identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
CC2F5616FF80FFD384E8FF13561DFEF8.text	CC2F5616FF80FFD384E8FF13561DFEF8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chrysobalanus	<div><p>1. Chrysobalanus L., Sp. Pl. 1: 513. 1753.</p><p>The genus Chrysobalanus comprises three species, two of which occur in Brazil (Prance &amp;</p><p>Sothers 2003a). Chrysobalanus icaco L. is the only species recorded in EspÍrito Santo state.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC2F5616FF80FFD384E8FF13561DFEF8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Barros, Natália;Menezes, Luis Fernando Tavares de;Sothers, Cynthia;Peixoto, Ariane Luna	Barros, Natália, Menezes, Luis Fernando Tavares de, Sothers, Cynthia, Peixoto, Ariane Luna (2025): Flora of Espírito Santo: Chrysobalanaceae. Rodriguesia (e 00872024) 76: 1-39, DOI: 10.1590/2175-7860202576015, URL: https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860202576015
CC2F5616FF80FFD384E8FEBC5055FBC0.text	CC2F5616FF80FFD384E8FEBC5055FBC0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chrysobalanus icaco	<div><p>1.1. Chrysobalanus icaco L., Sp. Pl. 1: 513. 1753.</p><p>Figs. 1 a-b; 2</p><p>Shrub to subshrub, prostrate to erect, to 1.5 m tall; branches glabrous, lenticellate. Leaves widely elliptic to rounded, 4–5.5 × 3–4.7 cm, chartaceous, discolorous, stomatal crypts absent, base cuneate, apex rounded to subcordate, glabrous on both sides, eglandular, midrib glabrous on both sides, impressed adaxially and prominent abaxially, primary veins 5–7 pairs, glabrous; petiole 2.5–5 mm long, terete, glabrous, eglandular; stipules 2, triangular to lanceolate, caducous, 1–2 mm long.</p><p>Inflorescence axillary to terminal, compound cymes, puberulent; bracts triangular to lanceolate, ca. 2 mm long, puberulent; bracteoles triangular to lanceolate, ca. 1 mm long, glabrescent adaxially and puberulent abaxially. Flowers 7–8 mm long, puberulent, pedicel 1–1.5 mm long; receptacle campanulate, ca. 1.5 mm long, sericeous inside; sepals triangular, 1.5–3 mm long, pubescent inside; petals 5, lanceolate, ca. 5 mm long, glabrous, white; stamens 15–20, filaments 3.5–6 mm long, inserted in a complete circle, exserted, tomentose; ovary 1.5 mm, sericeous to tomentose, at base of the receptacle; style ca. 7.5 mm long, tomentose. Drupe ellipsoid, 2.2–2.4 × 1.7–1.9 cm; epicarp glabrous to glabrescent, red or vinaceous.</p><p>Selected material examined: Aracruz, Rebio de Comboios, restinga holocênica, formação arbustiva aberta não inundável, 4.XII.2018, fl., O.J. Pereira 8644 (SAMES) . Conceição da Barra, estrada entre Guriri e Farol, 3.X.2016, fr., K.S. Valdemarin 197 (ESA, RB) ; Itaúnas, vegetação de restinga sobre dunas, com elevação de até 30 m, distante do mar aproximadamente 80 m, dunas localizadas depois da ponte do Rio Itaúnas, na direção de Riacho Doce, 6.X.2007, fl., A. Giaretta 239 (RB, SAMES, VIES) . Guarapari, X.1980, fr., B. Weinberg 692 (RB, SPF) ; Praia do Sol, 13.IX.1986, fl., L.D. Thomaz 15 (RB, VIES) ; Parque Estadual Paulo Cesar Vinha, 15.V.2017, fr., R.H. Mota 25 (VIES) . Linhares, Pontal do Ipiranga, moita próxima a praia, 1.XI.2010, fl., M.C.F. Jesus 372 (RB, SAMES, VIES) ; Rebio de Comboios, 20.III.1987, fl. and fr., O.J. Pereira 800 (RB, VIES) . Presidente Kennedy, Praia das Neves, na restinga, propriedade da Ferrous, 30.V.2015, fr., I.G. Costa 642 (RB) . São Mateus, Guriri, Mata de restinga próxima à foz do Rio São Mateus ( Cricaré), à 14 km do Projeto Tamar, 5.IX.2008, fl., A. Giaretta 333 (RB, SAMES, VIES) ; mata seca de restinga, localizado próximo ao Projeto Tamar, herbácea pós-praia, 25.IV.2010, fr., M.M. Monteiro et al. 227 (RB, SAMES, VIES) . Vila Velha, 14.VI.1986, fl., M.A. Milanezi (VIES908) .</p><p>The prostrate shrub to subshrub habit is a helpful character for Chrysobalanus icaco subsp. icaco, as it is not common in the family. It can also be recognized by the widely elliptic to rounded leaves with rounded to subcordate apex, completely glabrous on both surfaces and a red to vinaceous drupe. Collected with flowers throughout the year and fruits from May to July and October to December.</p><p>Chrysobalanus icaco is a widespread species, present in the African and American continent, typical from coastal areas (Prance 1972). Chrysobalanus icaco subsp. icaco is the only one recognized in Brazil, and it occurs in the states of Alagoas, Amapá, Bahia, Ceará, EspÍrito Santo, Maranhão, Pará, ParaÍba, PiauÍ, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo (Sothers &amp; Prance 2023a). In EspÍrito Santo it has been recorded in restinga, in the municipalities of Aracruz, Conceição da Barra, Guarapari, Linhares, Presidente Kennedy, São Mateus and Vila Velha. It occurs in four protected areas (Área de Proteção Ambiental de Conceição da Barra, Parque Estadual de Itaúnas, Parque Estadual Paulo César Vinha and Reserva Biológica de Comboio) and is not considered threatened.</p><p>Some research shows its medicinal properties and reports on its use in traditional medicine, with antiangiogenic, diurectic and reduction of blood glucose effects (Feitosa et al. 2012). As a result, this species is commercialized in local markets and is sometimes confused with Eugenia astringens Cambess. ( Myrtaceae), due to the rounded leaf shape (Silva &amp; Peixoto 2009).</p><p>The common name for this species is maçãde-praia (B Weinberg 692).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC2F5616FF80FFD384E8FEBC5055FBC0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Barros, Natália;Menezes, Luis Fernando Tavares de;Sothers, Cynthia;Peixoto, Ariane Luna	Barros, Natália, Menezes, Luis Fernando Tavares de, Sothers, Cynthia, Peixoto, Ariane Luna (2025): Flora of Espírito Santo: Chrysobalanaceae. Rodriguesia (e 00872024) 76: 1-39, DOI: 10.1590/2175-7860202576015, URL: https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860202576015
CC2F5616FF80FFD6874FFB4457DDFE9F.text	CC2F5616FF80FFD6874FFB4457DDFE9F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Couepia Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane	<div><p>2. Couepia Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 1: 519, t. 221. 1775.</p><p>Trees or shrubs. Leaves with abaxial surface of lamina glabrous or with an arachnoid indumentum, stomatal crypts absent, often with 1 or 2 pairs of glands at base and sometimes with small marginal glands near apex, stipules caducous to persistent. Inflorescence usually a congested thyrse, less often a few-flowered spike or raceme, very rarely flowers solitary. Bracts and bracteoles usually persistent, eglandular. Flowers pedicellate. Receptacle tube turbinate to narrowly cylindric, often slightly curved, ventricose, usually glabrous inside except at throat. Sepals usually eglandular. Petals 5. Stamens 15–100 or more, usually in a complete circle, far-exserted, glabrous; staminodes absent or short and filiform. Ovary 1(2–3)-carpellate, inserted laterally at mouth of receptacle mouth, 1-locular; style filiform, far-exserted, indistinctly 3-lobed at apex, hairy for greater part of length. Drupe surface without longitudinal channels, endocarp hard, granular, shortly hairy inside (Prance 2003; Prance &amp; Sothers 2003b).</p><p>With 67 species, Couepia is a neotropical g e n u s d i s t r i b u t e d f ro m M e x i c o t o B r a z i l (Prance &amp; Sothers 2003b; Sothers et al. 2014). In Brazil, the genus comprises 52 species, present in the Caatinga, Cerrado, Atlantic Forest and Amazonian domains (Sothers &amp; Prance 2023b). In EspÍrito Santo it is represented by five species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC2F5616FF80FFD6874FFB4457DDFE9F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Barros, Natália;Menezes, Luis Fernando Tavares de;Sothers, Cynthia;Peixoto, Ariane Luna	Barros, Natália, Menezes, Luis Fernando Tavares de, Sothers, Cynthia, Peixoto, Ariane Luna (2025): Flora of Espírito Santo: Chrysobalanaceae. Rodriguesia (e 00872024) 76: 1-39, DOI: 10.1590/2175-7860202576015, URL: https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860202576015
CC2F5616FF85FFD8874FFAB855CDFC0E.text	CC2F5616FF85FFD8874FFAB855CDFC0E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Couepia carautae Prance, Fl. Neotrop. Monogr.	<div><p>2.2. Couepia carautae Prance, Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 9S: 70, f. 16, 99. 1989. Fig. 3</p><p>Tree, up to 22 m tall, stem ca. 15 m tall, cylindric, bark rough, young branches glabrous, lenticellate. Leaves elliptic, 8.6–10.4 × 2.5–3.5 cm, coriaceous, discolorous, base cuneate, apex acuminate, acumen ca. 4–6 mm long, adaxially glabrous, abaxially arachnoid to glabrescent, midrib prominulous adaxially, glabrous, with glands along its length, prominent abaxially, glabrous, primary veins 14–16 pairs; petiole 6–9 mm, glabrous, canaliculate, eglandular; stipules caducous (not seen). Inflorescence terminal to subterminal, paniculate, tomentulose; bracts caducous (not seen); bracteoles 2, lanceolate, ca. 3 mm long, tomentose. Flowers 1.4–1.5 cm long, white, tomentose, pedicel ca. 2.5 mm; receptacle tubular, 7–8 mm, glabrous, except at throat; sepals with acute apex, ca. 6 mm long, tomentulose; petals with acute apex, margin ciliate, glabrous; stamens ca. 30, in a complete circle, filaments 1.5–2 cm long, glabrous, free; ovary ca. 2 mm, tomentulose, style ca. 1.2 cm long, tomentulose. Drupe not seen.</p><p>Material examined: Linhares, Reserva Natural Vale, Estrada 143 A 6, km 1430, 24.I.1978, fl., J. Spada 31/78</p><p>(CVRD, INPA, K, RB, NY).</p><p>Couepia carautae is slightly similar to C. monteclarensis because of the elliptic leaves of similar length with acuminate apex, but can be distinguished by the combination of elliptic coriaceous leaves, with cuneate base, less conspicuous primary veins, glands on the length of the lamina’s adaxial surface, tomentose inflorescence and tubular receptacle. Collected with flowers in January.</p><p>This species is here confirmed as endemic to EspÍrito Santo state, and it is only known by its type collection, from Linhares, in a Mata de Tabuleiro area. Couepia carautae was assessed as “Critically Endangered” (CR) for the state and the country (Fraga et al. 2019; Brasil 2022).</p><p>The common name for this species is milho-torrado (J. Spada 31/78).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC2F5616FF85FFD8874FFAB855CDFC0E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Barros, Natália;Menezes, Luis Fernando Tavares de;Sothers, Cynthia;Peixoto, Ariane Luna	Barros, Natália, Menezes, Luis Fernando Tavares de, Sothers, Cynthia, Peixoto, Ariane Luna (2025): Flora of Espírito Santo: Chrysobalanaceae. Rodriguesia (e 00872024) 76: 1-39, DOI: 10.1590/2175-7860202576015, URL: https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860202576015
