identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
A81C8703FFECFFDBFF708A4961EAFDA0.text	A81C8703FFECFFDBFF708A4961EAFDA0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Protarcys Klapalek 1912	<div><p>Protarcys Klapálek, 1912</p><p>Protarcys Klapálek, 1912: 8 (original description of the genus and its two original species); Smith 1917: 468 (notes on the generic characters of the original description; the two American species described in this work as  Protarcys later were transferred to Setvena); Wu 1938: 30 (monograph); Claasen 1940: 117 (catalog; partim); Hanson 1942: 392 (complementary notes on generic characters; doubts about congeneric relationship of Chinese and American species); Illies 1966: 375 (catalog; reinstatement to genus level); Li &amp; Murányi 2015: 52 (type locality data); Chen &amp; Du 2018: 64 (generic key); Yang &amp; Li 2018: 52 (catalog); DeWalt et al. 2024 (catalog).</p><p>Arcynopteryx (Protarcys) Klapálek, 1912: Ricker 1943: 8 (classification as a subgenus); Ricker 1952: 81 (complementary description of the subgenus, distinction from Setvena).</p><p>Neofilchneria Zwick, 1973 syn. n.: Zwick 1973: 235 (original description); Zwick &amp; Sivec 1980: 113 (description of  Neofilchneria erberi, redescription of  N. uncata, including larva and egg); Li &amp; Murányi 2015: 51 (type locality data); Chen &amp; Du 2018: 64 (generic key); Yang &amp; Li 2018: 50 (catalog); Chen 2019: 563 (description of  N. wanglanga, overview on the genus); Chen 2022: 116 (description of the larva of  N. wanglanga from Sichuan); Zhang et al. 2024: 283 (complementary description of  N. wanglanga from Yunnan and description of  N. cheni from Hubei).</p><p>Filchneria Kawai, 1955: Kimmins 1947: 737 (original description of  Filchneria uncata); Illies 1966: 360 (catalog; partim); Kimmins 1970: 351 (type catalog).</p><p>Diagnosis. Medium sized, dark brown  Perlodinae with contrasting pale pattern; submental, meso- and meta thoracal gills present, furcal pit anteriorly connected to mesosternal ridge. Wings with many crossveins and a reticulated pattern apically. Male: sterna lack vesicle, tergum X widely divided into hemiterga, bearing sensilla basiconica and finger-like apical lobe directed inwards; epiproct with large basal anchor and moderate lateral arm, curved lever arm, stick-like paragenital plate without ventral projection, lacks stylet, cowl membranous and relatively small, rod of epiproct tip separated from lever arm, tip with hat-shaped apex. Aedeagus membranous with dense spines, long and cylindrical, sometimes with subbasal lobes. Female: subgenital plate large and rounded, usually with apical notch. Larva: having submental gill, lacinia bidentate, inner edge widely rounded; occipital setae sparse, first three abdominal segments divided by pleura.</p><p>Species included. Type species:  Protarcys caudata Klapálek, 1912, by original designation. Further species:  Protarcys cheni (Zhang, Li &amp; Li, 2024) comb. n.,  Protarcys erberi (Zwick, 1980) comb. n.,  Protarcys lutescens Klapálek, 1912,  Protarcys uncata (Kimmins, 1947) comb. n.,  Protarcys wanglanga (Chen, 2019) comb. n.</p><p>Affinities. The genus is assigned to Arcynopterygini, due to having finger-like apical lobe of hemiterga X, which is armed with sensilla basiconica, and having spherical eggs. The anteriorly connected furcal pit and mesosternal ridge is shared with  Arcynopteryx Klapálek, 1904,  Frisonia Ricker, 1943,  Megarcys Klapálek, 1912,  Pseudomegarcys Kohno, 1946 and  Skwala Ricker, 1952 .  Arcynopteryx is distinguished by the modification of the epiproct tip into a flagellum.  Frisonia,  Megarcys,  Pseudomegarcys and  Skwala have lateral stylets, which are lacking from the  Protarcys epiproct. The other Arcynopterygini genera are distinguished by having a different pattern of the furcal pit and mesosternal ridge ( Oroperla Needham, 1933,  Perlinodes Needham &amp; Claassen, 1925,  Salmoperla Baumann &amp; Lauck, 1987, Setvena Ricker, 1952,  Sopkalia Ricker, 1952).