taxonID	type	description	language	source
A51D155ABA38CD15B0AB0D30E3379E4D.taxon	distribution	Clematis armandi is widely distributed in China, Myanmar, and Vietnam. In China, it occurs in Chongqing, southwestern and northern Fujian, southern Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, southern Shaanxi, Sichuan, eastern Xizang, Yunnan, and southern Zhejiang (Huang et al. 2024 b). Morphologically, this species is well characterized by being woody vines and by having ternate leaves, leaflets entire, ovate-lanceolate, oblong-ovate to ovate, glabrous on both surfaces, conspicuous scales of axillary buds often present at the base of cymes, pedicels not bracteolate, stamens glabrous, filaments not rugose, anthers narrowly oblong to linear (Chang 1980, Wang & Bartholomew 2001, Huang et al. 2024 b). Moreover, C. armandi is a spring-flowering species, usually in full blossom from March to April. The type specimens of C. armandi and five non-type specimens from the type locality, i. e. Baoxing county in western Sichuan, are shown in Figures 22, 23. It is to be noted that although the presence of large scales at the base of cymes is one of the most important diagnostic characters of C. armandi, this character often does not occur or at least is not conspicuous on some branches, particularly on those of current year (Huang et al. 2024 b; Fig. 22 A – D).	en	Huang, Qiao-Lan, Fei, Wen-Qun, Yuan, Qiong, Yang, Qin-Er (2024): Clematis jialasaensis var. macrantha and C. napoensis (Ranunculaceae), another two new synonyms of C. armandi from China. Phytotaxa 670 (4): 203-236, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.670.4.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.670.4.2
A51D155ABA38CD15B0AB0D30E3379E4D.taxon	diagnosis	All these diagnostic characters of Clematis armandi have been confirmed by our observations of living plants within the six populations we visited in 2024 (Table 1; Figs. 6 – 21). The plants are woody vines; leaves are ternate; leaflets are entire, ovate-lanceolate, oblong-ovate to ovate, glabrous on both surfaces; large scales of axillary buds are present at the base of cymes borne on branches of last years, but often absent on branches of current year; pedicels are not bracteolate; stamens are glabrous, with filaments not rugose, anthers narrowly oblong to linear. The plants are usually in full blossom from March to April.	en	Huang, Qiao-Lan, Fei, Wen-Qun, Yuan, Qiong, Yang, Qin-Er (2024): Clematis jialasaensis var. macrantha and C. napoensis (Ranunculaceae), another two new synonyms of C. armandi from China. Phytotaxa 670 (4): 203-236, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.670.4.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.670.4.2
A51D155ABA3FCD15B0AB099BE20B9AEF.taxon	description	Our observations of living plants within the Shuifu population of Clematis armandi (Figs. 19 – 21) clearly indicate that C. jialasaensis var. macrantha is not essentially different from C. armandi in any characters. The two type specimens of C. jialasaensis var. macrantha each consist of only two short branches, not including the length of an internode of the main stem, and no large scales of axillary buds are visible from the specimens (Fig. 1 A, B), although two scaleleaves are present at a node on the isotype (Fig. 1 B). The plants within the Shuifu population match C. armandi very well in all the characters. Although large scales of axillary buds are often absent in branches of current year, they are usually present at the base of cymes borne on branches of last years (Figs. 19 C, D, 20 D, 21 A – C). It is clear that the incompleteness of the type specimens of C. jialasaensis var. macrantha, which bear no scales at the base of cymes, has misled Wang (2003) to describe the variety as new. In fact, C. armandi is fairly common in Shuifu county in northeastern Yunnan, the type locality of C. jialasaensis var. macrantha. Four specimens of C. armandi from this county are shown in Figure 24. Our observations of living plants within the Leibo population of Clematis armandi (Figs. 14 – 16) further indicate that C. jialasaensis var. macrantha is identical with C. armandi. The collection M. Y. He & Z. M. Tan 117028, which was made from Leibo and cited by Wang (2003) under both C. jialasaensis var. macrantha and C. armandi, includes specimens with or without large scales of axillary buds (Fig. 2). It is obvious that Wang (2003) referred those with large scales of axillary buds to C. armandi but those without large scales of axillary buds to C. jialasaensis var. macrantha. As shown in Figures 14 – 16, the plants within the Leibo population match C. armandi very well in all the characters. Although large scales of axillary buds are often absent on branches of current year, they are usually present at the base of cymes borne on branches of last years (Figs. 14 C, 15 A, 16).	en	Huang, Qiao-Lan, Fei, Wen-Qun, Yuan, Qiong, Yang, Qin-Er (2024): Clematis jialasaensis var. macrantha and C. napoensis (Ranunculaceae), another two new synonyms of C. armandi from China. Phytotaxa 670 (4): 203-236, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.670.4.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.670.4.2
