identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
B92087FF6C0BFFC9FF4E99D0FA0CF8BC.text	B92087FF6C0BFFC9FF4E99D0FA0CF8BC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Osmanthus Loureiro 1790	<div><p>Key to the species of Osmanthus in Vietnam</p><p>1. Calyx 3–4 mm long; corolla tube longer than lobes, 6–9 mm long .................................................. O. suavis (sect. Siphosmanthus)</p><p>- Calyx 1–1.5 mm long; corolla tube shorter than lobes, 0.25–2.5 mm long .......................................................................................2</p><p>2. Leaf blade (4)7–11(15) × (1)2–4(5) cm; inflorescence many-flowered (with 9–18 flowers); style 0.5 mm long, stigma bilobed ..... ............................................................................................................................................................. O. fragrans (sect. Osmanthus)</p><p>- Leaf blade 3–19 × 1–6 cm; inflorescence several-flowered (with 5–8(12) flowers); style 1.5–2 mm long, stigma capitate and sometimes slightly bilobed .................................................................................................................................................................3</p><p>3. Petiole puberulous at least when young; leaf blade glabrous with midrib puberulous adaxially especially at base, ovate to elliptic or rarely obovate, 3–7 × 1–3 cm, margin entire or with up to 3(5) large strong spiny teeth per side, teeth 3–11 mm long ................ ..................................................................................................................................................... O. heterophyllus (sect. Osmanthus)</p><p>- Petiole glabrous or rarely hairy; leaf blade entirely glabrous, ovate-lanceolate, 5–19 × 2–6 cm, margin entire or spinose dentate with ca. 20–30 teeth per side, teeth 2–3 mm long.......................................................................... O. yunnanensis (sect. Ciliatorum)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B92087FF6C0BFFC9FF4E99D0FA0CF8BC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Diep, Tran Thi Ngoc;Doan, Ha Thi Thanh;Quang, Bui Hong;Averyanov, Leonid V.;Lyskov, Dmitry F.;Samigullin, Tahir H.;Sennikov, Alexander N.;Nuraliev, Maxim S.	Diep, Tran Thi Ngoc, Doan, Ha Thi Thanh, Quang, Bui Hong, Averyanov, Leonid V., Lyskov, Dmitry F., Samigullin, Tahir H., Sennikov, Alexander N., Nuraliev, Maxim S. (2025): An overview of the genus Osmanthus (Oleaceae) in Vietnam, with two new records and lectotypifications. Phytotaxa 684 (1): 33-54, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.684.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.684.1.2
B92087FF6C0BFFCDFF4E9B79FCA6FE22.text	B92087FF6C0BFFCDFF4E9B79FCA6FE22.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Osmanthus fragrans Loureiro 1790	<div><p>1. Osmanthus fragrans Loureiro (1790: 29) (Figs. 2, 3)</p><p>References: — Spach (1839: 268), Clarke (1882: 606), Gagnepain (1933: 1062), Handel-Mazzetti (1936: 1005), Green (1958: 484, 2000: 279, Fig. 13, 2003: 265), Pai (1986: 624), Lu (1992: 107, Pl. 29 Fig. 4–6), Yamazaki (1993: 130), Chang et al. (1996: 292, Fig. 249 (4–6)), Ho (2003: 890), Ly (2003: 1168), Xiang &amp; Ji (2004: 48).</p><p>LECTOTYPE (designated by Green (1958: 490)):—[VIETNAM.] Cochinchina, J. Loureiro s.n. (BM: BM000997627!).</p><p>Image of lectotype available at: https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/1f70dcc8-24da-467b-b7e5-0d3c9e8924a5</p><p>Lists of synonyms are given by Green (1958), Lu (1992), Yamazaki (1993), Chang et al. (1996) and Xiang &amp; Ji (2004). Green (1958) provided an extensive discussion on some of the synonyms.</p><p>Nomenclatural notes: — Bui (2016) erroneously indicated the presence of the syntypes of O. fragrans at K and P. The material studied by him is here proved to represent the syntypes of Olea acuminata Wall. ex Don (1837: 49), a heterotypic synonym of O. fragrans .