taxonID	type	format	identifier	references	title	description	created	creator	contributor	publisher	audience	source	license	rightsHolder	datasetID
7F85D5E9921052EC9E5B8FE38A5C2374.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1230771	https://doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.66.139299.figure1	Figure 1. General habitus of live Foordana distincta sp. nov., female from Komani, Eastern Cape (A – C), Namaquella arida sp. nov., male from Akkerendam Nature Reserve, Northern Cape (D – F), and Rukuluk gramineus sp. nov., female from Witsand Nature Reserve, Northern Cape (G – I). A, D, G Dorsal view B, E, H Anterior view C, F Lateral view I Dorsolateral view. Photos by Ruan Booysen.	Figure 1. General habitus of live Foordana distincta sp. nov., female from Komani, Eastern Cape (A – C), Namaquella arida sp. nov., male from Akkerendam Nature Reserve, Northern Cape (D – F), and Rukuluk gramineus sp. nov., female from Witsand Nature Reserve, Northern Cape (G – I). A, D, G Dorsal view B, E, H Anterior view C, F Lateral view I Dorsolateral view. Photos by Ruan Booysen.	2025-01-23	Haddad, Charles R.		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.			
7F85D5E9921052EC9E5B8FE38A5C2374.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1230772	https://doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.66.139299.figure2	Figure 2. Digital microscope photographs of somatic morphology of Foordana distincta sp. nov., male (A – E) and female (F – J). A, F habitus, dorsal view B, G same, lateral view C, H same, ventral view D, I leg I, prolateral view E, J metatarsus and tarsus IV. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A – C, F – H); 0.5 mm (D, E, I, J).	Figure 2. Digital microscope photographs of somatic morphology of Foordana distincta sp. nov., male (A – E) and female (F – J). A, F habitus, dorsal view B, G same, lateral view C, H same, ventral view D, I leg I, prolateral view E, J metatarsus and tarsus IV. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A – C, F – H); 0.5 mm (D, E, I, J).	2025-01-23	Haddad, Charles R.		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.			
7F85D5E9921052EC9E5B8FE38A5C2374.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1230773	https://doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.66.139299.figure3	Figure 3. Scanning electron micrographs of Foordana distincta sp. nov., female A carapace, dorsal view B same, surface texture and setae C eye region, dorsal view D chelicerae, arrows indicating promarginal teeth E mouthparts F detail of endite serrula G sternum H patellar indentation, leg IV I same, detail of lyriform organ.	Figure 3. Scanning electron micrographs of Foordana distincta sp. nov., female A carapace, dorsal view B same, surface texture and setae C eye region, dorsal view D chelicerae, arrows indicating promarginal teeth E mouthparts F detail of endite serrula G sternum H patellar indentation, leg IV I same, detail of lyriform organ.	2025-01-23	Haddad, Charles R.		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.			
7F85D5E9921052EC9E5B8FE38A5C2374.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1230774	https://doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.66.139299.figure4	Figure 4. Scanning electron micrographs of Foordana distincta sp. nov., male A tibia I, ventral view B same, detail of cusps and scopulae C metatarsus I, ventral view D same, detail of cusps and scopulae E tarsus I, ventral view F same, detail of cusps and scopulae G – I detail of cusp structure on the tibia (G), metatarsus (H) and tarsus (I), arrows indicating triad of pores at base of cusp on proximal side.	Figure 4. Scanning electron micrographs of Foordana distincta sp. nov., male A tibia I, ventral view B same, detail of cusps and scopulae C metatarsus I, ventral view D same, detail of cusps and scopulae E tarsus I, ventral view F same, detail of cusps and scopulae G – I detail of cusp structure on the tibia (G), metatarsus (H) and tarsus (I), arrows indicating triad of pores at base of cusp on proximal side.	2025-01-23	Haddad, Charles R.		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.			
7F85D5E9921052EC9E5B8FE38A5C2374.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1230775	https://doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.66.139299.figure5	Figure 5. Scanning electron micrographs of Foordana distincta sp. nov., female A tibia I, ventral view B metatarsus I, ventral view C same, detail of scopulate setae, arrows indicating ovoid pores between scopulate setae D same, detail of ovoid pores E metatarsus IV, lateral view F tarsus I, ventral view G same, lateral view, arrow indicating position of tarsal organ H tarsus IV, detail of claw tuft and claws I tarsus I, base of dorsal trichobothrium J same, detail of tarsal organ.	Figure 5. Scanning electron micrographs of Foordana distincta sp. nov., female A tibia I, ventral view B metatarsus I, ventral view C same, detail of scopulate setae, arrows indicating ovoid pores between scopulate setae D same, detail of ovoid pores E metatarsus IV, lateral view F tarsus I, ventral view G same, lateral view, arrow indicating position of tarsal organ H tarsus IV, detail of claw tuft and claws I tarsus I, base of dorsal trichobothrium J same, detail of tarsal organ.	2025-01-23	Haddad, Charles R.		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.			
7F85D5E9921052EC9E5B8FE38A5C2374.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1230776	https://doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.66.139299.figure6	Figure 6. Scanning electron micrographs of Foordana distincta sp. nov., female A spinnerets, general view B anterior lateral spinnerets C posterior median spinnerets D posterior lateral spinnerets. Abbreviations: Ac – aciniform gland spigot (s); Cy – cylindrical gland spigot (s); mAmp – minor ampullate gland spigot; MAmp – major ampullate gland spigot; Pi – piriform gland spigot (s); Ta – tartipore.	Figure 6. Scanning electron micrographs of Foordana distincta sp. nov., female A spinnerets, general view B anterior lateral spinnerets C posterior median spinnerets D posterior lateral spinnerets. Abbreviations: Ac – aciniform gland spigot (s); Cy – cylindrical gland spigot (s); mAmp – minor ampullate gland spigot; MAmp – major ampullate gland spigot; Pi – piriform gland spigot (s); Ta – tartipore.	2025-01-23	Haddad, Charles R.		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.			
7F85D5E9921052EC9E5B8FE38A5C2374.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1230777	https://doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.66.139299.figure7	Figure 7. Scanning electron micrographs of Foordana distincta sp. nov., male (A – C) and female (D – F) A palpal patella, retrolateral view, arrow indicating lyriform organ B palpal tibia and tarsus, retrolateral view C same, detail of tibia D palpal claw E palpal tarsal organ F epigyne, ventral view.	Figure 7. Scanning electron micrographs of Foordana distincta sp. nov., male (A – C) and female (D – F) A palpal patella, retrolateral view, arrow indicating lyriform organ B palpal tibia and tarsus, retrolateral view C same, detail of tibia D palpal claw E palpal tarsal organ F epigyne, ventral view.	2025-01-23	Haddad, Charles R.		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.			
7F85D5E9921052EC9E5B8FE38A5C2374.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1230778	https://doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.66.139299.figure8	Figure 8. Foordana distincta sp. nov., male (A – C) and female (D, E). A schematic representation of cusp arrangement on legs I and II B palp, ventral view C same, retrolateral view D epigyne, ventral view E same, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CD – connecting duct; Cd – copulatory duct; CO – copulatory opening; dRTA – dorsal retrolateral tibial apophysis; EM – embolus; FD – fertilization duct; SD – sperm duct; ST I – primary spermatheca; ST II – secondary spermatheca; vRTA – ventral retrolateral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: 0.25 mm.	Figure 8. Foordana distincta sp. nov., male (A – C) and female (D, E). A schematic representation of cusp arrangement on legs I and II B palp, ventral view C same, retrolateral view D epigyne, ventral view E same, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CD – connecting duct; Cd – copulatory duct; CO – copulatory opening; dRTA – dorsal retrolateral tibial apophysis; EM – embolus; FD – fertilization duct; SD – sperm duct; ST I – primary spermatheca; ST II – secondary spermatheca; vRTA – ventral retrolateral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: 0.25 mm.	2025-01-23	Haddad, Charles R.		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.			
7F85D5E9921052EC9E5B8FE38A5C2374.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1230779	https://doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.66.139299.figure9	Figure 9. Digital microscope photographs of somatic morphology of Foordana flavipoda sp. nov., male (A, E) and female (B, I), F. kasouga sp. nov., male (C, F), F. distincta sp. nov., male (D) and female (G, H), and undescribed Foordana sp. from Zimbabwe, female (J). A – C habitus, dorsal view D – F palps, ventral view G, J uncleared epigynes, ventral view H, I cleared epigynes, ventral view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A – C), 0.5 mm (D – F), 0.25 mm (G – J).	Figure 9. Digital microscope photographs of somatic morphology of Foordana flavipoda sp. nov., male (A, E) and female (B, I), F. kasouga sp. nov., male (C, F), F. distincta sp. nov., male (D) and female (G, H), and undescribed Foordana sp. from Zimbabwe, female (J). A – C habitus, dorsal view D – F palps, ventral view G, J uncleared epigynes, ventral view H, I cleared epigynes, ventral view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A – C), 0.5 mm (D – F), 0.25 mm (G – J).	2025-01-23	Haddad, Charles R.		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.			
