identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
21355AF3702A56D5A97E664AFCD09EE7.text	21355AF3702A56D5A97E664AFCD09EE7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hamus Ballarin & Li 2015	<div><p>Genus Hamus Ballarin &amp; Li, 2015</p><p>Comments.</p><p>The genus Hamus was initially assigned to Nesticidae and later transferred to Synotaxidae (Ramírez et al. 2022) . This genus includes only five species, distributed in southern China, Philippines and Laos (WSC 2025). Currently, H. luzon Lin, Ballarin &amp; Li, 2016 occurs in the Philippines, and all other species are distributed in China (WSC 2025).</p><p>Keys to Hamus species</p><p>Males (male of Hamus luzon unknown)</p><p>Females (females of H. kangdingensis and H. mangunensis unknown)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/21355AF3702A56D5A97E664AFCD09EE7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Wang, Zhong-Jing;Yao, Yan-Bin;Lyu, Xiao-Ting;Liu, Ke-Ke;Lin, Yu-Cheng	Wang, Zhong-Jing, Yao, Yan-Bin, Lyu, Xiao-Ting, Liu, Ke-Ke, Lin, Yu-Cheng (2025): Two new species of Synotaxidae from eastern China (Araneae, Synotaxidae). ZooKeys 1248: 1-16, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1248.150650
A459033279CD5537A2FFEC4326AAF8EE.text	A459033279CD5537A2FFEC4326AAF8EE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hamus qingming Yao, Liu & Lin 2025	<div><p>Hamus qingming Yao, Liu &amp; Lin sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 1, 2, 3 Common Chinese name: 清明钩蛛</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype ♂ and paratype 1 ♀. (Syn-01, ASM-JGSU). CHINA: • Fujian Prov., Zhangzhou City, Nanjing Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=117.248184&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.517466" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 117.248184/lat 24.517466)">Huboliao Nature Reserve</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=117.248184&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.517466" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 117.248184/lat 24.517466)">Huboliao area</a>, 24°31'2.88"N, 117°14'53.47"E, 357 m a. s. l., 3.IV.2024, Y. B. Yao et al. leg.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The new species is similar to H. bowoensis Ballarin &amp; Li, 2015 and H. mangunensis Lin, Ballarin &amp; Li, 2016 (Ballarin and Li 2015: 180, fig. 1 A-D; Lin et al. 2016: 17, fig. 5 A-D) in having a clip-like terminal apophysis of the tegulum and a filamentous embolus, but can be separated from it by the large hook-shaped distal process of the paracymbium (vs. very tiny in H. bowoensis and H. mangunensis), a hook-shaped terminal apophysis II of the tegulum with a strongly curved apex (vs. without apex in both H. bowoensis and H. mangunensis), and the thick and finger-like ventral conductor processes I (vs. hook-like in H. bowoensis and H. mangunensis) (Fig. 2 A-F). The female of the new species resembles that of H. luzon Lin, Ballarin &amp; Li, 2016 (Lin et al. 2016: 15, fig. 4 D-F) in having almost round spermathecae and the shorter, narrower fertilization ducts, but can be distinguished by the epigynal plate width 2.8 times smaller than the spermathecal diameter (vs. 2.3 times) and the touching spermathecae (vs. slightly separated) (Fig. 3 A, B).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male (holotype). Habitus as in Fig. 1 A, B. Total length 1.28, carapace 0.66 long, 0.6 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances (Fig. 1 A): AME 0.02, ALE 0.07, PME 0.06, PLE 0.07, AME - AME 0.06, AME - ALE 0.02, PME - PME 0.05, PME - PLE 0.05, AME - PME 0.03, AME - PLE 0.03, ALE - ALE 0.06, PLE - PLE 0.26, ALE - PLE 0.26. MOA 0.13 long, front width 0.11, back width 0.17. Endites trapezoidal, longer than wide, with dense setae arranged on the superomedial surface. Labium trapezoidal, wider than long, fused with sternum. Sternum (Fig. 1 B) subtriangular shield-shaped, nearly as long as wide, lateral margin with scattered long setae. Legs (Fig. 1 A, B): with abundant short setae; measurements: I 2.36 (0.72, 0.2, 0.21, 0.83, 0.4); II 2.42 (0.67, 0.29, 0.55, 0.45, 0.46); III 1.7 (0.38, 0.15, 0.49, 0.36, 0.32); IV 2.63 (0.82, 0.26, 0.66, 0.44, 0.45). Abdomen (Fig. 1 A, B) 0.64 long, 0.53 wide.