identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
BA1387D8E32FFFBADD0F984EFC6D09F7.text	BA1387D8E32FFFBADD0F984EFC6D09F7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Curcuma corniculata Skornick. 2014	<div><p>Curcuma corniculata Škorničk., sp. nov. — Fig. 1</p><p>Similar to Curcuma glans K.Larsen &amp; Mood, but differs in the red corolla lobes (vs white or white with a reddish tinge),bright orange,diamond-shaped labellum with horn-like tips curving outwards (vs obovate white labellum with golden yellow median band and apex) and bright orange lateral staminodes with dark purple patch at the base (vs white lateral staminodes with purple base and golden yellow apex). — Type: Jana Leong-Škorničková, Tr ần Hṹu Đăng, Otakar Šída, Udone Souvannakhoummane &amp; Kittisack Phoutthavong JLS-1752 (holotype SING (incl. spirit); isotype E, HNL, P), Laos, Louangphrabang, Ban Long Lao Mai, 866 m asl, N19°45'16.6" E102°02'56.7", 20 June 2012.</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet ‘ corniculata ’ is derived from Latin and means small horns, in reference to the horn-like tips of the labellum.</p><p>Herb to 1 m tall. Rhizome ovoid, c. 1.5–3.5 by 0.8–1.5 cm, with thin branches (c. 3–6 mm diam), brown externally, light yellow internally, slightly aromatic; root tubers elliptic, 3–5.5 cm long, light brown externally, pure white internally with translucent white centre, distanced 5–15 cm from rhizome. Leafy shoot with 5–9 leaves when flowering; pseudostem to 35 cm long, green, composed of leaf sheaths; leafless sheaths perhaps two, decayed at anthesis; leaf sheaths green, puberulent; ligule 5–11 mm long, bilobed, hyaline, greenish white, translucent, puberulent; petiole 10–35 cm long (petiole of first leaf shortest, innermost leaves longer), canaliculate, green, shortly sparsely hairy; lamina broadly elliptic to elliptic-ovate, to 47 by 22 cm, prominently plicate, adaxially bright green, sparsely shortly hairy along main veins, abaxially lighter green, glabrous; midrib glabrous, green; base cordate; apex acute, c. 1–1.5 cm long, puberulent. Inflorescence lateral, many-flowered; peduncle 4 –15 cm long, to 1 cm diam, cream-white, with up to 5 sheathing bracts (mostly decayed, 1–8 cm long); spike 7–11 cm long, c. 4–6 cm diam in the middle, without coma; fertile bracts 20–30 per inflorescence, bract 3–6 by 1.2–3.3 cm (larger at the base of the inflorescence), ovate to trullate, smaller and ovate at the apex, whitish at base to light green at apex with various degrees of red tinge throughout the bract (resulting in light red to deep red bracts, colour varying within population), both surfaces shortly pubescent, connate in the lower 1/2 to 1/4; enclosing cincinnus with 3 flowers at the base of the inflorescence, 1–2 flowers at the top; bracteoles much reduced, one per flower, ovate, boat-shaped, c. 1–2.5 mm by c. 1 mm (outer ones larger, inner ones gradually smaller), hyaline, translucent white, glabrous. Flowers 6.5–8 cm, much exserted from the bracts; calyx to 21 mm long, 3-toothed, unilaterally split to c. 6–8 mm, translucent white or with slight red tinge at upper part, sparsely hairy or glabrous; floral tube c. 4–5.5 cm long, externally white at the base, with red tinge at the apex, densely puberulent, internally white, sparsely puberulent with dorsally placed groove holding the style; dorsal corolla lobe 22–27 by 7–9 mm, triangular ovate, concave, with sides rolled inwards, glabrous, red outside, light red to white inside, apex mucronate, mucro c. 2 mm, with a few short hairs; lateral corolla lobes 21–24 by 7–8 mm, triangular ovate with sides incurved, concave, glabrous, red outside, light red to white inside; labellum 23–25 by 16–20 mm, diamond-shaped, margins recurved, apex bifid with an incision up to 14 mm long and strongly recurved horn-like lobes, base of the labellum light orange with two orange lines in the centre and often with slight purple tinge laterally, middle and apex of the labellum light to deep orange at the margin, with deep orange band running through the centre (median band); lateral staminodes c. 22–24 by 8–10 mm, slightly rhomboid with sides flexing