A51D155ABA3FCD15B0AB0CE2E0559468.taxon	description	Our observations of living plants within the Napo population of Clematis armandi (Figs. 6 – 8) clearly indicate that C. napoensis is not essentially different from C. armandi in any characters. Similar to the case with C. jialasaensis var. macrantha, the type specimens consist of also only two short branches, on which no scales of axillary buds are present (Fig. 3). As shown in Figures 6 – 8, the plants within the Napo population match C. armandi very well in all the characters. Although large scales of axillary buds are often absent in branches of current year, they are usually present at the base of cymes borne in branches of last years (Figs. 6 C, D, 8). In fact, C. armandi is not rare in Napo in southwestern Guangxi, the type locality of C. napoensis. Three specimens of C. armandi from this county are shown in Figure 25.	en	Huang, Qiao-Lan, Fei, Wen-Qun, Yuan, Qiong, Yang, Qin-Er (2024): Clematis jialasaensis var. macrantha and C. napoensis (Ranunculaceae), another two new synonyms of C. armandi from China. Phytotaxa 670 (4): 203-236, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.670.4.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.670.4.2
A51D155ABA36CD31B0AB0F33E51E9886.taxon	description	Figs. 1 – 25, 27.	en	Huang, Qiao-Lan, Fei, Wen-Qun, Yuan, Qiong, Yang, Qin-Er (2024): Clematis jialasaensis var. macrantha and C. napoensis (Ranunculaceae), another two new synonyms of C. armandi from China. Phytotaxa 670 (4): 203-236, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.670.4.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.670.4.2
A51D155ABA36CD31B0AB0F33E51E9886.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — CHINA. Sichuan, Moupine (now Baoxing), in septibus, April 1869, A. David s. n. (lectotype P!, isolectotypes P!; see Huang et al. 2024 b )). Fig. 22 A – C.	en	Huang, Qiao-Lan, Fei, Wen-Qun, Yuan, Qiong, Yang, Qin-Er (2024): Clematis jialasaensis var. macrantha and C. napoensis (Ranunculaceae), another two new synonyms of C. armandi from China. Phytotaxa 670 (4): 203-236, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.670.4.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.670.4.2
A51D155ABA36CD31B0AB0F33E51E9886.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — CHINA. Hubei: Sian Men-kvu, 10 December 1906, P. C. Silvestri 627 (syntype FI!), P. C. Silvestri 627 a (syntype FI!), P. C. Silvestri 627 b (syntype FI!); Sian Mien-kvu, 3 August 1906, P. C. Silvestri 628 (syntype FI!).	en	Huang, Qiao-Lan, Fei, Wen-Qun, Yuan, Qiong, Yang, Qin-Er (2024): Clematis jialasaensis var. macrantha and C. napoensis (Ranunculaceae), another two new synonyms of C. armandi from China. Phytotaxa 670 (4): 203-236, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.670.4.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.670.4.2
A51D155ABA36CD31B0AB0F33E51E9886.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — CHINA. Sichuan: Wenchuan, im Tale zwischen Tchapei und Rai Tsong, alt. 900 m, 25 April 1914, D. Limpricht 1305 (holotype, not seen; holotype photo and holotype fragment A!, isotype WU!).	en	Huang, Qiao-Lan, Fei, Wen-Qun, Yuan, Qiong, Yang, Qin-Er (2024): Clematis jialasaensis var. macrantha and C. napoensis (Ranunculaceae), another two new synonyms of C. armandi from China. Phytotaxa 670 (4): 203-236, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.670.4.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.670.4.2
A51D155ABA36CD31B0AB0F33E51E9886.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — CHINA. Shaanxi: Zhenping county, Shangzhu xiang, alt. 1050 m, in valley, 9 April 1989, Y. Q. Zhao 551 (holotype WUK, not seen).	en	Huang, Qiao-Lan, Fei, Wen-Qun, Yuan, Qiong, Yang, Qin-Er (2024): Clematis jialasaensis var. macrantha and C. napoensis (Ranunculaceae), another two new synonyms of C. armandi from China. Phytotaxa 670 (4): 203-236, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.670.4.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.670.4.2
A51D155ABA36CD31B0AB0F33E51E9886.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — CHINA. Guangxi: Napo county, Chengxiang township, Yongjing xiang, in bushes on rocky or earthy mountain, alt. 800 m, 12 April 1998, H. N. Qin et al. 420 (holotype PE!, isotype KUN!). Fig. 3.	en	Huang, Qiao-Lan, Fei, Wen-Qun, Yuan, Qiong, Yang, Qin-Er (2024): Clematis jialasaensis var. macrantha and C. napoensis (Ranunculaceae), another two new synonyms of C. armandi from China. Phytotaxa 670 (4): 203-236, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.670.4.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.670.4.2