</p><p>There is no generic character to distinguish the female from the above five genera. The egg is typical for Arcynopterygini, with no distinctive character at the generic level. The larva is known only for  P. uncata, as described in Zwick &amp; Sivec (1980), and for  P. wanglanga, as described by Chen (2022). They stated that it is the closest to  Skwala but differs by sparser occipital setae, short marginal setae on the pronotum, and first three abdominal segments divided into terga and sterna.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A81C8703FFECFFDBFF708A4961EAFDA0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mo, Raorao;Li, Weihai;Murányi, Dávid	Mo, Raorao, Li, Weihai, Murányi, Dávid (2025): Protarcys Klapálek, 1912, the senior synonym of Neofilchneria Zwick, 1973 (Plecoptera: Perlodidae). Zootaxa 5618 (1): 68-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5618.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5618.1.4
A81C8703FFEFFFDBFF708D0366BCFADD.text	A81C8703FFEFFFDBFF708D0366BCFADD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Protarcys Klapalek 1912	<div><p>Key to females of species of  Protarcys (female of  P. erberi (Zwick, 1980) unknown)</p><p>1. Subgenital plate lacks the apical notch (Fig. 3A)......................................................  P. caudata</p><p>- Subgenital plate has an apical notch....................................................................... 2</p><p>2. Subgenital plate apically has a deep and V-shaped notch (fig.7b in Chen 2019)...........................  P. wanglanga</p><p>- Subgenital plate apically has a shallow incision............................................................. 3</p><p>3. Subgenital plate is short, apically with a broad incision....................................................... 4</p><p>- Subgenital plate is long, apically with a small and subtriangular incision (Fig. 3B)..........................  P. lutescens</p><p>4. Lateral lobes of the subgenital plate nipple-like (fig. 5b in Zhang et al. 2024).................................  P. cheni</p><p>- Lateral lobes of the subgenital plate are wide, triangular (fig. 13E in Kimmins 1947).........................  P. uncata</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A81C8703FFEFFFDBFF708D0366BCFADD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mo, Raorao;Li, Weihai;Murányi, Dávid	Mo, Raorao, Li, Weihai, Murányi, Dávid (2025): Protarcys Klapálek, 1912, the senior synonym of Neofilchneria Zwick, 1973 (Plecoptera: Perlodidae). Zootaxa 5618 (1): 68-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5618.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5618.1.4
A81C8703FFEFFFDBFF708B5F66BDFC4F.text	A81C8703FFEFFFDBFF708B5F66BDFC4F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Protarcys Klapalek 1912	<div><p>Key to males of species of  Protarcys (male of  P. lutescens Klapálek, 1912 unknown)</p><p>1. Hemitergal lobes about twice longer than wide.............................................................. 2</p><p>- Hemitergal lobes at least three times longer than wide........................................................ 4</p><p>2. Joint of the epiproct lever arm indistinct, not widened........................................................ 3</p><p>- Joint of the lever arm distinct, anterior portion swollen; epiproct tip not bifurcated (figs. 23 f–g in Zwick &amp; Sivec 1980)..................................................................................................  P. erberi</p><p>3. Hemitergal lobes tip rectangular; epiproct tip C-shaped; aedeagus unknown; Nepal, Sikkim, Xizang of China (figs. 23 d–e in Zwick &amp; Sivec 1980)............................................................................  P. uncata</p><p>- Hemitergal lobes tip rounded; epiproct tip unknown; aedeagus with arrow-shaped dorsal armature, lacks lobes; Sichuan of China (Fig. 2).................................................................................  