three pores, posteriormost anterior to top of gill slit). Infraorbital canal with seven pores (association with main canal unknown), posteriormost pore positioned slightly anterodorsally. Mandibular canal with nine pores, probably continuous with preopercular canal (six pores). Two apparently isolated pores posterodorsal to eye.</p>
            <p>Dorsal and anal fins well back on body; anal fin origin under second dorsal-fin ray; ends of dorsal and anal fins opposite; posterior dorsal- and anal-fin rays longer; dorsal fin with 17 rays, 9–10 simple, 6–7 branched and one simple; anal fin with 16–17 rays, 7–8 simple, eight branched and one simple. Dorsal- and anal-fin bases short, dorsal-fin base length 50%–57% of premaxillary length. No anal lappets with internal scales; skin fold along anal-fin base absent; skin ridges present, associated with 1–13 anal-fin rays; no membranous curtain joining posterior anal-fin rays (Fig. 2A). Caudal fin partially damaged, but short, weakly rounded, middle rays longest, with 16–17 principal rays (3 simple + 10 branched + 3–4 simple). Pectoral fin low, short, directed posteriorly, upper rays longer, with 23–24 simple rays. No subpectoral organ visible. Pelvic fin absent.</p>
            <p>Ovaries paired, orangish, protruding from ruptured abdomen; egg diameter ca. 0.10–0.15 mm.</p>
            <p>Coloration. When fresh (Fig. 1A), body largely brownish-black mixed with reddish-orange; skin bridges of lateral line jet black; head more strongly reddish; dorsal- and pectoral-fin rays largely grayish; anal-, caudal-, and posterior dorsal-fin rays bright reddish-orange. After preservation (Fig. 1B, C), reddish color faded, becoming mostly dark to charcoal brown; all fin tips pale gray.</p>
            <p>Distribution. Known from the eastern Atlantic (Canary Islands, Madeira, and west coast of Africa), western Atlantic (Gulf of Mexico), and western North Pacific (off Fukushima Prefecture and Kii Peninsula, Japan) (Maul 1969; Tolley et al. 1989; Paxton et al. 2016; this study).</p>
            <p> Remarks. Eight valid species of the genus  Cetomimus are currently known (Kobyliansky et al. 2023; Fricke et al. 2024):  C. gillii Goode and Bean, 1895 , circumglobal; C. pick- </p>
            <p>Abbreviations: D, dorsal-fin rays; A, anal-fin rays; P1, pectoral-fin rays; LLP, lateral-line pores; CT, cavernous tissue; DB, dorsal-fin base length; PmL, premaxillary (upper jaw) length.</p>
            <p>Numerals in parentheses indicate number of individuals.</p>
            <p>* Data from Goode and Bean (1895), Brauer (1906), Parr (1934), Harry (1952), Abe et al. (1965), Maul (1969), Paxton and Bray (1986), Tolley et al. (1989), McEachran and Fechhelm (1998), Angulo (2015), Paxton et al. (2016), and Kobyliansky et al. (2023).</p>
            <p> lei (Gilchrist, 1922), southeastern Atlantic;  C. kerdops Parr, 1934 , Bahamas;  C. craneae Harry, 1952 , western Atlantic;  C. teevani Harry, 1952 , western Atlantic;  C. compunctus Abe, Maruno, and Kawaguchi, 1965 , western North Pacific and western South Atlantic;  C. hempeli , Atlantic Ocean and probably North Pacific; and  C. paxtoni Kobyliansky, Gordeeva, and Mishin, 2023 , central Atlantic. The specimens described herein, collected off Fukushima Prefecture and Kii Peninsula, Japan, agreed strongly with the original description of  C. hempeli (Maul 1969) and additional records of that species from the Gulf of Mexico (Tolley et al. 1989), clearly differing from other congeners by the following characters: head rounded in dorsal view and distinctly broader than the body (head sharply pointed, as broad as the body in  C. kerdops ); reduced fourth gill arch and slit between third and fourth arches (fourth gill arch completely reduced and no slit behind third arch in  C. gillii ,  C. craneae , and  C. teevani ); cavernous tissue present around dorsal fin origin and absent from caudal peduncle (absent from dorsal fin origin in  C. gillii ,  C. picklei , and  C. paxtoni , and present above and below caudal peduncle in  C. compunctus ; posterior lateral-line pores with small flaps (with large flaps in  C. craneae and  C. teevani ); and dorsal-fin base length apparently shorter than upper jaw length (slightly longer in  C. compunctus ) (Goode and Bean 1895; Brauer 1906; Parr 1934; Harry 1952; Abe et al. 1965; Paxton and Bray 1986; McEachran and Fechhelm 1998; Angulo 2015; Paxton et al. 2016; Kobyliansky et al. 2023; Table 1). On the other hand, a small difference was found between the present study and those of Maul (1969) and Tolley et al. (1989) in the number of pectoral-fin rays (23–24 vs. 17–23), but the number of specimens available for comparison was small. The difference is currently believed to represent intraspecific variation only. </p>