7F85D5E9921052EC9E5B8FE38A5C2374.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1230780	https://doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.66.139299.figure10	Figure 10. Foordana flavipoda sp. nov., male (A, B) and female (C, D). A palp, ventral view B same, retrolateral view C epigyne, ventral view D same, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CD – connecting duct; Cd – copulatory duct; CO – copulatory opening; dRTA – dorsal retrolateral tibial apophysis; EM – embolus; FD – fertilization duct; SD – sperm duct; ST I – primary spermatheca; ST II – secondary spermatheca; vRTA – ventral retrolateral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: 0.25 mm.	Figure 10. Foordana flavipoda sp. nov., male (A, B) and female (C, D). A palp, ventral view B same, retrolateral view C epigyne, ventral view D same, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CD – connecting duct; Cd – copulatory duct; CO – copulatory opening; dRTA – dorsal retrolateral tibial apophysis; EM – embolus; FD – fertilization duct; SD – sperm duct; ST I – primary spermatheca; ST II – secondary spermatheca; vRTA – ventral retrolateral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: 0.25 mm.	2025-01-23	Haddad, Charles R.		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.			
7F85D5E9921052EC9E5B8FE38A5C2374.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1230781	https://doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.66.139299.figure11	Figure 11. Foordana kasouga sp. nov., male A schematic representation of cusp arrangement B palp, ventral view C same, retrolateral view. Abbreviations: dRTA – dorsal retrolateral tibial apophysis; EM – embolus; SD – sperm duct; vRTA – ventral retrolateral tibial apophysis. Scale bar: 0.25 mm.	Figure 11. Foordana kasouga sp. nov., male A schematic representation of cusp arrangement B palp, ventral view C same, retrolateral view. Abbreviations: dRTA – dorsal retrolateral tibial apophysis; EM – embolus; SD – sperm duct; vRTA – ventral retrolateral tibial apophysis. Scale bar: 0.25 mm.	2025-01-23	Haddad, Charles R.		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.			
7F85D5E9921052EC9E5B8FE38A5C2374.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1230782	https://doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.66.139299.figure12	Figure 12. Distribution of Foordana distincta sp. nov. (black circles), F. flavipoda sp. nov. (white circles), F. kasouga (black triangles), Foordana sp. Zimbabwe (white triangle), Mushimane tswibilinki sp. nov. (black square), Namaquella arida sp. nov. (white square), N. samanthae sp. nov. (black star), Rukuluk gramineus sp. nov. (white star) and Rukuluk sp. Tembe (white pentagon) in southern Africa.	Figure 12. Distribution of Foordana distincta sp. nov. (black circles), F. flavipoda sp. nov. (white circles), F. kasouga (black triangles), Foordana sp. Zimbabwe (white triangle), Mushimane tswibilinki sp. nov. (black square), Namaquella arida sp. nov. (white square), N. samanthae sp. nov. (black star), Rukuluk gramineus sp. nov. (white star) and Rukuluk sp. Tembe (white pentagon) in southern Africa.	2025-01-23	Haddad, Charles R.		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.			
301FF2BAC0185A6AAF635802E403BD69.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1230779	https://doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.66.139299.figure9	Figure 9. Digital microscope photographs of somatic morphology of Foordana flavipoda sp. nov., male (A, E) and female (B, I), F. kasouga sp. nov., male (C, F), F. distincta sp. nov., male (D) and female (G, H), and undescribed Foordana sp. from Zimbabwe, female (J). A – C habitus, dorsal view D – F palps, ventral view G, J uncleared epigynes, ventral view H, I cleared epigynes, ventral view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A – C), 0.5 mm (D – F), 0.25 mm (G – J).	Figure 9. Digital microscope photographs of somatic morphology of Foordana flavipoda sp. nov., male (A, E) and female (B, I), F. kasouga sp. nov., male (C, F), F. distincta sp. nov., male (D) and female (G, H), and undescribed Foordana sp. from Zimbabwe, female (J). A – C habitus, dorsal view D – F palps, ventral view G, J uncleared epigynes, ventral view H, I cleared epigynes, ventral view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A – C), 0.5 mm (D – F), 0.25 mm (G – J).	2025-01-23	Haddad, Charles R.		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.			
301FF2BAC0185A6AAF635802E403BD69.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1230780	https://doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.66.139299.figure10	Figure 10. Foordana flavipoda sp. nov., male (A, B) and female (C, D). A palp, ventral view B same, retrolateral view C epigyne, ventral view D same, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CD – connecting duct; Cd – copulatory duct; CO – copulatory opening; dRTA – dorsal retrolateral tibial apophysis; EM – embolus; FD – fertilization duct; SD – sperm duct; ST I – primary spermatheca; ST II – secondary spermatheca; vRTA – ventral retrolateral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: 0.25 mm.	Figure 10. Foordana flavipoda sp. nov., male (A, B) and female (C, D). A palp, ventral view B same, retrolateral view C epigyne, ventral view D same, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CD – connecting duct; Cd – copulatory duct; CO – copulatory opening; dRTA – dorsal retrolateral tibial apophysis; EM – embolus; FD – fertilization duct; SD – sperm duct; ST I – primary spermatheca; ST II – secondary spermatheca; vRTA – ventral retrolateral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: 0.25 mm.	2025-01-23	Haddad, Charles R.		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.			
301FF2BAC0185A6AAF635802E403BD69.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1230778	https://doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.66.139299.figure8	Figure 8. Foordana distincta sp. nov., male (A – C) and female (D, E). A schematic representation of cusp arrangement on legs I and II B palp, ventral view C same, retrolateral view D epigyne, ventral view E same, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CD – connecting duct; Cd – copulatory duct; CO – copulatory opening; dRTA – dorsal retrolateral tibial apophysis; EM – embolus; FD – fertilization duct; SD – sperm duct; ST I – primary spermatheca; ST II – secondary spermatheca; vRTA – ventral retrolateral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: 0.25 mm.	Figure 8. Foordana distincta sp. nov., male (A – C) and female (D, E). A schematic representation of cusp arrangement on legs I and II B palp, ventral view C same, retrolateral view D epigyne, ventral view E same, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CD – connecting duct; Cd – copulatory duct; CO – copulatory opening; dRTA – dorsal retrolateral tibial apophysis; EM – embolus; FD – fertilization duct; SD – sperm duct; ST I – primary spermatheca; ST II – secondary spermatheca; vRTA – ventral retrolateral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: 0.25 mm.	2025-01-23	Haddad, Charles R.		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.			
301FF2BAC0185A6AAF635802E403BD69.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1230781	https://doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.66.139299.figure11	Figure 11. Foordana kasouga sp. nov., male A schematic representation of cusp arrangement B palp, ventral view C same, retrolateral view. Abbreviations: dRTA – dorsal retrolateral tibial apophysis; EM – embolus; SD – sperm duct; vRTA – ventral retrolateral tibial apophysis. Scale bar: 0.25 mm.	Figure 11. Foordana kasouga sp. nov., male A schematic representation of cusp arrangement B palp, ventral view C same, retrolateral view. Abbreviations: dRTA – dorsal retrolateral tibial apophysis; EM – embolus; SD – sperm duct; vRTA – ventral retrolateral tibial apophysis. Scale bar: 0.25 mm.	2025-01-23	Haddad, Charles R.		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.			
301FF2BAC0185A6AAF635802E403BD69.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1230782	https://doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.66.139299.figure12	Figure 12. Distribution of Foordana distincta sp. nov. (black circles), F. flavipoda sp. nov. (white circles), F. kasouga (black triangles), Foordana sp. Zimbabwe (white triangle), Mushimane tswibilinki sp. nov. (black square), Namaquella arida sp. nov. (white square), N. samanthae sp. nov. (black star), Rukuluk gramineus sp. nov. (white star) and Rukuluk sp. Tembe (white pentagon) in southern Africa.	Figure 12. Distribution of Foordana distincta sp. nov. (black circles), F. flavipoda sp. nov. (white circles), F. kasouga (black triangles), Foordana sp. Zimbabwe (white triangle), Mushimane tswibilinki sp. nov. (black square), Namaquella arida sp. nov. (white square), N. samanthae sp. nov. (black star), Rukuluk gramineus sp. nov. (white star) and Rukuluk sp. Tembe (white pentagon) in southern Africa.	2025-01-23	Haddad, Charles R.		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.			
9B3F15AED72957E092FA039C21D484D3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1230772	https://doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.66.139299.figure2	Figure 2. Digital microscope photographs of somatic morphology of Foordana distincta sp. nov., male (A – E) and female (F – J). A, F habitus, dorsal view B, G same, lateral view C, H same, ventral view D, I leg I, prolateral view E, J metatarsus and tarsus IV. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A – C, F – H); 0.5 mm (D, E, I, J).	Figure 2. Digital microscope photographs of somatic morphology of Foordana distincta sp. nov., male (A – E) and female (F – J). A, F habitus, dorsal view B, G same, lateral view C, H same, ventral view D, I leg I, prolateral view E, J metatarsus and tarsus IV. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A – C, F – H); 0.5 mm (D, E, I, J).	2025-01-23	Haddad, Charles R.		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.			