A51D155ABA36CD31B0AB0F33E51E9886.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — CHINA. Yunnan: Shuifu county, Tchen-fong Chan (= Chengfeng Shan), 15 April 1907, F. Ducloux 2021 (holotype P!, isotype P!). Fig. 1.	en	Huang, Qiao-Lan, Fei, Wen-Qun, Yuan, Qiong, Yang, Qin-Er (2024): Clematis jialasaensis var. macrantha and C. napoensis (Ranunculaceae), another two new synonyms of C. armandi from China. Phytotaxa 670 (4): 203-236, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.670.4.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.670.4.2
A51D155ABA36CD31B0AB0F33E51E9886.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — CHINA. Shaanxi: Chenggu county, Panlong xiang, Xinglong cun, in bushes in ravine, 2 April 1972, S. M. Su 420 (holotype WUK!, isotype PE!).	en	Huang, Qiao-Lan, Fei, Wen-Qun, Yuan, Qiong, Yang, Qin-Er (2024): Clematis jialasaensis var. macrantha and C. napoensis (Ranunculaceae), another two new synonyms of C. armandi from China. Phytotaxa 670 (4): 203-236, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.670.4.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.670.4.2
A51D155ABA36CD31B0AB0F33E51E9886.taxon	description	Description: — Vine woody. Stems to 6 m long; branches shallowly longitudinally 10 – 16 - grooved, sparsely puberulous, glabrescent; scales of axillary buds ovate, triangular, or oblong, 0.8 – 2 cm long, puberulous, abaxially longitudinal veins prominent. Leaves ternate; petiole 3.6 – 11 cm long, basally sparsely puberulous or glabrous; leaflet blades narrowly ovate, lanceolate, or ovate, 5 – 16 cm long, 1.5 – 7 cm broad, leathery, both surfaces glabrous, base rounded, subcordate, or broadly cuneate, margin entire, apex acuminate to attenuate, very occasionally retuse; basal veins abaxially prominent. Cymes 1 - to many-flowered, from axillary buds of old branches, rarely from leaf axils of current year’s branches; peduncle 0.4 – 8 cm long, puberulous or glabrous; bracts narrowly oblong to linear, 0.7 – 2 cm long, undivided or sometimes 3 - lobed. Flowers 2 – 8 cm in diameter. Pedicel 1.8 – 7 cm long, sparsely puberulous or glabrous, not bracteolate. Sepals 4 (– 6), white or pinkish, spreading, narrowly oblong, obovate-oblong, or oblong, 1.2 – 4.7 cm long, 0.2 – 2 cm broad, abaxially sparsely puberulous or glabrous, adaxially glabrous, margin abaxially velutinous to puberulous, apex obtuse to rounded. Stamens 6 – 11 mm long, glabrous; anthers narrowly oblong to linear, 3 – 4.5 mm long, apex minutely apiculate or obtuse. Ovaries pubescent. Style 6 – 8 mm long, densely villous. Achenes narrowly ovate to elliptic-ovate, 4 – 5 mm long, 2 – 2.6 mm broad, sparsely pubescent; persistent style 1.6 – 4.8 cm long, white plumose.	en	Huang, Qiao-Lan, Fei, Wen-Qun, Yuan, Qiong, Yang, Qin-Er (2024): Clematis jialasaensis var. macrantha and C. napoensis (Ranunculaceae), another two new synonyms of C. armandi from China. Phytotaxa 670 (4): 203-236, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.670.4.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.670.4.2
A51D155ABA36CD31B0AB0F33E51E9886.taxon	biology_ecology	Phenology: — Flowering from March to April; fruiting from April to July.	en	Huang, Qiao-Lan, Fei, Wen-Qun, Yuan, Qiong, Yang, Qin-Er (2024): Clematis jialasaensis var. macrantha and C. napoensis (Ranunculaceae), another two new synonyms of C. armandi from China. Phytotaxa 670 (4): 203-236, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.670.4.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.670.4.2
A51D155ABA36CD31B0AB0F33E51E9886.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat: — Clematis armandi is distributed in China, Myanmar, and Vietnam. In China, it occurs in Chongqing, southwestern and northern Fujian, southern Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, southern Shaanxi, Sichuan, eastern Xizang, Yunnan, and southern Zhejiang (Fig. 26), growing in scrub, sparse forests, or by streams at elevations of 100 − 2500 m above sea level.	en	Huang, Qiao-Lan, Fei, Wen-Qun, Yuan, Qiong, Yang, Qin-Er (2024): Clematis jialasaensis var. macrantha and C. napoensis (Ranunculaceae), another two new synonyms of C. armandi from China. Phytotaxa 670 (4): 203-236, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.670.4.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.670.4.2
A51D155ABA36CD31B0AB0F33E51E9886.taxon	materials_examined	Additional specimens examined: — CHINA. Chongqing: Beibei, B. M. Huang 0359 (SM); Chengkou, W. P. Fang 10072 (LBG, NAS), P. G. Farges 3 bis (P), s. n. (NYBG, P), T. L. Tai 100035 (PE), 100244 (PE); Fengdu, Z. D. Chen et al. 960240 (PE), 960297 (PE); Fengjie, C. Y. Chang 25083 (NAS, PE), H. F. Chow 26101 (PE), 107973 (IBSC, PE, WUK), H. F. Chow & H. Y. Su 107558 (IBSC, PE, WUK), 107889 (IBSC, PE, WUK), 108110 (PE, WUK), M. Y. Fang 24030 (PE), 24521 (IBSC, PE); Jiangjin, Jiangjin Exped. 500116544 (IMC), Jiangjin Group 167 (SM), Jiangjin Wild Plant Exped. 0414 (CDBI), Z. Y. Liu et al. S- 1347 (IMC), S- 1729 (IMC); Nanchuan, Anonymous 42 (SM), 95 (NAS), 328 (SM), 60101 (IBSC, NAS, PE), 60125 (PE), 84022 (PE), S. C. Chen & K. Y. Lang 02058 (PE), 02272 (PE), K. L. Chu 841 (NAS, PE), Y. Y. Ho 4029 (NAS), 4393 (NAS), C. H. Hsiung & T. L. Chow 90027 (IBSC, PE), 90414 (IBSC, PE), 90724 (IBSC, PE), Jinfoshan Exped. 