</p><p>Coloration (Fig. 1 A, B). Carapace yellow to light brown. Chelicerae yellow. Endites and labium yellowish to yellow. Sternum yellow to dark brown, with many dark brown spots on the surface. Legs yellow. Abdomen yellowish to dark, mottled, sub-anteriorly with a transversal light-yellow stripe.</p><p>Palp (Fig. 2). Long lateral cymbial furrow on the retrolateral side of the cymbium. Paracymbium dorsal apophysis translucent and subtriangular, shorter than ventral apophysis, ventral apophysis tongue-shaped, as long as distal process of paracymbium, distal process hook-shaped, relatively large, slightly sclerotized. Terminal apophysis of tegulum well-developed and strongly sclerotized, with 2 curved processes forming together clip-like structure, terminal apophysis I of tegulum fang-like, terminal apophysis II of tegulum hook-shaped, with strongly curved apex. Conductor with 2 ventral processes distally, processes of the conductor I thick and finger-like, processes of the conductor II blunt and laminar, forming a C-shaped groove. Embolus filamentous, clockwise spiraling nearly 4 / 5 coil, arising from ~ 3 o’clock and ending at ~ 1 o’clock on tegulum.</p><p>Female (paratype). Habitus as in Fig. 1 C, D. As in male, except as noted. Total length 1.79, carapace 0.63 long, 0.63 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances (Fig. 1 C): AME 0.05, ALE 0.06, PME 0.05, PLE 0.07, AME - AME 0.03, AME - ALE 0.02, PME - PME 0.05, PME - PLE 0.03, AME - PME 0.04, AME - PLE 0.09, ALE - ALE 0.15, PLE - PLE 0.21, ALE - PLE 0.01. MOA 0.13 long, front width 0.11, back width 0.15. Legs (Fig. 1 C, D): measurements: I 1.55 (0.75, 0.23, 0.57, missing); II 2.33 (0.6, 0.27, 0.56, 0.5, 0.4); III 1.96 (0.58, 0.21, 0.38, 0.21, 0.58); IV 2.81 (0.84, 0.29, 0.7, 0.45, 0.53). Abdomen (Fig. 1 C, D) 1.16 long, 1.04 wide, with several long setae evenly.</p><p>Coloration (Fig. 1 C, D). Carapace yellow to reddish brown. Chelicerae, endites and labium reddish brown. Sternum yellow to reddish brown. Abdomen light yellow.</p><p>Epigyne (Fig. 3). Translucent, more than 1.5 times wider than long. Spermathecae almost round, diameter subequal to half genital plate width, strongly sclerotized and touching each other. Copulatory ducts short, subequal to half spermathecal diameter, forming a C-shaped loop between the copulatory openings and the spermathecal base. Fertilization ducts narrow, connected to the base of the spermathecae and directed laterally.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>In the tree near the ravine stream.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Known only from Fujian Province, China.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The name is taken from Qingming Festival (清明节), referring to the period of specimen collection during traditional Chinese Tomb-Sweeping Day; noun in apposition.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A459033279CD5537A2FFEC4326AAF8EE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Wang, Zhong-Jing;Yao, Yan-Bin;Lyu, Xiao-Ting;Liu, Ke-Ke;Lin, Yu-Cheng	Wang, Zhong-Jing, Yao, Yan-Bin, Lyu, Xiao-Ting, Liu, Ke-Ke, Lin, Yu-Cheng (2025): Two new species of Synotaxidae from eastern China (Araneae, Synotaxidae). ZooKeys 1248: 1-16, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1248.150650