            <p> In addition, a similarity search of the COI gene sequence (588 bp) of the specimen (FAKU 149611) using the BLAST ® program revealed that more than 98% of the sites matched this sequence only in the specimen identified as  Ataxolepis apus Myers and Freihofer, 1966 (INSDC accession number ON810779; Kobyliansky et al. 2023). The bignose fish male of  Ataxolepis Myers and Freihofer, 1966 was previously included in the family  Megalomycteridae (Johnson et al. 2009; Nelson et al. 2016). This suggests that the male specimen of  A. apus (ON810779) is a male of  C. hempeli . On the other hand, only 96.3%–96.5% of the sites matched the sequences of  C. paxtoni (ON810776, ON810777; Kobyliansky et al. 2023), indicative of genetic differentiation between  C. hempeli and  C. paxtoni . </p>
            <p> Approximately 10 specimens of  C. hempeli have been recorded from the Atlantic Ocean (Maul 1969; Tolley et al. 1989; Paxton et al. 2016), and although Paxton et al. (2016) suggested that the species may also occur in the North Pacific, no reliable records of such existed at that time. Therefore, the present specimens represent the first reliable records from the Pacific Ocean, and the specimen collected off the Fukushima Prefecture coast (FAKU 149611) is the northernmost record of the species [previous northernmost record, Funchal, Madeira, Portugal (Maul 1969)]. The new Japanese name “Seiun-kujirauo” is proposed for  C. hempeli based on FAKU 149611. “Seiun” means “nebula” in Japanese and refers to the nebula-like cavernous tissue of the anal- and dorsal-fin origins, while “kujirauo” being the common Japanese name for flabby whalefishes. </p>
            <p>Paxton (1989) noted that “the cavernous tissue appears more sharply defined and more clearly organized in small- er specimens of all taxa”. In fact, the cavernous tissue was relatively indistinct in the larger specimen (FAKU 149611, 89.5 mm SL; Fig. 2A, B), but more distinct in the smaller specimen (MSM-24-6, 48.5 mm SL; Fig. 3).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A64766446B34DA6AF1D3D822FB19FD9B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Misawa, Ryo;Inuzuka, Atsuki;Fujiwara, Kunihiro;Furusho, Makoto;Tashiro, Fumihito;Takami, Munehiro;Kai, Yoshiaki	Misawa, Ryo, Inuzuka, Atsuki, Fujiwara, Kunihiro, Furusho, Makoto, Tashiro, Fumihito, Takami, Munehiro, Kai, Yoshiaki (2024): Records of the Rare Flabby Whalefishes Cetomimus hempeli and Gyrinomimus bruuni (Teleostei: Beryciformes) from Japan. Species Diversity 29 (2): 269-279, DOI: 10.12782/specdiv.29.269, URL: https://doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.29.269
A64766446B30DA67F1AFD93EFA80F804.text	A64766446B30DA67F1AFD93EFA80F804.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gyrinomimus bruuni Rofen 1959	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Gyrinomimus bruuni Rofen, 1959</p>
            <p>[New standard Japanese name: Hitaguro-kujirauo] (Figs 4, 5; Table 2)</p>
            <p> Gyrinomimus bruuni Rofen, 1959: 257 , fig. 2 (type locality: off Kenya, southwestern Indian Ocean, 5°25′S, 47°09′E); Paxton 1989: 137 (listed); Rivaton et al. 1990: 33 (listed; New Caledonia); Paxton 1999: 2207 (listed; western central Pacific); Rivaton and Bourret 1999: 304, pl. 143, figs 18, 19 (description of otolith; New Caledonia); Paxton 2000: 602 (listed; South China Sea); Paxton 2002: 1173 (listed; western central Atlantic); Fricke et al. 2011: 372 (listed; New Caledonia); Afonso et al. 2021: 481, fig. 5E (description; 2 spec. from Brazil); Eduardo et al. 2022: 9 (listed; Brazil). </p>
            <p> ?  Gyrinomimus bruuni : Miya et al.  1996: 75 (1 spec. listed from  Boso Peninsula , Japan). </p>
            <p> Material examined.  HUMZ 234625, 66.2 mm SL, off Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan, 36°31.183′N, 141°21.487′E – 36°31.458′N, 141°21.916′E, 886–892 m depth, bottom temperature 3.3°C, R / V Wakataka-maru, otter-trawl, St . H900, 27 October 2023, coll  . K . Fujiwara, S   .  Tokioka , and M  . Furusho. </p>