0262 (PE), K. F. Li 60006 (IBSC, NAS, PE), 60038 (IBSC, NAS, PE), 60141 (IBSC, PE), 60157 (IBSC, NAS, PE), 60170 (IBSC, NAS, PE), 60197 (IBSC, NAS, PE), 60497 (PE), 60580 (NAS, PE), 60871 (IBSC, NAS, PE), 61162 (IBSC, NAS), 601413 (NAS), S. Q. Liu 95546 (IMC, SM), 590662 (IMC), Z. Y. Liu 0018 (IMC), 4774 (IMC), 4916 (IMC), 4917 (IMC), 4918 (IMC), 8262 (IMC), 9508 (IMC), 12889 (IMC), 15285 (IMC), 15295 (E, IMC, P, PE), 15361 (E, IMC, NYBG, P, PE), 15377 (E, IMC, NYBG, P), 15399 (IMC), 790825 (IMC), 973415 (IMC), 973445 (IMC), 980841 (IMC), 2080053 (IMC), 2080057 (IMC), Sichuan Exped. 0107 (PEY, SM), Specimen Group 79322 (IMC), S. X. Tan 123 (PE), 3987 (IMC), S. X. Tan et al. 3090 (IMC), T. H. Tu 2758 (IBK, IBSC), F. T. Wang 10237 (PE), 10949 (PE), WCAS Exped. 2758 (NAS, PE), Q. E. Yang 95013 (PE), X. B. Zhang 95 (IBSC); Pengshui, Z. Y. Liu 260 (IMC, SM), Pengshui Exped. 500243 - 002 - 261 (IMC); Qijiang, Anonymous 9 (SM), Qijiang Exped. 500222 - 493 (IMC); Qianjiang, Anonymous 157 (SM), Z. Y. Liu 61 (IMC, SM), 157 (IMC), Qianjiang Exped. 500114 - 519 (IMC); Shizhu, Anonymous 158 (SM), Z. Y. Liu 0108 (IMC, SM), 6158 (IMC), W. H. Wang 3474 (CDBI); Wanzhou, IBCAS Three Gorg. Exped. 0674 (PE), 0788 (PE); Wulong, Z. Y. Liu 1148 (IMC), 182268 (IMC, PE), 972534 (IMC), Wulong Exped. 500232003464 (IMC), S. Z. Zhu 1148 (IMC); Wushan, L. Q. Chen chunhua- 164 (CCAU), IBCAS Three Gorg. Exped. 1358 (PE), T. P. Wang 10344 (PE), 10605 (PE, WUK), K. H. Yang 57581 (IBK, IBSC, PE), 57674 (IBSC, PE); Wuxi, L. Q. Chen chuanhua- 419 (CCAU), Z. D. Chen et al. 960505 (PE); Xiushan, Z. Y. Liu 0026 (IMC, SM); Youyang, Anonymous 1528 (SM), 02274 (PE); Yunyang, IBCAS Three Gorg. Exped. 0924 (PE); Zhongxian, Zhongxian Exped. 50233 (IMC); Precise locality unknown, K. L. Chu 841 (LBG, NAS, PE), K. J. Li 1156 (SM). Fujian: Changting, Anonymous 811 (PE), s. n. (PE); Liancheng, Y. Ling 3226 (PE); Longyan, H. B. Chen 01916 (FJSI); Nanping, G. S. He 1428 (FJSI, IBK, PE), 1465 (FJSI, IBK, PE), 10524 (PE); Pingnan, H. X. Su CSH 15146 (CSH); Yong’an, J. X. Chen s. n. (PE), Y. Ling 2956 (PE); Precise locality unknown, H. H. Chung 20365 (N). Gansu: Wenxian, Baishuijiang Exped. 1327 (PE), 3326 (PE), D. E. Boufford et al. 37480 (PE), 37562 (PE), 37586 (PE), C. Y. Chang 14783 (PE, WUK), Y. C. Ho 1395 (PE), T. P. Wang 18857 (HNWP), 18875 (WUK), 20437 (WUK). Guangdong: Guangzhou, C. Wang 44589 (IBSC); Lechang, H. S. Lo 527 (IBSC), Nanling Exped. 3871 (IBSC), C. L. Tso 20643 (IBK, IBSC, NYBG), W. C. Ye 287 (IBSC); Longchuan, C. L. Tso 21589 (IBSC, NYBG); Qujiang, S. P. Ko 50154 (IBK, IBSC); Ruyuan, Anonymous yue 71 132 (IBSC), yue 73 00174 (HGAS, IBSC), S. P. Ko 52575 (IBK, IBSC, JXU, NYBG, PE), 53986 (IBK, IBSC, NAS, PE), 80006 (IBSC, NAS, PE), 80036 (IBSC), 80118 (IBSC, NAS), 80237 (IBSC), H. S. Lo 466 (IBSC), 1783 (IBSC), H. Y. Mai 179 (IBSC); Shunde, X. Z. Wang 156 (IBK); Xinfeng, Y. W. Taam 477 (WU); Yangchun, J. H. Liu & J. Xiao 89820 (IBSC), Zhanjiang Plant Exped. 03314 (IBSC); Yangshan, H. S. Lo 701 (IBSC); Yingde, Y. F. Chun 30383 (IBSC), S. C. Lee 200485 (IBSC), H. Y. Liang 60905 (IBSC), L. Teng 953 (IBSC), Y. Tsiang 567 (IBK, IBSC, NAS), W. J. Tutcher 10675 (IBSC); Yunfu, C. Wang 40819 (IBK), C. T. Wang 438 (IBK, IBSC), 538 (IBSC), Y. K. Wang 1804 (IBK, IBSC); Precise locality unknown, Anonymous 3314 (IBSC, SYS), s. n. (IBSC), W 322 (NAS), T. S. Liu 168 (IBSC), K. P. To 6 (SYS). Guangxi: Baise, Youjiang Exped. 451002130316034 LY (GXMG); Bobai, UCAS Hepu Plant Exped. 02041 (PE); Changshun, A. C. Shi & A. G. Liu 235 (GZTM); Chongzuo, X. X. Chen et al. 02678 (GXMI), D. X. Nong et al. 451402150329008 LY (GXMG); Fangcheng, S. J. Wei & Z. H. Dai 450603130116510 LY (GXMG); Fengshan, H. Z. Lv et al. 451223130329090 LY (GXMG); Fusui, W. T. Tsang 21844 (IBK, IBSC, WUK, SYS); Guilin, Anonymous 2 (IBK), 4767 (IBK), 4799 (IBK), L. H. Chun 900128 (IBK, IBSC), Huang et al. 130219 (IBSC), D. Z. Huang 790014 (IBK), G. B. Huang et al. HGIB 70154 (IBK), C. F. Liang 30335 (IBSC), 33355 (IBK), Lingui Exped. 450322170407012 LY (GXMG), Y. Ling 60112 (IBK), C. N. Tang 13404 (IBSC), 13463 (IBK, IBSC), S. F. Teng 7 (IBSC), 128 (IBSC), F. N. Wei 1520 (IBK), H. G. Ye 538 (IBSC); Hezhou, Q. B. Wu 451102130426038 LY (GXMG), S. Q. Zhong A 62731 (PE); Huanjiang, Y. S. Huang et al. Y 1274 (IBK), W. B. Xu et al. ML 1061 (IBK); Jingxi, C. C. Chang 14152 (IBK, IBSC), 15182 (IBK), C. T. Li 602633 (IBK, IBSC); Leye, Hongshuihe Exped. 996 (PE), B. Y. Huang et al. 451028130423127 LY (GXMG), H. N. Qin et al. 606027 (PE); Lingchuan, Lingchuan Exped. 450323130312011 LY (GXMG); Lingyun, Guangxi Museum Exped. 10110 (IBSC), F. S. Huang 2139 (PE), C. F. Liang 32823 (IBK), Lingyun Exped. 451027140313021 (GXMG), A. N. Steward & H. C. Cheo 153 (N, NYBG, P), 525 (N); Liuzhou, Z. S. Chung 82482 (IBK), Q. L. Huang & K. Y. Qiu 085 (IBSC); Long’an, N. F. Li & Y. F. Huang 19592 (GXMG), Long’an Exped. 