taxonID	type	description	language	source
A81C8703FFECFFDBFF708A4961EAFDA0.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Medium sized, dark brown Perlodinae with contrasting pale pattern; submental, meso- and meta thoracal gills present, furcal pit anteriorly connected to mesosternal ridge. Wings with many crossveins and a reticulated pattern apically. Male: sterna lack vesicle, tergum X widely divided into hemiterga, bearing sensilla basiconica and finger-like apical lobe directed inwards; epiproct with large basal anchor and moderate lateral arm, curved lever arm, stick-like paragenital plate without ventral projection, lacks stylet, cowl membranous and relatively small, rod of epiproct tip separated from lever arm, tip with hat-shaped apex. Aedeagus membranous with dense spines, long and cylindrical, sometimes with subbasal lobes. Female: subgenital plate large and rounded, usually with apical notch. Larva: having submental gill, lacinia bidentate, inner edge widely rounded; occipital setae sparse, first three abdominal segments divided by pleura.	en	Mo, Raorao, Li, Weihai, Murányi, Dávid (2025): Protarcys Klapálek, 1912, the senior synonym of Neofilchneria Zwick, 1973 (Plecoptera: Perlodidae). Zootaxa 5618 (1): 68-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5618.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5618.1.4
A81C8703FFECFFDBFF708A4961EAFDA0.taxon	discussion	Affinities. The genus is assigned to Arcynopterygini, due to having finger-like apical lobe of hemiterga X, which is armed with sensilla basiconica, and having spherical eggs. The anteriorly connected furcal pit and mesosternal ridge is shared with Arcynopteryx Klapálek, 1904, Frisonia Ricker, 1943, Megarcys Klapálek, 1912, Pseudomegarcys Kohno, 1946 and Skwala Ricker, 1952. Arcynopteryx is distinguished by the modification of the epiproct tip into a flagellum. Frisonia, Megarcys, Pseudomegarcys and Skwala have lateral stylets, which are lacking from the Protarcys epiproct. The other Arcynopterygini genera are distinguished by having a different pattern of the furcal pit and mesosternal ridge (Oroperla Needham, 1933, Perlinodes Needham & Claassen, 1925, Salmoperla Baumann & Lauck, 1987, Setvena Ricker, 1952, Sopkalia Ricker, 1952). There is no generic character to distinguish the female from the above five genera. The egg is typical for Arcynopterygini, with no distinctive character at the generic level. The larva is known only for P. uncata, as described in Zwick & Sivec (1980), and for P. wanglanga, as described by Chen (2022). They stated that it is the closest to Skwala but differs by sparser occipital setae, short marginal setae on the pronotum, and first three abdominal segments divided into terga and sterna.	en	Mo, Raorao, Li, Weihai, Murányi, Dávid (2025): Protarcys Klapálek, 1912, the senior synonym of Neofilchneria Zwick, 1973 (Plecoptera: Perlodidae). Zootaxa 5618 (1): 68-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5618.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5618.1.4
A81C8703FFEFFFDDFF708C88627BF958.taxon	description	(Figs. 1 A – D, 2, 3 A, 4 A – D)	en	Mo, Raorao, Li, Weihai, Murányi, Dávid (2025): Protarcys Klapálek, 1912, the senior synonym of Neofilchneria Zwick, 1973 (Plecoptera: Perlodidae). Zootaxa 5618 (1): 68-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5618.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5618.1.4
A81C8703FFEFFFDDFF708C88627BF958.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Forewing with irregular reticulation between the apical part M veins. Male: finger-like process of hemitergum 10 short, tip rounded; joint of the epiproct lever arm indistinct; aedeagus with arrow-shaped dorsal armature, lacks lobes. Female: subgenital plate prolonged in a wide triangular apex without an incised tip. Egg: shape oval, collar separated from chorion, bearing one indistinct row of FCIs, rim distinctly flanged.	en	Mo, Raorao, Li, Weihai, Murányi, Dávid (2025): Protarcys Klapálek, 1912, the senior synonym of Neofilchneria Zwick, 1973 (Plecoptera: Perlodidae). Zootaxa 5618 (1): 68-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5618.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5618.1.4
A81C8703FFEFFFDDFF708C88627BF958.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Syntype 1 male, CHINA: Sichuan Province, Ya’an City, Baoxing County, 30 ° 22 ′ N, 102 ° 49 ′ E, 1000 m, 1870, leg. A. David (Labels: MUSEUM PARIS / MOUPIN / A. DAVID 1870; caudata / Klapálek; black label; TYPUS (red label )); Syntype 1: same locality and data (Labels: MUSEUM PARIS / MOUPIN / A. DAVID 1870; caudata / Klapálek; black label; COTYPE (red label )); Syntype 1 female: Sichuan Province, Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Luding County, Dadu (Lu) River, Luding Bridge along Chengwu Road, 29 ° 54.8 ′ N, 102 ° 13.8 ′ E, 1310 m, 14 – 15 Apr 1893, leg. G. N. Potanin (Labels: Cычуан, р. Тун / мостъ Лютинчао / Потан 14 – 15 IV 93; caudata / Klapálek; black label; COTYPE (red label )).	en	Mo, Raorao, Li, Weihai, Murányi, Dávid (2025): Protarcys Klapálek, 1912, the senior synonym of Neofilchneria Zwick, 1973 (Plecoptera: Perlodidae). Zootaxa 5618 (1): 68-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5618.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5618.1.4