            <p>Description. Counts and measurements (% SL) are as follows: dorsal- and anal-fin rays 20; pectoral-fin rays 16; principal caudal-fin rays 8 + 8 = 16; lateral-line pores 19; branchiostegal rays 10; vomerine tooth rows 3; palatine tooth rows 3; upper jaw tooth rows 3; lower jaw teeth 4; pterygoid tooth rows 2; head length 29.8; snout length 12.6; premaxillary length 24.4; lower jaw length 25.9; premaxilla to opercular margin 5.7; postorbital length 16.5; eye diameter 2.6; eye width 11.4; head width 11.6; premaxillary width 11.0; body depth 18.1; dorsal fin origin to anal fin origin 9.7; caudal peduncle depth 5.7; caudal peduncle length 12.6; snout to pectoral-fin base 30.1; pectoral fin length 10.9; snout to dorsal fin origin 72.6; dorsal-fin base length 18.2; longest dorsal-fin ray 10.4; snout to anal fin origin 72.8; anal-fin base length 16.9; longest anal-fin ray 11.5; anus to 1st anal-fin ray 1.6; copular tooth plate length 9.0; copular tooth plate maximum width 3.1, minimum width 2.1.</p>
            <p>Body somewhat elongated, laterally compressed, greatest depth at level of pectoral-fin base, becoming compressed posteriorly; oval in cross section, broadest at top of gill slit (Fig. 4). Dorsal margin of body almost straight. Caudal peduncle length 2.2 times its depth. Anus located just anterior to anal fin origin, distance shorter than eye diameter. Cavernous tissue well developed around anus and along anal-fin base (Fig. 5A). Mid-dorsal ridge present from anterior of dorsal fin origin to head. No paired abdominal ridges or diagonal midbody ridges.</p>
            <p>Head moderately large, slightly depressed anteriorly, deeper than wide; head and anterior body profile rounded; bony projections prominent on top of head and anterodorsal to eyes. Head broader than body, oval in dorsal view, with moderately rounded snout tip. Nasal organ moderate, with reduced lamella (mostly in anterior nostril). Nostrils paired, round to oval and slightly larger posteriorly, located close together near snout tip, appearance somewhat similar to head lateral-line pores, but slightly deeper than latter. Internasal space rather narrow, distinctly convex. Eye very small, upwardly oval, positioned above approximate mid point of upper jaw. Interorbital space broad, moderately convex, with bony projections.</p>
            <p>Mouth enormous, obliquely upward; upper jaw almost straight, lower jaw slightly concave; rictus ca. three times eye diameter before posterior end of premaxilla; posterior end of jaws much closer to opercular margin than level of eye; lower jaw with well-developed lateral spine posteriorly. Jaw teeth short to long, in regular longitudinal rows (three rows in upper jaw, three or four rows in lower jaw), conical with incurved tips, length about 1.0–2.5 times width, those of inner rows longer (Fig. 5B). Vomerine teeth moderate to long, in three regular rows, length up to ca. three times width, longer in inner row, tooth patch rather flat, oval (Fig. 5C). Palatine teeth moderate to long, in three regular rows, length up to ca. three times width, tooth patch rather short, close to ectopterygoid tooth patch (Fig. 5C). Ectopterygoid teeth long, in two regular rows, tooth patch long, slender, beyond level of rictus. Copular teeth rather long, sharp, in irregular rows (ca. 10 rows across narrowest point), tooth patch on single plate, moderately long, slender, length 2.9– 4.1 times width, club-shaped with posterior end largest and rounded, anterior end slightly pointed, midpoint slightly concave.</p>
            <p>Three free gill arches with small slit behind ventral arm of third arch; fourth arch strongly reduced and shortened, without following slit; holobranchs well developed on first three arches, relatively tiny on fourth arch (Fig. 5D, E). Pseudobranch absent. Gill rakers forming contiguous flat tooth plates (Fig. 5E) on first three arches; no tooth plates on medial face of gill arches or ventral pharyngeals.</p>