CC2F5616FF8BFFD884E8FC3350E3FC58.text	CC2F5616FF8BFFD884E8FC3350E3FC58.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Couepia monteclarensis Prance, Fl. Neotrop. Monogr.	<div><p>2.3. Couepia monteclarensis Prance, Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 9S: 66, f. 14. 1989. Fig. 3</p><p>Trees, up to 11 m tall, DBH 20 cm, stem up to 7 m tall, young branches pubescent, becoming glabrous with age, conspicuously lenticellate. Leaves elliptic, 7.9–12.1 × 3.2–4.3 cm, chartaceous, discolorous, base cuneate, apex acute to acuminate, acumen up to 3 mm long, adaxially glabrous, abaxially arachnoid, midrib plane adaxially, prominent abaxially, glabrous, primary veins 10–11 pairs; petiole 0.6–1 cm, glabrous, terete, eglandular; stipules 2, ca. 8 mm long, linear, chartaceous, glabrous, caducous. Inflorescence terminal, paniculate, pubescent; bracts caducous (not seen); bracteoles 2, triangular, ca. 1 mm long, pubescent. Flowers white, ca. 2.1 cm long, pubescent, pedicel ca. 2 mm; receptacle subcampanulate, 5–6 mm, glabrous, except at throat; sepals rounded with acute apex, ca. 3 mm long, pubescent, not reflexed, eglandular; petals with acute apex, glabrous, with ciliate margin; stamens 14–16, in 3/4 circle, filaments 0.8–1 cm long, glabrous, united at base; ovary 1–1.5 mm, tomentulose, style 1.5–2 cm long, 1/2 tomentulose. Drupe ellipsoid, sessile, 2–2.3 × 1.7–1.8 cm, epicarp smooth, glabrous.</p><p>Selected material examined: Águia Branca, Rochedo, propr. Ailton Corteletti, 7.VI.2006, fr., V. Demuner 2434 (MBML). Aracruz, M-71 na virada para entrar no carreador, 4.III.1993, fl., R.N. Oliveira 445 (VIES). Linhares,</p><p>Reserva Natural Vale, saindo da Estrada do Flamengo sentido a Estrada da Mantegueira, 7.V.2009, fl., P.J.M.Maas 9807 (CEPEC, CVRD, K, L); 31.VIII.2009, fr., G.S. Siqueira 478 (CVRD, K). Santa Maria de Jetibá, Rio Santa Maria da Vitória, 23.XI.2000, fr., O.J. Pereira 6645 (VIES) . Santa Teresa, São Lourenço, mata fria, terreno de Clério Loss, 9.IX.1998, fr., L. Kollmann 482 (CEPEC, MBML) .</p><p>Couepia monteclarensis is similar to C. carautae (see comments under this species). However, it can be distinguished by the chartaceous leaves, terete petiole, subcampanulate receptacle and ciliate petals. Collected with flowers in March to May and fruits in June to August and November.</p><p>This species is also endemic to Atlantic Forest, recorded in Bahia, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo and EspÍrito Santo states (Fraga et al. 2019; Sothers &amp; Prance 2023b). In the latter, it occurs in Ombrophilous forests and Mata de Tabuleiro, in Águia Branca, Aracruz, Linhares, Santa Maria de Jetibá and Santa Teresa municipalities. This species was classified as “Least Concern” (LC) when analyzed for the country by Amorim &amp; Aragão (2021), and “Endangered” (EN) in a regional assessment by Fraga et al. (2019). It was recorded in three protected areas: Estação Biológica de Santa Lúcia, Reserva Biológica Augusto Ruschi and Reserva Natural Vale.</p><p>The common names for this species are milhotorrado-amarelo (P.J.M. Maas 9807) and milhotorrado-folha-lisa (G.S. Siqueira 478).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC2F5616FF8BFFD884E8FC3350E3FC58	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Barros, Natália;Menezes, Luis Fernando Tavares de;Sothers, Cynthia;Peixoto, Ariane Luna	Barros, Natália, Menezes, Luis Fernando Tavares de, Sothers, Cynthia, Peixoto, Ariane Luna (2025): Flora of Espírito Santo: Chrysobalanaceae. Rodriguesia (e 00872024) 76: 1-39, DOI: 10.1590/2175-7860202576015, URL: https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860202576015
CC2F5616FF8BFFDA874FFBDD558BF93B.text	CC2F5616FF8BFFDA874FFBDD558BF93B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Couepia ovalifolia (Schott) Hook. f.	<div><p>2.4. Couepia ovalifolia (Schott) Benth. ex Hook.f., Fl. bras . (Martius) 14(2): 48. 1867.</p><p>Basionym: Chrysobalanus ovalifolius Schott, in Spreng., Syst. Veg. 4(2): 406. 1827. Figs. 3; 4 a-b</p><p>Shrub to tree, up to 5 m tall, DBH 2.5 cm, stem up to 2 m tall, branches glabrous, lenticellate.Leaves oblong, 6–11.3 × 2.6–4.3 cm, coriaceous, discolorous, base obtuse or subcordate, apex acuminate, acumen 3–5 mm long, adaxially glabrous (sometimes lustrous), abaxially pubescent to arachnoid, midrib prominulous adaxially, glabrous, prominent abaxially, glabrous, primary veins (8)10–16 pairs; petiole 3–5 mm, glabrous to pubescent, canaliculate, sometimes with glands; stipules ca. 2 mm long, lanceolate, chartaceous, pubescent, caducous. Inflorescence terminal to subterminal, paniculate, pubescent; bracts 2, lanceolate, 3–4 mm long, pubescent, eglandular, caducous; bracteoles 2, triangular to lanceolate, 3 mm long, pubescent. Flowers ca. 1.2 cm long, puberulent, pedicel 1–3 mm; receptacle subcampanulate, 5–7 mm, glabrous, except at throat; sepals with apex rounded to acute, 3–4 mm long, pubescent, reflexed, eglandular; petals caducous (not seen); stamens ca. 16, in a semicircle, filaments 0.9–1.3 cm long, bended, some partially bent, giving the impression of being smaller, glabrous, free; ovary 1–1.5 mm, tomentulose, style 0.7–1.3 cm long, 3/4</p><p>tomentulose. Drupe ellipsoid, sessile, 2.6–3 × 2.9–3.1 cm, epicarp rugose, glabrous.</p><p>Selected material examined: Conceição da Barra, área 157 da Aracruz Celulose S.A., 25.X.1993, fl., O.J. Pereira 5142 (RB) . Itaguaçu, Alto Limoeiro, 12.V.1946, A.C. Brade 18344 (RB) . Guarapari, Parque Estadual de Setiba, 4.X.1988, fl., O.J. Pereira 1836 (VIES) ; Parque Estadual Paulo César Vinha, 7.X.2017, fl., R.H. Mota 32 (VIES) . Jaguaré, Restinga pleistocênica, 7.XI.2023, fr., O.J. Pereira 10559 (SAMES) . Linhares, Reserva Natural Vale, Muçununga na Estrada do Flamengo (X1), 19.IX.1987, fl., C. Farney 1678 (CEPEC, CVRD, K, RB) ; Aceiro Parajú, 18.X.2019, fl., G. Felitto 1252 (CVRD, RB) . Pinheiros, Rebio Córrego do Veado, estrada próxima a sede da Rebio, 13.II.2022, fr., L.F.T. Menezes 2788 (SAMES) . São Mateus, Pedra D’água, vegetação de restinga próxima ao hospital Roberto Silvares, 21.IX.2006, fl., L.F.T. Menezes 1554 (RB, SAMES, VIES) ; Bairro Quadrado, mata seca sobre restinga Pleistocênica, 16.I.2008, fr., R.F.A. Martins 146 (RB, SAMES, VIES) . Vila Velha, 21.XI.1983, fl., P.C. Vinha (VIES261) ; Reserva Estadual de Jacarenema, 15.VII.2004, fl., G.G.K. Lube 146 (VIES) . Vitória, Camburi, 23.XII.1998, fr., A.M. Assis 687 (VIES) .</p><p>Couepia ovalifolia is similar to C. belemii (see comments under this species). The taxon is also similar to C. schottii, as both form the “ C. ovalifolia species group”, and are distinguished by only a few morphological characters such as the lamina shape, size, the number of primary veins and petiole length (Prance 1972). Couepia ovalifolia usually has smaller leaves, a lower number of primary veins and shorter petiole, but these characters overlap with C. schottii in some of the analyzed material. To better delimit these taxa, further studies on other characters is necessary. Collected with flowers from August to November and fruits from November to January.</p><p>Couepia ovalifolia is endemic to Atlantic Forest and has been recorded in Bahia, EspÍrito Santo, Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro states (Sothers &amp; Prance 2023b). In EspÍrito Santo it occurs in Restinga, Mussununga and Mata de Tabuleiro, in Conceição da Barra, Guarapari, Itaguaçu, Linhares, Jaguaré, Pinheiros, São Mateus, Vila Velha and Vitória .</p><p>This species is well represented in collections and occurs in some protected areas (e.g., Parque Estadual Paulo César Vinha, Reserva Natural Vale, Reserva Biológica Córrego do Veado, Reserva Estadual de Jacarenema), which indicates it is not threatened for the state .</p><p>The common names for this species are oitido-nativo (D. Araujo 8114, G. Felitto et al.1252,) and oiti-da-areia (D.A. Folli 4655).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC2F5616FF8BFFDA874FFBDD558BF93B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Barros, Natália;Menezes, Luis Fernando Tavares de;Sothers, Cynthia;Peixoto, Ariane Luna	Barros, Natália, Menezes, Luis Fernando Tavares de, Sothers, Cynthia, Peixoto, Ariane Luna (2025): Flora of Espírito Santo: Chrysobalanaceae. Rodriguesia (e 00872024) 76: 1-39, DOI: 10.1590/2175-7860202576015, URL: https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860202576015
CC2F5616FF89FFDA84E8F97E50CCF884.text	CC2F5616FF89FFDA84E8F97E50CCF884.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Couepia schottii Fritsch, Ann. K. K. Naturhist. Hofmus.	<div><p>2.5. Couepia schottii Fritsch, Ann. K. K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 5: 13. 1890. Figs. 3; 4 c-d</p><p>Tree, up to 21 m tall, branches glabrous, lenticellate. Leaves oblong, 9.4–17.1 × 3.1–8.1 cm, coriaceous, discolorous, base obtuse to subcordate, apex rounded or acuminate, acumen 3–4 mm long, adaxially glabrous (sometimes lustrous), abaxially arachnoid, sometimes ferrugineous,</p><p>midrib prominulous adaxially, glabrous, prominent abaxially, glabrescent, primary veins 14–20 pairs, often with marginal loops uniting them; petiole 0.7– 1.5 cm, glabrous to pubescent, canaliculate, usually with 2 discoid glands; stipules caducous (not seen). Inflorescence terminal to subterminal, paniculate, tomentose; bracts and bracteoles caducous (not seen). Flowers 1.6–1.9 cm long, tomentulose, pedicel ca. 2 mm; receptacle subcampanulate, 7–8 mm, glabrous, except at throat; sepals with rounded apex, 4–6 mm long, tomentulose, sometimes reflexed; petals with rounded apex glabrous, margin ciliate; stamens 24–25, in a 3/4 circle, filaments 1.3–1.7 cm long, bended, glabrous, free; ovary 2–3 mm, tomentulose, style ca. 2 cm long, tomentulose at lower half. Immature drupe ellipsoid, sessile, 2–2.8 × 1.5–1.7 cm, epicarp granular, glabrescent.</p><p>Selected material examined: Aracruz, Rebio de Comboios, estação amostral 8, 17.XI.2021, fl., O.J. Pereira 9780 (VIES) . Conceição da Barra, Rebio de Córrego Grande, área ensolarada imediatamente ao lado da estrada, 26.VII.2019, M. Ribeiro 1575 (SAMES) . Linhares, Degredo, restinga arbórea, 15.III.2007, fr., C. Farney 4631 (MBM, RB, SAMES) ; Reserva Natural Vale, próximo a Estrada X-1 talhão 601, 19.I.1973, fl., J. Spada 148 (CVRD, INPA, RB) . Pedro Canário, margem da BR-101, direção: RioItaúnas, 19.X.2008, fl., A.C.S. Cavalvanti 279 (HUEFS, RB) . Pinheiros, Rebio Córrego do Veado, 23.II.2011, fr., M. Ribeiro 448 (RB, SAMES, VIES) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-39.87083&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-19.635555" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -39.87083/lat -19.635555)">Regência</a>, arredores, 19º38’08”S, 39º52’15”W, 3.IV.2019, fr., M.L. Brotto 3426 (CVRD, MBM, NY, RB, VIES) . Santa Teresa, Dois Pinheiros, mata do Banestes, 30.VI.1998, fr., L. Kollmann 162 (MBML) . São Mateus, Bairro Liberdade, mata seca sobre restinga pleistocênica, 16.I.2008, fl. and fr., R.F.A. Martins 16 (SAMES) .</p><p>Couepia schottii is similar to C. belemii and</p><p>C. ovalifolia (see comments under these species). Collected with flowers from October to January and fruits in January to April and July.</p><p>This taxon occurs in Bahia, EspÍrito Santo and</p><p>Rio de Janeiro states (Sothers &amp; Prance 2023b). In EspÍrito Santo it occurs in Restinga, Mussununga and Tabuleiro forests in Aracruz, Conceição da Barra, Linhares, Pedro Canário, Pinheiros, Santa</p><p>Teresa and São Mateus municipalities. It is assessed as “Endangered” (EN) to Brazil (Brasil 2022). In EspÍrito Santo this taxon is present in five protected areas (Reserva Biológica Augusto Ruschi, Parque</p><p>Natural Municipal de São Lourenço, Reserva Biológica Córrego do Veado, Floresta Nacional de Goytacazes, Reserva Natural Vale) and is represented by old and new collections. Based on this evidence we suggest that this species is not threatened in the state.</p><p>The common name for this species is milhotorrado-de-folha-larga (M. Ribeiro 448).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC2F5616FF89FFDA84E8F97E50CCF884	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Barros, Natália;Menezes, Luis Fernando Tavares de;Sothers, Cynthia;Peixoto, Ariane Luna	Barros, Natália, Menezes, Luis Fernando Tavares de, Sothers, Cynthia, Peixoto, Ariane Luna (2025): Flora of Espírito Santo: Chrysobalanaceae. Rodriguesia (e 00872024) 76: 1-39, DOI: 10.1590/2175-7860202576015, URL: https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860202576015
