identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
A8671025FFDFFFD877B59BE80EA5DF03.text	A8671025FFDFFFD877B59BE80EA5DF03.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cousinia sharifii Attar & Amini Rad 2019	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Cousinia sharifii Attar &amp; Amini Rad ,  sp. nov. (Figs. 1, 2, 3) </p>
            <p>Type: — IRAN. W Azarbaijan: Piranshahr, Silveh, Mashkan, 1890 m, 3 July 2012, Amini Rad &amp; Torabi 58564 (holotype IRAN!).</p>
            <p> Planta perennis, monocarpica. Caulis usque ad 45 cm longus, ramosus, floccoso-araneosus. Folia coriacea, sinuato-dentata, spinosa, indistincte discoloria, supra araneoso-tomentosa, subtus dense albido-tomentosa; folia radicalia ignota; folia caulina decurrentia, parte liberi ca. 9 × 6 cm (spinis inclusis); folia summa reducta, triangularia, basi rotundata, 5.5 × 2–2.5 cm.  Synflorescentia corymbosa ; capitula 25–30 mm longa, ca. 160-flora; pedunculis 5–10 mm longis; involucrum globosum, araneosum, spinis inclusis 43–48 mm diametro, usque ad 30 mm longum; phylla ca. 100, coriacea, appendiculata; appendices triangulares; exteriora patentia; intermedia imbricata, margine supra medium utrinque 1 spinulis; interiora longiora, spinulis nullis; interiora et intima prominentia, exappendiculata; receptaculi setae scabrae.  Corolla purpurea , 23–24 mm longa, tubo limbo 11 mm longo. Antherarum tubus concolor, glaber. Achaenia ignota. </p>
            <p>Perennial, monocarpic. Stem up to 45 cm long, branched, floccose-arachnoid. Leaves coriaceous, sinuate-dentate, spiny, indistinctly discolored, arachnoid-tomentose above, densely arachnoid-tomentose below; radical leaves unknown; stem leaves decurrent, free part 9 × 6 cm (spines included); upper leaves reduced, triangular, rounded at base, 5.5 × 2–2.5 cm. Synflorescence corymbose; capitulum 25–30 mm long, ca. 160-flowered; peduncle 5–10 mm long; involucre globose, arachnoid, 43–48 mm in diam. (including spines), up to 30 mm long; phyllaries ca. 100, coriaceous, appendiculate; appendages triangular; outer ones spreading; middle ones imbricate, with one spine on each side; inner ones longer, spineless; inner and innermost ones exserted; exappendiculate; receptacle bristles scabrous; corolla purple, 23–24 mm long, tube equaling the limb; anther tube concolored, glabrous. Achene unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology: —The epithet ‘sharifii’ honours Prof. Dr. Ghavamoddin Sharif, a pioneering Iranian mycologist who introduced some fungi and plants to the world and collected a large amount of plants and fungi from Iran.</p>
            <p> Distribution, habitat and phenology: —  Cousinia sharifii is known from the type locality in W Azarbaijan province of Iran. It was found in mountainous steppes at 1890 m a.s.l. The new species is a narrow endemic (Fig. 3). Flowers appear in July and mature achenes in August. </p>
            <p> Relationships: —Taxa of  Cousinia sect. Cynaroideae that are distributed in the northwest of Iran include:  C. grandis C.A.Mey. in Candolle (1838: 557),  C. bobeckii Rechinger (1972: 38) ,  C. cynaroides (Bieberstein 1798: 118) Meyer (1831: 230) ,  C. algurdina Rechinger (1964: 344) ,  C. gilliatii Rechinger (1972: 244) ,  C. shebliensis Attar &amp; Ghahreman in Ghahreman et al. (1999: 19),  C. zagrica Attar et al. (2002: 5) ,  C. qaradaghensis Rechinger (1972: 258) ,  C. sahandica Attar &amp; Djavadi (2010: 161) and  C. sabalanica Attar et al. (2000: 699) ,  C. eriocephala Boiss. &amp; Hausskn. in Boissier (1875: 504). </p>
            <p> Cousinia sharifii is morphologically similar to  C. eriocephala and  C. zagrica , two rare species of NW Iran and E Turkey, in its habit, densely canescent-arachnoid involucre and globose capitulum. It can be distinguished from the two species by the shape of involucre and phyllaries, and by the number of flowers and phyllaries (Table 1; Figs. 1, 4, 5). </p>
            <p> The new species is also related to  C. canescens and  C. qaradaghensis because of the arachnoid-greyish habit, but differs from these species by some characters (Table 1; Figs. 1 &amp; 6).  Cousinia canescens is endemic to Turkey and has not been reported from Iran (Attar &amp; Djavadi 2010). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A8671025FFDFFFD877B59BE80EA5DF03	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Attar, Farideh;Rad, Mohammad Amini	Attar, Farideh, Rad, Mohammad Amini (2019): Cousinia sharifii, a new species of Cousinia sect. Cynaroideae (Asteraceae) from NW Iran. Phytotaxa 395 (4): 287-295, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.395.4.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.395.4.4