450123130114009 LY (GXMG), 450123130116007 LY (GXMG), 450123130117009 LY (GXMG), 450123130122004 LY (GXMG), 450123130307020 LY (GXMG), 450123130307022 LY (GXMG), 450123130308002 LY (GXMG), H. Z. Lv 16489 (GXMG), Z. Z. Peng 12942 (GXMG), Y. G. Wei tie 3 (PE), J. C. Yang & R. C. Peng LH 1998 (IBK), LH 2030 (IBK), LH 2120 (IBK), LH 2131 (IBK), LH 2247 (IBK), LH 2248 (IBK); Longlin, B. Y. Huang et al. 451031140411020 LY (GXMG), J. Y. Liang & M. F. Qin 01963 (IBK), 02575 (IBK), H. Z. Lv et al. 451031150311009 LY (GXMG), 451031130422034 LY (GXMG), D. X. Nong et al. 451031140412022 LY (GXMG), M. F. Qin 02348 (IBK), H. Q. Wen 00432 (IBK), 00467 (IBK), S. X. Yu 3635 (PE); Longzhou, X. C. Huang 7547 (GXMG), Y. F. Huang et al. 17458 (GXMG), Y. F. Huang & X. M. Luo 17566 (GXMG), Nonggang Exped. 10909 (IBK), 10912 (IBK), 10946 (IBK), 11991 (IBK), 12008 (IBK); Luzhai, Y. M. Wang 111 (PE); Luocheng, Luocheng Exped. 451225130307015 LY (GXMG, IBK), 451225130427021 LY (GXMG, IBK); Napo, D. Fang & D. Y. Liu 22132 (GXMI), D. Fang et al. 25137 (GXMI), Q. L. Huang & W. Q. Fei 174 (IBSC); Quanzhou, Quanzhou Exped. 450324130319008 LY (GXMG), 450324130326019 LY (GXMG), S. Q. Zhong A 60257 (IBK); Shangsi, Farmer 10352 (IBK); Tian’e, Beijing Exped. 897048 (PE); Tianlin, Tianlin Exped. 451029130420030 (GXMG, GXMI), 451029130603060 (GXMG, GXMI), 451029140417001 (GXMG, GXMI); Xilin, Y. M. Zhao et al. 451030130324005 LY (GXMG), 451030130326041 LY (GXMG), 451030130425034 LY (GXMG); Xing’an, Xing’an Exped. 450325130511176 LY (GXMG); Yangshuo, Shan 728 (NAS); Yongfu, Yongfu Exped. 450326130305033 LY (GXMG), 450326130325065 LY (GXMG), 450326130614032 LY (GXMG), 450326140414002 LY (GXMG), 450326140414078 LY (GXMG); Precise locality unknown, Anonymous M 287 (PE), s. n. (IBK), H. C. Chow & D. W. Shi 525 (N), Guangxi Exped. 509 (PE), X. H. Lu 12313 (GXMG). Guizhou: Anlong, T. S. Chang & Y. T. Chang 2367 (HGAS, IBSC, PE), 2987 (HGAS, IBSC, PE), 3462 (HGAS, IBSC, PE), 3563 (HGAS, IBK, IBSC, NAS, PE, WUK), 3969 (HGAS, IBK, NAS, PE, WUK), 5291 (HGAS, IBSC, NAS, PE), C. Y. Deng 522328150524877 LY (GZTM), 522328160309989 LY (GZTM); Anshun, E. Bodinier & L. Martin 2132 (P), X. Q. Hou 520402170328153 LY (GZTM); Chishui, K. M. Lan 90 - 700 (GZAC), Zhang & Yu 1174 (GFS); Daozhen, Anonymous 2030378 (IMC), 2030698 (IMC); Dejiang, M. T. An 3017 (PE), 3153 (PE), Y. F. Li 522227160528004 LY (GZTM); Guiding, J. Cavalerie & J. J. Fortunat 1758 (E, P), 2344 (P); Guiyang, J. Cavalerie 2797 (E, P), M. Z. Yang 810083 (HGAS); Jiangkou, T. S. Chang et al. 400031 (HGAS, IBSC, PE), 400134 (HGAS, IBSC, PE), 400399 (HGAS, IBSC, PE), 400872 (HGAS, IBSC, PE); Libo, Q. H. Chen 2144 (HGAS), K. M. Lan 84 - 1169 (GFS), 840267 (GZAC), 840361 (GFS), Tree Group 81 - 6 - 0016 (GZAC), X. M. Wang 158 (HGAS), 176 (HGAS), 0247 (HGAS), Z. R. Xu L 1002 (IBSC), L. Yang 84 - 2765 (GNUG), 84 - 76778 (GNUG); Luodian, J. Cavalerie 3579 (E, P), Luodian Exped. 522728160218004 LY (GZTM), S Qiannan Exped. 457 (HGAS); Meitan, H. M. Mo 287 (IBSC); Pingba, E. Bodinier 2732 (E); Pingtang, Guizhou Exped. 302 (HGAS); Puding, S. W. Teng 0367 (IBSC); Renhuai, Huanghe Exped. MT 373 (ZY), R. B. Zhang ZRB 016 (ZY); Shiqian, Y. Tsiang 4106 (IBSC, NAS), X. Zhang 522224160128001 LY (GZTM), 522224160224003 LY (GZTM), 522224160326001 LY (GZTM); Shuicheng, T. X. Bai 94 - 003 (GNUG), Shuicheng Exped. 498 (HGAS); Sinan, S. H. Chun 2292 (IBK, IBSC); Tongren, N Guizhou Exped. 0879 (HGAS, PE), H. J. Xiong 520203140116001 LY (GZTM); Tongzi, Y. Tsiang 5045 (NAS); Wangmo, Guizhou Exped. 1835 (HGAS, IBK, IBSC, PE), Q. L. Huang & W. Q. Fei 167 (IBSC); Xishui, S. S. Fu XS 14054034 (ZY), R. Ma SCH 1502222 (ZY), Y. F. Wang SCH 1202238 (ZY), Y. Xie SCH 1204080 (ZY), F. G. Zhao 520330160729005 LY (GZTM); Xingyi, C. Y. Deng 522301160215104 LY (GZTM); Yanhe, M. T. An 5549 (PE); Yinjiang, S. S. Chang 0008 (GFS), T. S. Chang et al. 401035 (HGAS, PE), 401226 (HGAS, IBSC, PE), 401768 (HGAS, IBSC, PE), 402527 (IBSC, PE), N Guizhou Exped. 0879 (HGAS, PE), Y. Tsiang 7951 (NAS, P); Yuping, B. Feng 522223140323011 LY (GZTM); Zhenfeng, J. Cavalerie 350 (PE), S. X. Tan 265 (PE); Zheng’an, H. Liu 520324150325015 LY (GZTM); Zunyi, N Guizhou Exped. 0208 (PE), P. C. Tsoong 359 (GFS, IBSC, PE), P. F. Zhang 522121150312308 LY (GZTM); Precise locality unknown, Anonymous 87 (PE), J. Cavalerie 4254 (P), 4261 (P). Hubei: Badong, H. C. Chow 208 (E, NYBG, PE), Q. L. Huang & K. Y. Qiu 038 (IBSC); Lichuan, C. T. Kwa 0295 (PE); Shennongjia, Hubei Shennongjia Exped. 