9B3F15AED72957E092FA039C21D484D3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1230774	https://doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.66.139299.figure4	Figure 4. Scanning electron micrographs of Foordana distincta sp. nov., male A tibia I, ventral view B same, detail of cusps and scopulae C metatarsus I, ventral view D same, detail of cusps and scopulae E tarsus I, ventral view F same, detail of cusps and scopulae G – I detail of cusp structure on the tibia (G), metatarsus (H) and tarsus (I), arrows indicating triad of pores at base of cusp on proximal side.	Figure 4. Scanning electron micrographs of Foordana distincta sp. nov., male A tibia I, ventral view B same, detail of cusps and scopulae C metatarsus I, ventral view D same, detail of cusps and scopulae E tarsus I, ventral view F same, detail of cusps and scopulae G – I detail of cusp structure on the tibia (G), metatarsus (H) and tarsus (I), arrows indicating triad of pores at base of cusp on proximal side.	2025-01-23	Haddad, Charles R.		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.			
9B3F15AED72957E092FA039C21D484D3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1230775	https://doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.66.139299.figure5	Figure 5. Scanning electron micrographs of Foordana distincta sp. nov., female A tibia I, ventral view B metatarsus I, ventral view C same, detail of scopulate setae, arrows indicating ovoid pores between scopulate setae D same, detail of ovoid pores E metatarsus IV, lateral view F tarsus I, ventral view G same, lateral view, arrow indicating position of tarsal organ H tarsus IV, detail of claw tuft and claws I tarsus I, base of dorsal trichobothrium J same, detail of tarsal organ.	Figure 5. Scanning electron micrographs of Foordana distincta sp. nov., female A tibia I, ventral view B metatarsus I, ventral view C same, detail of scopulate setae, arrows indicating ovoid pores between scopulate setae D same, detail of ovoid pores E metatarsus IV, lateral view F tarsus I, ventral view G same, lateral view, arrow indicating position of tarsal organ H tarsus IV, detail of claw tuft and claws I tarsus I, base of dorsal trichobothrium J same, detail of tarsal organ.	2025-01-23	Haddad, Charles R.		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.			
9B3F15AED72957E092FA039C21D484D3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1230779	https://doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.66.139299.figure9	Figure 9. Digital microscope photographs of somatic morphology of Foordana flavipoda sp. nov., male (A, E) and female (B, I), F. kasouga sp. nov., male (C, F), F. distincta sp. nov., male (D) and female (G, H), and undescribed Foordana sp. from Zimbabwe, female (J). A – C habitus, dorsal view D – F palps, ventral view G, J uncleared epigynes, ventral view H, I cleared epigynes, ventral view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A – C), 0.5 mm (D – F), 0.25 mm (G – J).	Figure 9. Digital microscope photographs of somatic morphology of Foordana flavipoda sp. nov., male (A, E) and female (B, I), F. kasouga sp. nov., male (C, F), F. distincta sp. nov., male (D) and female (G, H), and undescribed Foordana sp. from Zimbabwe, female (J). A – C habitus, dorsal view D – F palps, ventral view G, J uncleared epigynes, ventral view H, I cleared epigynes, ventral view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A – C), 0.5 mm (D – F), 0.25 mm (G – J).	2025-01-23	Haddad, Charles R.		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.			
9B3F15AED72957E092FA039C21D484D3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1230778	https://doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.66.139299.figure8	Figure 8. Foordana distincta sp. nov., male (A – C) and female (D, E). A schematic representation of cusp arrangement on legs I and II B palp, ventral view C same, retrolateral view D epigyne, ventral view E same, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CD – connecting duct; Cd – copulatory duct; CO – copulatory opening; dRTA – dorsal retrolateral tibial apophysis; EM – embolus; FD – fertilization duct; SD – sperm duct; ST I – primary spermatheca; ST II – secondary spermatheca; vRTA – ventral retrolateral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: 0.25 mm.	Figure 8. Foordana distincta sp. nov., male (A – C) and female (D, E). A schematic representation of cusp arrangement on legs I and II B palp, ventral view C same, retrolateral view D epigyne, ventral view E same, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CD – connecting duct; Cd – copulatory duct; CO – copulatory opening; dRTA – dorsal retrolateral tibial apophysis; EM – embolus; FD – fertilization duct; SD – sperm duct; ST I – primary spermatheca; ST II – secondary spermatheca; vRTA – ventral retrolateral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: 0.25 mm.	2025-01-23	Haddad, Charles R.		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.			
9B3F15AED72957E092FA039C21D484D3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1230780	https://doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.66.139299.figure10	Figure 10. Foordana flavipoda sp. nov., male (A, B) and female (C, D). A palp, ventral view B same, retrolateral view C epigyne, ventral view D same, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CD – connecting duct; Cd – copulatory duct; CO – copulatory opening; dRTA – dorsal retrolateral tibial apophysis; EM – embolus; FD – fertilization duct; SD – sperm duct; ST I – primary spermatheca; ST II – secondary spermatheca; vRTA – ventral retrolateral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: 0.25 mm.	Figure 10. Foordana flavipoda sp. nov., male (A, B) and female (C, D). A palp, ventral view B same, retrolateral view C epigyne, ventral view D same, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CD – connecting duct; Cd – copulatory duct; CO – copulatory opening; dRTA – dorsal retrolateral tibial apophysis; EM – embolus; FD – fertilization duct; SD – sperm duct; ST I – primary spermatheca; ST II – secondary spermatheca; vRTA – ventral retrolateral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: 0.25 mm.	2025-01-23	Haddad, Charles R.		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.			
9B3F15AED72957E092FA039C21D484D3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1230781	https://doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.66.139299.figure11	Figure 11. Foordana kasouga sp. nov., male A schematic representation of cusp arrangement B palp, ventral view C same, retrolateral view. Abbreviations: dRTA – dorsal retrolateral tibial apophysis; EM – embolus; SD – sperm duct; vRTA – ventral retrolateral tibial apophysis. Scale bar: 0.25 mm.	Figure 11. Foordana kasouga sp. nov., male A schematic representation of cusp arrangement B palp, ventral view C same, retrolateral view. Abbreviations: dRTA – dorsal retrolateral tibial apophysis; EM – embolus; SD – sperm duct; vRTA – ventral retrolateral tibial apophysis. Scale bar: 0.25 mm.	2025-01-23	Haddad, Charles R.		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.			
9B3F15AED72957E092FA039C21D484D3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1230771	https://doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.66.139299.figure1	Figure 1. General habitus of live Foordana distincta sp. nov., female from Komani, Eastern Cape (A – C), Namaquella arida sp. nov., male from Akkerendam Nature Reserve, Northern Cape (D – F), and Rukuluk gramineus sp. nov., female from Witsand Nature Reserve, Northern Cape (G – I). A, D, G Dorsal view B, E, H Anterior view C, F Lateral view I Dorsolateral view. Photos by Ruan Booysen.	Figure 1. General habitus of live Foordana distincta sp. nov., female from Komani, Eastern Cape (A – C), Namaquella arida sp. nov., male from Akkerendam Nature Reserve, Northern Cape (D – F), and Rukuluk gramineus sp. nov., female from Witsand Nature Reserve, Northern Cape (G – I). A, D, G Dorsal view B, E, H Anterior view C, F Lateral view I Dorsolateral view. Photos by Ruan Booysen.	2025-01-23	Haddad, Charles R.		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.			
9B3F15AED72957E092FA039C21D484D3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1230773	https://doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.66.139299.figure3	Figure 3. Scanning electron micrographs of Foordana distincta sp. nov., female A carapace, dorsal view B same, surface texture and setae C eye region, dorsal view D chelicerae, arrows indicating promarginal teeth E mouthparts F detail of endite serrula G sternum H patellar indentation, leg IV I same, detail of lyriform organ.	Figure 3. Scanning electron micrographs of Foordana distincta sp. nov., female A carapace, dorsal view B same, surface texture and setae C eye region, dorsal view D chelicerae, arrows indicating promarginal teeth E mouthparts F detail of endite serrula G sternum H patellar indentation, leg IV I same, detail of lyriform organ.	2025-01-23	Haddad, Charles R.		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.			