</p><p>Taxonomic notes: —It is remarkable that the specimen Bui, Tran Quang-Osmanthus assigned here to O. fragrans on the basis of morphological and molecular evidence was collected at the same locality as the specimen Bui 100 identified as O. yunnanensis . Although these two specimens are superficially similar, O. fragrans and O. yunnanensis distinctly differ in the gynoecium structure (see a note under the latter species). The gynoecium features were crucial for identification of Bui 100, whereas Bui, Tran Quang-Osmanthus is apparently a male individual to which the gynoecium comparison cannot be applied. Apparently, similar-looking species of Osmanthus co-occur with each other in some habitats, which should be taked into account during floristic assessments. We argue that each individual should be processed (numbered) separately and carefully investigated, in order to avoid mixed gatherings.</p><p>Notes on ecology: —In Phia Oac-Phia Den National Park, the population of O. fragrans (represented by the specimen Nuraliev 2302) is of special environmental importance, since it is a dominant tree species in wet mossy forest that covers the Phia Oac summit area. In this area, numerous old thick-boled individuals of the species were observed.</p><p>Additional specimens examined:— VIETNAM. Lao Cai Province: Sa Pa District, Hoang Lien National Park, N 22°19'14.5'' E 103°46'15.6'', elev. 2617 m, 31August 2022, H. Q. Bui, D. B. Tran Quang-Osmanthus (HN: HN000076378; MW: MW1046195, MW1046196) ; Cao Bang Province: Nguyen Binh District, Phia Oac-Phia Den National Park, 11 km WSW of Nguyen Binh town, near road to Phia Oac summit, wet mossy forest, N 22°36’48’’ E 105°51’59’’, elev. 1840 m, 11 October 2018, M. S. Nuraliev 2302 (HN: HN000076377; MW: MW0756075, MW0756076) .</p><p>Distribution:— Pakistan, India, Nepal, Japan, China, Taiwan, Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam. Native distribution is somewhat unclear due to extensive cultivation: in partucular, the presence of natural populations in Japan and China is questionable (Green 2000).</p><p>Ecology and habitat: —Moss forests in mountains.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B92087FF6C0BFFCDFF4E9B79FCA6FE22	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Diep, Tran Thi Ngoc;Doan, Ha Thi Thanh;Quang, Bui Hong;Averyanov, Leonid V.;Lyskov, Dmitry F.;Samigullin, Tahir H.;Sennikov, Alexander N.;Nuraliev, Maxim S.	Diep, Tran Thi Ngoc, Doan, Ha Thi Thanh, Quang, Bui Hong, Averyanov, Leonid V., Lyskov, Dmitry F., Samigullin, Tahir H., Sennikov, Alexander N., Nuraliev, Maxim S. (2025): An overview of the genus Osmanthus (Oleaceae) in Vietnam, with two new records and lectotypifications. Phytotaxa 684 (1): 33-54, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.684.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.684.1.2
B92087FF6C0FFFC0FF4E9DFAFE84FE22.text	B92087FF6C0FFFC0FF4E9DFAFE84FE22.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Osmanthus heterophyllus (G. Don 1832) P. S. Green 1958	<div><p>2. Osmanthus heterophyllus (G.Don) Green (1958: 508) (Figs. 4, 5)</p><p>References: — Lu (1992: 96, Pl. 27 Fig. 1), Yamazaki (1993: 130), Chang et al. (1996: 288, Fig. 245 (1, 2)), Yang &amp; Lu (1998: 141), Xiang &amp; Ji (2004: 51).</p><p>Basionym: — Ilex heterophylla Don (1832: 17) .</p><p>LECTOTYPE (designated by Green (1958: 511)):—[JAPAN.] Living plants sent by P. F. B. von Siebold from Japan to Java and cultivated in Hortus Bogoriensis, herbarium specimen prepared by C. L. Blume (L).</p><p>The full list of synonyms is given by Lu (1992), Yamazaki (1993), Chang et al. (1996) and Xiang &amp; Ji (2004). Green (1958) provided an extensive discussion on some of the synonyms.</p><p>Description:—Shrubs or small trees 1–8(15) m high, bark smooth, pale, branches puberulous when young. Leaves opposite; petiole puberulous at least when young, 4–14 mm long; blade thick coriaceous, glabrous with midrib puberulous adaxially especially at base, generally punctate, ovate to elliptic or rarely obovate, 3–7 cm long, 1–3 cm wide, margin thickened, entire or with up to 3(5) large strong spiny teeth per side, teeth 3–11 mm long, apex acute and usually aristate, base cuneate or broadly cuneate and slightly decurrent into petiole; secondary veins 4–7 per side, reticulate venation more or less visible above and below. Inflorescence axillary, fasciculate, of 1–2 cymes with 5–8 flowers per cyme. Bracts 2–3 mm long, slightly puberulous towards apex or entirely glabrous. Flowers fragrant. Pedicel 3–8 mm long, glabrous or rarely slightly puberulous. Calyx 1.0– 1.5 mm long, with 4 somewhat irregular tooth-like lobes; lobes often slightly erose. Corolla white; tube 1.0–2.0 mm long; lobes 4, 2.5–5.0 mm long. Stamens 2, attached at middle or in lower half of corolla tube; filaments 1.5–3.0 mm long; anthers 1.5–2.5 mm long, about twice as long as broad, with terminal appendage of connective (i.e., supraconnective). Gynoecium 3–4 mm long; ovary superior; style 2 mm long with slightly bilobed capitate stigma. Fruit a drupe, dark purple, ovoid, ca. 15 mm long, ca. 10 mm in diameter; stone slightly obliquely ellipsoid.