CC2F5616FF88FFDB84E8FE155720FC54.text	CC2F5616FF88FFDB84E8FE155720FC54.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Exellodendron gracile (Kuhlmann 1938) Prance, Fl. Neotrop. Monogr.	<div><p>3.1. Exellodendron gracile (Kuhlm.) Prance, Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. no. 9: 200. 1972.</p><p>Basionym: Parinari gracilis Kuhlm. Anais Reunião Sul-Amer. Bot. 3: 78. 1938. Figs. 1 c-d; 2; 5</p><p>Tree, up to 34 m tall, DBH 4.8–5.6 cm; young branches arachnoid, becoming glabrous with age, lenticellate. Leaves elliptic to oblong-eliptic, 4–8.5 × 2–3.4 cm, chartaceous, discolorous, stomatal crypts absent, base cuneate, apex acute to acuminate, acumen 3–5 mm long, glabrous on both surfaces; midrib prominent on both surfaces, glabrous to arachnoid adaxially, arachnoid abaxially at basal 1/2, primary veins 7–9 pairs, not prominent, glabrous abaxially; petiole 3–4 mm long, arachnoid to sparsely arachnoid, canaliculate; stipules 2, 3–4 mm long, caducous, lanceolate, chartaceous, midrib sericeous, margin glabrous. Inflorescence terminal to subterminal, paniculate, sericeous, bracts caducous (not seen), bracteoles 3, ca. 1 mm long, sericeous inside. Flowers 5–7 mm long, pubescent outside, pedicel 1.5 mm long; receptacle subcampanulate, swollen on stamen side, sericeous inside; sepals triangular, 1.5–2 mm long, puberulent inside, not reflexed; petals 5, apex triangular, 1–2 mm long, glabrous; stamens 8, filaments 1–1.5 mm long, inserted unilaterally, included or the same length as sepals, glabrous, with ca. 4 short staminodes, opposite to them; ovary 1 mm long, sericeous, inserted at mouth of receptacle, style 3 mm long, glabrous. Drupe ellipsoid, 1.8–3.5 × 1–1.8 cm; epicarp glabrous, lenticellate, smooth, vinaceous.</p><p>Selected material examined: Aracruz, córrego d’água, Fazenda do Retiro (proprietário Manoel Pedro Cararetto), 2.IV.2008, fr., R.D. Ribeiro 950 (RB, SPF) ; Rebio de Comboios, próximo à reserva indÍgena, ponto de amostragem 8, 17.III.2020, fr., A.D. Firmino 168 3 (VIES) . Conceição da Barra, trilha Sul da Flona (Restinga), Flona do Rio Preto, 5.III.2020, fr., S.C. Dutra 234 (RB, VIES) ; Viveiro dos pássaros, Núcleo Juçara, Matriz 052, 28.X.2013, fr., Grupo de Coletores do Núcleo Juçara 52 (RB) . Linhares, Reserva Natural Vale, Estrada Aceiro Catelã - João Pedro, 10.III.2015, fr., G.S. Siqueira 1063 (RB) ; Rebio de Comboios - IBAMA, próximo a estrada Porteira, 4.I.1991, fl., D.A. Folli 1251 (RB) . Pinheiros, Rebio Córrego do Veado, 1.VI.2010, fr., M.Ribeiro 175 (RB, SAMES, VIES) ; 7.XII.2009, fl., D.A. Folli 6489 (HUEFS, RB) . Santa Teresa, Estação Biológica Caixa D’Água, 18.XI.1998, fl., L. Kollmann 1056 (MBML) .</p><p>Exellodendron gracile can be recognized by the arachnoid surfaces (young branches, young leaves, petiole), primary veins of leaves not prominent, the swollen subcampanulate receptacle and stipitate fruit. Collected with flowers January, June and</p><p>December, and fruits from March to June and August.</p><p>This species is endemic to the Atlantic Forest, in the states of Bahia and EspÍrito Santo (Sothers &amp; Prance 2023c). In EspÍrito Santo it occurs in Mata de Tabuleiro and Restinga, in Aracruz, Conceição da Barra, Linhares, Pinheiros and Santa Teresa municipalities. Brasil (2022) assessed the species as “Endangered” (EN) to Brazil.</p><p>This species was recorded in five protected areas (Estação Biológica Caixa D’Água, Reserva Biológica de Comboios, Reserva Biológica Córrego do Veado, Reserva Natural Vale, Floresta Nacional do Rio Preto) and is not threatened in the state. It was described by Kuhlmann and illustrated by Nilton Leal as Parinarium gracile in Kuhlmann (1938), a book which is difficult to access, using a specimen collected in Linhares municipality. The illustration is reproduced here (Fig. 5). Prance (1972) transferred the species to Exellodendron but did not illustrate it.</p><p>The common names for this species are águafria (I.A. Silva 377), azeitona-preta (V. Souza 210), milho-torrado (G.L. Farias 61) and oiti (Kuhlmann 1938).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC2F5616FF88FFDB84E8FE155720FC54	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Barros, Natália;Menezes, Luis Fernando Tavares de;Sothers, Cynthia;Peixoto, Ariane Luna	Barros, Natália, Menezes, Luis Fernando Tavares de, Sothers, Cynthia, Peixoto, Ariane Luna (2025): Flora of Espírito Santo: Chrysobalanaceae. Rodriguesia (e 00872024) 76: 1-39, DOI: 10.1590/2175-7860202576015, URL: https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860202576015
CC2F5616FF88FFDB84E8FF13554FFE13.text	CC2F5616FF88FFDB84E8FF13554FFE13.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Exellodendron Prance, Fl. Neotrop. Monogr.	<div><p>3. Exellodendron Prance, Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. no. 9: 195. 1972.</p><p>Restricted to South America, the genus was collected in Guianas, Venezuela and Brazil. Exellodendron comprises five species and all of them occur in Brazil (Prance &amp; Sothers 2003a). Only Exellodendron gracile is recorded in EspÍrito Santo state.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC2F5616FF88FFDB84E8FF13554FFE13	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Barros, Natália;Menezes, Luis Fernando Tavares de;Sothers, Cynthia;Peixoto, Ariane Luna	Barros, Natália, Menezes, Luis Fernando Tavares de, Sothers, Cynthia, Peixoto, Ariane Luna (2025): Flora of Espírito Santo: Chrysobalanaceae. Rodriguesia (e 00872024) 76: 1-39, DOI: 10.1590/2175-7860202576015, URL: https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860202576015
CC2F5616FF88FFDB874FFBD85023F880.text	CC2F5616FF88FFDB874FFBD85023F880.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hirtella Pereira, Zanata, Cetra & Reis 2014	<div><p>4. Hirtella L., Sp. Pl.1: 34. 1753.</p><p>Trees and shrubs. Leaves glabrous or with strigose or strigulose hairs, stomatal crypts absent; sometimes with 2 large bulbous myrmecophilous inflations at base of lamina, or often with many small submarginal or scattered discoid glands; petiole eglandular. Inflorescence usually a raceme or thyrse, more rarely a corymb or complex cyme. Bracts and bracteoles often with stipitate or sessile glands. Receptacle tube subcampanulate to narrowly cylindric, slightly gibbous, usually glabrous inside except near throat. Sepals usually spreading or reflexed, acute, often with sessile or shortly stalked glands on margin. Petals 5; Stamens 3–9, filaments far-exserted, glabrous, usually opposite to short filiform staminodes. Ovary usually inserted at mouth of receptacle tube; style filiform, far-exserted. Drupe with smooth thin hard non-granular endocarp with longitudinal shallow channels representing the lines of weakness that permit the seedling to escape (Prance 2003; Prance &amp; Sothers 2003b).</p><p>The genus comprises 110 species, mainly distributed in the Neotropics, with only two species in the African continent (Prance &amp; Sothers 2003b). In Brazil, the genus occurs in all states with 68 accepted species (Asprino 2023). In EspÍrito Santo it is represented by 10 species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC2F5616FF88FFDB874FFBD85023F880	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Barros, Natália;Menezes, Luis Fernando Tavares de;Sothers, Cynthia;Peixoto, Ariane Luna	Barros, Natália, Menezes, Luis Fernando Tavares de, Sothers, Cynthia, Peixoto, Ariane Luna (2025): Flora of Espírito Santo: Chrysobalanaceae. Rodriguesia (e 00872024) 76: 1-39, DOI: 10.1590/2175-7860202576015, URL: https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860202576015
CC2F5616FF8EFFDD84E8FC1F57D3F93F.text	CC2F5616FF8EFFDD84E8FC1F57D3F93F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hirtella bahiensis Prance, Fl. Neotrop. Monogr.	<div><p>4.1. Hirtella bahiensis Prance, Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 9: 307. 1972. Figs. 6; 7 a-b</p><p>Tree, up to 25 m tall, DBH ca. 37 cm, stem up to 20 m tall, cylindric, bark rough; young branches pubescent, becoming glabrous with age, lenticellate. Leaves elliptic to obovate, 3.2–4.2 × 1.7–2.3 cm, chartaceous, discolorous, base cuneate, apex rounded, glabrous adaxially, pubescent to sparsely pubescent abaxially, midrib prominulous adaxially, prominent abaxially, primary veins 5–7 pairs, margin slightly revolute; petiole ca. 2 mm long, pubescent, terete, eglandular; stipules 2, lanceolate, ca. 1.5 mm long, chartaceous, pubescent, caducous. Inflorescence terminal to axillary, paniculate, densely pubescent; bracts 2, triangular, ca. 2.5 mm long, pubescent, eglandular; bracteoles 2, triangular, ca. 2.5 mm long, pubescent, with 3–5 discoid glands at apex, slightly stipitate. Flowers white, ca. 1–1.3 cm long, pubescent, pedicel ca. 2 mm long; receptacle tubular, ca. 3 mm long, glabrous; sepals triangular, ca. 3 mm long, pubescent, reflexed; petals elliptic, 3–4 mm long, glabrous; stamens 3, inserted unilaterally, filaments ca. 6 mm long, united at base, with 5 staminodes opposite to them; ovary ca. 1.5 mm long, sericeous, style 6–7 mm long, basal 2/3 sericeous. Drupe brown or purple, obovoid, sessile, 1–1.3 × 0.6–1.3 cm, epicarp smooth, longitudinally striate, pubescent to glabrescent.</p><p>Material examined: Conceição da Barra,Aracruz Celulose S.A., 3.XII.1992, fr., O. J. Pereira 4337 (VIES). Linhares, Reserva Natural Vale, Estrada 232, km 3460, lado direito,</p><p>285 m após o Córrego, 24.XI.1978, fl. and fr., I.A. Silva 30 (CVRD, INPA, NY, RBR); Estrada Jueirana-vermelha, km 1613, 27.XI.1991, fl. and fr., D.A. Folli 1506 (CVRD). Santa</p><p>Teresa, Estação Biológica de Santa Lúcia, 26.I.2015, fr., P.L.R.de Moraes 4687 (ALCB, CEPEC, CESJ, HRCB, UPCB) .</p><p>Hirtella bahiensis is quite distinct from the other species in the state, and is distinguished by the small elliptic to obovate leaves, with rounded apex, low number of primary veins (5–7), slightly revolute margin and bracteoles with discoid glands at the apex. Collected with flowers in November and fruits in November to January.</p><p>With a restricted occurrence in Bahia and EspÍrito Santo states, H. bahiensis is endemic to the Atlantic Forest (Asprino 2023). In EspÍrito Santo it is recorded in Conceição da Barra, Linhares and Santa Teresa municipalities, in Restinga, Tabuleiro and Ombrophilous Forests, respectively. This species is assessed as Endangered (EN) for the state (Fraga et al. 2019), where it was collected in two protected areas (Reserva Biológica de Santa Lúcia and Reserva Natural Vale).</p><p>The common name for this species is flamengo (I.A. Silva 30).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC2F5616FF8EFFDD84E8FC1F57D3F93F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Barros, Natália;Menezes, Luis Fernando Tavares de;Sothers, Cynthia;Peixoto, Ariane Luna	Barros, Natália, Menezes, Luis Fernando Tavares de, Sothers, Cynthia, Peixoto, Ariane Luna (2025): Flora of Espírito Santo: Chrysobalanaceae. Rodriguesia (e 00872024) 76: 1-39, DOI: 10.1590/2175-7860202576015, URL: https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860202576015
CC2F5616FF8EFFC0874FF9615503FA3E.text	CC2F5616FF8EFFC0874FF9615503FA3E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hirtella barrosoi Prance, Fl. Neotrop. Monogr.	<div><p>4.2. Hirtella barrosoi Prance, Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 9: 298. 1972. Fig. 6</p><p>Tree, up to 19 m tall, DBH 35 cm, stem 14 m tall; branches glabrous, lenticellate. Leaves elliptic, 8–10 × 1.5–2.8 cm, chartaceous, discolorous, base cuneate, apex acuminate, acumen 4–7 mm long, glabrous on both sides, midrib prominulous and glabrous on both sides, primary veins 7–9 pairs, sometimes with discoid glands on lamina, margin not revolute; petiole 3–4 mm long, glabrous, terete, eglandular; stipules caducous (not seen). Inflorescence terminal, paniculate, pubescent; bracts 1, triangular, 1–1.2 mm, pubescent, eglandular; bracteoles 2, ca. 0.5 mm, triangular, pubescent, eglandular. Flowers ca. 2.5 cm long, pubescent, pedicel ca. 5–6 mm long; receptacle campanulate, 1.5–2 mm long, glabrous except at throat; sepals green, rounded, 3–4 mm long, pubescent, reflexed; petals white, rounded, ca. 3.5 mm long, glabrous; stamens blue, 3, inserted unilaterally, filaments 1.3–1.8 cm, free; ovary 1.5–2 mm, sericeous, style ca. 1.6 mm long, sericeous at lower half. Drupe ellipsoid, 2–2.3 × 1.5–1.6 cm, epicarp longitudinally striate, glabrous.</p><p>Material examined: Santa Leopoldina, Colina Verde ( Morro do Agudo), propriedade de Israel E. Ramos (trilha da casa), 29.V.2007, fl., V. Demuner 4084 (CEPEC, MBML) . Additional material: BRAZIL. RIO DE JANEIRO: Rio de Janeiro, Horto Florestal, 28.VIII.1930, fr., Victorio (K1172764, NY378188, RB537033); Matta do Teixeira Borges, perto da sede do Horto Florestal, 26.V.1928, fl., Pessoal do Horto Florestal (B100464818, MBM347331, MO2195584, NY01085719, P00753692, RB136922, SPF00187423) .</p><p>Hirtella barrosoi is slightly similar to H. parviunguis because of the elliptic glabrous leaves, with similar size and number of primary veins. However, H. barrosoi can be distinguished by the longer acumen (4–7 mm long vs. 3–4 mm long in H. parviunguis), paniculate inflorescence with smaller bracts (1–1.2 vs. 6–7 mm long) and lower number of stamens (3 vs. 5). Collected with flowers in May.</p><p>Hirtella barrosoi is endemic to the Atlantic Forest, recorded only in Ombrophilous Forests in the states of Rio de Janeiro and EspÍrito Santo (Barros et al. 2022). In EspÍrito Santo it occurs only in Santa Leopoldina municipality and is not recorded in any protected areas. This species was assessed as Data Deficient (DD) at a national level (Fernandez 2018).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC2F5616FF8EFFC0874FF9615503FA3E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Barros, Natália;Menezes, Luis Fernando Tavares de;Sothers, Cynthia;Peixoto, Ariane Luna	Barros, Natália, Menezes, Luis Fernando Tavares de, Sothers, Cynthia, Peixoto, Ariane Luna (2025): Flora of Espírito Santo: Chrysobalanaceae. Rodriguesia (e 00872024) 76: 1-39, DOI: 10.1590/2175-7860202576015, URL: https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860202576015