A81C8703FFEFFFDDFF708C88627BF958.taxon	description	Redescription Male (Figs. 1 A – B). Medium sized, macropterous forewing length 11.0 mm. General color dark brown, with bright yellow pattern on head and pronotum. Head brown, triocellate and with big, bulging eyes; posterior ocelli set closer to eyes than to each other. Occipital region pale, with distinct rugosities; area between the three ocelli dark, tentorial callosities and M-line distinct; wrinkles present between M-line and the lateral margins. Long submental gills present. Palpi brown, scape and pedicel dark brown, rest of antennae broken. Pronotum square, as wide as long, narrower than head with eyes. Its ground colour dark brown, with distinct bright yellow longitudinal stripe; rugosities are dark and distinct. Legs dark brown with pale apical ring on femora. Wings with dense crossveins, irregular reticulation present between the apical part of R and M veins on the forewing, and between the R veins on the hindwing. Abdomen entirely dark brown (Fig. 2). First three segments widely separated into terga and sterna, fourth and fifth narrowly separated; an obscure gill vestige can be noticed between the first tergum and sternum. Tergum 9 and sternum 9 unmodified. Tergum 10 full divided into hemiterga, which are mostly dark but inner portion lighter anterior to hemitergal process, and the light area bear sparse sensilla basiconica. The process of hemitergum finger-like, short and pointed medially, slightly raised in lateral view. Epiproct with huge, bicolored basal anchor connected to short lateral arms, and strong, upcurved lever arm; epiproct tip is missing for the holotype; lateral stylets lacking; paragenital plates forming brown colored, apically diverging strip-like sclerites. Sternum 10 is forming a short, dark subgenital plate. Everted aedeagus is a long tube, constricted in the apical half, then dilated apically. The apical half is fully armed with dense spines, mostly small and short, but long, spike-like and golden colored spines cover the dorsoapical portion, forming an arrow-shaped patch. Cerci as long as the body, cercomeres cylindrical. Female (Figs. 1 C – D). Generally similar to male, macropterous forewing length 14.0 – 15.0 mm. Head is lacking for the female syntype collected together with the male syntype. Head pattern of the other female, collected at the Luding Bridge, has more marked color pattern than the male. Abdomen brown to dark brown (Fig. 3 A). Sterna 7 – 8 covered with uniform long hairs. Subgenital plate on sternum 8 prolonged in a wide triangular apex, covering basal half of sternum 9. Sternum 9 is uniformly dark. Paraprocts triangular, cerci similar to the male. Egg (Figs. 4 A – D). 0.45 – 0.55 mm long, 0.35 – 0.40 mm wide (n = 18). Shape oval, cross section round, no longitudinal ridges visible. Hatching line inconspicuous. Micropyles placed in an equatorial line, not raised, each located at the meeting of ditches between follicular cell impressions (FCIs). Chorion with ornamentation of penta- and hexagonal FCIs. Collar round, separated from chorion by a shallow ditch, bearing one indistinct row of FCIs, rim distinctly flanged, edge wavy. Anchor cannot be studied in detail.	en	Mo, Raorao, Li, Weihai, Murányi, Dávid (2025): Protarcys Klapálek, 1912, the senior synonym of Neofilchneria Zwick, 1973 (Plecoptera: Perlodidae). Zootaxa 5618 (1): 68-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5618.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5618.1.4
A81C8703FFEFFFDDFF708C88627BF958.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China (Sichuan Province).	en	Mo, Raorao, Li, Weihai, Murányi, Dávid (2025): Protarcys Klapálek, 1912, the senior synonym of Neofilchneria Zwick, 1973 (Plecoptera: Perlodidae). Zootaxa 5618 (1): 68-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5618.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5618.1.4
A81C8703FFEFFFDDFF708C88627BF958.taxon	discussion	Affinities. This species, P. lutescens and P. cheni are distinguished from the other three species by having irregular reticulation between not only the R, but the apical part of the M veins of the forewing (although the wing venation is not specified for P. erberi). Unfortunately, the epiproct tip of the single available male of P. caudata is broken, and distinction from the other two species with short finger-like process of hemitergum 10 (the Himalayan P. uncata and P. erberi) is a bit problematic but possible on the basis of the lever arm and the shape of the hemitergal tip, as discussed in the key above. The aedeagus is distinctly different from P. cheni and P. wanglanga by lacking lobes but having arrow-shaped armature of golden spines; unfortunately, the aedeagus remains unknown for the other two species. The female of P. caudata is the only known Protarcys with a simple triangular subgenital plate that is lacking an apical incision. The triangular subgenital plate is similar to P. lutescens, but that species has a shallow apical incision, and the leg of P. lutescens is similarly colorful as of the third Sichuan species, P. wanglanga. The egg of P. caudata distinctly differs from that of P. lutescens by having a flanged collar that is well separated from the chorion.	en	Mo, Raorao, Li, Weihai, Murányi, Dávid (2025): Protarcys Klapálek, 1912, the senior synonym of Neofilchneria Zwick, 1973 (Plecoptera: Perlodidae). Zootaxa 5618 (1): 68-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5618.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5618.1.4