outwards, bright orange with 3–4 mm at base tinged dark purple (sometimes missing), sparse, short glandular hairs present on both surfaces. Stamen 18–20 mm; filament 8–9 mm long, white with purple tinge towards base, 2.5–3 mm broad at base, 1.5 mm broad at apex (the point of attachment to the connective), covered with dense, very short, glandular hairs; anther c. 13–15 mm long, spurred, connective light yellow to very light orange, densely covered with short glandular hairs; anther spurs c. 3 mm long, triangular with sharp tips, pointing outwards; anther crest thin, rounded, c. 1.5 mm long and c. 1 mm broad at base, orange; anther thecae 9 –11 mm long, dehiscing along their whole length. Epigynous glands 2, c. 4–6 mm long, 0.3–0.5 mm diam, cream-white. Style thin, white, glabrous, held in groove in dorsal side of floral tube; stigma c. 1 mm long, 0.8 mm wide, white, ostiole ciliate, facing upwards. Ovary 2–3 by 2–2.5 mm, trilocular, densely puberulent, hairs c. 0.2 mm long. Fruit a globose trilocular capsule, c. 1 cm diam, white, puberulous; seeds irregularly obovoid, 4–7 mm long, light brown, shiny, enclosed in translucent white, laciniate aril. Description based on living and spirit material of JLS-1752.</p><p>Distribution — Endemic to Laos, currently known only from the type locality.</p><p>Habitat &amp; Ecology — Growing in bamboo vegetation on limestone outcrops, at 800–900 m asl.</p><p>Phenology — Flowering in early rainy season, end May to July, flowers last a single day, open in the morning and closing in late afternoon. Fruiting June to July (August?).</p><p>Conservation status — Specimen records exist so far only from the type locality. Local people who were interviewed and shown images of this species, reported that it occurs in various areas adjacent to Louangphrabang. The number and size of the populations are, however, not yet exactly known. Most Curcuma species in subg. Ecomata, especially those allied to C. bicolor Mood &amp; K.Larsen, where this species belongs, tend to be fairly restricted in their distribution. Accordingly, we estimate that the extent of occurrence is less than 20 000 km 2. The type population is not in a protected area and is used for cultivation of maize ( Zea mays L.), groundnuts ( Arachis hypogaea L.) and other crops, therefore continuing decline in area, extent and quality of habitat can be foreseen. Category Vulnerable VU B1ab(iii) is, with caution, proposed here. Further exploration of the region is needed as this species may be Endangered or Critically Endangered soon.</p><p>Notes — Curcuma corniculata belongs to the recently established subg. Ecomata (Záveská et al. 2012) . The two most closely related species in this subgenus are C. glans and C. bicolor . It may be fairly difficult to determine dried herbarium specimens but there is no confusion when living, flowering material is available (see Mood &amp; Larsen 2001) or when there are appropriate notes or photographs accompanying specimens. Also, if a spirit specimen is present, confusion is not likely. Among these species, C. corniculata can be readily recognised by its bifid labellum, with the two strongly reflexed horn-like lobes.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BA1387D8E32FFFBADD0F984EFC6D09F7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Phathavong, K.	Phathavong, K. (2014): Three new ginger species (Zingiberaceae) from Laos. Blumea 59 (2): 106-112, DOI: 10.3767/000651914X685221, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651914x685221
BA1387D8E32DFFBCDD0F9AADFDE40E05.text	BA1387D8E32DFFBCDD0F9AADFDE40E05.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Curcuma flammea Skornick. 2014	<div><p>Curcuma flammea Škorničk., sp. nov. — Fig. 2</p><p>Similar to Curcuma bicolor Mood &amp; K.Larsen, but differs in inflorescence with longer peduncles to 13 cm long (vs almost sessile inflorescence with peduncle c. 1.5 cm long), bracts white,pink to dark red (vs light green bracts with more or less reddish tinge and prominent veins), bright orange labellum with various degree of red ornamentation (vs mostly yellow-orange labellum with reddish to purple margins). — Type: Jana Leong-Škorničková, Tr ần Hṹu Đăng, Somsanith Bouamanivong, Khantheo Santhammavong, Udone Souvannakhoummane, Kittisack Phoutthavong JLS-1777 (holotype SING (incl. spirit); isotype E, HNL, P), Laos, Vientiane Prov., Vang Vieng Dist., Ban Phou Din Deng, 467 m asl, N18°57'43.2" E102°26'09.9", 23 June 2012.