CC2F5616FF93FFC084E8FA635034F91B.text	CC2F5616FF93FFC084E8FA635034F91B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hirtella corymbosa Cham. & Schltdl., Linnaea	<div><p>4.3. Hirtella corymbosa Cham. &amp; Schltdl., Linnaea 2(4): 545. 1827. Figs. 4 e-f; 6</p><p>Shrub or tree, up to 5 m tall; young branches pubescent, becoming glabrous with age, lenticellate. Leaves elliptic to widely elliptic, 3.4–4.1 × 2–2.6 cm, chartaceous, discolorous, base rounded, apex acuminate, acumen ca. 0.5 mm long, rarely mucronate, glabrous on both sides, midrib prominulous adaxially, prominent abaxially, basal 1/3 hispid, primary veins 7–8 pairs, hispid, lamina with discoid glands, margin not revolute; petiole 1–2 mm long, hispid, terete, eglandular; stipules 2, linear, 1.5–2 mm long, chartaceous, hispid, subpersistent. Inflorescence terminal, corymbose panicle, pubescent; bracts 2, triangular, 1.5–2 mm long, pubescent, eglandular; bracteoles 2, triangular, 1–1.5 mm long, pubescent, eglandular. Flowers white or vinaceous ca. 9 mm long, pubescent, pedicel ca. 3 mm long; receptacle campanulate, 2 mm long, glabrous except at throat; sepals rounded with acute apex, ca. 2 mm long, puberulous, reflexed; petals white, rounded, ca. 2 mm long, glabrous; stamens 3, inserted unilaterally, filaments ca. 6 mm long, united at base; ovary ca. 1.5 mm long, sericeous, near receptacle mouth, style ca. 6 mm long, basal 1/3 sericeous. Drupe vinaceous or purple, obovoid, sessile, 1.8–1.9 × 1–1.3 cm, epicarp smooth, longitudinally striate, glabrescent.</p><p>Selected material examined: Conceição da Barra,APA de Conceição da Barra, 30.XI.2011, fl., A. Giaretta 1108 (RB, SAMES, VIES) ; Comunidade de Lajinha, Fazenda Rancho Tropical II, restinga arbustiva alta com moitas, 5.VII.2007, fl. and fr., C. Farney 4772 (MBML, RB) . Jaguaré, 20.XI.2023, fl., O.J. Pereira 10600 (SAMES) . Linhares, de Linhares para São Mateus, 7.V.1966, fl., A.P. Duarte 9747 (HB, RB); Reserva Natural Vale, aceiro Luiz Durão, aceiro Nativo Parajú, 12.II.2020, fr., G. Felitto 1319 (CVRD, RB) . São Mateus, seguindo por estrada de terra atrás do campus do CEUNES, 13.IX.2023, fl. and fr., N. Barros 29 (RB, SAMES) .</p><p>Hirtella corymbosa can be recognized by the small (3.4–4.1 × 2–2.6 cm) elliptic to widely elliptic leaves, with a reduced acumen and rounded base, short petiole (1–2 mm long), corymbose panicle, with eglandular bracts and bracteoles and flower with 3 stamens. The flower (sepals, stamens and style) is also shorter in general compared with other species of Hirtella . Collected with flowers throughout the year and fruits from January to September.</p><p>Hirtella corymbosa is endemic to the Atlantic Forest, restricted to Bahia and EspÍrito Santo states (Asprino 2023). In the latter, it occurs in four municipalities in the northern part of the state, in Restinga and Mata de Tabuleiro, in Conceição da Barra, Jaguaré, Linhares and São Mateus, in Restinga areas and Tabuleiro Forests, especially in areas of Muçununga and Campos nativos. This species is assessed as Data Deficient (DD) for the state (Fraga et al. 2019), where it was collected in three protected areas: Área de Proteção Ambiental de Conceição da Barra, Parque Estadual de Itaúnas and Reserva Natural Vale. Considering the number of occurrences of H. corymbosa in the state and its distribution, inside and outside protected areas, a re-evaluation of its conservation status is necessary (Barros et al., in prep.).</p><p>The common name for this species is orelhade-gato (G. Felitto et al. 1319).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC2F5616FF93FFC084E8FA635034F91B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Barros, Natália;Menezes, Luis Fernando Tavares de;Sothers, Cynthia;Peixoto, Ariane Luna	Barros, Natália, Menezes, Luis Fernando Tavares de, Sothers, Cynthia, Peixoto, Ariane Luna (2025): Flora of Espírito Santo: Chrysobalanaceae. Rodriguesia (e 00872024) 76: 1-39, DOI: 10.1590/2175-7860202576015, URL: https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860202576015
CC2F5616FF93FFC1874FF91E507AFEF8.text	CC2F5616FF93FFC1874FF91E507AFEF8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hirtella hebeclada Moric.	<div><p>4.4. Hirtella hebeclada Moric., ex DC., Prodr. 2: 529. 1825. Fig. 6 Tree, up to 12 m tall, DBH 26–30 cm, stem 7–12 m tall, flat, bark rough; young branches hispid to densely hispid, becoming glabrous with age, lenticellate. Leaves elliptic, 6.3–12.2 × 3.7–6 cm, chartaceous, discolorous, base cuneate, apex rounded to acuminate, acumen 0.5–4 mm long, adaxially glabrescent to hispid, abaxially sparsely hispid, midrib plane adaxially and prominent abaxially, hispid, primary veins 8–10 pairs, hispid, occasionally with discoid glands abaxially at base or throughout all its length; petiole 3–6 mm long, terete, hispid to densely hispid; stipules 2, triangular, 2–3 mm long, hispid, persistent, eglandular. Inflorescence terminal to subterminal, racemose, densely hispid; bracts 2, triangular, 2 mm long, hispid, caducous; bracteoles 2, triangular, 1 mm long, hispid, persistent, with or without sessile glands. Flowers white, 1.9–2.2 cm long, hispid, pedicel 0.8–1 cm long; receptacle campanulate, 1–2 mm long, glabrous except at throat; sepals triangular, 3–4 mm long, pubescent, reflexed; petals white, rounded, ca. 4 mm long, glabrous; stamens vinaceous, 7, inserted unilaterally, united at base, filaments ca. 1 cm long; ovary ca. 1 mm long, sericeous, style ca. 1.2 cm long, hispid at base. Immature drupe green, obovoid, sessile, 0.9–2 × 0.4–0.7 cm, epicarp longitudinally striate, pubescent.</p><p>Selected material examined: Conceição da Barra, Trilha do Canastra, Flona do Rio Preto, 29.III.2019, fl., J. Gurtler 654 (RB, VIES) . Domingos Martins, Rio Jucu, 25.I.2001, fl., O.J. Pereira 6840 (VIES) . Itarana, Alto Jatiboca, Fazenda de Frederico Sadler, 26.II.2003, fr., J.A. Lombardi 5212 (MBM, UNOP) . Linhares, Reserva Natural Vale, Estrada 162, km 1200, lado direito, 10.XII.1979, fl., I.A. Silva 131 (RB, NY, RBR) . Marilândia, Alto Liberdade, propriedade de Deuclecio Lorenzini, 19.IV.2006, fl., L.F.S. Magnago 937</p><p>(MBML).Santa Leopoldina, Serra do Ramalhete, Fazenda Caioaba, propriedade Cláudio Virloni, trilha da divisa,</p><p>lado esquerdo, 16.II.2006, fl., V. Demuner 1866 (MBML) .</p><p>Santa Teresa, Estrada do Vinte e Cinco de Julho, terreno do Fracalossi, 6.IV.1999, fl., L. Kollmann 2380 (MBML); Lombardia, 25.I.1954, fl., J. Dolbolmo (RB86219) .</p><p>Hirtella hebeclada is similar to H. santosii in leaf shape (elliptic in H. hebeclada vs. elliptic to oblong-elliptic in H. santosii), with hispid indumentum on the lamina surface, midrib, petiole, stipules, inflorescence, bracts and bracteoles, the racemose inflorescence and same number of stamens (7). However, H. hebeclada can be distinguished by the shortly acuminate leaves, with cuneate base and lower number of primary veins (8–10 vs. 11–13 pairs). Collected with flowers from December to April and with immature fruits in February.</p><p>Hirtella hebeclada is restricted to Brazil and occurs in EspÍrito Santo, Minas Gerais, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina and São Paulo (Asprino 2023). In EspÍrito Santo it occurs in Restinga, Ombrophilous forest and Mata de Tabuleiro, in the municipalities of Conceição da Barra, Domingos Martins, Itarana, Linhares, Marilândia, Santa Leopoldina and Santa Teresa. It has been collected in four protected areas, Estação Biológica de Santa Lúcia, Floresta Nacional do Rio Preto, Reserva Biológica Augusto Ruschi and Reserva Natural Vale .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC2F5616FF93FFC1874FF91E507AFEF8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Barros, Natália;Menezes, Luis Fernando Tavares de;Sothers, Cynthia;Peixoto, Ariane Luna	Barros, Natália, Menezes, Luis Fernando Tavares de, Sothers, Cynthia, Peixoto, Ariane Luna (2025): Flora of Espírito Santo: Chrysobalanaceae. Rodriguesia (e 00872024) 76: 1-39, DOI: 10.1590/2175-7860202576015, URL: https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860202576015
CC2F5616FF92FFC2874FFEBE552BFC18.text	CC2F5616FF92FFC2874FFEBE552BFC18.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hirtella insignis Prance, Fl. Neotrop. Monogr.	<div><p>4.5. Hirtella insignis Briq. ex Prance, Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 9: 279. 1972. Fig. 6</p><p>Shrub or tree, up to 12 m tall, DBH 5.7 cm, stem 1.5–4 m tall, cylindric, bark rough; young branches sparsely hispid, becoming glabrous with age, conspicuously lenticellate. Leaves oblong to oblong-elliptic, 6.7–14.2 × 3.2–6.5 cm, chartaceous to coriaceous, discolorous, base subcordate, apex acuminate, acumen up to 5 mm long, glabrous on both sides, midrib plane to prominulous adaxially, prominent abaxially, glabrous, primary veins 7–8 pairs, with sessile discoid glands at lamina base, margin slightly revolute, glabrous to sparsely hispid; petiole 2–4 mm long, glabrous to sparsely hispid, terete, eglandular; stipules 2, linear, 2–3 mm long, chartaceous, sparsely hispid, persistent. Inflorescence terminal, corymbose panicle, sparsely hispid to glabrescent, bracts 2, lanceolate, ca. 2 mm long, sparsely hispid, with or without stipitate gland at apex; bracteoles 2, triangular, 1–2 mm long sparsely hispid, with or without stipitate gland at apex. Flowers ca. 1.6–2 cm long, glabrescent, pedicel 5–6 cm long; receptacle campanulate, ca. 2 mm long, glabrous except at throat; sepals triangular, 3–3.5 mm long, puberulous, reflexed; petals rounded, 4–5 mm long, glabrous; stamens 5, inserted unilaterally, filaments white to purple, ca. 1.2 cm long, united at base; ovary 1.5–2 mm long, sericeous, style 0.8–1 mm long, basal 1/2 tomentulose. Drupe vinaceous, obovoid, sessile, 1.5–2 × 0.8–1.1 cm, epicarp smooth, longitudinally striate, glabrescent.</p><p>Selected material examined: Águia Branca, Águas Claras, Zequinha, 15.VIII.2007, fr., R.R. Vervloet 3185 (HUEFS, MBML) . Aracruz, M7-1 no carreador para chegar no pomar, 4.III.1993, fl., R.N. Oliveira 443 (CAP, VIES) . Conceição da Barra, Rebio do Córrego Grande, Mata de Tabuleiro, 11.II.2013, fl., M.B. Costa 29 (SAMES, VIES) . Domingos Martins, BR-262 sentido MG, floresta ciliar, após ponte do Rio Jucu, 11.I.2001, fl., O.J. Pereira 6729 (VIES) . Itapemirim, Estrada para MarataÍzes, mata de restinga perturbada, perto do lixão, a ca. 3 km N de MarataÍzes, 22.II.1995, fl. and fr., J.R.Pirani 3585 (K, MBM, NY, SPF) . Linhares, Reserva Natural Vale, Estrada 154 km, lado esquerdo da contra-mão, vindo para o escritório, 5.VIII.1979, fl., D.A. Folli 76 (CVRD, INPA, NY, RBR) . Rio Bananal, Alto Bananal, 1.VIII.2007, fr., R.R. Vervloet 3084 (MBML) ; propriedade de Jonas Graci, 25.IV.2007, fl., V. Demuner 3829 (MBML) . Sooretama, Reserva Natural Vale, 2.II.2013, fl., M.G. Caxambu 4533 (HCF) .