identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
CA4031959F59531480C92B3B9C33CDF8.text	CA4031959F59531480C92B3B9C33CDF8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Atrokylindriopsis racemosospora Senwanna, J. Kumla & N. Suwannar. 2025	<div><p>Atrokylindriopsis racemosospora Senwanna, J. Kumla &amp; N. Suwannar. sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 2</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>In reference to the spore arrangement resembling a raceme form.</p><p>Type.</p><p>Thailand • Chiang Mai Province: Chai Prakan District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.02556&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.70639" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.02556/lat 19.70639)">Nong Bua Subdistrict</a>, endolichenic from the medulla of foliose lichen ( Parmotrema sp.) on Prunus domestica, 19°42'23"N, 99°1'32"E, elevation 1160 m, 2 June 2023, C. Senwanna and N. Suwannarach, CMUB 40067 (Holotype, preserved in a metabolically inactive state. Ex-type living culture LC 05-1 = SDBR-CMU 502) .</p><p>Cultural characteristics.</p><p>Colonies on different agar media were incubated in the dark at 25 ° C for 2 months; colonies flat, irregular, with edge undulate, velvety; on PDA (18 to 27 mm in diameter) surface grayish brown, light brown at the margin, reverse olivaceous black, light brown at the margin; on MEA (18 to 23 mm in diameter) surface grayish brown, dark brown to black at the margin, reverse olivaceous black, producing brown pigment in agar; on OA (17 to 23 mm in diameter) surface grayish brown, reverse olivaceous black, sporulation absent; on PCA (17 to 20 mm in diameter) surface and reverse brownish gray, reverse olivaceous black, sporulation absent. On CMD (15 to 20 mm in diameter) surface and reverse grayish brown; and on CMA (20 to 27 mm in diameter) surface and reverse brownish grey, sporulation absent. Asexual morph in vitro dematiaceous hyphomycetes. Hyphae 1–2.5 µm wide, pale brown, simple to branched, septate, smooth, thin-walled, coiling, anastomosis observed. Conidiophores (10 –) 20–111 (– 153) × (1.4 –) 1.8–2.6 (– 2.9) µm (x ̄ = 53.17 × 2.15, n = 40), macronematous, monomematous, straight or slightly flexuous, unbranched, continuous or 1–3 septate, dark brown, paler terminally, smooth-, thick-walled. Conidiogenous cells (6.6 –) 15.5–36 (– 45.5) × (1.4 –) 1.8–2.6 (– 2.9) µm (x ̄ = 25.5 × 2.16, n = 40), integrated, polyblastic, terminal to mostly intercalary, proliferating sympodial and producing conidia from short denticles, subcylindrical, pale brown to brown, fertile parts subhyaline; denticles scattered, slightly darkened, 0.4–1 µm wide. Conidia (2.5 –) 2.8–4.4 (– 5) × (1.8 –) 2–3.3 µm (x ̄ = 3.72 × 2.68, n = 40), abundant, obovoid or subglobose, with a round apex, and slightly truncate base, aseptate, subhyaline to pale brown, smooth-walled, with inconspicuous conidial scars, 0.5–1 µm wide. Chlamydospores rare, solitary or in chains, terminal, globose to pyriform, without or one-septate, pigmented, dark brown, smooth-, thick- walled. Sexual morph unknown.</p><p>Cardinal temperatures for growth on MEA after two weeks</p><p>(mm). Optimum at the range of 25 ° C to 30 ° C (10 to 14). No growth 4 ° C and 35 ° C.</p><p>Additional materials examined.</p><p>Thailand • Chiang Mai Province, Chai Prakan District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.02556&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.70639" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.02556/lat 19.70639)">Nong Bua Subdistrict</a>, endolichenic from the medulla of foliose lichen ( Parmotrema sp.) on Prunus domestica, 19°42'23"N, 99°1'32"E, elevation 1160 m, 2 June 2023, C. Senwanna and N. Suwannarach, living culture (LC 05-3 = SDBR-CMU 503) .</p><p>Additional GenBank numbers.</p><p>act and tef 1 for SDBR-CMU 502: PQ 523738 and PQ 523739; tef 1 for SDBR-CMU 503: PQ 523740.</p><p>Ecology and distribution.