22968 (PE), 30014 (PE), H. M. Li 1099 - 1 (IBSC), X. X. Liu IV 3070016 (CCAU), Z. J. Wu 2320 (PE), S. X. Yang 0322 (IBK, IBSC), D. G. Zhang et al. zdg 4426 (JIU); Xingshan, H. C. Li 971 (PE); Xuan’en, W. Zhang et al. ANUB 00785 (ANUB); Yichang, P. X. Dong 38 (PE), A. Henry 1388 (P), 3720 (P), 3817 (E), 5223 (P, US), Z. Zheng 65 (PE), 74 (PE); Zhuxi, A. Henry 3377 A (NYBG, US), P. Y. Li 2824 (NAS, WUK); Precise locality unknown, A. Henry 5069 (US), P. C. Silvestri 3913 (US), E. H. Wilson 2 (E, P), 3116 (P). Hunan: Baojing, X. J. Su & H. B. Liu 433125 D 00020814013 (JIU); Dong’an, J. K. Liu 368 (PE), 456 (PE); Fenghuang, Q. E. Yang et al. 649 (IBSC); Guzhang, L. Su 4331261404200265 (JIU); Huayuan, X. T. Li & H. J. Peng 080416004; Jishou, D. G. Zhang 130414014 (JIU); Lengshujiang, Q. E. Yang 2010 - 02 (IBSC); Longshan, L. H. Liou 1774 (IBSC, NAS, PE), D. K. Tian et al. LS- 972 (CSH), LS- 1220 (CSH), Y. Xiao & N. F. Fu LS- 2809 (CSH); Luxi, D. G. Zhang 4331221505010047 LY (JIU); Qidong, J. D. Li 562 (PE); Qianyang, C. T. Lee 1846 (IBSC, PE); Rucheng, X. L. Yu 12051801 (CSFI); Sangzhi, Anonymous 233 (PE); Shimen, Hupingshan Exped. 0174 (PE); Suining, J. J. Zhou & D. Zhou 1403136 (CSFI); Wugang, S. S. Sin S. H. 1014 (NAS); Xiangxi, B. M. Yang 38 (IBSC); Xinning, Z. C. Luo 1751 (PE), 1795 (PE), yi 10 (PE); Xinshao, B. Y. Li 6431 (PE); Yizhang, S. H. Chun 156 (IBSC), 1036 (IBK, IBSC), W. T. Tsang 23386 (IBSC, SYS, US), 23641 (IBSC, SYS, US), 23693 (IBSC, US), P. C. Tsoong 619 (PE), 682 (PE); Yongshun, Anonymous 3646 (PE), Beijing Exped. 001613 (PE), K. D. Lei 4331271405080323 (JIU), D. G. Zhang 070506012 (JIU), zdg 009 (JIU), zdg 4331270885 (JIU); Yuanling, F. J. Zhou 008 (PE); Zhangjiajie, H. Zhou & D. S. Zhou 15041201 (CSFI). Jiangxi: Chongyi, Anonymous 16085 (JXU); Guangchang, C. M. Hu 5318 (LBG); Jinggangshan, Jinggangshan Exped. 660069 (LBG, PE); Nanfeng, J. X. Yang et al. 650258 (IBSC, PE, WUK); Xunwu, X. F. Zeng ZXF 13288 (CZH). Shaanxi: Chenggu, T. N. Liou 11450 (PE), 11562 (PE), H. S. Wu 001 (IBSC); Hanzhong, P. Y. Li 1040 (NAS, WUK), Y. L. Qiao 01645 (WUK); Langao, Y. L. Qiao 1559 (WUK); Nanzheng, C. Y. Chang 18277 (IBSC, WUK), X. X. Hou 279 (IBSC, WUK); Pingli, Y. S. Chen et al. 2983 (WUK), Depart. Biol. NW Univ. 0163 (WUK), P. Y. Li 1702 (HNWP, NAS, WUK), 2072 (WUK), 2482 (NAS, WUK), K. M. Liou 3469 (NAS, PE, WUK), 8470 (PE), J. J. Liu & J. X. Duan 277 (PE), B. C. Ni 00141 (CDBI), Y. L. Qiao 01134 (PE), J. C. Xing 21649 (XBGH); Shanyang, J. X. Yang & Y. M. Liang 2721 (PE, WUK); Xunyang, Depart. Biol. NW Univ. 505 (WUK); Zhenping, Y. S. Chen et al. 2835 (WUK), Depart. Biol. NW Univ. 586 (WUK), G. Y. Xu 4747 (WUK), 4748 (WUK), 4806 (WUK); Ziyang, P. C. Kuo 2165 (PE). Sichuan: Anxian, D. H. Zhu 3672 (HX, PE); Bazhong, Anonymous 1036 (SM); Barkam, H. Li s. n. (PE); Baoxing, S. S. Chang & Y. X. Ren 04781 (PE), K. C. Kuan et al. 2796 (PE), D. Y. Peng 46267 (CDBI), 47257 (CDBI), Sichuan Agr. Coll. 4781 (CDBI), Sichuan Econ. Plant Exped. 00061 (CDBI), 00083 (CDBI, PE); Beichuan, Sichuan Econ. Mianyang Exped. 0510 (SM), 1447 (CDBI); Dazhu, Anonymous zhu- 0054 (SM), Sichuan Econ. Liangshan Exped. 0414 (CDBI, SM); Dujiangyan, S. S. Chien 5657 (NAS), 5734 (E), C. S. Fan & Class 2 (N), W. P. Fang 12174 (IBSC), 19332 (PE), D. Z. Fu 87 - 0143 (HX), Y. Y. Geng et al. 981413 (HX), S. G. Tang s. n. (SM), F. T. Wang 20500 (LBG, PE), 20695 (IBSC, LBG, NAS, PE, WUK), H. Yu 419 (PE), Z. L. Zhao 87 - 0092 (HX), 87 - 0699 (HX, PE), D. H. Zhu 190 (HX), 268 (HX), 20070011 (PE), 20070044 (HX); Emei, Anonymous 1681 (JXU), 2235 (PE), 2414 (PE), 3014 (SM), 3145 (SM), S. S. Chien 5452 (E, NAS), H. C. Chow 7520 (NAS), 9948 (NAS), 11499 (NAS), T. Y. Chow & G. J. Xu 49 (NAS), Emei Group 137 (SM), 1540 (SM), W. P. Fang 15827 (IBSC, JXU, PE), 15905 (IBSC), 16048 (JXU), 16049 (IBSC), 16067 (IBSC), 16085 (IBSC, JXU), 16181 (IBSC), 16191 (IBSC), 16504 (IBSC), 17892 (PE), S. Z. Guo 410 (CDBI, PE, SM), L. Z. Hu & P. Q. Duan 57 - 82 (HIMC), 57 - 494 (HIMC), K. C. Kuan et al. 107 (E), 672 (CDBI, PE), 1863 (E, PE), C. H. Li S-W- 097 - 323 (PE), X. J. Li LiXJ 062 (KUN), X. B. Peng 6144 (PE), 236 Sichuan Group 0431 (PE), Sichuan Exped. 672 (PEY), Sichuan Trad. Med. Res. Exped. 12135 (NAS), Sichuan Univ. Biol. Coll. Exped. 2091 (CAF), 53863 (WUK), Sino-USSR Exped. 2442 (PE), S. L. Sun 1407 (IBK, NAS), 1633 (NAS), 2091 (US), H. L. Tsiang & S. S. Chang 30046 (IBK), H. L. Tsiang & X. B. Zhang 30967 (IBSC), WCAS Exped. 6144 (NAS, PE), K. H. Yang 54127 (IBSC, PE, WUK), 54247 (IBSC, NAS, PE), 54661 (IBSC, NAS, PE, SYS, WUK), 54711 (IBSC, NAS, PE, WUK), 54989 (IBSC, PE, WUK), T. T. Yu 328 (IBSC, PE), G. Zhang 1868 (NAS), X. B. Zhang et al. 30121 (LBG), 30757 (LBG), 30967 (LBG); Gulin, PE Gulin Exped. 0089 (PE), GL 057 (PE), Sichuan Econ. Plant Liangshan Exped. 00109 (SM); Guang’an, Anonymous 72 N- 33 (SM), S. Y. Chen 2022 (SM), Y. C. Yang 4196 (NAS); Guangyuan, Guangyuan Exped. 14 (SM), Sichuan Econ. Plant Exped. 4108 (CDBI); Hongya, Hongya Group 811 (SM); Huidong, Huidong Exped. 0028 (SM); Jiajiang, Sichuan Econ. Plant Exped. 8707 (PE); Jiange, T. N. Liou & C. Wang 345 (WUK); Jiangyou, J. F. Rock 12009 (E, P); Jinyang, Anonymous 113 (SM), Sichuan Econ. Plant Exped. 3402 (PE); Junlian, Anonymous 354 (SM), Sichuan Econ. Plant Exped. 0066 (CDBI, PE, SM); Kaijiang, Kaijiang Exped. 025 (SM); Leshan, Anonymous 1509 (NAS), H. C. Chow 11296 (NAS), 12830 (NAS), 12876 (NAS), L. Y. Tai 729 (NAS), 1495 (NAS), 1705 (NAS); Leibo, M. Y. He & C. M. Tan 117028 (CDBI, PE), Q. L. Huang & W. Q. Fei 153 (IBSC), Leibo Exped. 