</p><p>Hirtella insignis is characterized by the conspicuously lenticellate branches, oblong to oblong-elliptic glabrous leaves, with subcordate base, short petiole (2–4 mm long) and a terminal corymbose panicle inflorescence. An easily recognizable feature is the stipitate gland at the apex of the bracts and bracteoles, however this was not observed in all the analyzed exsiccatae. Collected with flowers January to May and August, and fruits in February, August and November.</p><p>Hirtella insignis occurs in Alagoas, Bahia and EspÍrito Santo (Asprino 2023). In the latter, it is recorded in Restinga, Ombrophilous forest and Mata de Tabuleiro, in Águia Branca, Aracruz, Conceição da Barra, Domingos Martins, Itapemirim, Linhares, Rio Bananal and Sooretama municipalities. This species was assessed as Near Threatened (NT) for Brazil, and Data Deficient (DD) for the state of EspÍrito Santo (Fernandez &amp; Moraes 2019; Fraga et al. 2019). However, the conservation status of H.</p><p>insignis for the state should be re-evaluated as we found specimens from municipalities where the species had not been previously reported. This additional data suggests that the species is not currently threatened. Hirtella insignis occurs in different municipalities and is present in some protected areas (e.g., Floresta Nacional de Goytacazes, Reserva Biológica de Comboios, Reserva Biológica do Córrego Grande, Reserva Natural Vale).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC2F5616FF92FFC2874FFEBE552BFC18	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Barros, Natália;Menezes, Luis Fernando Tavares de;Sothers, Cynthia;Peixoto, Ariane Luna	Barros, Natália, Menezes, Luis Fernando Tavares de, Sothers, Cynthia, Peixoto, Ariane Luna (2025): Flora of Espírito Santo: Chrysobalanaceae. Rodriguesia (e 00872024) 76: 1-39, DOI: 10.1590/2175-7860202576015, URL: https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860202576015
CC2F5616FF91FFC284E8FC1E57FAFD41.text	CC2F5616FF91FFC284E8FC1E57FAFD41.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hirtella parviunguis Prance, Revista	<div><p>4.6. Hirtella parviunguis Prance, Revista Brasil. Bot. 2(1): 34. 1979. Figs. 1 e-f; 8</p><p>Tree, up to 23 m tall, DBH 38 cm, stem 12 m tall, cylindric, bark rough; young branches sparsely pubescent, becoming glabrous with age, lenticellate. Leaves elliptic, 3.9–7.2 × 1.3–2.9 cm, chartaceous, discolorous, base cuneate, apex acute to acuminate, acumen 3–4 mm long, glabrous on both sides, midrib plane to prominulous adaxially, prominulous abaxially, primary veins 7–9 pairs, sometimes with discoid glands at the base of the lamina; petiole 2–3 mm long, pubescent, terete, eglandular; stipules 2, lanceolate, 3–6 mm long, chartaceous, pubescent, at petiole basis, persistent. Inflorescence terminal, racemose, pubescent; bracts 2, lanceolate, 6–7 mm long, pubescent; bracteoles 1, triangular, ca. 2 mm long, pubescent, eglandular. Flowers ca. 1.7 cm long, pubescent, pedicel 4–6 cm long; receptacle campanulate, 2–3 mm long, glabrous except at throat; sepals rounded, with acute apex, ca. 3 mm long, pubescent, reflexed; petals elliptic, ca. 3 mm long, glabrous; stamens 6, inserted unilaterally, filaments 1.2–1.3 cm long, free; ovary ca. 1 mm long, sericeous, style 1.1–1.3 cm long, basal 1/3 sericeous. Drupe dark green, obovoid, sessile, 2.2–2.9 × 1.4–1.5 cm, epicarp smooth, longitudinally striate, glabrous.</p><p>Selected material examined: Domingos Martins, Melgaço, 8.XI.1993, fr., G. Hatschbach 59746 (CEPEC, US). Linhares, estrada a povoação, 30.III.1971, fl., T.S. Santos 1512 (CEPEC, NY); Reserva Natural Vale, Estrada Parajú,</p><p>próximo à antiga casa de guarda, 24.VIII.1993, fr., D.A. Folli 1958 (CVRD, RB) .</p><p>Hirtella parviunguis is close to H. barrosoi (see comments under this species). However, it can be distinguished by the leaves with shorter acumen, stipules at base of petiole, racemose inflorescence, larger bracts and higher number of stamens. Collected with flowers from March to July, and fruits from August to November.</p><p>Hirtella parviunguis is here confirmed endemic to EspÍrito Santo state, recorded only in the municipalities of Domingos Martins and Linhares, in Restinga, Ombrophilous forest and Mata de Tabuleiro areas. This species is classified as EN for the country (Brasil 2022) and Critically Endangered (CR) for the state (Fraga et al. 2019). It was collected in only one protected area, Reserva Natural Vale.</p><p>The common names for this species are cabaceiro (D.A. Folli 2007) and macucurana (D.A. Folli 1958)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC2F5616FF91FFC284E8FC1E57FAFD41	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Barros, Natália;Menezes, Luis Fernando Tavares de;Sothers, Cynthia;Peixoto, Ariane Luna	Barros, Natália, Menezes, Luis Fernando Tavares de, Sothers, Cynthia, Peixoto, Ariane Luna (2025): Flora of Espírito Santo: Chrysobalanaceae. Rodriguesia (e 00872024) 76: 1-39, DOI: 10.1590/2175-7860202576015, URL: https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860202576015
CC2F5616FF91FFC4874FFCCB5528FBD8.text	CC2F5616FF91FFC4874FFCCB5528FBD8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hirtella racemosa Lam., Encycl.	<div><p>4.7. Hirtella racemosa Lam., Encycl. 3(1): 133. 1789. Figs. 7 c-d; 8</p><p>Shrub or small tree, up to 4 m tall, young branches sparsely hispid, becoming glabrous with age, lenticellate. Leaves oblong to obovate, 10–14.1 × 3.1–4.8 cm, chartaceous, discolorous, base cuneate, apex acuminate, acumen 1–1.3 cm long, glabrous to glabrescent on both sides, midrib prominent on both sides, glabrous to sparsely hispid, primary veins 9–11 pairs, eglandular, margin glabrous to sparsely hispid; petiole 3–4 mm long, sparsely hispid, terete, eglandular; stipules 2, 5–9 mm long, linear, chartaceous, glabrous to sparsely hispid, caducous. Inflorescence subterminal to axillary, racemose, pubescent; bracts 2, linear, ca. 7 mm long, pubescent to sparsely hispid, with sessile glands; bracteoles 2, linear, 1.5 mm long, pubescent to sparsely hispid, with sessile glands. Flowers 1.6–2 cm long, pubescent, pedicel 3–4 mm long; receptacle campanulate, 1–2 mm long, glabrous; sepals triangular to rounded, 2–3 mm long, pubescent, reflexed; petals white, rounded, 4–5 mm long, glabrous; stamens 6, lilac or yellow with pinkish apex, inserted unilaterally, filaments 1–1.2 cm long, united at base; ovary ca. 1 mm long, villous, style 1.1–1.3 cm long, basal 1/3 hispid. Drupe reddish, ellipsoid, sessile, 1.4–1.5 × 0.5–0.6 cm, epicarp smooth, longitudinally striate, glabrescent.</p><p>Selected material examined: Barra de São Francisco, Parque Municipal Sombra da Tarde, 12.XII.2000, fr., L. Kollmann 3510 (MBML) . Conceição da Barra, Rebio Córrego Grande, trilha dos km, 11.XII.2022, fl., M.S. Carvalho-Neta 43 (SAMES) . Governador Lindenberg, Mata da Prefeitura, 14.XI.2006, fr., V. Demuner 3070 (MBML) . Linhares, Reserva Natural Vale, Trilha do Peroba-amarela, 28.XI.2017, fl., G.S. Siqueira 1207 (CVRD) . Marilândia, Liberdade, propriedade Deoclécio Lorenccini, 11.XII.2007, fl., V. Demuner 4743 (MBML) .</p><p>Hirtella racemosa has three varieties, H. racemosa var. hexandra (Willd. ex Roem. &amp; Schult.) Prance, H. racemosa var. hispida Prance and H. racemosa var. racemosa, but as the characters overlap in the material examined, this classification is not adopted here.</p><p>Hirtella racemosa can be recognized by the sparsely hispid to glabrous branches, larger leaves with cuneate base, glabrous to sparsely hispid margin, hispid petiole and stipules, racemose inflorescence and bracteoles with sessile glands. Collected with flowers from October to February, and fruits in November and December.</p><p>This species has a wide distribution, from North to South America (Prance &amp; Sothers 2003b). In Brazil it has already been recorded in all the states of the North, Northeast and Central-West regions, and EspÍrito Santo, Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro in the Southeast region (Asprino 2023; Barros et al. 2022). In EspÍrito Santo it occurs in Restinga, Ombrophilous forest and Mata de Tabuleiro, in Barra de São Francisco, Conceição da Barra, Governador Lindenberg, Linhares, Marilândia and Vila Pavão municipalities. This species was assessed as Least Concern (LC) at a national level, but for the state of EspÍrito Santo it is assessed as Endangered (EN) (Oliveira &amp; Messina 2012; Fraga et al. 2019). It is represented by a few collections spread throughout the state and was collected in three protected areas: Parque Natural Municipal Sombra da Tarde, Reserva Biológica do Córrego Grande and Reserva Natural Vale, which confirms the EN status.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC2F5616FF91FFC4874FFCCB5528FBD8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Barros, Natália;Menezes, Luis Fernando Tavares de;Sothers, Cynthia;Peixoto, Ariane Luna	Barros, Natália, Menezes, Luis Fernando Tavares de, Sothers, Cynthia, Peixoto, Ariane Luna (2025): Flora of Espírito Santo: Chrysobalanaceae. Rodriguesia (e 00872024) 76: 1-39, DOI: 10.1590/2175-7860202576015, URL: https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860202576015
CC2F5616FF97FFC484E8FB5D50A6FC27.text	CC2F5616FF97FFC484E8FB5D50A6FC27.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hirtella santosii Prance, Revista	<div><p>4.8. Hirtella santosii Prance, Revista Brasil. Bot. 2(1): 34. 1979. Fig. 8</p><p>Shrub, up to 2 m tall, young branches hispid, becoming sparsely hispid with age, lenticellate. Leaves elliptic to oblong-elliptic, 11–14 × 3.8–5.7 cm, chartaceous, discolorous, base rounded, apex acuminate, acumen 4–7 mm long, sparsely hispid to glabrescent adaxially, sparsely hispid abaxially, margin sparsely hispid, midrib prominulous adaxially, prominent abaxially, hispid, primary veins 11–13 pairs, sparsely hispid to glabrescent on both surfaces, discoid glands throughout the lamina; petiole 3–4 mm long, hispid, terete, eglandular; stipules 2, ca. 4 mm long, lanceolate, chartaceous, hispid, persistent. Inflorescence terminal, racemose, densely hispid; bracts 1, lanceolate, 2–3 mm long, hispid, with sessile glands; bracteoles 2, triangular, ca. 1 mm long, hispid, with sessile glands. Flowers 2–2.5 cm long, sparsely hispid, pedicel ca. 1.1 cm long; receptacle campanulate, ca. 3 mm long, glabrous except at throat; sepals triangular, 3–3.5 mm long, pubescent, reflexed; petals white, triangular to rounded, 4–5 mm long, glabrous; stamens 7, in a complete circle, filaments vinaceous 1.3–1.4 cm long, united at base; ovary ca. 1.5 mm long, villous, style ca. 1.5 mm long, basal 1/3 hirsute. Drupe not seen.</p><p>Material examined: Domingos Martins, BR-262, prox. a Vitor Hugo, Rio Jucu, Braço Sul, 17.I.1995, fl., G. Hatschbach</p><p>61601 (CEPEC). Linhares, Reserva Natural Vale, Estrada Paraju, km 0, 2.XII.2006, fl., E.J. Lucas 974 (CVRD, ESA, K, RB) .</p><p>Additional material: BRAZIL. BAHIA: Almadina, Serra do Corcovado, acesso pela fazenda de Seu Francisco, 23.XI.2014, fl., R. Asprino 112 (RB) .</p><p>Hirtella santosii is similar to H. hebeclada as mentioned before but can be characterized by the rounded leaf base, longer acumen and higher number of primary veins. Collected with flowers in December.</p><p>Hirtella santosii is an Atlantic Forest endemic species, and is recorded to Alagoas, Bahia and EspÍrito Santo (Asprino 2023; Asprino &amp; Amorim 2016). In the latter it is recorded by only two collections, in Ombrophilous forest and Mata de Tabuleiro, in Domingos Martins and Linhares municipalities, one of them inside a protected area (Reserva Natural Vale). This species is assessed as Endangered (EN) for the country (Brasil 2022) and we suggest the same category for the state.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC2F5616FF97FFC484E8FB5D50A6FC27	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Barros, Natália;Menezes, Luis Fernando Tavares de;Sothers, Cynthia;Peixoto, Ariane Luna	Barros, Natália, Menezes, Luis Fernando Tavares de, Sothers, Cynthia, Peixoto, Ariane Luna (2025): Flora of Espírito Santo: Chrysobalanaceae. Rodriguesia (e 00872024) 76: 1-39, DOI: 10.1590/2175-7860202576015, URL: https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860202576015