</p><p>Endolichenic fungi from the medulla of foliose lichen ( Parmotrema sp.) in Thailand.</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Based on a blast search of the NCBI’s GenBank nucleotide database of the ITS sequence, Atrokylindriopsis racemosospora has the closest match with At. setulosa (strain HMAS 245592; KP 337330, ex-type) with 99.33 % similarity and is similar to Aciculomyces restrictus (strain FMR 18994; ON 009870, ex-type) with 93.79 % similarity (identities = 468 / 499, 10 gaps) and Exophiala siamensis (strain SDBR-CMU 417; NR _ 184988, ex-type) with 92.39 % similarity (identities = 583 / 631, 16 gaps). The closest matches using the LSU sequence are At. setulosa (strain HMAS 245592; KP 337329) with 100 % similarity (identities = 548 / 548, 0 gap), Ex. ramosa (strain FMR 18632; ON 009933, ex-type) with 98.97 % similarity (identities = 865 / 874, 1 gap), and Melanoctona tectonae (strain MFLUCC 12-0389; NG _ 059687) with 98.43 % similarity (identities = 879 / 893, 2 gaps). The closest matches using SSU sequence are Ex. siamensis (strain SDBR-CMU 417; ON 555826) with 99.53 % similarity (identities = 1055 / 1060, 1 gap), Capronia dactylotricha (strain CBS 604.96; NG _ 062636) with 98.45 % similarity (identities = 1082 / 1099, 1 gap), and E. yunnanensis (strain YMF 1.06739, ex-type) with 98.31 % similarity (identities = 1049 / 1067, 1 gap). The closest matches using the tub 2 sequence are Biscogniauxia arima (strain YMJ 122; AY 951672) with 93.08 % similarity (identities = 121 / 130, 1 gap) and B. mediterranea (strain ISN 9 LDC 31; OQ 942633) with 92.37 % similarity (identities = 121 / 131, 1 gap).</p><p>A combined multilocus-based phylogenetic analysis showed that both strains (SDBR-CMU 502 and SDBR-CMU 503) of Atrokylindriopsis racemosospora formed sister taxon to At. setulosa (HMAS 245592, ex-type strain) with 100 % ML and 1 PP statistical support, and also clustered with Aciculomyces restrictus (FMR 18994, ex-type strain) with 95 % ML and 1 PP statistical support (Fig. 1). The ITS and LSU nucleotide sequence comparisons reveal 3 / 580 and 0 / 548 base pair differences with At. setulosa, respectively. In contrast, a comparison of ITS, LSU, tef 1, and tub 2 base pairs shows that At. racemosospora differs from Ac. restrictus by 34 / 494 bp of ITS, 8 / 770 bp of LSU, 38 / 158 bp of tef 1, and 108 / 430 bp of tub 2. The morphology of Atrokylindriopsis differs from that of Aciculomyces in having unbranched, macronematous conidiophores, monophialidic conidiogenous cells, pigmented, septate, setulate conidia (Ma et al. 2015; Torres-Garcia et al. 2023). Atrokylindriopsis racemosospora shares similar features, including sympodial proliferation, denticulate conidiogenous cells, and aseptate, obovoid or subglobose conidia, with species Ac. restrictus (Torres-Garcia et al. 2023), but Ac. restrictus has longer conidiophores (10–153 × 1.4–2.9 µm vs 19–105.5 × 1.5–2.5 µm) and smaller conidia (2.5–5 × 1.8–3.3 µm vs 2–4 × 1.5–2.5 µm). Moreover, the conidiogenous cells and conidia formation of At. racemosospora is more abundant than that of Ac. restrictus, and the conidial scars are not conspicuous. In addition, At. setulosa differs from At. racemosospora by its larger, cylindrical to clavate or rounded-cuboid conidia, which have 4–5 longitudinal eusepta and are attached to the conidiogenous locus at the midpoint of their long side, appearing to form a ‘ T’ (Ma et al. 2015). These morphological characteristics clearly distinguish At. racemosospora from Ac. restrictus and At. setulosa .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CA4031959F59531480C92B3B9C33CDF8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Senwanna, Chanokned;Kumla, Jaturong;Kodchasee, Pratthana;Duangkon, Nutchanan;Suwannarach, Nakarin	Senwanna, Chanokned, Kumla, Jaturong, Kodchasee, Pratthana, Duangkon, Nutchanan, Suwannarach, Nakarin (2025): Additions of New Endolichenic Fungi to Herpotrichiellaceae (Chaetothyriales, Ascomycota) from northern Thailand. MycoKeys 120: 193-229, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.120.153906