P. caudata</p><p>4. Hemitergal lobes distinctly upcurved; epiproct tip hook-shaped in lateral view (figs. 4a, e in Zhang et al. 2024)......  P. cheni</p><p>- Hemitergal lobes slightly upcurved, nearly touching each other; epiproct tip wavy in lateral view (fig. 5 in Chen 2019)...............................................................................................  P. wanglanga</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A81C8703FFEFFFDBFF708B5F66BDFC4F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mo, Raorao;Li, Weihai;Murányi, Dávid	Mo, Raorao, Li, Weihai, Murányi, Dávid (2025): Protarcys Klapálek, 1912, the senior synonym of Neofilchneria Zwick, 1973 (Plecoptera: Perlodidae). Zootaxa 5618 (1): 68-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5618.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5618.1.4
A81C8703FFEFFFDDFF708C88627BF958.text	A81C8703FFEFFFDDFF708C88627BF958.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Protarcys caudata Klapalek 1912	<div><p>Protarcys caudata Klapálek, 1912</p><p>(Figs. 1A–D, 2, 3A, 4A–D)</p><p>Protarcys caudata Klapálek, 1912: 9 (original description of the male and female); Wu 1935: 300 (catalog); Wu 1938: 31 (monograph, with the reproduction of the original figures); Claasen 1940: 117 (catalog); Illies 1966: 375 (revised combination); Li &amp; Murányi 2015: 52 (type locality information); Yang &amp; Li 2018: 52 (catalog); DeWalt et al. 2024 (catalog).</p><p>Arcynopteryx (Protarcys) caudata Klapálek, 1912: Ricker 1943: 8 (new combination); Ricker 1952: 81 (catalog).</p><p>Diagnosis. Forewing with irregular reticulation between the apical part M veins. Male: finger-like process of hemitergum 10 short, tip rounded; joint of the epiproct lever arm indistinct; aedeagus with arrow-shaped dorsal armature, lacks lobes. Female: subgenital plate prolonged in a wide triangular apex without an incised tip. Egg: shape oval, collar separated from chorion, bearing one indistinct row of FCIs, rim distinctly flanged.</p><p>Material examined.  Syntype 1 male, CHINA: Sichuan Province, Ya’an City, Baoxing County, 30°22′ N, 102°49′ E, 1000 m, 1870, leg. A. David (Labels: MUSEUM PARIS / MOUPIN / A. DAVID 1870; caudata / Klapálek; black label; TYPUS (red label));  Syntype 1: same locality and data (Labels: MUSEUM PARIS / MOUPIN / A. DAVID 1870; caudata / Klapálek; black label; COTYPE (red label));   Syntype 1 female: Sichuan Province, Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Luding County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=102.23&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.913334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 102.23/lat 29.913334)">Dadu (Lu) River, Luding Bridge along Chengwu Road</a>, 29°54.8′ N, 102°13.8′ E, 1310 m, 14–15 Apr 1893, leg. G.N. Potanin (Labels: Cычуан, р. Тун / мостъ Лютинчао / Потан 14–15IV93; caudata / Klapálek; black label; COTYPE (red label))  .</p><p>Redescription</p><p>Male (Figs. 1A–B). Medium sized, macropterous forewing length 11.0 mm. General color dark brown, with bright yellow pattern on head and pronotum. Head brown, triocellate and with big, bulging eyes; posterior ocelli set closer to eyes than to each other. Occipital region pale, with distinct rugosities; area between the three ocelli dark, tentorial callosities and M-line distinct; wrinkles present between M-line and the lateral margins. Long submental gills present. Palpi brown, scape and pedicel dark brown, rest of antennae broken. Pronotum square, as wide as long, narrower than head with eyes. Its ground colour dark brown, with distinct bright yellow longitudinal stripe; rugosities are dark and distinct. Legs dark brown with pale apical ring on femora. Wings with dense crossveins, irregular reticulation present between the apical part of R and M veins on the forewing, and between the R veins on the hindwing.