CC2F5616FF97FFC5874FFC6A5076F88E.text	CC2F5616FF97FFC5874FFC6A5076F88E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hirtella sprucei Hook. f.	<div><p>4.9. Hirtella sprucei Benth. ex Hook.f., Fl. bras . (Martius) 14(2): 31. 1867. Figs. 7 e-f; 8</p><p>Shrub or tree, up to 8 m tall, DBH 6 cm, stem ca. 5 m tall, cylindric, bark rough; young branches hispid, becoming glabrous with age, lenticellate. Leaves oblong, 9.6–17 × 2.1–3.3 cm, chartaceous, discolorous, base subcordate, apex acuminate, acumen 0.6–1 cm long, glabrous on both sides, midrib prominent on both sides, glabrous to sparsely hispid, primary veins 7–13 pairs, eglandular; petiole 2–4 mm long, hispid, terete, eglandular; stipules 2, linear, 6–7 mm long, chartaceous, hispid, caducous. Inflorescence subterminal to axillary, racemose, pubescent; bracts 2, linear, 3–6 mm long, hispid, eglandular; bracteoles 2, triangular, ca. 0.5 mm long, pubescent, with sessile glands. Flowers white, 1.5–1.9 cm long, pubescent, pedicel 3–4 mm long; receptacle campanulate, 1–2 mm long, glabrous except at throat; sepals triangular, 2–3 mm long, pubescent, reflexed; petals rounded, 3–3.5 mm long, glabrous; stamens 4–5, inserted unilaterally, purplish, filaments 1.9 cm long, free; ovary villous, ca. 1 mm, style ca. 5 mm long, basal 1/3 hispid. Drupe ellipsoid, sessile, 1.4–1.9 × 0.6–0.7 cm, epicarp smooth, longitudinally striate, glabrescent to glabrous.</p><p>Selected material examined: Conceição da Barra, Rebio do Córrego Grande, floresta alta sobre tabuleiro, km 5 ao 6 da estrada interna, 5.VI.2011, fr., M. Ribeiro 551 (SAMES). Linhares, Reserva Natural Vale, Estrada da Jueranavermelha, Barra Seca, fr., M.B. Paciencia 2463 (CVRD, ESA); Estrada 161, km 1250, lado direito, 26.XII.1979, fl .,</p><p>I.A.Silva 136 (INPA, NY,RB, RBR).Nova Venécia, Fazenda</p><p>Santa Rita, ao pé da pedra da torre (P7), 21.II.2018, fl. and fr., J.A.C. Gurtler 497 (VIES) . São Mateus, 8.XI.2022, fl., L.F.T. Menezes 3257 (SAMES) . Serra, APA Mestre Álvaro, 15.II.2013, fl., P.H.D. Barros 166 (VIES) . Vila Pavão, Barra da Rapadura, Fazenda do Sr. Wagner Scardini, 16.II.2014, fl., R.C. Forzza 7837 (HUEFS, K, RB, VIES) .</p><p>Hirtella sprucei is easily distinguished by the hispid to glabrous branches, slender leaves, hispid indumentum on the lamina midrib, petiole and stipules, subcordate leaf base, short petiole (sometimes partially covered by the leaf) and nonconspicuous primary veins. Collected with flowers from November to March and fruits in January and June.</p><p>Hirtella sprucei has been recorded in Bahia, EspÍrito Santo, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro states (Asprino 2023). In EspÍrito Santo it occurs in Restinga, Ombrophilous forest, Mussununga and Mata de Tabuleiro, in Conceição da Barra, Linhares, Nova Venécia, São Mateus, Serra and Vila Pavão municipalities. It is assessed as Vulnerable (VU) for the state (Fraga et al. 2019), where it was collected in four protected areas: Área de Proteção Ambiental de Mestre Álvaro, Floresta Nacional de Goytacazes, Reserva Natural Vale and Reserva Biológica do Córrego Grande. It may not be in a lower extinction risk.</p><p>The common name for this species is cordãode-frade (D.A. Folli 5468, G.S. Siqueira 1346).</p><p>4.10. Hirtella triandra Sw., Prodr. 51. 1788. Fig. 8 Tree, up to 9 m tall, DBH 25 cm; young branches sparsely hispid, becoming glabrous with age, lenticellate. Leaves elliptic, 4.4–10.9 × 2.5–4.1</p><p>cm, chartaceous, discolorous, base cuneate, apex acute to acuminate, acumen ca. 3 mm long, glabrous on both sides, midrib plane to prominulous adaxially, prominent abaxially, basal 1/3 hirsute to glabrous adaxially, sparsely hispid abaxially, primary veins 8–10 pairs, sparsely hispid abaxially, with discoid glands throughout leaf lamina, margin slightly revolute; petiole 2–3 mm long, sparsely hispid to glabrous, terete, eglandular; stipules 2, linear, 2–3 mm long, chartaceous, hispid, caducous. Inflorescence terminal or axillary, paniculate, hispid; bracts 2, triangular, 5–6 mm long, hispid, margin with sessile glands; bracteoles 2, triangular, 1–3 mm long, hispid, eglandular. Flowers 1.3–1.6 cm long, pubescent, pedicel ca. 1.5–2 cm long; receptacle campanulate, ca. 1 mm long, glabrous; sepals rounded, with acute apex, 2–3 mm long, puberulous, reflexed; petals rounded, 1.5–2 mm long, glabrous; stamens 3, inserted unilaterally, filaments 1.1–1.2 cm long, united at base; ovary ca. 1–1.5 mm long, sericeous, style ca. 1–1.5 cm long, basal 1/3 tomentulose. Drupe obovoid, sessile,</p><p>1.1–1.9 × 0.6–0.9 cm, epicarp smooth, longitudinally striate, glabrescent.</p><p>Selected material examined: Águia Branca, Assentamento 16 de abril, 4.X.2007, fl. and fr., H.Q. Boudet Fernandes 3485 (MBML) . Alegre, São João do Norte, PCH Santa Fé, reservatório de derivação, ilha pluvial do Rio Braço Norte, 5.VIII.2008, fl., V.C. Manhães 98 (MBML, VIES) . Cachoeiro de Itapemirim, R.F. Bananal do Norte, 29.IX.1993, fl., G. Acacio 68 (CAP, VIES) . Colatina, margem do Pancas, Estrada Velha, Rio Doce, 20.IX.1930, fl. and fr., J.G. Kuhlmann 381 (RB). Conceição da Barra, Flona do Rio Preto, trilha da sede abandonada, 12.XI.2019, fl. and fr., S.C. Dutra 32 (VIES) . Governador Lindenberg, Morelo, propriedade de Fernando Nicolli, 5.XI.2007, fl., V.Demuner 4456 (MBML) . Linhares, Reserva Natural Vale, C.N. Gávea, 25.VI.2010, fl. and fr., V.B.R. Ferreira 138 (RB, VIES) . Nova Venécia, fazenda próxima a pedra da cebola, atações no meio do pasto, estrada seguindo para Gameleira, 4.XI.2010, fl. and fr., M. Ribeiro 355 (RB, SAMES, VIES) . Pinheiros, Rebio Córrego do Veado, estrada a esquerda da sede da Rebio que vai para o Córrego da água limpa, 15.VIII.2010, fl., I.S. Broggio 81 (RB, VIES) ; 1.XI.2010, fr., I.S. Broggio 109 (RB, VIES) . Santa Teresa, Várzea Alegre, Cachoeira do Mandalon, 27.VII.2000, fl., V. Demuner 1328 (MBML) . Serra, Nova Almeida, SÍtio São José, 28.XII.1999, fl. and fr., I.D. Rodrigues 232 (VIES) ; propriedade de Venturini e José Altoé, estrada para Putiri, 24.XII.1999, fr., I.D. Rodrigues 215 (VIES) . Sooretama, estrada entre vilarejo Juncado e a Rebio de Sooretama, 2.X.2016, fl. and fr., K.S. Valdemarin 160 (CEN, CVRD, ESA, RB, SPSF, UEC) .</p><p>Hirtella triandra has three subspecies, H. triandra subsp. media (Standl.) Prance, H. triandra subsp. punctulata (Miq.) Prance and H. triandra subsp. triandra, but the characters that delimit them often overlap in the specimens analyzed. Thus, no infraspecific taxa was used here.</p><p>Hirtella triandra can be distinguished by the glabrous elliptic leaves, with cuneate base and slightly revolute margin, paniculate hispid inflorescence and flowers with only 3 stamens. Collected with flowers in July and September to December, and fruits from April to December.</p><p>This taxon occurs in Acre, Amazonas, Bahia, EspÍrito Santo, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Pará, Rio de Janeiro, Rondônia, and Roraima (Asprino 2023). In EspÍrito Santo state it was collected in Restinga, Ombrophilous forest and Mata de Tabuleiro, in Águia Branca, Alegre, Cachoeiro de Itapemirim, Colatina, Conceição da Barra, Governador Lindenberg, Linhares, Nova Venécia, Pinheiros, Santa Teresa, Serra and Sooretama municipalities. Although H. triandra was assessed as Vulnerable (VU) for the state (Fraga et al. 2019), this species is present in 10 municipalities and four protected areas (Floresta Nacional do Rio Preto, Reserva Biológica Córrego do Veado, Reserva Biológica de Sooretama, Reserva Natural Vale) and may not be at such a high risk of extinction.</p><p>The common names for this species are azeitona-ciliar (D.A. Folli 2065) and azeitona-domorro (D.A. Folli 6666).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC2F5616FF97FFC5874FFC6A5076F88E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Barros, Natália;Menezes, Luis Fernando Tavares de;Sothers, Cynthia;Peixoto, Ariane Luna	Barros, Natália, Menezes, Luis Fernando Tavares de, Sothers, Cynthia, Peixoto, Ariane Luna (2025): Flora of Espírito Santo: Chrysobalanaceae. Rodriguesia (e 00872024) 76: 1-39, DOI: 10.1590/2175-7860202576015, URL: https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860202576015
CC2F5616FF95FFC684E8FE74509FFC7E.text	CC2F5616FF95FFC684E8FE74509FFC7E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hymenopus heteromorphus var. heteromorphus (Benth.) Kew Bull.	<div><p>5.1. Hymenopus heteromorphus (Benth.) Sothers &amp; Prance var. heteromorphus, Kew Bull. 71(58): 18. 2016.</p><p>Basionym: Licania heteromorpha Benth., J. Bot. (Hooker), 2: 221. 1840. Figs. 1 g-h; 2</p><p>Tree, up to 26 m tall, DBH 18–55 cm., stem ca. 5–16 m tall; young branches hispid, becoming glabrous with age, lenticellate. Leaves elliptic to oblong-elliptic, 7.7–10.2 × 3.2–4.7 cm, chartaceous to coriaceous, slightly discolorous, base cuneate, with 2 glands, apex rounded to acute, glabrous on both sides, midrib prominulous adaxially, sparsely hispid on both surfaces, becoming glabrous with age adaxially, without stomatal crypts, margin glabrous to hispid, becoming glabrous with age, primary veins 10–13 pairs, sparsely hispid abaxially; petiole 4–6 mm long, hispid, terete; stipules 2, lanceolate, ca. 5.5 mm long, chartaceous, hispid abaxially, caducous. Inflorescence subterminal to terminal, panicle of cymules, pubescent; bracts caducous (not seen); bracteoles 1–1.5 mm long, triangular, pubescent. Flowers 2–5 mm long, white, green or yellow, pubescent, sessile or pedicellate, pedicel 1–1.5 mm long; receptacle campanulate, 1–1.5 mm long, pubescent; sepals triangular, ca. 1 mm long, glabrous adaxially, pubescent abaxially;petals 5, ca. 1 mm long, glabrous adaxially, pubescent abaxially; stamens 5, filaments ca. 0.5 mm long, glabrous, free, included, inserted in a complete circle; ovary ca. 0.5 mm long, inserted at receptacle base, villous; style ca. 0.5 mm long, glabrous. Drupe globose, sessile, 2–2.7 × 2.2–2.5 cm, epicarp granular, glabrous.</p><p>Selected material examined: Conceição da Barra, Aracruz Celulose S.A., 22.IX.1992,fr., O.J.Pereira 3883 (VIES) ; Itaúnas, mata seca de restinga sobre cordão arenoso próximo de uma área entre cordões dominado por Montrichardia, área atrás da Fazenda Jequitaia, 14.I.2010, fl., A. Giaretta 692 (SAMES) . Linhares, Reserva Natural Vale, 14.XII.1981, fl., H.C. de Lima 1660 (NY, RB) . Jaguaré, lado esquerdo da casa de guarda na área do Estivado, 30.XI.1992,fr., D.A. Folli 1744 (RB) . Marilândia, Alto Liberdade,propriedade de Deuclecio Lorenzini. 19.IV.2006, fr., L.F.S. Magnago 943 (MBML) . Pinheiros, Rebio Córrego do Veado, 13.II.2022, L.F.T Menezes 2937 (SAMES) . Santa Teresa, Rebio Augusto Ruschi, Nova Lombardia, 7.XI.2001, fr., L. Kollmann 4985 (MBML) .</p><p>Hymenopus heteromorphus var. heteromorphus is quite different from the other taxa occurring in the state. The flowers and its structures are reduced, especially the included stamens. In some exsiccatae there are pedicellate and sessile flowers in the same inflorescence. The slightly discolorous leaves and the hispid pubescence present on young branches, stipules, leaf margin and primary veins also help in its identification. Collected with flowers from March to July and December, and fruits from April and September to November.</p><p>This taxon occurs in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru and Venezuela (Sothers et al. 2016). In Brazil it is recorded in Amazonas, Amapá, EspÍrito Santo, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Pará, Rio de Janeiro, Rondônia and Roraima (Barros et al. 2022; Sothers &amp; Prance 2023d). In EspÍrito Santo it occurs in Restinga, Ombrophilous forest and Mata de Tabuleiro, in Conceição da Barra, Linhares,Jaguaré, Marilândia, Pinheiros and Santa Teresa municipalities. In the state it was collected in three protected areas (Reserva Natural Vale, Reserva Biológica Córrego do Veado, Reserva Biológica Augusto Ruschi) and can be considered “Near Threatened” (NT).</p><p>The common name for this species is Carrapeta (D.A. Folli 1744, D.A. Folli 4801, I.A. Silva 008).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC2F5616FF95FFC684E8FE74509FFC7E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Barros, Natália;Menezes, Luis Fernando Tavares de;Sothers, Cynthia;Peixoto, Ariane Luna	Barros, Natália, Menezes, Luis Fernando Tavares de, Sothers, Cynthia, Peixoto, Ariane Luna (2025): Flora of Espírito Santo: Chrysobalanaceae. Rodriguesia (e 00872024) 76: 1-39, DOI: 10.1590/2175-7860202576015, URL: https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860202576015