152 (SM), Sichuan Econ. Plant Liangshan Exped. 153 (PE, SM), Q. S. Zhao et al. 117219 (CDBI, PE); Linshui, Anonymous lin- 7 (SM); Luding, Sichuan Veg. Exped. 25010 (CDBI); Luzhou, Z. C. Zhong 0104 (CDBI); Mabian, W. P. Fang 1616 (NAS); Maoxian, X. F. Gao & Y. L. Peng 2151 (CDBI), 2179 (CDBI), S. Jiang & T. L. Jin 00640 (PE); Muchuan, Q. S. Zhao & C. M. Tan 116115 (CDBI); Nanchong, Anonymous 00082 (PE), 00083 (PE); Pengzhou, Z. B. Feng et al. 20070542 (HX); Pingshan, Sichuan Econ. Plant Exped. 0764 (CDBI, PE), K. P. Yin & Q. H. Chen 0006 (CDBI); Pingwu, Anonymous 10135 (PE), 13095 (SM), D. Z. Fu et al. 1401 (PE), H. M. Yang et al. 1436 (PE), 1590 (PE), S. R. Zhang et al. 0394 (PE); Qingchuan, Qingchuan Exped. 3065 (SM), 3066 (SM); Shifang, Anonymous 0018 (SM), 0019 (SM); Songpan, Anonymous 1726 (PE); Tianquan, K. L. Chu 2262 (IBSC, NAS, PE, WUK), Z. G. Liu & Y. B. Yang 21854 (CDBI, IBSC, WUK), D. Y. Peng 47087 (CDBI), Sichuan Agr. Coll. 00406 (PE), Sichuan Econ. Plant Exped. 00402 (CDBI, PE, SM), Tianquan Exped. 78 - 148 (SM), H. L. Tsiang 10135 (PE), 33837 (IBSC, PE), H. L. Tsiang & C. H. Hsiung 34119 (IBK, IBSC, PE), M. Z. Wen & S. Z. Xiao xiang 4 (CDBI); Tongjiang, Bashan Exped. 6157 (PE); Wenchuan, Sichuan Econ. Plant Exped. 2142 (PE); Xichang, Y. J. Li 631 (CDBI), Sichuan Econ. Plant Xichang Exped. 0023 (CDBI, IBSC, SM), Z. L. Wang et al. 408 (CDBI), Z. Y. Zhao 788 (SM); Xingwen, Anonymous 77 - 83 (SM), Sichuan Econ. Plant Yibin Exped. 0390 (CDBI, PE, SM); Xuyong, X. F. Gao et al. HGX 10281 (CDBI), HGX 10967 (CDBI), HGX 11272 (CDBI), HGX 11490 (CDBI), HGX 11964 (CDBI), X. F. Gao & L. Zhang HGX 14642 (CDBI), W. B. Ju HGX 14183 (CDBI), S. G. Tang et al. 20 (SM), L. Zhang et al. HGX 14265 (CDBI), HGX 14716 (CDBI); Xuanhan, Anonymous 0197 (SM); Yibin, Q. L. Huang & W. Q. Fei 152 (IBSC), Yibin Group 351 (SM); Zhaojue, Zhaojue Exped. 0148 (SM); Ziyang, Anonymous 101 (SM); Precise locality unknown, Anonymous 099 (PE), 339 (SM), S. F. Chang 1163 (NAS), Sichuan Econ. Plant Exped. 00406 (PE), 2048 (CDBI), S. C. Wang 450 (NAS), 499 (NAS), Y. C. Yang 4039 (NAS). Xizang: Nyingchi, Xizang Trad. Chin. Med. Exped. 3439 (PE), W. L. Zheng 1589 (PE); Zayu, Z. C. Ni et al. 0411 (XZ). Yunnan: Anning, C. H. Hu 78293 (NAS); Chengjiang, Y. Tsiang 16032 (IBSC), H. Wang 41422 (IBSC); Daguan, E. E. Maire s. n. (P); Dali, T. N. Liou 018102 (PE), H. C. Wang 3572 (IBSC, PE); Dayao, T. Siméon s. n. (P); Dongchuan, F. Ducloux 4370 (P); Eshan, J. Cai et al. 14 CS 9014 (KUN); Fugong, Gaoligong Shan Biod. Surv. 19168 (E), 19245 (E), 19420 (E), 21008 (E); Fumin, P. Y. Chiu 59112 (IBK); Funing, Funing Exped. 5326281601200622 LY (IMDY), C. W. Wang 88460 (IBSC, WUK), 89140 (IBK); Guangnan, Q. L. Huang & W. Q. Fei 175 (IBSC), Y. M. Shui 001440 (PE), Y. M. Zhao et al. 554 (GXMG); Huaning, Y. Tsiang & H. Wang 16032 (IBSC); Jinghong, S. R. Guo s. n. (IMDY), S. S. Zhou 2188 (PE); Kaiyuan, Y. Tsiang 13166 (NAS); Kunming, Anonymous 01521 (PEY), P. Y. Chiu 51598 (IBSC, PE), 54169 (IBSC, PE), K. M. Feng 10402 (LBG, PE), H. Handel-Mazzetti 337 (E), F. C. How 74304 (AU, IBSC, NAS, PE), P. C. Kuo 11024 (HNWP), T. N. Liou 14924 (IBSC), 14943 (PE), 14952 (IBSC, PE), 15024 (IBSC, PE), 15629 (PE), 15664 (IBSC, PE), 15696 (IBSC, PE), 15776 (IBSC, PE), 17131 (IBSC, PE), 19635 (IBSC, PE), 20379 (IBSC, PE), W. C. Yin 51919 (IBSC, PE); Lanping, E. D. Liu 1538 (KUN); Lijiang, J. F. Rock 8048 (US); Longling, H. T. Tsai 55831 (IBSC, LBG, PE), 56471 (IBSC, LBG, NAS, PE); Lufeng, Anonymous 9 (N); Lushui, W. S. Liou 117 (IBK); Luxi, H. T. Tsai 56987 (PE); Maguan, Maguan Exped. 5326250024 (IMDY), H. T. Tsai 51946 (IBSC, NAS, PE, WUK); Malipo, Y. B. Luo et al. 508 (PE), C. W. Wang 83828 (PE), 86126 (PE), 86780 (PE), 86828 (IBSC, WUK); Mengla, Y. H. Li 430 (HITBC); Mengzi, A. Henry 9349 (E, NYBG, US), M. Tanant s. n. (P); Mile, F. Ducloux 5671 (P); Puer, G. D. Tao 41449 (HITBC), 41459 (HITBC), 41674 (HITBC), 41724 (HITBC), 44223 (HITBC); Qiaojia, F. Ducloux 6176 (P); Shizong, Shizong Exped. 385 (IBK, IBSC); Shuangbai, IBCAS Kunming Station. 545 (LBG, IBSC, PE, WUK), W. C. Yin 388 (IBSC, LBG, PE, WUK), 636 (IBSC, LBG, PE, WUK); Shuangjiang, T. P. Zhu 0521 (PE); Shuifu, J. M. Delavay 4 (P), 5146 (G, P), Q. L. Huang & W. Q. Fei 155 (IBSC), Z. Y. Liu 2020135 (IMC), 2020248 (IMC), 2023155 (IMC), 2023161 (IMC); Simao, A. Henry 9349 B (E, NYBG, US); Suijiang, B. S. Sun 0099 (IBSC); Tengchong, G. Forrest 7811 (E), 8839 (E), 9794 (E, IBSC); Wenshan, Plant DNA Barcode SE Yunan Exped. GBOWS 242 (KUN), H. T. Tsai 51469 (IBSC, PE), C. A. Wu 7221 (IBSC); Xichou, Anonymous 066779 (HITBC), S. C. Ho 84197 (IBSC), C. W. Wang 85467 (PE); Yangbi, R. C. Ching 22249 (PE), 22263 (PE), G. Forrest s. n. (US); Yimen, W. Q. Yin 0065 (IBSC, LBG), 0066 (WUK), 0152 (IBSC, LBG, PE, WUK), 0166 (IBSC, LBG, PE, WUK), 0200 (IBSC, LBG, PE, WUK); Yuxi, S. W. Yu & C. A. Wu kun 139 (KUN); Zhanyi, Y. H. Li 193 (PE); Zhaotong, F. Ducloux 4955 (P), H. T. Tsai 50885 (PE); Zhenkang, T. P. Zhu 0626 (HITBC, IBSC, NAS, PE), 0635 (HITBC, IBSC, NAS, PE); Precise locality unknown, Anonymous 13 (NAS), E. Bodinier 108 (P), F. Ducloux 889 (NYBG), 3183 (P), 3185 (P), 3872 (P), 4798 (P), 4799 (P), G. Forrest 193 (E), 4985 (E), 12079 (E), 12259 (E, IBSC, PE), 12345 (E, IBSC), 21072 (E), moudi 24073 (E, US), 25708 (E), 26326 (E, IBSC, NYBG, US), 29479 (E, PE), A. F. Legendre 1726 (P), T. N. Liou 18102 (IBSC), E. E. Maire 784 (E), 1932 (E), s. n. (P), J. F. Rock 2937 (N), T. Siméon 361 (E), F. K. Ward s. n. (E). Zhejiang: Yunhe, J. X. Wang 1981 (PE).	