</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet is Latin for fiery or flaming. It is given on account of the bright orange-red colours of the flowers and bracts, which resemble flames on the forest floor when in full bloom.</p><p>Herb to 70 cm tall. Rhizome ovoid, c. 1–1.5 by 0.8–1.2 cm, with thin branches c. 3–6 mm diam, brown externally, light yellow internally, slightly aromatic with bitter smell; root tubers elliptic, c. 3.5 by 2 cm, light brown externally, pure white internally with translucent white centre, distanced 5–15 cm from rhizome. Leafy shoot to 90 cm long with 1–5 leaves when flowering; pseudostem to 30 cm long, composed of leaf sheaths; leafless sheaths decayed at anthesis; leaf sheaths white green or with pink tinge at base turning green towards the apex, densely puberulent; ligule 3–5 mm long, bilobed, lobes round, hyaline, greenish white, translucent, hairy; petiole 6–27 cm long (petiole of first leaf shortest, innermost leaves longer), canaliculate, green, densely puberulent; lamina elliptic, broadly elliptic to elliptic-ovate, to 36 by 17 cm, prominently plicate, adaxially bright green, shortly hairy along main veins, abaxially lighter green, shortly puberulent; midrib glabrous, green; base cordate; apex acute, c. 5–10 mm long. Inflorescence central (often breaking through the pseudostem) or rarely lateral (both can occur on the same plant), many-flowered; peduncle 3–13 cm long, to 7 mm diam, cream-white; spike 4–9 cm long, c. 3 cm diam in the middle, without coma; fertile bracts 7–24 per inflorescence, 3–6 by 1.2–3.3 cm (larger at the base of the inflorescence), ovate to trullate, smaller and ovate at the apex, whitish to light green at base with various degree of red tinge throughout the bract (resulting in very light pink, light red to deep red bracts; the colour of the bracts is consistent within a spike, but varies within a population), very sparsely puberulent outside, glabrous inside, connate in the lower 1/2 to 1/3; enclosing cincinni with 3 flowers at the base of the inflorescence, 1–2 flowers at the top; bracteoles strongly reduced, one per flower, ovate, boat-shaped, c. 1–2 by c. 1 mm (outer ones larger, inner ones gradually smaller or totally absent), hyaline, translucent white, glabrous. Flowers 6.5–7.5 cm, much exserted from the bracts; calyx to 22 mm long, 3-toothed, unilaterally split c. 8–10 mm, translucent white with more or less red tinge especially distally, sparsely puberulent; floral tube c. 4–5 cm long, externally white at the base, with rich red tinge at the apex, densely puberulent, internally white to very light orange, puberulent with dorsally placed groove holding the style; dorsal corolla lobe 22– 25 by 9 –11 mm, triangular ovate, concave, with sides rolled inwards, glabrous, red outside, light red inside, apex mucronate, mucro c. 2 mm; lateral corolla lobes 20–21 by 8–9 mm, triangular ovate with sides rolled inwards, concave, glabrous, red on outside, light red on inside; labellum 21–25 mm long, 7–9 mm broad at basal 1/3, then diamond-shaped in distal 2/3, c. 16–21 mm at widest point, apex bifid with an incision to 8 mm long, base of the labellum light orange with dark red lines, middle and apical part of the labellum orange at apex and margin, with dark red tinge towards the lower part, with deep orange band marked with dark red line on the outside running through the centre (median band); lateral staminodes 20–22 by 10–13 mm, rhomboid, bright red in basal half, orange at apex, glabrous outside, with short glandular hairs present on the middle part facing the centre of the flower. Stamen 16–17 mm long; filament 7–8 mm long, orange with red tinge, 4 mm broad at base, 2 mm broad at apex (the point of attachment to the connective), covered with glandular hairs; anther c. 14 mm long, spurred, connective light orange, densely