</p><p>Nomenclatural notes: — Don (1832) published the species name Ilex heterophylla based on the description and material of " Ilex aquifolium var. heterophylla Ait. ?" in Blume (1826). Green (1958) indicated that the holotype of Ilex heterophylla is a specimen at L collected from a plant cultivated by Blume in the Bogor Botanical Gardens. However, the original material of this species name also includes herbarium specimens sent from Japan to Java (along with the living material) by P.F.B. von Siebold (e.g. L: L0420196), which were identified by Siebold as " Ilex aquifolium var. heterophylla Pers. " in agreement with Blume (1826). This means that the indication of the " holotype " by Green (1958) is inadvertent lectotypification.</p><p>Taxonomic notes:— The collection studied here demonstrates intermediate morphology between O. heterophyllus and O. fragrans . Its inflorescence bracts are slightly shortly hairy outside and sparsely hairy inside, which conforms O. heterophyllus, whereas O. fragrans is characterized by glabrous bracts. The leaf blades are up to 4.8 cm long and up to 1.8 cm wide, which fits O. heterophyllus well, although such small blades were also rarely recorded in O. fragrans . However, the leaves (including petioles and blades) are glabrous, pointing to O. fragrans, whereas O. heterophyllus is known to have puberulous petioles (but sometimes glabrescent with age) and adaxially puberulous midrib. Finally, the studied collection shows the style about 1 mm long, which is deeply divided into 2 subulate stigma lobes, in contrast to the style of O. heterophyllus described as being 2 mm long and bearing a capitate stigma; on the other hand, the gynoecium morphology is insufficiently documented in some species of Osmanthus, and it is not described for O. heterophyllus by e.g. Chang et al. (1996). In particular, there is a possibility that the studied flowers lack a capitate stigma because they are male, i.e. their gynoecia are pistillodes (cf. Chang et al. 1996: Fig. 245-2); the pistillodes apparently bear no significance for the species discrimination in Osmanthus . Taking these considerations into account (and especially the size of leaf blades), we believe that O. heterophyllus is the most plausible identification for the collection in question.</p><p>In addition, Xu et al. (2007) pointed out that among the 19 species of Osmanthus studied by them only O. heterophyllus is characterized by leaves with a marginal vein. The Vietnamese collection indeed shows a presence of a marginal vein at least in some cases.</p><p>The Vietnamese population belongs to the type variety of O. heterophyllus, which is known to have the same distribution area as the entire genus. The second accepted variety, O. heterophyllus var. bibracteatus (Hayata 1920: 71) Green (1958: 516), is endemic to Taiwan (Green 1958, Chang et al. 1996).</p><p>Specimens examined:— VIETNAM. Thanh Hoa Province: Ba Thuoc District, Co Lung Municilality, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.230835&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.435" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.230835/lat 20.435)">Eo Dieu village</a>, primary evergreen seasonal broad-leaved closed submontane forest on top of rocky ridge composed with crystalline marble-like highly eroded limestone, around point 20°26'06''N, 105°13'51''E, 900–1000 m, 25 September 2003, L. Averyanov, D. T. Doan, J. Regalado, N. T. Vinh HAL 3478 (HN: HN000070397; MW: MW1046193) .</p><p>Distribution:— Japan, Taiwan, Vietnam (Thanh Hoa) (Fig. 6).</p><p>Ecology and habitat:— In Vietnam, O. heterophyllus grows in forests at elevations of 900–1000 m a.s.l. Flowering in September.