89ADB2E0C3A25FB1942001854E8525BF.text	89ADB2E0C3A25FB1942001854E8525BF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Synotaxidae Simon 1895	<div><p>Family Synotaxidae Simon, 1895</p><p>Comments.</p><p>Until recently, the family was considered monotypic and restricted to the Neotropical Realm (Table 1). Current studies have revealed greater diversity with the description of genus Hamus Ballarin &amp; Li, 2015 and Tekellina Levi, 1957 from China, and the recognition of the non-monophyletic status of the original taxa (Lin et al. 2016; Lin et al. 2024). The biogeographic range now extends to the Oriental and Palearctic realms (Table 1).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/89ADB2E0C3A25FB1942001854E8525BF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Wang, Zhong-Jing;Yao, Yan-Bin;Lyu, Xiao-Ting;Liu, Ke-Ke;Lin, Yu-Cheng	Wang, Zhong-Jing, Yao, Yan-Bin, Lyu, Xiao-Ting, Liu, Ke-Ke, Lin, Yu-Cheng (2025): Two new species of Synotaxidae from eastern China (Araneae, Synotaxidae). ZooKeys 1248: 1-16, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1248.150650
B77CA8F4547B599292366516DB0B3248.text	B77CA8F4547B599292366516DB0B3248.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tekellina Levi 1957	<div><p>Genus Tekellina Levi, 1957</p><p>Comments.</p><p>The genus Tekellina was originally placed in Theridiidae, but its familial placement became uncertain following Marusik and Omelko (2017). It was subsequently transferred to Synotaxidae by Ramírez et al. (2022). This genus includes 14 species, mainly distributed in Brazil and East Asia (WSC 2025). Current records indicate four Tekellina species occur in China: T. haosiwen Lin &amp; Li, 2024, T. helixicis Gao &amp; Li, 2014, T. huihangi Lin &amp; Li, 2024 and T. sadamotoi Yoshida &amp; Ogata, 2016 (WSC 2025).</p><p>Keys to Tekellina species from China</p><p>Males</p><p>Females</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B77CA8F4547B599292366516DB0B3248	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Wang, Zhong-Jing;Yao, Yan-Bin;Lyu, Xiao-Ting;Liu, Ke-Ke;Lin, Yu-Cheng	Wang, Zhong-Jing, Yao, Yan-Bin, Lyu, Xiao-Ting, Liu, Ke-Ke, Lin, Yu-Cheng (2025): Two new species of Synotaxidae from eastern China (Araneae, Synotaxidae). ZooKeys 1248: 1-16, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1248.150650
4931A380A44E5AE89A8E40A3EC39A6A0.text	4931A380A44E5AE89A8E40A3EC39A6A0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tekellina zhangziqingi Yao, Liu & Lin 2025	<div><p>Tekellina zhangziqingi Yao, Liu &amp; Lin sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 B Common Chinese name: 张子清特克蛛</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype: ♂, CHINA: • Jiangxi Prov., Ji’an City, Jinggangshan County Level City, Ciping Town, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=114.1&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.636" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 114.1/lat 26.636)">Jinggangshan Nature Reserve, Huangyangjie Scenic Spot</a>, 26°38'9.6"N, 114°6'E, 1080 m a. s. l., 3.VIII.2014, K. K. Liu et al. leg. (Syn-02, ASM-JGSU) ; Paratypes: • 1 ♀, same nature reserve, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=114.142&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.532999" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 114.142/lat 26.532999)">Zhufeng Scenic Spot</a>, 26°31'58.8"N, 114°8'31.2"E, 708 m a. s. l., 1.VIII.2014, K. K. Liu et al. leg. (Syn-02, ASM-JGSU) ; 1 ♀, 17.VI.2025, Z. J. Wang and C. Z. Li leg. (ASM-JGSU -Ara-4501), other data same as holotype .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The male of the species resembles that of T. helixicis (Gao and Li 2014: 90, figs 72 A, 74 A, B) in having the enlarged and thumb-shaped paracymbium and the finger-like terminal claw-like arm of the conductor, but can be easily separated from it by the mesal arm of conductor with an identical median ridge and terminal lamellar process (vs. absent) (Figs 5 A, 7 A, B). The females can be easily distinguished from T. helixicis (Gao and Li 2014: 90, figs 71 C, D, 73 A, B) by the course of the loosely-spiral copulatory ducts surrounding the spermathecae (vs. tightly), the course of the copulatory ducts not reaching the apical part of the spermathecae (vs. reaching) and the spermathecae distally convergent (vs. nearly parallel) (Figs 5 B, 6 C).