32967B0DAB3F5325ABBD917294DD0695.text	32967B0DAB3F5325ABBD917294DD0695.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phialophora chinensis Ya L. Li, de Hoog & R. Y. Li	<div><p>Phialophora chinensis Ya L. Li, de Hoog &amp; R. Y. Li, in Li, Xiao, de Hoog Wang, Wan, Yu, Liu &amp; Li, Persoonia 38: 11 (2016)</p><p>Fig. 3</p><p>Cultural characteristics.</p><p>Colonies on different agar media were incubated in the dark at 25 ° C for 1 months; colonies flat, irregular, with edge entire, velvety; on PDA (39 to 44 mm in diameter) surface grayish brown, dark brown to black at the margin, reverse olivaceous black; on MEA surface Blackish Grey, black at the margin, reverse olivaceous black; on MEA (49 to 53 mm in diameter) surface Blackish Grey, black at the margin, reverse olivaceous black; on OA (69 to 74 mm in diameter) surface grayish brown, reverse olivaceous black; on PCA (46 to 55 mm in diameter) surface and reverse grayish brown, dark brown at the margin, reverse olivaceous black, sporulation absent; on CMD (42 to 50 mm in diameter) surface and reverse brownish gray; and on CMA (33 to 41 mm in diameter) surface and reverse brownish grey, sporulation absent. Asexual morph in vitro dematiaceous hyphomycetes. Hyphae 1–3.4 µm wide, subhyaline to light brown, simple to branched, septate, smooth-, thin-walled, coiling, anastomosis observed. Conidiophores (4 –) 5.5–31 (– 45.3) × (2 –) 3–4.3 (– 4.8) µm (x ̄ = 17 × 3.6, n = 55), micro- or semi-macronematous, straight, simples or poorly branched, septate, slightly constricted at septa, smooth; micronematous conidiophores consisting in conidiogenous cells growing directly from vegetative hyphae, lateral or terminal. Phialides 4–11 (– 15.5) × 2.3–4 (– 5) µm (x ̄ = 8.3 × 3.3, n = 75), regularly flask-shaped to elongate-ampulliform or subulate, with an apical conspicuous collarette; collarettes (1.6 –) 2–3.9 (– 4.8) × (1.6 –) 2–3.9 (– 4.2) µm (x ̄ = 3 × 3, n = 65), usually funnel-shaped, darker than the rest of the phialide. Conidia 2–4 (– 5) × 1.6–2.7 (– 3.9) µm (x ̄ = 3.3 × 2.2, n = 75), hyaline to subhyaline, mostly broadly ellipsoidal, more rarely obovoidal, smooth-walled. Chlamydospores 9.5–20 (– 23) µm wide, abundantly produced in aerial hyphae, mostly intercalary, solitary or in branched chains, sub globose to ellipsoidal or barrel-shaped, pigmented, light to dark brown, smooth-, thick-, dark-walled, without or one-septate, constricted near the septa. Sexual morph unknown.</p><p>Cardinal temperatures for growth on MEA after two weeks</p><p>(mm). Optimum at the range of 25 ° C to 30 ° C (19 to 24), maximum 35 ° C (17 to 19). No growth 4 ° C.</p><p>Materials examined.</p><p>Thailand • Chiang Mai Province: Mueang Chiang Mai District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.94381&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.807499" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.94381/lat 18.807499)">Suthep Subdistrict</a>, endolichenic from the medulla of foliose lichen ( Parmotrema sp.) on unidentified tree trunk, 18°48'27"N, 98°56'37.7"E, elevation 343 m, 26 June 2023, C. Senwanna, living culture: LC 10-10 = SDBR-CMU 504, LC 10-11 = SDBR-CMU 505, and LC 10-17 = SDBR-CMU 506 .</p><p>Ecology and distribution.</p><p>Endolichenic fungi from the medulla of foliose lichen ( Parmotrema sp.) in Thailand (this study); pathogenic as chromoblastomycosis in human in China and Mexico (Li et al. 2017; Ahmed et al. 2021), as fungal keratitis in India and USA (Ply et al. 2023; Mitra et al. 2024), as phaeohyphomycosis in France (Pruvot et al. 2023); saprobic from bamboo in China, from the environment in Japan, from plant materials in Brazil and China, and soil in China and from wheat straw in Brazil (Li et al. 2017).</p><p>Notes.