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B92087FF6C0FFFC0FF4E9DFAFE84FE22	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Diep, Tran Thi Ngoc;Doan, Ha Thi Thanh;Quang, Bui Hong;Averyanov, Leonid V.;Lyskov, Dmitry F.;Samigullin, Tahir H.;Sennikov, Alexander N.;Nuraliev, Maxim S.	Diep, Tran Thi Ngoc, Doan, Ha Thi Thanh, Quang, Bui Hong, Averyanov, Leonid V., Lyskov, Dmitry F., Samigullin, Tahir H., Sennikov, Alexander N., Nuraliev, Maxim S. (2025): An overview of the genus Osmanthus (Oleaceae) in Vietnam, with two new records and lectotypifications. Phytotaxa 684 (1): 33-54, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.684.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.684.1.2
B92087FF6C02FFC7FF4E9B7FFDAEFAA6.text	B92087FF6C02FFC7FF4E9B7FFDAEFAA6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Osmanthus suavis King ex C. B. Clarke 1882	<div><p>3. Osmanthus suavis King ex Clarke (1882: 607) (Figs. 7, 8)</p><p>References: — Green (1958: 530, 2003: 266), Pai (1986: 626), Lu (1992: 109, Pl. 30 Fig. 1, 2), Chang et al. (1996: 290, Fig. 243 (1, 2)), Xiang &amp; Ji (2004: 54), Bui (2016: 402, Fig. 2).</p><p>LECTOTYPE (K, first-step lectotype designated by Green (1958: 531); second-step lectotype designated by Green (2003: 266)):— BHUTAN. Descent on the way from Chindupjee to Rydang, 8400–8500 ft (ca. 2600 m), 26 March 1838, W. Griffith 785 (Herb. East India Company 2324; Herb. late East India Company 3691) (K: K000978702!; isolectotypes: GH: 00112533!; K: K000978705!).</p><p>Nomenclatural notes: —In the original description of Osmanthus suavis, Clarke (1882) cited two gatherings, one made by Hooker and King from “ Sikkim and East Nipal” and the other by Griffith from “Bhotan”. These collections should be treated as syntypes following Art. 9.6 of the Shenzhen Code (Turland et al. 2018). Clarke has not indicated collector’s numbers of these gatherings; he also provided no further details for the Griffith’s collection. At the same time, he cited an entry of “ Olea sp. ” listed by Griffith (1848: 156) under the number 785 as belonging to this species.</p><p>Green (1958) indicated the type of O. suavis as follows: " Bhutan. Descent to Rydang, 2600 m., 1838, W. Griffith s.n. (holo. K)", which appears to fulfill the conditions of lectotypification because a single gathering was indicated (Art. 7.11 of ICN, Turland et al. 2018). This citation of the locality data was not present on the specimen labels but apparently derived from the published diaries of Griffith (1848, under the number 785 and the name “ Olea ”): “Descent to Rydang. Alt. 8500 ft. ”. In addition, from the travelogue (Griffith 1847: 276), it is evident that Griffith collected his “ Olea ” on 26 March 1838 on his way from “Chindupjee” to “Rydang", on descent from the 10000 feet summit, at the elevation of 8400 ft (whish is likely to be close to the point 27.41°N, 89.63°E according to the map in the same work). Therefore, Green (1958) actually cited the gathering Griffith 785 (which was initially included in the species protologue). It is most likely that Green has not cited the collector’s number for the reason of its absence on the herbarium sheet studied by him (see below).</p><p>Among the K collections, we have found two Griffith’s specimens of O. suavis . One of them (K000978702) contains the collection data as "Bootan, Griffith, E.I.C." and a number of the first specimen distribution from the East India Company as 2324; it lacks a direct evidence of being a part of the gathering 785, but likely belongs to it according to the available information (the history and nomenclatural relevance of specimen distributions by the East India Company is explained elsewhere: Sokoloff et al. 2023). The second specimen at K (K000978705) is originally labelled by Griffith as " Olea 785 " with a curatorial inscription reading "of Bhotan" and also bears a label with a number of the second distribution from the late East India Company as 3691 and years of distribution 1862–1863. An identical distribution label is present on a specimen at GH (00112533), which is therefore also a duplicate of Griffith 785. As soon as there are two duplicates at K, Green’s choice (1958) was the first-step for lectotypification (Art. 9.17).