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male (holotype). Habitus as in Fig. 4 A, B. Total length 1.15, carapace 0.46 long, 0.42 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances (Fig. 4 A): AME 0.06, ALE 0.05, PME 0.06, PLE 0.06, AME - AME 0.04, AME - ALE 0.01, PME - PME 0.03, PME - PLE 0.02, AME - PME 0.03, AME - PLE 0.06, ALE - ALE 0.1, PLE - PLE 0.03, ALE - PLE 0.01. MOA 0.13 long, front width 0.14, back width 0.14. Labium 3 times wider than long. Sternum (Fig. 4 B) shield-shaped, slightly longer than wide. Legs (Fig. 4 A, B): with neatly short setae; measurements: I missing; II 1.69 (0.49, 0.19, 0.45, 0.36, 0.2); III 1.29 (0.41, 0.16, 0.28, 0.22, 0.22); IV 1.57 (0.52, 0.14, 0.4, 0.29, 0.22). Abdomen (Fig. 4 A, B) 2.52 long, 2.62 wide.</p><p>Coloration (Fig. 4 A, B). Carapace yellowish to brown. Chelicerae, endites, labium and sternum transparent to yellowish. Legs yellowish to yellow. Abdomen white to yellowish, with several white spots.</p><p>Palp (Figs 5 A, 7 A, B). Paracymbium thumb-shaped. Conductor Y-shaped. Terminal claw of the conductor finger-like, approaching the hollow paracymbium. Mesal arm of the conductor stubby, narrow lamellar, with a truncated tip and not reaching the terminal claw of the conductor. Embolus filamentous and coiling, with four spirals.</p><p>Female (paratype). Habitus as in Fig. 4 C, D, 6 A, B. As in male, except as noted. Total length 1.18, carapace 0.39 long, 0.29 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances (Fig. 4 C, 6 A): AME 0.05, ALE 0.5, PME 0.06, PLE 0.06, AME - AME 0.05, AME - ALE 0.02, PME - PME 0.03, PME - PLE 0.02, AME - PME 0.05, AME - PLE 0.08, ALE - ALE 0.18, PLE - PLE 0.21, ALE - PLE 0.02. MOA 0.14 long, front width 0.13, back width 0.15. Sternum with sparse setae. Legs (Fig. 4 C, D, 6 A, B): measurements: I 1.57 (0.46, 0.18, 0.32, 0.29, 0.32); II 1.87 (0.62, 0.2, 0.56, 0.28, 0.21); III 1.43 (0.48, 0.13, 0.31, 0.29, 0.22); IV 1.77 (0.56, 0.16, 0.47, 0.32, 0.26). Abdomen (Fig. 4 C, D, 6 A, B) 0.79 long, 0.58 wide.</p><p>Coloration (Figs 4 C, D, 6 A, B). Darker than males. Sometimes, the eyes with black annulations.</p><p>Epigyne (Fig. 5 B). Epigynal plate wider than long, weakly sclerotized and translucent. Copulatory openings separated by distance 2 × maximum spermathecal diameter. Copulatory ducts long, loose spirals surrounding spermathecae, not reaching the apical part of spermathecae. Fertilization ducts short, curved forward to mesal, directed medially. Spermathecae convergent, widely separate, constriction nearly 5: 5.</p><p>Note.</p><p>Fig. 5 A was imaged under a cover slip, thus altering the spatial relationship between the mesal arm of the conductor and the terminal claw of the conductor. However, the SEM images (in natural state) in Fig. 7 clearly demonstrate that the mesal arm of the conductor does not reach the terminal claw of the conductor. And in our newly collected paratype (Fig. 6), the female spermatheca also exhibits a significantly greater inclination angle than in T. huihangi, confirming this as a conspecific pairing rather than a variant.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>In the low shrubs (Fig. 8 A).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Known only from Jiangxi Province, China.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The species is named in honor of Zi-Qing Zhang, one of the famous figures of the extremely hard and bitter struggle in Jinggangshan; noun (name) in genitive case.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4931A380A44E5AE89A8E40A3EC39A6A0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Wang, Zhong-Jing;Yao, Yan-Bin;Lyu, Xiao-Ting;Liu, Ke-Ke;Lin, Yu-Cheng	Wang, Zhong-Jing, Yao, Yan-Bin, Lyu, Xiao-Ting, Liu, Ke-Ke, Lin, Yu-Cheng (2025): Two new species of Synotaxidae from eastern China (Araneae, Synotaxidae). ZooKeys 1248: 1-16, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1248.150650