9B3F15AED72957E092FA039C21D484D3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1230776	https://doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.66.139299.figure6	Figure 6. Scanning electron micrographs of Foordana distincta sp. nov., female A spinnerets, general view B anterior lateral spinnerets C posterior median spinnerets D posterior lateral spinnerets. Abbreviations: Ac – aciniform gland spigot (s); Cy – cylindrical gland spigot (s); mAmp – minor ampullate gland spigot; MAmp – major ampullate gland spigot; Pi – piriform gland spigot (s); Ta – tartipore.	Figure 6. Scanning electron micrographs of Foordana distincta sp. nov., female A spinnerets, general view B anterior lateral spinnerets C posterior median spinnerets D posterior lateral spinnerets. Abbreviations: Ac – aciniform gland spigot (s); Cy – cylindrical gland spigot (s); mAmp – minor ampullate gland spigot; MAmp – major ampullate gland spigot; Pi – piriform gland spigot (s); Ta – tartipore.	2025-01-23	Haddad, Charles R.		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.			
9B3F15AED72957E092FA039C21D484D3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1230777	https://doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.66.139299.figure7	Figure 7. Scanning electron micrographs of Foordana distincta sp. nov., male (A – C) and female (D – F) A palpal patella, retrolateral view, arrow indicating lyriform organ B palpal tibia and tarsus, retrolateral view C same, detail of tibia D palpal claw E palpal tarsal organ F epigyne, ventral view.	Figure 7. Scanning electron micrographs of Foordana distincta sp. nov., male (A – C) and female (D – F) A palpal patella, retrolateral view, arrow indicating lyriform organ B palpal tibia and tarsus, retrolateral view C same, detail of tibia D palpal claw E palpal tarsal organ F epigyne, ventral view.	2025-01-23	Haddad, Charles R.		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.			
4A3F929A987F5C9F9DF29B3DF3204263.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1230779	https://doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.66.139299.figure9	Figure 9. Digital microscope photographs of somatic morphology of Foordana flavipoda sp. nov., male (A, E) and female (B, I), F. kasouga sp. nov., male (C, F), F. distincta sp. nov., male (D) and female (G, H), and undescribed Foordana sp. from Zimbabwe, female (J). A – C habitus, dorsal view D – F palps, ventral view G, J uncleared epigynes, ventral view H, I cleared epigynes, ventral view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A – C), 0.5 mm (D – F), 0.25 mm (G – J).	Figure 9. Digital microscope photographs of somatic morphology of Foordana flavipoda sp. nov., male (A, E) and female (B, I), F. kasouga sp. nov., male (C, F), F. distincta sp. nov., male (D) and female (G, H), and undescribed Foordana sp. from Zimbabwe, female (J). A – C habitus, dorsal view D – F palps, ventral view G, J uncleared epigynes, ventral view H, I cleared epigynes, ventral view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A – C), 0.5 mm (D – F), 0.25 mm (G – J).	2025-01-23	Haddad, Charles R.		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.			
4A3F929A987F5C9F9DF29B3DF3204263.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1230781	https://doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.66.139299.figure11	Figure 11. Foordana kasouga sp. nov., male A schematic representation of cusp arrangement B palp, ventral view C same, retrolateral view. Abbreviations: dRTA – dorsal retrolateral tibial apophysis; EM – embolus; SD – sperm duct; vRTA – ventral retrolateral tibial apophysis. Scale bar: 0.25 mm.	Figure 11. Foordana kasouga sp. nov., male A schematic representation of cusp arrangement B palp, ventral view C same, retrolateral view. Abbreviations: dRTA – dorsal retrolateral tibial apophysis; EM – embolus; SD – sperm duct; vRTA – ventral retrolateral tibial apophysis. Scale bar: 0.25 mm.	2025-01-23	Haddad, Charles R.		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.			
4A3F929A987F5C9F9DF29B3DF3204263.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1230778	https://doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.66.139299.figure8	Figure 8. Foordana distincta sp. nov., male (A – C) and female (D, E). A schematic representation of cusp arrangement on legs I and II B palp, ventral view C same, retrolateral view D epigyne, ventral view E same, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CD – connecting duct; Cd – copulatory duct; CO – copulatory opening; dRTA – dorsal retrolateral tibial apophysis; EM – embolus; FD – fertilization duct; SD – sperm duct; ST I – primary spermatheca; ST II – secondary spermatheca; vRTA – ventral retrolateral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: 0.25 mm.	Figure 8. Foordana distincta sp. nov., male (A – C) and female (D, E). A schematic representation of cusp arrangement on legs I and II B palp, ventral view C same, retrolateral view D epigyne, ventral view E same, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CD – connecting duct; Cd – copulatory duct; CO – copulatory opening; dRTA – dorsal retrolateral tibial apophysis; EM – embolus; FD – fertilization duct; SD – sperm duct; ST I – primary spermatheca; ST II – secondary spermatheca; vRTA – ventral retrolateral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: 0.25 mm.	2025-01-23	Haddad, Charles R.		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.			
4A3F929A987F5C9F9DF29B3DF3204263.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1230780	https://doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.66.139299.figure10	Figure 10. Foordana flavipoda sp. nov., male (A, B) and female (C, D). A palp, ventral view B same, retrolateral view C epigyne, ventral view D same, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CD – connecting duct; Cd – copulatory duct; CO – copulatory opening; dRTA – dorsal retrolateral tibial apophysis; EM – embolus; FD – fertilization duct; SD – sperm duct; ST I – primary spermatheca; ST II – secondary spermatheca; vRTA – ventral retrolateral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: 0.25 mm.	Figure 10. Foordana flavipoda sp. nov., male (A, B) and female (C, D). A palp, ventral view B same, retrolateral view C epigyne, ventral view D same, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CD – connecting duct; Cd – copulatory duct; CO – copulatory opening; dRTA – dorsal retrolateral tibial apophysis; EM – embolus; FD – fertilization duct; SD – sperm duct; ST I – primary spermatheca; ST II – secondary spermatheca; vRTA – ventral retrolateral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: 0.25 mm.	2025-01-23	Haddad, Charles R.		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.			
4A3F929A987F5C9F9DF29B3DF3204263.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1230782	https://doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.66.139299.figure12	Figure 12. Distribution of Foordana distincta sp. nov. (black circles), F. flavipoda sp. nov. (white circles), F. kasouga (black triangles), Foordana sp. Zimbabwe (white triangle), Mushimane tswibilinki sp. nov. (black square), Namaquella arida sp. nov. (white square), N. samanthae sp. nov. (black star), Rukuluk gramineus sp. nov. (white star) and Rukuluk sp. Tembe (white pentagon) in southern Africa.	Figure 12. Distribution of Foordana distincta sp. nov. (black circles), F. flavipoda sp. nov. (white circles), F. kasouga (black triangles), Foordana sp. Zimbabwe (white triangle), Mushimane tswibilinki sp. nov. (black square), Namaquella arida sp. nov. (white square), N. samanthae sp. nov. (black star), Rukuluk gramineus sp. nov. (white star) and Rukuluk sp. Tembe (white pentagon) in southern Africa.	2025-01-23	Haddad, Charles R.		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.			
4C5CF4B7DD445FBAAE7681D00171B589.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1230785	https://doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.66.139299.figure15	Figure 15. Mushimane tswibilinki sp. nov., male (A, B) and female (C, D). A palp, ventral view B same, retrolateral view C epigyne, ventral view D same, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CD – connecting duct; Cd – copulatory duct; CO – copulatory opening; EM – embolus; FD – fertilization duct; RTA – retrolateral tibial apophysis; SD – sperm duct; ST I – primary spermatheca; ST II – secondary spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.	Figure 15. Mushimane tswibilinki sp. nov., male (A, B) and female (C, D). A palp, ventral view B same, retrolateral view C epigyne, ventral view D same, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CD – connecting duct; Cd – copulatory duct; CO – copulatory opening; EM – embolus; FD – fertilization duct; RTA – retrolateral tibial apophysis; SD – sperm duct; ST I – primary spermatheca; ST II – secondary spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.	2025-01-23	Haddad, Charles R.		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.			
4C5CF4B7DD445FBAAE7681D00171B589.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1230783	https://doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.66.139299.figure13	Figure 13. Digital microscope photographs of somatic morphology of Mushimane tswibilinki sp. nov. male (A – E) and female (F – J). A, F habitus, dorsal view B, G same, lateral view C, H same, ventral view D, I leg I, prolateral view E, J metatarsus and tarsus IV. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A – C, F – H); 0.5 mm (D, E, I, J).	Figure 13. Digital microscope photographs of somatic morphology of Mushimane tswibilinki sp. nov. male (A – E) and female (F – J). A, F habitus, dorsal view B, G same, lateral view C, H same, ventral view D, I leg I, prolateral view E, J metatarsus and tarsus IV. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A – C, F – H); 0.5 mm (D, E, I, J).	2025-01-23	Haddad, Charles R.		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.			