CC2F5616FF95FFC684E8FF13562FFE31.text	CC2F5616FF95FFC684E8FF13562FFE31.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hymenopus (Benth.) Sothers & Prance, Kew Bull.	<div><p>5. Hymenopus (Benth.) Sothers &amp; Prance, Kew Bull. 71(4)-58: 14. 2016.</p><p>The genus comprises 28 species, distributed from Central and South America (Sothers et al. 2016). In Brazil there are 20 accepted species, one of which occurs in EspÍrito Santo, Hymenopus heteromorphus var. heteromorphus (Benth.) Sothers &amp; Prance.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC2F5616FF95FFC684E8FF13562FFE31	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Barros, Natália;Menezes, Luis Fernando Tavares de;Sothers, Cynthia;Peixoto, Ariane Luna	Barros, Natália, Menezes, Luis Fernando Tavares de, Sothers, Cynthia, Peixoto, Ariane Luna (2025): Flora of Espírito Santo: Chrysobalanaceae. Rodriguesia (e 00872024) 76: 1-39, DOI: 10.1590/2175-7860202576015, URL: https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860202576015
CC2F5616FF95FFC6874FFC3C5155F9E4.text	CC2F5616FF95FFC6874FFC3C5155F9E4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptobalanus (Benth.) Sothers & Prance, Kew Bull.	<div><p>6. Leptobalanus (Benth.) Sothers &amp; Prance, Kew Bull. 71(4)-58: 21. 2016.</p><p>Shrubs or trees. Leaf lower surface glabrous, tomentose or lanate, stomatal crypts present or absent. Inflorescence panicle, racemose panicle or panicle of cymes. Bracteoles small. Sepals 5. Petals absent.Stamens (7–)8–10(12–22), filaments usually far exceeding calyx lobes, in a complete circle; filaments free or less often slightly connate at base, glabrous. Ovary villous or bearing some form of pilosity, rarely entirely glabrous; inserted at base of receptacle. Fruit globose to ellipsoid; epicarp smooth, lenticellate or pubescent; endocarp pubescent or rarely glabrous (Sothers et al. 2016).</p><p>With 31 species, Leptobalanus is distributed from Mexico to Brazil (Prance &amp; Sothers 2003b). In Brazil the genus has 15 species, present in the Amazonian domain, Atlantic Forest and Cerrado (Sothers &amp; Prance 2023e) . In EspÍrito Santo it is represented by two species, Leptobalanus octandrus (Hoffmanns. ex Schult. &amp; Roem.) Sothers &amp; Prance subsp. octandrus and Leptobalanus turbinatus (Benth.) Sothers &amp; Prance.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC2F5616FF95FFC6874FFC3C5155F9E4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Barros, Natália;Menezes, Luis Fernando Tavares de;Sothers, Cynthia;Peixoto, Ariane Luna	Barros, Natália, Menezes, Luis Fernando Tavares de, Sothers, Cynthia, Peixoto, Ariane Luna (2025): Flora of Espírito Santo: Chrysobalanaceae. Rodriguesia (e 00872024) 76: 1-39, DOI: 10.1590/2175-7860202576015, URL: https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860202576015
CC2F5616FF94FFC9874FFD1955A6FDE8.text	CC2F5616FF94FFC9874FFD1955A6FDE8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptobalanus turbinatus (Benth.) Sothers & Prance, Kew Bull.	<div><p>6.2. Leptobalanus turbinatus (Benth.) Sothers &amp; Prance, Kew Bull. 71(4)-58: 28. 2016.</p><p>Basionym: Licania turbinata Benth., J. Bot. (Hooker) 2: 218. 1840. Fig. 9</p><p>Tree?; young branches glabrescent, becoming glabrous with age, lenticellate. Leaves elliptic, 3.1–5.2 × 2.3–2.6 cm, coriaceous, discolorous, base rounded, apex acute to rounded, glabrous on both sides, without stomatal crypts, midrib prominulous adaxially, prominent abaxially, primary veins 7–9 pairs, margin slightly revolute; petiole 3–4 mm long, glabrous, canaliculate, eglandular; stipules 2, ca. 4 mm long, lanceolate, glabrous, caducous. Inflorescence terminal, compound cymes, pubescent; bracts lanceolate, 1 mm long, pubescent, sometimes with discoid glands at base; bracteoles 3, triangular, ca. 0.5 mm long, pubescent, eglandular. Flowers ca. 6 mm long, pedicellate, pedicel ca. 1 mm long, pubescent, receptacle campanulate, ca. 1.5–2 mm long, pubescent on the inside, tomentose at apex; sepals triangular, ca. 1.5 mm long, pubescent; stamens ca. 10, 1–4 mm long, free, filaments glabrous; ovary ca. 1 mm long, sericeous; style ca. 6 mm long, tomentose at base. Drupe ellipsoid, not stipitate, 2.3–2.5 × 1.9–2 cm, epicarp smooth, glabrous.</p><p>Material examined: Vitória, 6.II.1941, fr., A. Ruschi SP45069 (SP) .</p><p>Additional material: BAHIA. Porto Seguro, próximo ao Arraial da Ajuda, 25.XI.1963, fl., A.P.Duarte 8057 (NY, RB) .</p><p>Leptobalanus turbinatus can be confused with Licania littoralis by their glabrous leaves, of similar size, number of primary veins, slightly revolute margin and short petiole. It can be distinguished by the less conspicuous primary veins, flowers with exserted and more numerous stamens, and the glabrous and not stipitate fruit. Collected with fruits in February.</p><p>As the only specimen for EspÍrito Santo does not have the habit or other stem details available, we do not include this information in the description. Specimens from Bahia, a neighbouring state, are trees, up to 3 m tall .</p><p>Leptobalanus turbinatus occurs in areas of restinga in Bahia and Pernambuco (Sothers &amp;</p><p>Prance 2023), and is here first recorded for the state of EspÍrito Santo, only in the municipality of Vitória. In the state this species is represented by only one record from 1941 and it is not associated with any protected area, which suggests it is under a high threat level. Brasil (2022) assessed it as</p><p>“Endangered” (EN) for the country.</p><p>The common name for this species is faiabranca (A. Ruschi SP 45069).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC2F5616FF94FFC9874FFD1955A6FDE8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Barros, Natália;Menezes, Luis Fernando Tavares de;Sothers, Cynthia;Peixoto, Ariane Luna	Barros, Natália, Menezes, Luis Fernando Tavares de, Sothers, Cynthia, Peixoto, Ariane Luna (2025): Flora of Espírito Santo: Chrysobalanaceae. Rodriguesia (e 00872024) 76: 1-39, DOI: 10.1590/2175-7860202576015, URL: https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860202576015
CC2F5616FF9AFFC984E8FD53508CFD42.text	CC2F5616FF9AFFC984E8FD53508CFD42.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Licania Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane	<div><p>7. Licania Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 1: 119. 1775.</p><p>Trees or shrubs. Leaf variously pilose or glabrous, with or without stomatal crypts;</p><p>petiole with a pair of glands present or absent. Inflorescences racemose panicles, panicles or spikes; bracteoles usually much shorter than or rarely equaling calyx, not enclosing flower buds.</p><p>Petals absent. Sepals subequal, acute. Stamens 2–7</p><p>(8–11), unilateral or less frequently inserted in a complete circle; filaments shorter than or equaling the calyx lobes, mostly free to base and glabrous or less often sparsely pubescent. Ovary 1-carpellate,</p><p>pilose, inserted at the base of receptacle, style filiform. Drupe globose to ellipsoid, epicarp tomentose, pubescent, pulverulent, or smooth.</p><p>(Prance &amp; Sothers 2003a; Sothers et al. 2016)</p><p>The genus comprises ca. 100 species,</p><p>distributed throughout the Neotropics (Sothers et al. 2016). In Brazil, there are 74 species of Licania,</p><p>present in all states of the North, Central-West and Southeast regions and in seven states of the</p><p>Northeast region (Sothers &amp; Prance 2023f). In EspÍrito Santo it is represented by 12 species .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC2F5616FF9AFFC984E8FD53508CFD42	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Barros, Natália;Menezes, Luis Fernando Tavares de;Sothers, Cynthia;Peixoto, Ariane Luna	Barros, Natália, Menezes, Luis Fernando Tavares de, Sothers, Cynthia, Peixoto, Ariane Luna (2025): Flora of Espírito Santo: Chrysobalanaceae. Rodriguesia (e 00872024) 76: 1-39, DOI: 10.1590/2175-7860202576015, URL: https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860202576015
CC2F5616FF99FFCA84E8F903505AF9E7.text	CC2F5616FF99FFCA84E8F903505AF9E7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Licania arianeae Prance, Fl. Neotrop. Monogr.	<div><p>7.2. Licania arianeae Prance, Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 9 S: 44. 1989. Fig. 9</p><p>Tree, up to 20 m tall, DBH 22 cm, stem 18 m tall, cylindric, rough bark, young branches pubescent, becoming glabrous with age, lenticellate. Leaves elliptic to oblong-elliptic, 7.4–10.8 × 3.3–4.1 cm, chartaceous, discolorous, base cuneate to obtuse, apex rounded to acuminate, acumen ca. 5 mm long, glabrous adaxially, tomentulose abaxially, conspicuous stomatal crypts, midrib prominulous adaxially, prominent abaxially, glabrescent, primary veins 9–13 pairs; petiole 6–7 mm long, pubescent, slightly canaliculate, with 2 sessile glands at apex; stipules 2, 0.7–1 cm long, rectangular to lanceolate, pubescent, persistent. Inflorescence terminal to axillary, panicle of cymes, tomentulose; bracts 1, lanceolate, ca. 7 mm long, tomentulose, caducous; bracteoles 3, triangular, ca. 0.5 mm long, pubescent. Flowers 5–6 mm long, pubescent, receptacle campanulate, 3–4 mm long, tomentulose on the inside, pedicel ca. 1 mm long; sepals with acute apex, ca. 2 mm long, puberulous on both sides;</p><p>stamens 7, inserted unilaterally, free, staminodes ca. 5; filaments 1.5–2 mm long, glabrous, pubescent at base; ovary 1–1.5 mm long, villous, style ca. 4.5 mm long, glabrescent. Drupe not seen.</p><p>Selected material examined: Itapemirim, estrada para MarataÍzes, perto do lixão, a ca. de 3 km de MarataÍzes, 22.II.1995, fl., J.R.Pirani 3583 (K, MBM, NY, SPF) . Linhares, Reserva Natural Vale, Estrada Farinha-seca, ant. 221, km 2260, lado direito, 19.V.1980, fl., D.A. Folli 228 (NY, RB); próximo a Estrada 142, Talhão 402, 22.V.1972, fl., A.M. Lino 45 (NY, RB) .</p><p>Licania arianeae can be recognized by the leaves with conspicuous stomatal crypts and long persistent stipules, easily observed characters even in sterile specimens of Chrysobalanaceae . These characters are shared with L. naviculistipula, but L. arianeae can be distinguished by the elliptic to oblong-elliptic leaves, 9–13 pairs of primary veins and 7 stamens (vs. oblong-elliptic to ovate, 8–9 pairs, and 8 stamens in L. naviculistipula). Collected with flowers in February and May.</p><p>Licania arianeae is here confirmed as endemic to the Atlantic Forest, with records from Rio de Janeiro and EspÍrito Santo (Barros et al. 2022). In the latter, it occurs in Restinga, Ombrophilous forest and Mata de Tabuleiro, in Itapemirim and Linhares municipalities. The taxon is classified as</p><p>“Endangered” (EN) (Fraga et al. 2019; Brasil 2022) and it was collected in only one protected area (Reserva Natural Vale).</p><p>The common name for this species is quebramachado (D.A. Folli 228).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC2F5616FF99FFCA84E8F903505AF9E7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Barros, Natália;Menezes, Luis Fernando Tavares de;Sothers, Cynthia;Peixoto, Ariane Luna	Barros, Natália, Menezes, Luis Fernando Tavares de, Sothers, Cynthia, Peixoto, Ariane Luna (2025): Flora of Espírito Santo: Chrysobalanaceae. Rodriguesia (e 00872024) 76: 1-39, DOI: 10.1590/2175-7860202576015, URL: https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860202576015