</p><p>Abdomen entirely dark brown (Fig. 2). First three segments widely separated into terga and sterna, fourth and fifth narrowly separated; an obscure gill vestige can be noticed between the first tergum and sternum. Tergum 9 and sternum 9 unmodified. Tergum 10 full divided into hemiterga, which are mostly dark but inner portion lighter anterior to hemitergal process, and the light area bear sparse sensilla basiconica. The process of hemitergum finger-like, short and pointed medially, slightly raised in lateral view. Epiproct with huge, bicolored basal anchor connected to short lateral arms, and strong, upcurved lever arm; epiproct tip is missing for the holotype; lateral stylets lacking; paragenital plates forming brown colored, apically diverging strip-like sclerites. Sternum 10 is forming a short, dark subgenital plate. Everted aedeagus is a long tube, constricted in the apical half, then dilated apically. The apical half is fully armed with dense spines, mostly small and short, but long, spike-like and golden colored spines cover the dorsoapical portion, forming an arrow-shaped patch. Cerci as long as the body, cercomeres cylindrical.</p><p>Female (Figs. 1C–D). Generally similar to male, macropterous forewing length 14.0–15.0 mm. Head is lacking for the female syntype collected together with the male syntype. Head pattern of the other female, collected at the Luding Bridge, has more marked color pattern than the male.</p><p>Abdomen brown to dark brown (Fig. 3A). Sterna 7–8 covered with uniform long hairs. Subgenital plate on sternum 8 prolonged in a wide triangular apex, covering basal half of sternum 9. Sternum 9 is uniformly dark. Paraprocts triangular, cerci similar to the male.</p><p>Egg (Figs. 4A–D). 0.45–0.55 mm long, 0.35–0.40 mm wide (n = 18). Shape oval, cross section round, no longitudinal ridges visible. Hatching line inconspicuous. Micropyles placed in an equatorial line, not raised, each located at the meeting of ditches between follicular cell impressions (FCIs). Chorion with ornamentation of penta- and hexagonal FCIs. Collar round, separated from chorion by a shallow ditch, bearing one indistinct row of FCIs, rim distinctly flanged, edge wavy. Anchor cannot be studied in detail.</p><p>Distribution. China (Sichuan Province).</p><p>Affinities. This species,  P. lutescens and  P. cheni are distinguished from the other three species by having irregular reticulation between not only the R, but the apical part of the M veins of the forewing (although the wing venation is not specified for  P. erberi). Unfortunately, the epiproct tip of the single available male of  P. caudata is broken, and distinction from the other two species with short finger-like process of hemitergum 10 (the Himalayan  P. uncata and  P. erberi) is a bit problematic but possible on the basis of the lever arm and the shape of the hemitergal tip, as discussed in the key above. The aedeagus is distinctly different from  P. cheni and  P. wanglanga by lacking lobes but having arrow-shaped armature of golden spines; unfortunately, the aedeagus remains unknown for the other two species. The female of  P. caudata is the only known  Protarcys with a simple triangular subgenital plate that is lacking an apical incision. The triangular subgenital plate is similar to  P. lutescens, but that species has a shallow apical incision, and the leg of  P. lutescens is similarly colorful as of the third Sichuan species,  P. wanglanga . The egg of  P. caudata distinctly differs from that of  P. lutescens by having a flanged collar that is well separated from the chorion.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A81C8703FFEFFFDDFF708C88627BF958	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mo, Raorao;Li, Weihai;Murányi, Dávid	Mo, Raorao, Li, Weihai, Murányi, Dávid (2025): Protarcys Klapálek, 1912, the senior synonym of Neofilchneria Zwick, 1973 (Plecoptera: Perlodidae). Zootaxa 5618 (1): 68-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5618.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5618.1.4