en	Huang, Qiao-Lan, Fei, Wen-Qun, Yuan, Qiong, Yang, Qin-Er (2024): Clematis jialasaensis var. macrantha and C. napoensis (Ranunculaceae), another two new synonyms of C. armandi from China. Phytotaxa 670 (4): 203-236, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.670.4.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.670.4.2
A51D155ABA36CD31B0AB0F33E51E9886.taxon	discussion	Notes: — In this work, we have determined the identity of Clematis jialasaensis var. macrantha, but the identity of C. jialasaensis still remains unclear. From its type specimens (Huang et al. 2024 a), C. jialasaensis, just like C. jialasaensis var. macrantha, differs from C. armandi only in the absence of large scales of axillary buds at the base of cymes. Clematis armandi does occur in southeastern Xizang, China (four sheets shown in Figure 27), where C. jialasaensis is recorded to be endemic. Because of the lack of observations of living plants in the wild, we have been unable to determine with certainty if such scales, just like in C. jialasaensis var. macrantha, are also present at the base of cymes borne on branches of last years in plants of C. jialasaensis. Hopefully further botanical exploration in southeastern Xizang in future will settle decisively the problem with the identity of C jialasaensis. In this work, we have also determined the identity of the two collections of Clematis, J. M. Delavay 4 (Fig. 4 A) and J. M. Delavay 5146 (Figs. 4 B – D, 5), from Chengfeng Shan in Shuifu in northeastern Yunnan, China. Franchet (1886), Finet & Gagnepain (1903) and Anonymous (1984) cited them under C. meyeniana, and Wang (2003) cited the latter under C. finetiana. It is far from understandable to us that Wang (2003) referred the G sheets of the collection J. M. Delavay 5146 to C. finetiana. Several large scales are very conspicuous at a node of one of the sheets (Fig. 5 B), an important diagnostic character of C. armandi. Such large scales have never been observed in C. finetiana (Huang et al. 2024 c). Our observations of living plants within the Shuifu population of C. armandi have clearly demonstrated that large scales of axillary buds are usually present on branches of last years of the plants within the population, although often absent on branches of current year of the plants, indicating that the two collections should not belong to C. meyeniana or C. finetiana, but certainly should be referred to C. armandi. Here it is worth mentioning that the cases with the identity of C. craibiana Lace (1915: 395) may be the same as that of the two Delavay collections just mentioned above. Clematis craibiana was described from Myanmar and then reduced to the synonymy of C. meyeniana by Sprague (1916), Handel-Mazzetti (1939), Grey-Wilson (2000), Johnson (2001), and Wang (2003). Huang et al. (2024 a) pointed out that it is certain that C. craibiana does not belong to C. meyeniana. Morphologically, C. craibiana match C. armandi well in all characters except the absence of large scales of axillary buds on branches. Hopefully further botanical exploration in future in Myanmar will settle decisively the problem with the identity of C. craibiana. The cases with the identity of Clematis jialasaensis var. macrantha and C. napoensis, just like the case with the identity of C. xinhuiensis (Huang et al. 2024 a), indicate again that much of the difficulty experienced in classifying the species and varieties of Clematis is due to the incompleteness of the specimens available for examination (Sprague 1916, Huang et al. 2024 a). Indeed, the leaves and even the inflorescences in Clematis often show considerable differences according to the part of the plant on which they are borne, and care should therefore be taken by collectors to obtain a series of specimens from the various parts of a single plant. In cases where the lateral shoots bear scale-laves at the base, a specimen should be selected consisting of a piece of the main stem with at least two pairs of leaves and as much as of the lower part of the lateral shoot as can be dried conveniently on the same sheet.	en	Huang, Qiao-Lan, Fei, Wen-Qun, Yuan, Qiong, Yang, Qin-Er (2024): Clematis jialasaensis var. macrantha and C. napoensis (Ranunculaceae), another two new synonyms of C. armandi from China. Phytotaxa 670 (4): 203-236, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.670.4.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.670.4.2