A81C8703FFEBFFD1FF7089A8670EFA3D.taxon	description	(Figs. 1 E – F, 3 B, 4 E – F)	en	Mo, Raorao, Li, Weihai, Murányi, Dávid (2025): Protarcys Klapálek, 1912, the senior synonym of Neofilchneria Zwick, 1973 (Plecoptera: Perlodidae). Zootaxa 5618 (1): 68-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5618.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5618.1.4
A81C8703FFEBFFD1FF7089A8670EFA3D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Forewing with irregular reticulation between the apical part M veins. Female: subgenital plate prolonged in a wide triangular apex with an incised tip, incision shallow and subtriangular. Egg: shape drop-like to oval, collar not separated from chorion, bearing one short row of FCIs, rim not flanged.	en	Mo, Raorao, Li, Weihai, Murányi, Dávid (2025): Protarcys Klapálek, 1912, the senior synonym of Neofilchneria Zwick, 1973 (Plecoptera: Perlodidae). Zootaxa 5618 (1): 68-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5618.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5618.1.4
A81C8703FFEBFFD1FF7089A8670EFA3D.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 1 female, CHINA: Sichuan Province, Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Kangding County, Lucheng, 30 ° N, 102 ° E, 3 Jun. 1893, leg. G. N. Potanin (Labels: Cычуан, / ТаЦЗинлу. / Потанин 3. VI 93; lutescens / Klapálek; Collentio / Klapálek; black label; TYPUS (red label )).	en	Mo, Raorao, Li, Weihai, Murányi, Dávid (2025): Protarcys Klapálek, 1912, the senior synonym of Neofilchneria Zwick, 1973 (Plecoptera: Perlodidae). Zootaxa 5618 (1): 68-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5618.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5618.1.4
A81C8703FFEBFFD1FF7089A8670EFA3D.taxon	description	Redescription Female (Figs. 1 E – F). Medium sized, macropterous forewing length 15.0 mm. General color dark brown, with bright yellow pattern on head and pronotum. Head brown, triocellate and with relatively big eyes; posterior ocelli set closer to eyes than to each other. Occipital region mostly pale, with distinct rugosities; area between the three ocelli dark, tentorial callosities and M-line distinct; no distinct wrinkles between M-line and the lateral margins. Moderately long submental gills present. Palpi brown, scape and pedicel dark brown, rest of antennae brown. Pronotum square, slightly wider than long, narrower than head with eyes. Its ground colour dark brown, with distinct bright yellow longitudinal stripe; rugosities are dark and distinct. Legs with femora banded with dark and pale stripes apically, tibiae banded both basally and apically. Wings with dense crossveins, irregular reticulation present between the apical part of R and M veins on the forewing, and between the R veins on the hindwing. Abdomen dark brown (Fig. 3 B). Sterna 7 – 8 covered with uniform long hairs. Subgenital plate on sternum 8 prolonged in a wide triangular apex with an incised tip, covering basal half of sternum 9. Sternum 9 is paler than subgenital plate, with two conspicuous dark spots laterally. Paraprocts triangular, cerci shorter than the body, cercomeres cylindrical. Egg (Figs. 4 E – F). 0.55 – 0.60 mm long, 0.35 – 0.40 mm wide (n = 11). Shape drop-like to oval, cross section round but lateral side often depressed, no longitudinal ridges visible. Hatching line inconspicuous. Micropyles placed in a subequatorial line, not raised, each located at the meeting of ditches between follicular cell impressions (FCIs). Chorion with ornamentation of penta- and hexagonal FCIs. Collar round, not separated from chorion, bearing one short row of FCIs, rim not flanged. Anchor cannot be studied in detail.	en	Mo, Raorao, Li, Weihai, Murányi, Dávid (2025): Protarcys Klapálek, 1912, the senior synonym of Neofilchneria Zwick, 1973 (Plecoptera: Perlodidae). Zootaxa 5618 (1): 68-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5618.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5618.1.4
A81C8703FFEBFFD1FF7089A8670EFA3D.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China (Sichuan Province).	en	Mo, Raorao, Li, Weihai, Murányi, Dávid (2025): Protarcys Klapálek, 1912, the senior synonym of Neofilchneria Zwick, 1973 (Plecoptera: Perlodidae). Zootaxa 5618 (1): 68-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5618.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5618.1.4
A81C8703FFEBFFD1FF7089A8670EFA3D.taxon	discussion	Affinities. The single available female is distinctive with its triangular subgenital plate having a shallow and narrow apical incision. It is the closest to P. caudata, distinction is detailed above.	en	Mo, Raorao, Li, Weihai, Murányi, Dávid (2025): Protarcys Klapálek, 1912, the senior synonym of Neofilchneria Zwick, 1973 (Plecoptera: Perlodidae). Zootaxa 5618 (1): 68-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5618.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5618.1.4