4C5CF4B7DD445FBAAE7681D00171B589.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1230784	https://doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.66.139299.figure14	Figure 14. Scanning electron micrographs of Mushimane tswibilinki sp. nov. female A carapace, dorsolateral view B eye region, anterodorsal view C tarsus I, dorsolateral view, arrow indicating position of tarsal organ D same, enlargement of claws, dorsolateral view, arrow indicating tarsal organ E same, paired dorsal trichobothria F same, enlargement of tarsal organ G anterior lateral spinneret H posterior median spinnerets I posterior lateral spinneret. Abbreviations: Ac: aciniform gland spigot (s); Cy: cylindrical gland spigot (s); mAmp: minor ampullate gland spigot; MAmp: major ampullate gland spigot; n: nubbin; Pi: piriform gland spigot (s).	Figure 14. Scanning electron micrographs of Mushimane tswibilinki sp. nov. female A carapace, dorsolateral view B eye region, anterodorsal view C tarsus I, dorsolateral view, arrow indicating position of tarsal organ D same, enlargement of claws, dorsolateral view, arrow indicating tarsal organ E same, paired dorsal trichobothria F same, enlargement of tarsal organ G anterior lateral spinneret H posterior median spinnerets I posterior lateral spinneret. Abbreviations: Ac: aciniform gland spigot (s); Cy: cylindrical gland spigot (s); mAmp: minor ampullate gland spigot; MAmp: major ampullate gland spigot; n: nubbin; Pi: piriform gland spigot (s).	2025-01-23	Haddad, Charles R.		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.			
4B607F4CB0E153D394A5A45B8155BFE1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1230783	https://doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.66.139299.figure13	Figure 13. Digital microscope photographs of somatic morphology of Mushimane tswibilinki sp. nov. male (A – E) and female (F – J). A, F habitus, dorsal view B, G same, lateral view C, H same, ventral view D, I leg I, prolateral view E, J metatarsus and tarsus IV. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A – C, F – H); 0.5 mm (D, E, I, J).	Figure 13. Digital microscope photographs of somatic morphology of Mushimane tswibilinki sp. nov. male (A – E) and female (F – J). A, F habitus, dorsal view B, G same, lateral view C, H same, ventral view D, I leg I, prolateral view E, J metatarsus and tarsus IV. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A – C, F – H); 0.5 mm (D, E, I, J).	2025-01-23	Haddad, Charles R.		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.			
4B607F4CB0E153D394A5A45B8155BFE1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1230784	https://doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.66.139299.figure14	Figure 14. Scanning electron micrographs of Mushimane tswibilinki sp. nov. female A carapace, dorsolateral view B eye region, anterodorsal view C tarsus I, dorsolateral view, arrow indicating position of tarsal organ D same, enlargement of claws, dorsolateral view, arrow indicating tarsal organ E same, paired dorsal trichobothria F same, enlargement of tarsal organ G anterior lateral spinneret H posterior median spinnerets I posterior lateral spinneret. Abbreviations: Ac: aciniform gland spigot (s); Cy: cylindrical gland spigot (s); mAmp: minor ampullate gland spigot; MAmp: major ampullate gland spigot; n: nubbin; Pi: piriform gland spigot (s).	Figure 14. Scanning electron micrographs of Mushimane tswibilinki sp. nov. female A carapace, dorsolateral view B eye region, anterodorsal view C tarsus I, dorsolateral view, arrow indicating position of tarsal organ D same, enlargement of claws, dorsolateral view, arrow indicating tarsal organ E same, paired dorsal trichobothria F same, enlargement of tarsal organ G anterior lateral spinneret H posterior median spinnerets I posterior lateral spinneret. Abbreviations: Ac: aciniform gland spigot (s); Cy: cylindrical gland spigot (s); mAmp: minor ampullate gland spigot; MAmp: major ampullate gland spigot; n: nubbin; Pi: piriform gland spigot (s).	2025-01-23	Haddad, Charles R.		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.			
4B607F4CB0E153D394A5A45B8155BFE1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1230785	https://doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.66.139299.figure15	Figure 15. Mushimane tswibilinki sp. nov., male (A, B) and female (C, D). A palp, ventral view B same, retrolateral view C epigyne, ventral view D same, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CD – connecting duct; Cd – copulatory duct; CO – copulatory opening; EM – embolus; FD – fertilization duct; RTA – retrolateral tibial apophysis; SD – sperm duct; ST I – primary spermatheca; ST II – secondary spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.	Figure 15. Mushimane tswibilinki sp. nov., male (A, B) and female (C, D). A palp, ventral view B same, retrolateral view C epigyne, ventral view D same, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CD – connecting duct; Cd – copulatory duct; CO – copulatory opening; EM – embolus; FD – fertilization duct; RTA – retrolateral tibial apophysis; SD – sperm duct; ST I – primary spermatheca; ST II – secondary spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.	2025-01-23	Haddad, Charles R.		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.			
4B607F4CB0E153D394A5A45B8155BFE1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1230782	https://doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.66.139299.figure12	Figure 12. Distribution of Foordana distincta sp. nov. (black circles), F. flavipoda sp. nov. (white circles), F. kasouga (black triangles), Foordana sp. Zimbabwe (white triangle), Mushimane tswibilinki sp. nov. (black square), Namaquella arida sp. nov. (white square), N. samanthae sp. nov. (black star), Rukuluk gramineus sp. nov. (white star) and Rukuluk sp. Tembe (white pentagon) in southern Africa.	Figure 12. Distribution of Foordana distincta sp. nov. (black circles), F. flavipoda sp. nov. (white circles), F. kasouga (black triangles), Foordana sp. Zimbabwe (white triangle), Mushimane tswibilinki sp. nov. (black square), Namaquella arida sp. nov. (white square), N. samanthae sp. nov. (black star), Rukuluk gramineus sp. nov. (white star) and Rukuluk sp. Tembe (white pentagon) in southern Africa.	2025-01-23	Haddad, Charles R.		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.			
DAFF75AFBC605548B71D4FBFA5AE1195.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1230786	https://doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.66.139299.figure16	Figure 16. Digital microscope photographs of somatic morphology of Namaquella arida sp. nov., male (A – E) and female (F – J). A, F habitus, dorsal view B, G same, lateral view C, H same, ventral view D, I leg I, prolateral view, arrowheads in D indicating ventral cusps E, J metatarsus and tarsus IV. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A – C, F – H); 0.5 mm (D, E, I, J).	Figure 16. Digital microscope photographs of somatic morphology of Namaquella arida sp. nov., male (A – E) and female (F – J). A, F habitus, dorsal view B, G same, lateral view C, H same, ventral view D, I leg I, prolateral view, arrowheads in D indicating ventral cusps E, J metatarsus and tarsus IV. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A – C, F – H); 0.5 mm (D, E, I, J).	2025-01-23	Haddad, Charles R.		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.			
DAFF75AFBC605548B71D4FBFA5AE1195.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1230787	https://doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.66.139299.figure17	Figure 17. Scanning electron micrographs of Namaquella arida sp. nov., subadult male A carapace, dorsal view B same, surface texture and setae C eye region, dorsal view D chelicerae, arrows indicating promarginal teeth E mouthparts F modified setae on posterior surface of paturon G detail of serrula H patellar indentation, leg IV I same, detail of lyriform organ.	Figure 17. Scanning electron micrographs of Namaquella arida sp. nov., subadult male A carapace, dorsal view B same, surface texture and setae C eye region, dorsal view D chelicerae, arrows indicating promarginal teeth E mouthparts F modified setae on posterior surface of paturon G detail of serrula H patellar indentation, leg IV I same, detail of lyriform organ.	2025-01-23	Haddad, Charles R.		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.			
DAFF75AFBC605548B71D4FBFA5AE1195.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1230788	https://doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.66.139299.figure18	Figure 18. Scanning electron micrographs of Namaquella arida sp. nov., subadult male A tibia I, lateral view B metatarsus I, lateral view C same, metatarsal stopper D metatarsus IV, metatarsal stopper and preening comb E tarsus I, lateral view, arrow indicating position of tarsal organ F same, detail of tarsal organ G same, detail of claw tuft and claws, ventrolateral view H same, distolateral view I same, base of dorsal trichobothrium.	Figure 18. Scanning electron micrographs of Namaquella arida sp. nov., subadult male A tibia I, lateral view B metatarsus I, lateral view C same, metatarsal stopper D metatarsus IV, metatarsal stopper and preening comb E tarsus I, lateral view, arrow indicating position of tarsal organ F same, detail of tarsal organ G same, detail of claw tuft and claws, ventrolateral view H same, distolateral view I same, base of dorsal trichobothrium.	2025-01-23	Haddad, Charles R.		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.			
DAFF75AFBC605548B71D4FBFA5AE1195.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1230789	https://doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.66.139299.figure19	Figure 19. Namaquella arida sp. nov., male (A – C) and female (D, E). A schematic representation of cusp arrangement on legs I and II B palp, ventral view C same, retrolateral view D epigyne, ventral view E same, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CD – connecting duct; Cd – copulatory duct; CO – copulatory opening; EM – embolus; FD – fertilization duct; RTA – retrolateral tibial apophysis; SD – sperm duct; ST I – primary spermatheca; ST II – secondary spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.	Figure 19. Namaquella arida sp. nov., male (A – C) and female (D, E). A schematic representation of cusp arrangement on legs I and II B palp, ventral view C same, retrolateral view D epigyne, ventral view E same, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CD – connecting duct; Cd – copulatory duct; CO – copulatory opening; EM – embolus; FD – fertilization duct; RTA – retrolateral tibial apophysis; SD – sperm duct; ST I – primary spermatheca; ST II – secondary spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.	2025-01-23	Haddad, Charles R.		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.			