covered with short glandular hairs; anther spurs 3–4 mm long, narrowly triangular with sharp tips pointing outwards; anther crest thick, rounded, c. 1.5 mm long and c. 2 mm broad at base, orange; anther thecae 9 –10 mm, dehiscing along their entire length. Epigynous glands 2, c. 5–6 mm long, c. 0.6 mm diam, light yellow at base, darker at apex. Style thin, white, glabrous, placed in a groove in dorsal side of floral tube; stigma c. 1.5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, white, ostiole ciliate, facing upwards. Ovary 2–3 by 2–2.5 mm, trilocular, densely hairy, hairs c. 0.2 mm long. Fruits not seen. Description based on living and spirit material of Leong-Škorničková et al. JLS-1777.</p><p>Distribution — Currently known only from the type locality.</p><p>Habitat &amp; Ecology — Growing on steep limestone slopes covered with primary dipterocarp forest at 400–500 m asl.</p><p>Phenology — Flowering in the early rainy season, end May to July, flowers last a single day, open in the morning and closing in late afternoon. Fruiting June to July (August?).</p><p>Conservation status — Specimen records exist so far only from the type locality. Most Curcuma species in subg. Ecomata, especially from the alliance of C. bicolor, where this species belongs, tend to be fairly restricted in distribution. Accordingly, we estimate that the extent of occurrence is less than 20 000 km 2. While the habitat of this species is unsuitable for fast agricultural exploitation, the fact that Vang Vieng is a popular tourist destination and the type population is not in a protected area, continuing decline in area, extent and quality of habitat can be foreseen. Category Vulnerable VU B1ab(iii) is therefore proposed here. Further exploration of the area around Vang Vieng is needed to understand the situation better and amend the conservation status.</p><p>Notes — Curcuma flammea also belongs to subg. Ecomata . Morphologically, the most similar species are C. bicolor and C. rhomba Mood &amp; K.Larsen. Preliminary molecular analyses of subg. Ecomata (Záveská et al. unpubl.) suggest that C. flammea is closer to C. bicolor than to C. rhomba .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BA1387D8E32DFFBCDD0F9AADFDE40E05	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Phathavong, K.	Phathavong, K. (2014): Three new ginger species (Zingiberaceae) from Laos. Blumea 59 (2): 106-112, DOI: 10.3767/000651914X685221, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651914x685221
BA1387D8E32BFFBEDE409DFEFF6F095A.text	BA1387D8E32BFFBEDE409DFEFF6F095A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zingiber jiewhoei Skornick. 2014	<div><p>Zingiber jiewhoei Škorničk. sp. nov. — Fig. 3</p><p>Similar to Zingiber peninsulare Theilade, but differs in cream-white labellum and cream-white staminodes with dense, bright, purple-violet blotches (vs labellum and staminodes dark purple with white spots). — Type: Jana Leong-Škorničková, Tr ần Hṹu Đăng, Somsanith Bouamanivong, Khantheo Santhammavong, Udone Souvannakhoummane, Kittisack Phoutthavong JLS-1807 (holotype SING (incl. spirit); isotype E, HNL), Laos, Vientiane Prov., Vang Vieng Dist., Kaeng Nyui waterfall, 370 m asl, N18°57'21.5" E102°29'45.5", 25 June 2012.</p><p>Etymology. We name this beautiful species in honour of Mr.Tan Jiew Hoe, President of the Singapore Gardening Society, for his continuous contribu- tions towards ginger research at Singapore Botanic Gardens and generous support of plant taxonomy in Laos.</p><p>Rhizomatous,clump-forming herb. Rhizome 1–3cm diam,branch- ed, 1–3 cm between leafy shoots arising from the same rhizome, externally pinkish (young rhizomes) to light brown (older rhizomes), internally purple, smelling strongly of lemongrass, scales broadly triangular, soon decaying. Leafy shoot to 2.5 m long, arching, with up to 42 leaves, base swollen to 3 cm diam, pink-red, basal 1/2 to 1/3 of pseudostem leafless, sheathed by numerous (c. 13) leafless sheaths; leafless sheaths dark green with faint, dark red-brown tinge towards base; leaf sheaths green, glabrous at base, pubescent towards the ligule; ligule to 9 mm long, shallowly