</p><p>A BLASTn search using ITS and tub 2 sequence data in NCBI has revealed sequence similarities of 98.98–99.83 % and 98.46–99.78 % between our strains (SDBR-CMU 504, SDBR-CMU 505, and SDBR-CMU 506) and Phialophora chinensis strains. While the closest matches using the LSU sequence are P. ellipsoidea (strain MUCL 9768; AF 050282) with 99.89 % similarity (identities = 885 / 886, no gap), P. macrospora (strain MUCL 15541; EU 514701), and P. americana (strain UAMH 10872; EU 514691) with 99.77 % similarity (identities = 864 / 866, no gap). The closest matches using the SSU sequence are Capronia semiimmersa (strain UAMH 10872; JN 941209) with 99.71 % similarity (identities = 1018 / 1021, 1 gap), P. verrucosa (strain AFTOL-ID 670; EF 413614) with 99.60 % similarity (identities = 992 / 996, 2 gaps), and P. americana (strain CBS 840.69; AY 554291) with 99.33 % similarity (identities = 1033 / 1040, 4 gaps).</p><p>In our multigene phylogenetic study, strains SDBR-CMU 504, SDBR-CMU 505, and SDBR-CMU 506 form a clade with close affinity to P. chinensis (Fig. 1). However, the species segregation within the taxa is not discrete in a multigene phylogeny. Comparing the ITS, LSU, SSU, and tub 2 regions between our strains and CBS 140326 (type strain), only 1 bp difference was found in the ITS, 3 bp difference in LSU and SSU, and no base pair differences in the tub 2. The morphology of our strains resembles the species description of P. chinensis provided by Li et al. (2017), except for the appearance of the conidiophores and chlamydospores and the lack of budding conidia. Although our strains have shorter conidia compared to P. chinensis CBS 140326, the holotype isolated from skin lesions of a human chromoblastomycosis patient (2–5 × 1.6–3.9 μm vs 3–6 × 2.0–5.5 μm), the detail of other structures (i. e., collarette, conidiophore, conidiogenous cells and chlamydospores) was not mentioned. Hence, an updated morphology for the species P. chinensis is provided.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/32967B0DAB3F5325ABBD917294DD0695	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Senwanna, Chanokned;Kumla, Jaturong;Kodchasee, Pratthana;Duangkon, Nutchanan;Suwannarach, Nakarin	Senwanna, Chanokned, Kumla, Jaturong, Kodchasee, Pratthana, Duangkon, Nutchanan, Suwannarach, Nakarin (2025): Additions of New Endolichenic Fungi to Herpotrichiellaceae (Chaetothyriales, Ascomycota) from northern Thailand. MycoKeys 120: 193-229, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.120.153906
8CD131334FCA53A29B7C4643DE7A4941.text	8CD131334FCA53A29B7C4643DE7A4941.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Veronaea endolichena Senwanna, J. Kumla & N. Suwannar. 2025	<div><p>Veronaea endolichena Senwanna, J. Kumla &amp; N. Suwannar. sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 4</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Refers to the host substrate.</p><p>Type.</p><p>Thailand • Chiang Mai Province: Mueang Chiang Mai District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.94381&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.807499" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.94381/lat 18.807499)">Suthep Subdistrict</a>, endolichenic from the medulla of foliose lichen ( Parmotrema sp.) on unidentified tree trunk, 18°48'27"N, 98°56'37.7"E, elevation 343 m, 26 June 2023, C. Senwanna, CMUB 40068 (Holotype, preserved in a metabolically inactive state. Ex-type lliving culture LC 10-9-2 = SDBR-CMU 507) .</p><p>Cultural characteristics.