DAFF75AFBC605548B71D4FBFA5AE1195.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1230782	https://doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.66.139299.figure12	Figure 12. Distribution of Foordana distincta sp. nov. (black circles), F. flavipoda sp. nov. (white circles), F. kasouga (black triangles), Foordana sp. Zimbabwe (white triangle), Mushimane tswibilinki sp. nov. (black square), Namaquella arida sp. nov. (white square), N. samanthae sp. nov. (black star), Rukuluk gramineus sp. nov. (white star) and Rukuluk sp. Tembe (white pentagon) in southern Africa.	Figure 12. Distribution of Foordana distincta sp. nov. (black circles), F. flavipoda sp. nov. (white circles), F. kasouga (black triangles), Foordana sp. Zimbabwe (white triangle), Mushimane tswibilinki sp. nov. (black square), Namaquella arida sp. nov. (white square), N. samanthae sp. nov. (black star), Rukuluk gramineus sp. nov. (white star) and Rukuluk sp. Tembe (white pentagon) in southern Africa.	2025-01-23	Haddad, Charles R.		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.			
0A0527996D675A1697AC0C93C605F54A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1230789	https://doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.66.139299.figure19	Figure 19. Namaquella arida sp. nov., male (A – C) and female (D, E). A schematic representation of cusp arrangement on legs I and II B palp, ventral view C same, retrolateral view D epigyne, ventral view E same, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CD – connecting duct; Cd – copulatory duct; CO – copulatory opening; EM – embolus; FD – fertilization duct; RTA – retrolateral tibial apophysis; SD – sperm duct; ST I – primary spermatheca; ST II – secondary spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.	Figure 19. Namaquella arida sp. nov., male (A – C) and female (D, E). A schematic representation of cusp arrangement on legs I and II B palp, ventral view C same, retrolateral view D epigyne, ventral view E same, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CD – connecting duct; Cd – copulatory duct; CO – copulatory opening; EM – embolus; FD – fertilization duct; RTA – retrolateral tibial apophysis; SD – sperm duct; ST I – primary spermatheca; ST II – secondary spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.	2025-01-23	Haddad, Charles R.		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.			
0A0527996D675A1697AC0C93C605F54A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1230790	https://doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.66.139299.figure20	Figure 20. Namaquella samanthae sp. nov., male A schematic representation of cusp arrangement on legs I and II B palp, ventral view C same, retrolateral view. Abbreviations: EM – embolus; RTA – retrolateral tibial apophysis; SD – sperm duct. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.	Figure 20. Namaquella samanthae sp. nov., male A schematic representation of cusp arrangement on legs I and II B palp, ventral view C same, retrolateral view. Abbreviations: EM – embolus; RTA – retrolateral tibial apophysis; SD – sperm duct. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.	2025-01-23	Haddad, Charles R.		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.			
0A0527996D675A1697AC0C93C605F54A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1230797	https://doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.66.139299.figure27	Figure 27. Rukuluk gramineus male (A – C) and female (D, E). A schematic representation of cusp arrangement on legs I and II B palp, ventral view C same, retrolateral view D epigyne, ventral view E same, dorsal view F diagrammatic course of the insemination ducts. Abbreviations: AG – accessory glands; AT – atrium; Cd – copulatory duct; CO – copulatory opening; dRTA – dorsal retrolateral tibial apophysis; EM – embolus; FD – fertilization duct; SD – sperm duct; ST I – primary spermatheca; ST II – secondary spermatheca; vRTA – ventral retrolateral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: 0.25 mm.	Figure 27. Rukuluk gramineus male (A – C) and female (D, E). A schematic representation of cusp arrangement on legs I and II B palp, ventral view C same, retrolateral view D epigyne, ventral view E same, dorsal view F diagrammatic course of the insemination ducts. Abbreviations: AG – accessory glands; AT – atrium; Cd – copulatory duct; CO – copulatory opening; dRTA – dorsal retrolateral tibial apophysis; EM – embolus; FD – fertilization duct; SD – sperm duct; ST I – primary spermatheca; ST II – secondary spermatheca; vRTA – ventral retrolateral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: 0.25 mm.	2025-01-23	Haddad, Charles R.		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.			
0A0527996D675A1697AC0C93C605F54A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1230786	https://doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.66.139299.figure16	Figure 16. Digital microscope photographs of somatic morphology of Namaquella arida sp. nov., male (A – E) and female (F – J). A, F habitus, dorsal view B, G same, lateral view C, H same, ventral view D, I leg I, prolateral view, arrowheads in D indicating ventral cusps E, J metatarsus and tarsus IV. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A – C, F – H); 0.5 mm (D, E, I, J).	Figure 16. Digital microscope photographs of somatic morphology of Namaquella arida sp. nov., male (A – E) and female (F – J). A, F habitus, dorsal view B, G same, lateral view C, H same, ventral view D, I leg I, prolateral view, arrowheads in D indicating ventral cusps E, J metatarsus and tarsus IV. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A – C, F – H); 0.5 mm (D, E, I, J).	2025-01-23	Haddad, Charles R.		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.			
0A0527996D675A1697AC0C93C605F54A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1230787	https://doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.66.139299.figure17	Figure 17. Scanning electron micrographs of Namaquella arida sp. nov., subadult male A carapace, dorsal view B same, surface texture and setae C eye region, dorsal view D chelicerae, arrows indicating promarginal teeth E mouthparts F modified setae on posterior surface of paturon G detail of serrula H patellar indentation, leg IV I same, detail of lyriform organ.	Figure 17. Scanning electron micrographs of Namaquella arida sp. nov., subadult male A carapace, dorsal view B same, surface texture and setae C eye region, dorsal view D chelicerae, arrows indicating promarginal teeth E mouthparts F modified setae on posterior surface of paturon G detail of serrula H patellar indentation, leg IV I same, detail of lyriform organ.	2025-01-23	Haddad, Charles R.		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.			
0A0527996D675A1697AC0C93C605F54A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1230788	https://doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.66.139299.figure18	Figure 18. Scanning electron micrographs of Namaquella arida sp. nov., subadult male A tibia I, lateral view B metatarsus I, lateral view C same, metatarsal stopper D metatarsus IV, metatarsal stopper and preening comb E tarsus I, lateral view, arrow indicating position of tarsal organ F same, detail of tarsal organ G same, detail of claw tuft and claws, ventrolateral view H same, distolateral view I same, base of dorsal trichobothrium.	Figure 18. Scanning electron micrographs of Namaquella arida sp. nov., subadult male A tibia I, lateral view B metatarsus I, lateral view C same, metatarsal stopper D metatarsus IV, metatarsal stopper and preening comb E tarsus I, lateral view, arrow indicating position of tarsal organ F same, detail of tarsal organ G same, detail of claw tuft and claws, ventrolateral view H same, distolateral view I same, base of dorsal trichobothrium.	2025-01-23	Haddad, Charles R.		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.			
D912A4A904FA534584A6EDA31EB07F24.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1230790	https://doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.66.139299.figure20	Figure 20. Namaquella samanthae sp. nov., male A schematic representation of cusp arrangement on legs I and II B palp, ventral view C same, retrolateral view. Abbreviations: EM – embolus; RTA – retrolateral tibial apophysis; SD – sperm duct. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.	Figure 20. Namaquella samanthae sp. nov., male A schematic representation of cusp arrangement on legs I and II B palp, ventral view C same, retrolateral view. Abbreviations: EM – embolus; RTA – retrolateral tibial apophysis; SD – sperm duct. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.	2025-01-23	Haddad, Charles R.		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.			
31A6F7D6081B53F88A57571A26AA459A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1230791	https://doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.66.139299.figure21	Figure 21. Digital microscope photographs of somatic morphology of Rukuluk gramineus sp. nov., male (A – E, K – N) and female (F – J, O). A, F habitus, dorsal view B, G same, lateral view C, H same, ventral view D, I leg I, prolateral view E, J metatarsus and tarsus IV K – N left male palp in prolateral (K), ventral (L), retrolateral (M) and dorsal (N) views; O epigyne, ventral view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A – C, F – H); 0.5 mm (D, E, I, J); 0.25 mm (K – O).	Figure 21. Digital microscope photographs of somatic morphology of Rukuluk gramineus sp. nov., male (A – E, K – N) and female (F – J, O). A, F habitus, dorsal view B, G same, lateral view C, H same, ventral view D, I leg I, prolateral view E, J metatarsus and tarsus IV K – N left male palp in prolateral (K), ventral (L), retrolateral (M) and dorsal (N) views; O epigyne, ventral view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A – C, F – H); 0.5 mm (D, E, I, J); 0.25 mm (K – O).	2025-01-23	Haddad, Charles R.		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.			