            <p>Lateral line a broad tube pierced by moderate to large circular or oval pores; pores on caudal peduncle without flaps or keels (Fig. 5F); lateral-line scales and papillate neuromasts not visible. Head lateral line system with cavernous canals and large pores. Supraorbital canal with about eight pores continuous with main canal (four pores, posteriormost anterior to top of gill slit). Infraorbital canal with eight pores, association with main canal unknown, last pore positioned slightly anterodorsally. Mandibular canal (10 pores) continuous with preopercular canal (four pores). Single, probably isolated pore present just above eye.</p>
            <p>Dorsal and anal fins well back on body; anal fin origin under fourth dorsal-fin ray; posterior end of dorsal fin above anal-fin ray 16; length of dorsal- and anal-fin rays almost equal; dorsal and anal fins with 20 rays (probably all simple). Dorsal- and anal-fin bases rather short, dorsal-fin base length 74% of premaxillary length. Anal-fin base with eight lappets (three larger, five smaller). Skin fold along anal-fin base absent; no skin ridges associated with anal-fin rays; no membranous curtain joining posterior anal-fin rays (Fig. 5A). Caudal fin partially damaged, short, with 16 principal rays (at least 10 branched). Pectoral fin low, short, directed posteriorly, upper rays longer, with 16 rays (probably all simple). No subpectoral organ visible. Pelvic fin absent.</p>
            <p>Coloration. When fresh (Fig. 4A) and after preservation (Fig. 4B), body entirely jet black.</p>
            <p>Distribution. Known from the western Indian Ocean (Kenya), western Pacific (New Caledonia, South China Sea, and off Boso Peninsula and Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan), and western Atlantic (Brazil) (Rofen 1959; Rivaton et al. 1990; Miya et al. 1996; Paxton 1999, 2000, 2002; Afonso et al. 2021; this study).</p>
            <p> Remarks. Five valid species of the genus  Gyrinomimus are currently known (Afonso et al. 2021; Fricke et al. 2024):  G. myersi Parr, 1934 , circumglobal;  G. bruuni , circumglobal between 30°N and 10°S;  G. parri Bigelow, 1961 , western Atlantic, western North Pacific, and western South Pacific;  G. grahami Richardson and Garrick, 1964 , cosmopolitan in southern hemisphere; and  G. andriashevi Fedorov, Balushkin, and Trunov, 1987 , Antarctic. In addition, an undescribed species (G. sp. sensu Amaoka) has been reported off the Okhotsk coast of Hokkaido, Japan (Amaoka 1997; Aizawa 2000; Aizawa and Doiuchi 2013). Although the taxonomy of cetomimid species remains confused (e.g., Paxton 1989), with the morphological characteristics of each species poorly documented, the specimen collected off Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan agreed well with the original description of  G. bruuni (see Rofen 1959) and additional records from Brazil, western Atlantic (Afonso et al. 2021), clearly differing from other congeners as follows: 20 dorsal- and anal-fin rays (14–17 in  G. myersi ,  G. parri ,  G. grahami , and  G. andriashevi ); 19 lateral-line pores (15 or 16 in  G. myersi and  G. parri , 23 in  G. andriashevi and G. sp. sensu Amaoka); three and four regular rows of upper and lower jaw teeth, respectively (five or six and 6–8 irregular rows, respectively, in  G. myersi ,  G. andriashevi , and G. sp. sensu Amaoka); three vomerine tooth rows (five in  G. andriashevi and G. sp. sensu Amaoka); dorsal-fin base length 18.2% SL (24.0% SL in  G. parri , 13.1%–13.8% SL in  G. grahami and  G. andriashevi ); pectoral fin length 10.9% SL (2.9% in  G. andriashevi ); lateral-line flaps absent (present in  G. myersi ); and annal lappets present (absent in  G. grahami and  G. andriashevi ) (Parr 1934; Rofen 1959; Bigelow 1961; Richardson and Garrick 1964; Fedorov et al. 1987; McEachran and Fechhelm 1998; Paxton 2015; Afonso et al. 2021; Table 1). On the other hand, small differences found between the present study and those of Rofen (1959) and Afonso et al. (2021) included the number of anal-fin rays (20 vs. 18–19) and vomerine tooth rows (3 vs. 2), but the number of specimens available for comparison was small. The differences are currently believed to represent intraspecific variations only. </p>
            <p>Abbreviations: D, dorsal-fin rays; A, anal-fin rays; P1, pectoral-fin rays; LLP, lateral-line pores; DB, dorsal-fin base length. Numerals in parentheses indicate number of individuals.</p>