</p><p>After 45 years, Green (2003) revised the typification of O. suavis in the following way: " lectotype Griffith 2324 K, here selected". By indicating the specimen distribution number, he has explicitly referred to the duplicate K000978702 of Griffith 785, and designated the lectotype in the second step.</p><p>Additional specimens examined:— VIETNAM. Lao Cai Province: Van Ban District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.21083&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.954168" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.21083/lat 21.954168)">Khanh Yen Ha</a> municipality, to the SW of Na Nheo village (in the vicinity of point 21°57'15''N, 104°12'39''E), primary broad-leaved evergreen montane forest along tops of granite/quartzite ridge at elev. 2650 m a.s.l., flowers white, strong very pleasant fragrant, 20 March 2002, L. Averyanov, P. K. Loc, D. T. Doan HAL 2575 (HN: HN000076375; LE: LE01058581) ; Thanh Hoa Province: Quan Hoa District, Phu Son Municipality, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.93461&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.386528" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.93461/lat 20.386528)">Khoa village</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.93461&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.386528" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.93461/lat 20.386528)">Pu Hu Nature Reserve</a>, around point 20°23'11.5''N, 104°56'04.6''E, elev. 253 m, 16 June 2016, B. H. Quang, V. T. Chinh, D. H. Son, T. D. Binh No. QUANG 86 (HN: HN000076376) .</p><p>Distribution:— India, Nepal, Bhutan, China (Tibet, Yunnan), Myanmar, Vietnam (Lao Cai, Thanh Hoa).</p><p>Ecology and habitat:— In Vietnam, O. suavis grows in broad-leaved evergreen forests at elevations of 250–2650 m a.s.l. Flowering in March–June.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B92087FF6C02FFC7FF4E9B7FFDAEFAA6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Diep, Tran Thi Ngoc;Doan, Ha Thi Thanh;Quang, Bui Hong;Averyanov, Leonid V.;Lyskov, Dmitry F.;Samigullin, Tahir H.;Sennikov, Alexander N.;Nuraliev, Maxim S.	Diep, Tran Thi Ngoc, Doan, Ha Thi Thanh, Quang, Bui Hong, Averyanov, Leonid V., Lyskov, Dmitry F., Samigullin, Tahir H., Sennikov, Alexander N., Nuraliev, Maxim S. (2025): An overview of the genus Osmanthus (Oleaceae) in Vietnam, with two new records and lectotypifications. Phytotaxa 684 (1): 33-54, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.684.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.684.1.2
B92087FF6C05FFC7FF4E9906FC32F976.text	B92087FF6C05FFC7FF4E9906FC32F976.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Osmanthus yunnanensis (Franch.) P. S. Green 1958	<div><p>4. Osmanthus yunnanensis (Franch.) Green (1958: 495) (Figs. 9, 10)</p><p>References: — Pai (1986: 622), Lu (1992: 101, Pl. 28 Fig. 2–4), Chang et al. (1996: 287, Fig. 246 (2–4)), Ji &amp; Xiang (2004: 42, 2007: 245), Xiang &amp; Ji (2004: 49).</p><p>Basionym: — Pittosporum yunnanense Franchet (1886a: 415) .</p><p>TYPE: — CHINA. [Yunnan]: Ho Kin, les bois dans les gorges de San Tchang Kiou, 2200 m, 22 May 1884, J. M. Delavay 780 (lectotype: P, first-step lectotype designated by Green (1958: 496), second-step lectotype designated here: P: P00640694!; isolectotypes: A: 00075153!; P: P00698026!) .</p><p>Images of lectotype and isolectotypes available at http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00640694, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00698026, https://kiki.huh.harvard.edu/databases/specimen_search.php?barcode=00075153.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B92087FF6C05FFC7FF4E9906FC32F976	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Diep, Tran Thi Ngoc;Doan, Ha Thi Thanh;Quang, Bui Hong;Averyanov, Leonid V.;Lyskov, Dmitry F.;Samigullin, Tahir H.;Sennikov, Alexander N.;Nuraliev, Maxim S.	Diep, Tran Thi Ngoc, Doan, Ha Thi Thanh, Quang, Bui Hong, Averyanov, Leonid V., Lyskov, Dmitry F., Samigullin, Tahir H., Sennikov, Alexander N., Nuraliev, Maxim S. (2025): An overview of the genus Osmanthus (Oleaceae) in Vietnam, with two new records and lectotypifications. Phytotaxa 684 (1): 33-54, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.684.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.684.1.2