31A6F7D6081B53F88A57571A26AA459A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1230792	https://doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.66.139299.figure22	Figure 22. Scanning electron micrographs of Rukuluk gramineus sp. nov., female (A, C, D, F – I) and male (B, E). A carapace, dorsal view B eye region, anterior view C same, dorsal view D chelicerae, anterior view E distal end of chelicerae, ventral view F mouthparts, ventral view G detail of serrula H sternum, arrow indicating slit sensilla I same, enlarged.	Figure 22. Scanning electron micrographs of Rukuluk gramineus sp. nov., female (A, C, D, F – I) and male (B, E). A carapace, dorsal view B eye region, anterior view C same, dorsal view D chelicerae, anterior view E distal end of chelicerae, ventral view F mouthparts, ventral view G detail of serrula H sternum, arrow indicating slit sensilla I same, enlarged.	2025-01-23	Haddad, Charles R.		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.			
31A6F7D6081B53F88A57571A26AA459A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1230793	https://doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.66.139299.figure23	Figure 23. Scanning electron micrographs of Rukuluk gramineus sp. nov., female A leg I, prolateral view B patellar indentation and lyriform organ, leg I C same, detail of lyriform organ D tibia I, prolateral view E same, detail of scopulate setae F metatarsus I, prolateral view G same, detail of scopulate setae H same, detail of metatarsal stopper I tarsus I, prolateral view J same, retrodistal view, black arrow indicating position of tarsal organ K same, enlargement of tarsal claws L same, tarsal claws in distal view.	Figure 23. Scanning electron micrographs of Rukuluk gramineus sp. nov., female A leg I, prolateral view B patellar indentation and lyriform organ, leg I C same, detail of lyriform organ D tibia I, prolateral view E same, detail of scopulate setae F metatarsus I, prolateral view G same, detail of scopulate setae H same, detail of metatarsal stopper I tarsus I, prolateral view J same, retrodistal view, black arrow indicating position of tarsal organ K same, enlargement of tarsal claws L same, tarsal claws in distal view.	2025-01-23	Haddad, Charles R.		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.			
31A6F7D6081B53F88A57571A26AA459A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1230794	https://doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.66.139299.figure24	Figure 24. Scanning electron micrographs of Rukuluk gramineus sp. nov., male (A – H) and female (I). A tibia I, ventral view B same, prolateral view C metatarsus I, ventral view D same, prolateral view, arrow indicating distal slit sensillium E tarsus I, ventral view F same, prolateral view G tibia II, lateral view, black arrows indicating ovoid sensory pores (H) I metatarsus IV, stopper and distal comb / brush.	Figure 24. Scanning electron micrographs of Rukuluk gramineus sp. nov., male (A – H) and female (I). A tibia I, ventral view B same, prolateral view C metatarsus I, ventral view D same, prolateral view, arrow indicating distal slit sensillium E tarsus I, ventral view F same, prolateral view G tibia II, lateral view, black arrows indicating ovoid sensory pores (H) I metatarsus IV, stopper and distal comb / brush.	2025-01-23	Haddad, Charles R.		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.			
31A6F7D6081B53F88A57571A26AA459A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1230795	https://doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.66.139299.figure25	Figure 25. Scanning electron micrographs of Rukuluk gramineus sp. nov., male (A, B, G, H) and female (C – F, I – L). A, B metatarsi I (A) and II (B), ventral cusps, arrows indicating triad of pores at base of cusp on proximal side C distal half of tarsus IV, seemingly lacking a tarsal organ D tarsus I, lateral trichobothrium base E tarsus IV, dorsal trichobothrium F, G tarsus I, tarsal organ H abdominal dorsum I ventral abdominal setae J anterior lateral spinneret K posterior median spinneret L posterior lateral spinneret. Abbreviations: Ac: aciniform gland spigot (s); Cy: cylindrical gland spigot (s); mAmp: minor ampullate gland spigot (s); MAmp: major ampullate gland spigot; Pi: piriform gland spigot (s).	Figure 25. Scanning electron micrographs of Rukuluk gramineus sp. nov., male (A, B, G, H) and female (C – F, I – L). A, B metatarsi I (A) and II (B), ventral cusps, arrows indicating triad of pores at base of cusp on proximal side C distal half of tarsus IV, seemingly lacking a tarsal organ D tarsus I, lateral trichobothrium base E tarsus IV, dorsal trichobothrium F, G tarsus I, tarsal organ H abdominal dorsum I ventral abdominal setae J anterior lateral spinneret K posterior median spinneret L posterior lateral spinneret. Abbreviations: Ac: aciniform gland spigot (s); Cy: cylindrical gland spigot (s); mAmp: minor ampullate gland spigot (s); MAmp: major ampullate gland spigot; Pi: piriform gland spigot (s).	2025-01-23	Haddad, Charles R.		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.			
31A6F7D6081B53F88A57571A26AA459A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1230796	https://doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.66.139299.figure26	Figure 26. Scanning electron micrographs of Rukuluk gramineus sp. nov., male (A – D) and female (E). A right palp, retrolateral view B left palp, ventral view C detail of dorsal tibial trichobothrium D palpal patella, enlargement of retrolateral lyriform organ E epigyne, ventral view. Abbreviations: LO – lyriform organ; RB – retrobasal cymbial groove; RD – retrodistal cymbial groove; Tr – trichobothrium.	Figure 26. Scanning electron micrographs of Rukuluk gramineus sp. nov., male (A – D) and female (E). A right palp, retrolateral view B left palp, ventral view C detail of dorsal tibial trichobothrium D palpal patella, enlargement of retrolateral lyriform organ E epigyne, ventral view. Abbreviations: LO – lyriform organ; RB – retrobasal cymbial groove; RD – retrodistal cymbial groove; Tr – trichobothrium.	2025-01-23	Haddad, Charles R.		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.			
31A6F7D6081B53F88A57571A26AA459A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1230797	https://doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.66.139299.figure27	Figure 27. Rukuluk gramineus male (A – C) and female (D, E). A schematic representation of cusp arrangement on legs I and II B palp, ventral view C same, retrolateral view D epigyne, ventral view E same, dorsal view F diagrammatic course of the insemination ducts. Abbreviations: AG – accessory glands; AT – atrium; Cd – copulatory duct; CO – copulatory opening; dRTA – dorsal retrolateral tibial apophysis; EM – embolus; FD – fertilization duct; SD – sperm duct; ST I – primary spermatheca; ST II – secondary spermatheca; vRTA – ventral retrolateral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: 0.25 mm.	Figure 27. Rukuluk gramineus male (A – C) and female (D, E). A schematic representation of cusp arrangement on legs I and II B palp, ventral view C same, retrolateral view D epigyne, ventral view E same, dorsal view F diagrammatic course of the insemination ducts. Abbreviations: AG – accessory glands; AT – atrium; Cd – copulatory duct; CO – copulatory opening; dRTA – dorsal retrolateral tibial apophysis; EM – embolus; FD – fertilization duct; SD – sperm duct; ST I – primary spermatheca; ST II – secondary spermatheca; vRTA – ventral retrolateral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: 0.25 mm.	2025-01-23	Haddad, Charles R.		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.			
31A6F7D6081B53F88A57571A26AA459A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1230798	https://doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.66.139299.figure28	Figure 28. Rukuluk gramineus female paratypes, epigynes in ventral (A, B) and dorsal (C, D) views examined under compound microscope A intact uncleared epigyne B cleared epigyne C, D cleared epigyne stained with crystal blue, slightly diluted in D. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.	Figure 28. Rukuluk gramineus female paratypes, epigynes in ventral (A, B) and dorsal (C, D) views examined under compound microscope A intact uncleared epigyne B cleared epigyne C, D cleared epigyne stained with crystal blue, slightly diluted in D. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.	2025-01-23	Haddad, Charles R.		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.			
31A6F7D6081B53F88A57571A26AA459A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1230782	https://doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.66.139299.figure12	Figure 12. Distribution of Foordana distincta sp. nov. (black circles), F. flavipoda sp. nov. (white circles), F. kasouga (black triangles), Foordana sp. Zimbabwe (white triangle), Mushimane tswibilinki sp. nov. (black square), Namaquella arida sp. nov. (white square), N. samanthae sp. nov. (black star), Rukuluk gramineus sp. nov. (white star) and Rukuluk sp. Tembe (white pentagon) in southern Africa.	Figure 12. Distribution of Foordana distincta sp. nov. (black circles), F. flavipoda sp. nov. (white circles), F. kasouga (black triangles), Foordana sp. Zimbabwe (white triangle), Mushimane tswibilinki sp. nov. (black square), Namaquella arida sp. nov. (white square), N. samanthae sp. nov. (black star), Rukuluk gramineus sp. nov. (white star) and Rukuluk sp. Tembe (white pentagon) in southern Africa.	2025-01-23	Haddad, Charles R.		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.			