            <p>* Data from Parr (1934), Rofen (1959), Bigelow (1961), Richardson and Garrick (1964), Fedorov et al. (1987), McEachran and Fechhelm (1998), Paxton (2015), Afonso et al. (2021).</p>
            <p>** Data include Aizawa and Doiuchi (2013).</p>
            <p> In addition, a similarity search of the COI gene sequence (639 bp) of the specimen (HUMZ 234625) using the BLAST ® program revealed that more than 98% of the sites matched this sequence only in the specimen identified as  Eutaeniophorus sp. (INSDC accession number MN549743; Nonaka et al. 2021). The tapetail larva of  Eutaeniophorus Bertelsen and Marshall, 1958 was previously included in the family  Mirapinnidae (Johnson et al. 2009; Nelson et al. 2016; Nonaka et al. 2021). This suggests that  Eutaeniophorus sp. (MN549743) is a larva of  G. bruuni . On the other hand, only 88.9%–90.3% of the sites matched sequences of  G. myersi (NC_012050) and  G. grahami (FJ164637, FJ164638, GU80597), indicative of genetic differentiation between  G. bruuni and the latter two species. </p>
            <p> The first Japanese record of  G. bruuni , given without a detailed description, was based on a single specimen (CBM-ZF 460) obtained off the Boso Peninsula, western North Pacific (Miya et al. 1996). That specimen was loaned to the AMS but is currently missing (M. Miya, personal communication). Therefore, it was not possible to determine here if the two specimens (HUMZ 234625 and CBM-ZF 460) represented the same taxon. Furthermore, the Japanese name “Yase-kujirauo”, proposed by Miya et al. (1996) and subsequently used only by Aizawa and Doiuchi (2013), is here discarded, following the recommendation of the Ichthyological Society of Japan (https://www.fish-isj.jp/iin/standname/ guideline/guidelines2020.pdf). Accordingly, the new standard Japanese name “Hitaguro-kujirauo” is proposed for  G. bruuni , based on HUMZ 234625, the first reliable record of  G. bruuni from Japan. “Hitaguro” means “uniformly black” in Japanese, in reference to the body color of the specimen. Because the only reliable records of  G. bruuni are limited to between 30°N and 20°S (Paxton 2002), the specimen collected off Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan (36°N) is the northernmost known record of the species. Note that although Aizawa and Doiuchi (2013) considered the specimen reported by Miya et al. (1996) to be from the South China Sea, it was actually from Japanese waters (34°38.04′N, 139°38.03′E, 1150 m depth, R/V Tansei-maru, 7 July 1985; M. Miya, personal communication). </p>
            <p> Although Amaoka (1995) proposed the new Japanese name “Hanarabi-kujirauo-zoku” for the genus  Gyrinomimus, Aizawa (2000) apparently overlooked that name when proposing “Ooaka-kujirauo-zoku” for the same genus. The latter Japanese name was subsequently used for the genus by Aizawa and Doiuchi (2013), whereas the former name has not been used subsequent to its proposal. Following the recommendation of the Ichthyological Society of Japan, “Ooaka-kujirauo-zoku” should be applied to the genus. </p>
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                 Comparative materials examined.  Cetomimus compunctus : ZUMT 55046 (photograph only examined), holotype, 142 mm SL, off Suruga Bay, Shizuoka, Japan, 34°2.8′N, 138°18.8′E, 0–1800 m depth, large plankton net, 19 August 1964.  Gyrinomimus sp.  sensu  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.125/lat 44.333332)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.125&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=44.333332">Amaoka</a>
                 : HUMZ 121996, 385 mm SL, off Shiretoko Peninsula, Hokkaido, Japan, 44°20′N, 145°7.5′E, 350–460 m depth, gill net, 1980–1992  . 
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A64766446B30DA67F1AFD93EFA80F804	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Misawa, Ryo;Inuzuka, Atsuki;Fujiwara, Kunihiro;Furusho, Makoto;Tashiro, Fumihito;Takami, Munehiro;Kai, Yoshiaki	Misawa, Ryo, Inuzuka, Atsuki, Fujiwara, Kunihiro, Furusho, Makoto, Tashiro, Fumihito, Takami, Munehiro, Kai, Yoshiaki (2024): Records of the Rare Flabby Whalefishes Cetomimus hempeli and Gyrinomimus bruuni (Teleostei: Beryciformes) from Japan. Species Diversity 29 (2): 269-279, DOI: 10.12782/specdiv.29.269, URL: https://doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.29.269