A81C8703FFEBFFD1FF7089A8670EFA3D.text	A81C8703FFEBFFD1FF7089A8670EFA3D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Protarcys lutescens Klapalek 1912	<div><p>Protarcys lutescens Klapálek, 1912</p><p>(Figs. 1E–F, 3B, 4E–F)</p><p>Protarcys lutescens Klapálek, 1912: 8 (original description of the male and female); Wu 1935: 300 (catalog); Wu 1938: 31 (monograph, with the reproduction of the original figures); Claasen 1940: 117 (catalog); Illies 1966: 375 (revised combination); Li &amp; Murányi 2015: 52 (type locality data); Yang &amp; Li 2018: 52 (catalog); DeWalt et al. 2024 (catalog).</p><p>Arcynopteryx (Protarcys) lutescens Klapálek, 1912: Ricker 1943: 8 (new combination); Ricker 1952: 81 (catalog).</p><p>Diagnosis. Forewing with irregular reticulation between the apical part M veins. Female: subgenital plate prolonged in a wide triangular apex with an incised tip, incision shallow and subtriangular. Egg: shape drop-like to oval, collar not separated from chorion, bearing one short row of FCIs, rim not flanged.</p><p>Material examined.   1 female, CHINA: Sichuan Province, Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Kangding County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=102.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 102.0/lat 30.0)">Lucheng</a>, 30° N, 102° E, 3 Jun. 1893, leg. G.N. Potanin (Labels: Cычуан, / ТаЦЗинлу. / Потанин 3.VI93; lutescens / Klapálek; Collentio / Klapálek; black label; TYPUS (red label))  .</p><p>Redescription</p><p>Female (Figs. 1E–F). Medium sized, macropterous forewing length 15.0 mm. General color dark brown, with bright yellow pattern on head and pronotum. Head brown, triocellate and with relatively big eyes; posterior ocelli set closer to eyes than to each other. Occipital region mostly pale, with distinct rugosities; area between the three ocelli dark, tentorial callosities and M-line distinct; no distinct wrinkles between M-line and the lateral margins. Moderately long submental gills present. Palpi brown, scape and pedicel dark brown, rest of antennae brown. Pronotum square, slightly wider than long, narrower than head with eyes. Its ground colour dark brown, with distinct bright yellow longitudinal stripe; rugosities are dark and distinct. Legs with femora banded with dark and pale stripes apically, tibiae banded both basally and apically. Wings with dense crossveins, irregular reticulation present between the apical part of R and M veins on the forewing, and between the R veins on the hindwing.</p><p>Abdomen dark brown (Fig. 3B). Sterna 7–8 covered with uniform long hairs. Subgenital plate on sternum 8 prolonged in a wide triangular apex with an incised tip, covering basal half of sternum 9. Sternum 9 is paler than subgenital plate, with two conspicuous dark spots laterally. Paraprocts triangular, cerci shorter than the body, cercomeres cylindrical.</p><p>Egg (Figs. 4E–F). 0.55–0.60 mm long, 0.35–0.40 mm wide (n = 11). Shape drop-like to oval, cross section round but lateral side often depressed, no longitudinal ridges visible. Hatching line inconspicuous. Micropyles placed in a subequatorial line, not raised, each located at the meeting of ditches between follicular cell impressions (FCIs). Chorion with ornamentation of penta- and hexagonal FCIs. Collar round, not separated from chorion, bearing one short row of FCIs, rim not flanged. Anchor cannot be studied in detail.</p><p>Distribution. China (Sichuan Province).</p><p>Affinities. The single available female is distinctive with its triangular subgenital plate having a shallow and narrow apical incision. It is the closest to  P. caudata, distinction is detailed above.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A81C8703FFEBFFD1FF7089A8670EFA3D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mo, Raorao;Li, Weihai;Murányi, Dávid	Mo, Raorao, Li, Weihai, Murányi, Dávid (2025): Protarcys Klapálek, 1912, the senior synonym of Neofilchneria Zwick, 1973 (Plecoptera: Perlodidae). Zootaxa 5618 (1): 68-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5618.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5618.1.4