421BE868546F555C9F720E9966C1A9B8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1230796	https://doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.66.139299.figure26	Figure 26. Scanning electron micrographs of Rukuluk gramineus sp. nov., male (A – D) and female (E). A right palp, retrolateral view B left palp, ventral view C detail of dorsal tibial trichobothrium D palpal patella, enlargement of retrolateral lyriform organ E epigyne, ventral view. Abbreviations: LO – lyriform organ; RB – retrobasal cymbial groove; RD – retrodistal cymbial groove; Tr – trichobothrium.	Figure 26. Scanning electron micrographs of Rukuluk gramineus sp. nov., male (A – D) and female (E). A right palp, retrolateral view B left palp, ventral view C detail of dorsal tibial trichobothrium D palpal patella, enlargement of retrolateral lyriform organ E epigyne, ventral view. Abbreviations: LO – lyriform organ; RB – retrobasal cymbial groove; RD – retrodistal cymbial groove; Tr – trichobothrium.	2025-01-23	Haddad, Charles R.		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.			
421BE868546F555C9F720E9966C1A9B8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1230797	https://doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.66.139299.figure27	Figure 27. Rukuluk gramineus male (A – C) and female (D, E). A schematic representation of cusp arrangement on legs I and II B palp, ventral view C same, retrolateral view D epigyne, ventral view E same, dorsal view F diagrammatic course of the insemination ducts. Abbreviations: AG – accessory glands; AT – atrium; Cd – copulatory duct; CO – copulatory opening; dRTA – dorsal retrolateral tibial apophysis; EM – embolus; FD – fertilization duct; SD – sperm duct; ST I – primary spermatheca; ST II – secondary spermatheca; vRTA – ventral retrolateral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: 0.25 mm.	Figure 27. Rukuluk gramineus male (A – C) and female (D, E). A schematic representation of cusp arrangement on legs I and II B palp, ventral view C same, retrolateral view D epigyne, ventral view E same, dorsal view F diagrammatic course of the insemination ducts. Abbreviations: AG – accessory glands; AT – atrium; Cd – copulatory duct; CO – copulatory opening; dRTA – dorsal retrolateral tibial apophysis; EM – embolus; FD – fertilization duct; SD – sperm duct; ST I – primary spermatheca; ST II – secondary spermatheca; vRTA – ventral retrolateral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: 0.25 mm.	2025-01-23	Haddad, Charles R.		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.			
421BE868546F555C9F720E9966C1A9B8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1230791	https://doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.66.139299.figure21	Figure 21. Digital microscope photographs of somatic morphology of Rukuluk gramineus sp. nov., male (A – E, K – N) and female (F – J, O). A, F habitus, dorsal view B, G same, lateral view C, H same, ventral view D, I leg I, prolateral view E, J metatarsus and tarsus IV K – N left male palp in prolateral (K), ventral (L), retrolateral (M) and dorsal (N) views; O epigyne, ventral view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A – C, F – H); 0.5 mm (D, E, I, J); 0.25 mm (K – O).	Figure 21. Digital microscope photographs of somatic morphology of Rukuluk gramineus sp. nov., male (A – E, K – N) and female (F – J, O). A, F habitus, dorsal view B, G same, lateral view C, H same, ventral view D, I leg I, prolateral view E, J metatarsus and tarsus IV K – N left male palp in prolateral (K), ventral (L), retrolateral (M) and dorsal (N) views; O epigyne, ventral view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A – C, F – H); 0.5 mm (D, E, I, J); 0.25 mm (K – O).	2025-01-23	Haddad, Charles R.		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.			
421BE868546F555C9F720E9966C1A9B8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1230798	https://doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.66.139299.figure28	Figure 28. Rukuluk gramineus female paratypes, epigynes in ventral (A, B) and dorsal (C, D) views examined under compound microscope A intact uncleared epigyne B cleared epigyne C, D cleared epigyne stained with crystal blue, slightly diluted in D. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.	Figure 28. Rukuluk gramineus female paratypes, epigynes in ventral (A, B) and dorsal (C, D) views examined under compound microscope A intact uncleared epigyne B cleared epigyne C, D cleared epigyne stained with crystal blue, slightly diluted in D. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.	2025-01-23	Haddad, Charles R.		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.			
421BE868546F555C9F720E9966C1A9B8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1230792	https://doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.66.139299.figure22	Figure 22. Scanning electron micrographs of Rukuluk gramineus sp. nov., female (A, C, D, F – I) and male (B, E). A carapace, dorsal view B eye region, anterior view C same, dorsal view D chelicerae, anterior view E distal end of chelicerae, ventral view F mouthparts, ventral view G detail of serrula H sternum, arrow indicating slit sensilla I same, enlarged.	Figure 22. Scanning electron micrographs of Rukuluk gramineus sp. nov., female (A, C, D, F – I) and male (B, E). A carapace, dorsal view B eye region, anterior view C same, dorsal view D chelicerae, anterior view E distal end of chelicerae, ventral view F mouthparts, ventral view G detail of serrula H sternum, arrow indicating slit sensilla I same, enlarged.	2025-01-23	Haddad, Charles R.		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.			
421BE868546F555C9F720E9966C1A9B8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1230793	https://doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.66.139299.figure23	Figure 23. Scanning electron micrographs of Rukuluk gramineus sp. nov., female A leg I, prolateral view B patellar indentation and lyriform organ, leg I C same, detail of lyriform organ D tibia I, prolateral view E same, detail of scopulate setae F metatarsus I, prolateral view G same, detail of scopulate setae H same, detail of metatarsal stopper I tarsus I, prolateral view J same, retrodistal view, black arrow indicating position of tarsal organ K same, enlargement of tarsal claws L same, tarsal claws in distal view.	Figure 23. Scanning electron micrographs of Rukuluk gramineus sp. nov., female A leg I, prolateral view B patellar indentation and lyriform organ, leg I C same, detail of lyriform organ D tibia I, prolateral view E same, detail of scopulate setae F metatarsus I, prolateral view G same, detail of scopulate setae H same, detail of metatarsal stopper I tarsus I, prolateral view J same, retrodistal view, black arrow indicating position of tarsal organ K same, enlargement of tarsal claws L same, tarsal claws in distal view.	2025-01-23	Haddad, Charles R.		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.			
421BE868546F555C9F720E9966C1A9B8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1230794	https://doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.66.139299.figure24	Figure 24. Scanning electron micrographs of Rukuluk gramineus sp. nov., male (A – H) and female (I). A tibia I, ventral view B same, prolateral view C metatarsus I, ventral view D same, prolateral view, arrow indicating distal slit sensillium E tarsus I, ventral view F same, prolateral view G tibia II, lateral view, black arrows indicating ovoid sensory pores (H) I metatarsus IV, stopper and distal comb / brush.	Figure 24. Scanning electron micrographs of Rukuluk gramineus sp. nov., male (A – H) and female (I). A tibia I, ventral view B same, prolateral view C metatarsus I, ventral view D same, prolateral view, arrow indicating distal slit sensillium E tarsus I, ventral view F same, prolateral view G tibia II, lateral view, black arrows indicating ovoid sensory pores (H) I metatarsus IV, stopper and distal comb / brush.	2025-01-23	Haddad, Charles R.		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.			
421BE868546F555C9F720E9966C1A9B8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1230795	https://doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.66.139299.figure25	Figure 25. Scanning electron micrographs of Rukuluk gramineus sp. nov., male (A, B, G, H) and female (C – F, I – L). A, B metatarsi I (A) and II (B), ventral cusps, arrows indicating triad of pores at base of cusp on proximal side C distal half of tarsus IV, seemingly lacking a tarsal organ D tarsus I, lateral trichobothrium base E tarsus IV, dorsal trichobothrium F, G tarsus I, tarsal organ H abdominal dorsum I ventral abdominal setae J anterior lateral spinneret K posterior median spinneret L posterior lateral spinneret. Abbreviations: Ac: aciniform gland spigot (s); Cy: cylindrical gland spigot (s); mAmp: minor ampullate gland spigot (s); MAmp: major ampullate gland spigot; Pi: piriform gland spigot (s).	Figure 25. Scanning electron micrographs of Rukuluk gramineus sp. nov., male (A, B, G, H) and female (C – F, I – L). A, B metatarsi I (A) and II (B), ventral cusps, arrows indicating triad of pores at base of cusp on proximal side C distal half of tarsus IV, seemingly lacking a tarsal organ D tarsus I, lateral trichobothrium base E tarsus IV, dorsal trichobothrium F, G tarsus I, tarsal organ H abdominal dorsum I ventral abdominal setae J anterior lateral spinneret K posterior median spinneret L posterior lateral spinneret. Abbreviations: Ac: aciniform gland spigot (s); Cy: cylindrical gland spigot (s); mAmp: minor ampullate gland spigot (s); MAmp: major ampullate gland spigot; Pi: piriform gland spigot (s).	2025-01-23	Haddad, Charles R.		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.			