</p><p>Colonies on different agar media were incubated in the dark at 25 ° C for 2 weeks; colonies flat, irregular, with edge entire, velvety; on PDA (63 to 67 mm in diameter) surface grayish brown, dark at the middle and margin, reverse olivaceous black; on MEA (42 to 59 mm in diameter) surface brownish gray, reverse olivaceous black, producing dark brown pigment in agar; on OA (57 to 60 mm in diameter) surface brownish gray, reverse olivaceous black; on PCA (61 to 63 mm in diameter) surface and reverse brownish gray, reverse olivaceous black, sporulation absent; on CMD (54 to 55 mm in diameter) surface and reverse grayish brown; and on CMA (51 to 58 mm in diameter) surface and reverse brownish gray, sporulation absent. Asexual morph in vitro dematiaceous hyphomycetes. Hyphae 1–3.8 µm wide, subhyaline to light brown, simple to branched, septate, smooth, thin-walled, coiling observed. Conidiophores (23 –) 38–200 (– 264) × 2.3–3.7 (– 4.9) µm (x ̄ = 118.6 × 3.1, n = 25), macronematous, mononematous, erect, straight or slightly flexuous, branched, septate, cylindrical, rough-, thick-walled, light to dark brown. Conidiogenous cells (7.5 –) 12–102 (– 136.5) × 2.1–3.5 (– 3.9) µm (x ̄ = 53.5 × 2.9, n = 30), integrated, polyblastic, terminal to mostly intercalary, cylindrical, pale brown to brown, fertile parts subhyaline, rachis with crowded, flat to slightly prominent, unthickened scars. Conidia (5 –) 6.5–11 (– 13.5) × 2.5–4 (– 4.6) µm (x ̄ = 8.5 × 3.3, n = 90), solitary, cylindrical to pyriform, rounded at apex, truncate at base, lower cell longer and wider than upper one, with a prominent scar, 0.8–1.9 µm wide, pale brown, without or one median septate, constricted at the septa, smooth-walled. Chlamydospores absent. Sexual morph unknown.</p><p>Cardinal temperatures for growth on MEA after two weeks</p><p>(mm). Optimum 25 ° C (35 to 40), maximum 30 ° C (20 to 21). No growth 4 ° C and 35 ° C.</p><p>Additional materials examined.</p><p>Thailand • Chiang Mai Province, Mueang Chiang Mai District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.94381&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.807499" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.94381/lat 18.807499)">Suthep Subdistrict</a>, endolichenic from the medulla of foliose lichen ( Parmotrema sp.) on unidentified tree trunk, 26 June 2023, 18°48'27"N, 98°56'37.7"E, elevation 343 m, C. Senwanna, living culture LC 10-2 = SDBR-CMU 508 and LC 10-12 = SDBR-CMU 509 .</p><p>Ecology and distribution.</p><p>Endolichenic fungi from the medulla of foliose lichen ( Parmotrema sp.) in Thailand.</p><p>Notes.</p><p>The closet match in a BLASTn search in GenBank with the ITS, LSU, and tub 2 sequence of V. endolichena had highest similarity to V. botryosa strain GZCC: 19-0557 (OP 377853, with 99.65 %, identities = 577 / 579, 2 gaps), strain CBS 127264 (MH 875936, with 100 %, identities = 908 / 908, no gap) and strain CBS 121506 (JN 112502, with 93.61 %, identities = 381 / 407, no gap), respectively. While the match using SSU sequence are Ex. yunnanensis (strain YMFT 1.06739; MZ 781222, holotype) with 99.72 % (identities = 1053 / 1056, no gap), Thysanorea amniculi (strain SGT 69-1; OP 378033, holotype) with 99.71 % (identities = 1019 / 1022, no gap) and Ex. aquamarine (strain IMP-BG-H 0001; MH 813287) with 99.63 % (identities = 1072 / 1076, no gap). Multigene phylogenetic analysis of the combined dataset revealed that three strains (SDBR-CMU 507, SDBR-CMU 508, and SDBR-CMU 509) of V. endolichena clustered as a sister taxon to V. botryosa; however, the ITS and tub 2 sequences of V. endolichena differ from V. botryose in 6 bp / 610 and 25 / 393 bp, respectively. Morphologically, V. endolichena differs from V. botryosa in longer conidiophores, the number of septa (0–1 vs 0–3 septa) and size of the conidial scar (0.8–1.6 vs 0.5 µm) (Table 2) (Arzanlou et al. 2007, Yang et al. 2023).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8CD131334FCA53A29B7C4643DE7A4941	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Senwanna, Chanokned;Kumla, Jaturong;Kodchasee, Pratthana;Duangkon, Nutchanan;Suwannarach, Nakarin	Senwanna, Chanokned, Kumla, Jaturong, Kodchasee, Pratthana, Duangkon, Nutchanan, Suwannarach, Nakarin (2025): Additions of New Endolichenic Fungi to Herpotrichiellaceae (Chaetothyriales, Ascomycota) from northern Thailand. MycoKeys 120: 193-229, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.120.153906