bilobed, green, pubescent when young, glabrescent in old pseudostems; petiole reduced to a pulvinus (to 5 mm long); lamina to 30 × 8 cm (gradually smaller towards apex of leafy shoot), narrowly ovate (lanceolate), gradually tapering to attenuate apex, base rounded, adaxially glossy green, glabrous, abaxially lighter green and sparsely villose. Inflorescence radical, on erect peduncle to 16 cm long sheathed by 4–8 sterile bracts; spike 9–18 by 4–5 cm, fusiform, with up to 50 bracts; bracts obovate, to 4.7 by 2.7 cm (smaller towards apex of inflorescence), apex broadly acute, externally bright red, whitish towards base, internally whitish except red margins, glabrous and glossy both sides, enclosing a single flower; bracteole to 4 cm long, 15 mm broad at widest point, narrowly ovate, translucent white with apex tinged red, glabrous throughout. Flowers 7–9 cm long; calyx c. 21 mm long, translucent white, glabrous, with three inconspicuous, reddish teeth at apex, with unilateral incision c. 10 mm; floral tube c. 42 mm long, white towards base, cream-yellow towards apex, externally glabrous, internally shortly puberulous at apex; dorsal corolla lobe narrowly ovate-triangular, to 40 mm long, c. 11 mm broad at widest point, semi-translucent light yellow, glabrous throughout, apex mucronate, mucro &lt;1 mm; lateral corolla lobes narrowly ovate-triangular, to 35 mm long, 5–6 mm broad at widest point, semi-translucent light yellow, glabrous throughout, apex acute; labellum c. 30 mm long, c. 16 mm wide (c. 28 mm including the staminodes), ovate, cream-white; lateral staminodes 16–20 mm long, c. 7 mm broad, more or less elliptic, connate to the labellum by basal 2/3, cream-white with dense bright purple-violet blotches. Stamen 25 mm long; filament reduced to &lt;1 mm; anther c. 25 mm long (crest not straightened), c. 4 mm broad, connective tissue cream-white with pink tinge, glabrous; anther crest c. 20 mm long (straightened), wrapped around stigma, white, glabrous; anther thecae c. 14 mm long, dehiscing along their entire length. Epigynous glands 2, c. 5 mm long, c. 0.75 mm diam, ochraceous. Style white, glabrous; stigma 2–3 mm long, slightly thicker than style, white, ostiole facing downwards (towards the labellum), ciliate. Ovary 4.5 by 3 mm, white, glabrous, trilocular with central pla- centation. Fruit (young fruit, perhaps immature) ovoid or slightly trigonal capsule, 2.3 by 1.1 cm, white, glabrous; seeds c. 8 by 3 mm, dark maroon, enclosed in translucent white, irregularly laciniate aril. Description based on living and spirit material of Leong-Škorničková et al. JLS-1807.</p><p>Distribution — Currently known only from the type locality.</p><p>Habitat &amp; Ecology — Growing near streams in lowland deciduous forest.</p><p>Phenology — Flowering in the early rainy season, June to July, flowers open in the afternoon, around 3 pm and close the next morning. Fruiting occurs at the end of June to August.</p><p>Conservation status — Specimen records exist so far only from the type locality. Accordingly, we conclude that the extent of occurrence is less than 20 000 km 2. The type locality is a popular tourist destination and the type population is not in a protected area, continuing decline in area, extent and quality of habitat can be foreseen. Category Vulnerable VU B1 a,b(iii) is therefore proposed here. Further exploration of the area around Vang Vieng is needed to understand the situation better and to amend the conservation status .</p><p>Notes — By its fusiform inflorescences and bright red bracts,</p><p>Z. jiewhoei resembles Z. peninsulare and Z. newmanii Theilade but it can be readily recognised by its cream-white labellum and cream-white staminodes with dense bright purple-violet blotches (vs labellum and staminodes with dense dark-maroon blotches).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BA1387D8E32BFFBEDE409DFEFF6F095A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Phathavong, K.	Phathavong, K. (2014): Three new ginger species (Zingiberaceae) from Laos. Blumea 59 (2): 106-112, DOI: 10.3767/000651914X685221, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651914x685221