CC2F5616FF99FFCB874FF9A9503BF980.text	CC2F5616FF99FFCB874FF9A9503BF980.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Licania belemii Prance, Fl. Neotrop. Monogr.	<div><p>7.3. Licania belemii Prance, Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. no. 9: 172. 1972. Fig. 9</p><p>Tree, up to 27 m tall, DBH 31–38.2 cm, stem 10–19 m tall, flat to cylindric, rough bark, branches glabrous, lenticellate. Leaves elliptic to widely elliptic, 9.5–15 × 5.2–7.8 cm, chartaceous, discolorous, base cuneate, apex acuminate, acumen 5–8 cm long, adaxially glabrous, abaxially tomentose, stomatal crypts inconspicuous, midrib plane adaxially, prominent abaxially, primary veins 5–6 pairs; petiole 0.7–1.1 cm long, glabrous, terete to slightly canaliculate, eglandular; stipules 2, ca. 2 mm, lanceolate, pubescent, caducous. Inflorescence terminal to subterminal, racemose panicle, pubescent; bracts 1, triangular, ca. 1 mm, pubescent; bracteoles 3, triangular, ca. 0.2 mm long, pubescent. Flowers yellow, 2–3 mm long, sessile, pubescent; receptacle campanulate, ca. 1.5 mm long, tomentulose on the inside; sepals triangular, ca. 1 mm long, puberulous; stamens 5, inserted in a semi-circle, free, filaments ca. 0.4 mm long, glabrous; ovary ca. 1 mm long, sericeous, style ca. 2 mm long, basal 3/4 tomentose. Immature drupe green to brown, stipitate, 1.6–1.9 × 0.7–1.3 cm, epicarp rugose, pubescent.</p><p>Selected material examined: Cachoeiro de Itapemirim, Flona Pacotuba, 3.VII.2007, L.N. Moreira 48 (VIES) . Conceição da Barra, Rebio do Córrego Grande, estrada interna km 4, 20.VIII.2011, fr., M. Ribeiro 576 (HUEFS, RB, SAMES) . Linhares, Reserva Natural Vale, Estrada 142, km 1250 lado esquerdo, 11.I.1979, fl., D. A. Folli 61/79 (CVRD, INPA, NY, RBR) ; Estrada Municipal Canto Grande, 28.X.2013, fr., D.A. Folli 7121 (CVRD, RB) . Marilândia, Liberdade, propriedade de Reinaldo Bautz, 27.IX.2006, fr., L.F.S. Magnago 1425 (CEPEC, HUEFS, MBML) . Santa Teresa, Estação Biológica de Santa Lúcia, 26.I.2015, fl., P.L.R. Moraes 4697 (BHCB, CEN, CVRD, HRCB) .</p><p>Licania belemii is similar to L. micrantha, as they share the elliptic to widely elliptic leaves, with cuneate base, acuminate apex, close number of primary veins (5–6 pairs in L. belemii vs. 6–7 pairs in L. micrantha) and flower with length (2–3 vs. ca. 3 mm). These species are also particular in having primary veins more widely spaced when compared with other Licania species analysed here. Despite the superficial similarity, L. belemii can be distinguished by the inconspicuous stomatal crypts, usually longer petiole (0.7–1.1 cm vs. 3–9 mm long), more branched inflorescence and higher number of stamens (5 vs. 3). Collected with flowers from December to January and with fruits in January, April and from June to October.</p><p>Licania belemii is restricted to Bahia and EspÍrito Santo states. In EspÍrito Santo it occurs in Mussununga, Ombrophilous forest and Mata de Tabuleiro, in Cachoeiro de Itapemirim, Conceição da Barra, Linhares, Marilândia and Santa Teresa municipalities. It is classified as “Endangered” (EN) in both national and regional assessments (Fraga et al. 2019; Brasil 2022) and it was recorded in four protected areas: Estação Biológica de Santa Lúcia, Floresta Nacional Pacotuba, Reserva Biológica do Córrego Grande and Reserva Nacional Vale.</p><p>The common name for this species is milhotorrado-amarelo (D.A. Folli 5163, D.A. Folli 7121). 7.4. Licania hoehnei Pilg., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin- Dahlem, 8: 541. 1923. Fig. 10</p><p>Shrub to tree, up to 30 m tall; young branches pubescent, becoming glabrous with age, lenticellate. Leaves elliptic, 5–8.1 × 2–3.1 cm, chartaceous, discolorous, base cuneate, apex acuminate, acumen 3–6 mm long, adaxially glabrous, abaxially tomentose, stomatal crypts inconspicuous, midrib plane adaxially, prominent abaxially, pubescent, primary veins 6–7 pairs; petiole 3–5 mm long, pubescent, slightly canaliculate, eglandular; stipules caducous (not seen). Inflorescence terminal, racemose panicle, tomentose; bracts 1, triangular, 1.5–2 mm long, tomentulose; bracteoles 3, triangular, ca. 0.5 mm long, adaxially glabrous, abaxially tomentulose. Flowers 3–3.5 mm long, sessile, tomentulose; receptacle campanulate, 1.5–2 mm long, tomentulose; sepals triangular, ca. 1 mm long, sericeous; stamens 6–7, inserted in a complete circle, free, filaments ca. 0.5 mm long, glabrescent; ovary ca. 1 mm, sericeous; style ca. 2.5 mm long, basal 1/2 pubescent. Drupe ellipsoid, stipitate, 2.8–3.5 × 2.2–2.7 cm, epicarp smooth, pubescent.</p><p>Material examined: Colatina, Estrada do Pancas, 19.IX.1930, fr., J.G. Kuhlmann 364 (RB). São Mateus ,</p><p>Fazenda Alegria, fr., A. Mattos (NY 87948).</p><p>Additional material: BAHIA, Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipó, próximo a Fazenda do Alto do Palácio 23.IX.1981 ,</p><p>fl. and fr., F.C.F. da Silva 82 (MG, RB).</p><p>Licania hoehnei can be confused with L. areolata and L. spicata, but can be distinguished by the combination of leaves with inconspicuous stomatal crypts, slightly canaliculate and short (3–5 mm long) petiole, tomentose racemose panicle inflorescence and flowers with 6 to 7 stamens, inserted in a complete circle. Collected with fruits in September.</p><p>Licania hoehnei occurs in Bolivia and Brazil (Prance &amp; Sothers 2003a). In Brazil it was collected in Bahia, EspÍrito Santo, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo states (Sothers &amp; Prance 2023f). In EspÍrito Santo it occurs in Ombrophilous forest in Colatina and São Mateus municipality. This species is represented by scarce old records, none of them in protected areas, suggesting a higher extinction threat level for Espirito Santo .</p><p>The common name for this species is milho-torrado (J.G. Kuhlmann 364).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC2F5616FF99FFCB874FF9A9503BF980	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Barros, Natália;Menezes, Luis Fernando Tavares de;Sothers, Cynthia;Peixoto, Ariane Luna	Barros, Natália, Menezes, Luis Fernando Tavares de, Sothers, Cynthia, Peixoto, Ariane Luna (2025): Flora of Espírito Santo: Chrysobalanaceae. Rodriguesia (e 00872024) 76: 1-39, DOI: 10.1590/2175-7860202576015, URL: https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860202576015
CC2F5616FF98FFCD874FF98555C0FAA7.text	CC2F5616FF98FFCD874FF98555C0FAA7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Licania hypoleuca var. hypoleuca Benth. var. hypoleuca	<div><p>7.5. Licania hypoleuca Benth. var. hypoleuca . Bot. Voy. Sulphur, 91–92, t. 32. 1844. Figs. 7 g-h; 10</p><p>Tree, up to 19 m tall, DBH 27 cm, stem 14 m, young branches glabrescent, becoming glabrous with age, lenticellate. Leaves elliptic, 4.3–6 × 2.2–3.2 cm, chartaceous, discolorous, base cuneate to obtuse, apex acuminate, acumen up to 5 mm long, glabrous adaxially, tomentulose abaxially, stomatal crypts absent, midrib plane to impressed adaxially,</p><p>prominent abaxially, glabrous abaxially, primary veins 6–7 pairs; petiole 4–5 mm long, pubescent to glabrescent, slightly canaliculate, eglandular; stipules 2, lanceolate, 2–3 mm, glabrescent, caducous. Inflorescence terminal to subterminal, racemose panicle, pubescent; bracts 1, triangular, ca. 1 mm long, pubescent, caducous; bracteoles 3, triangular, ca. 0.5 mm long, pubescent. Flowers light green, ca. 2.5 mm long, pedicellate, pedicel ca. 0.2 mm, pubescent, receptacle campanulate, ca. 1.5 mm long, sericeous on the inside; sepals triangular, ca. 0.8 mm long, pubescent; stamens 4, unilaterally, free, filaments ca. 0.5 mm long, glabrous; ovary ca. 1 mm long, sericeous; style ca. 1.5 mm long, 2/3 sericeous. Immature drupe ellipsoid, stipitate, 1–1.5 × 0.6–0.7 cm, epicarp slightly rugose, pubescent.</p><p>Material examined: Linhares, Reserva Natural Vale,</p><p>Estrada Flamengo, 8.4 km, 27.VIII.2003, fl., D.A. Folli 4586 (CVRD, RB) .</p><p>Licania hypoleuca is quite similar to L. kunthiana, as both have elliptic acuminate leaves, of similar size, cuneate to obtuse base and petiole size, but L. hypoleuca var. hypoleuca can be distinguished by the absence of stomatal crypts, lanceolate stipules and four unilaterally inserted stamens (vs. inconspicuous stomatal crypts, linear stipules, five stamens in a complete circle in L. kunthiana).</p><p>Licania hypoleuca occurs from Mexico to BolÍvia (Prance &amp; Sothers 2003a). In Brazil it occurs in the Amazon region, Bahia and EspÍrito Santo (Sothers &amp; Prance 2023f). In EspÍrito Santo it was collected in Mata de Tabuleiro, only in the municipality of Linhares, which suggests a higher threat level for the species in the state. It was collected in one protected area, Reserva Natural Vale.</p><p>The common name for this species is milhoassado (D.A. Folli 4586).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC2F5616FF98FFCD874FF98555C0FAA7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Barros, Natália;Menezes, Luis Fernando Tavares de;Sothers, Cynthia;Peixoto, Ariane Luna	Barros, Natália, Menezes, Luis Fernando Tavares de, Sothers, Cynthia, Peixoto, Ariane Luna (2025): Flora of Espírito Santo: Chrysobalanaceae. Rodriguesia (e 00872024) 76: 1-39, DOI: 10.1590/2175-7860202576015, URL: https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860202576015
CC2F5616FF9EFFCD84E8FAE957D1F93D.text	CC2F5616FF9EFFCD84E8FAE957D1F93D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Licania kunthiana Hook. f.	<div><p>7.6. Licania kunthiana Hook.f., Fl. bras . 14(2): 16. 1867. Fig. 10</p><p>Tree, up 6–20 m tall, DBH 24–30 cm, stem 10–13 m tall, cylindric, rough bark; young branches pubescent, becoming glabrous with age, lenticellate. Leaves elliptic, 4.5–8.5 × 2–3.7 cm, chartaceous, discolorous, base cuneate to obtuse, apex acuminate, acumen 3–7 mm long, glabrous adaxially, pubescent abaxially, stomatal crypts conspicuous to inconspicuous, midrib impressed adaxially, prominent abaxially, primary veins 7–9 pairs; petiole 4–6 mm long, pubescent, slightly canaliculate, eglandular; stipules 2, linear, persistent, 2–4 mm long, pubescent to glabrous, chartaceous. Inflorescence terminal to subterminal, racemose panicle, sparsely puberulous, bracts 1, triangular to lanceolate, 1–1.5 mm long, puberulous; bracteoles 3, triangular, ca. 0.5 mm long, pubescent. Flowers yellow, ca. 2 mm long, sessile, pubescent; receptacle campanulate, 1.5–2 mm long, pubescent; sepals triangular, 0.5–1 mm long, pubescent; stamens 5, inserted in a complete circle, free, filaments ca. 0.5 mm long, glabrous; ovary ca. 1 mm, sericeous; style 2 mm long, basal 3/4 pubescent. Drupe brown, globose, stipitate, 2.1–2.5 × 1.7–2 cm, epicarp smooth, puberulous.</p><p>Selected material examined: Aracruz, Coqueiral, 10.II.1993, fr., R.N. Oliveira 411 (VIES). Cachoeiro de</p><p>Itapemirim, Flona Pacotuba, 14.V.2007, L.N. Moreira 20 (VIES). GuaçuÍ, Floresta do Rosal, 28.VIII.2010 , fl., R.A. Curto 94 (VIES). Linhares, Reserva Natural Vale, Colodete entre quadras de Eucalyptus, Estrada 163, 20.IX.1974 , fl., J. Spada 329 (INPA, NY, RBR). Pinheiros, Rebio Córrego do Veado, estrada à esquerda da sede da reserva, 18.XII.2010 ,</p><p>fr., M.Ribeiro 399 (RB, SAMES, VIES). Rio Bananal, Estrada Primavera, 24.VI.2016 , fr., D.A. Folli 7473 (CVRD, RB). Santa Teresa, Estação Biológica de Santa Lúcia, 1.VI.1993 ,</p><p>L.D. Thomaz 1642 (HUEFS, MBML, VIES). São Mateus, estrada para Barra Nova, brejo velho, sÍtio do seu Darcy, área de pasto, onde no passado predominava restinga,</p><p>29.X.2012, fr., M. Ribeiro 829 (SAMES, VIES) .</p><p>Licania kunthiana is similar to L. hypoleuca (see comments under this species). It can be recognized by the combination of elliptic acuminate leaves, with stomatal crypts, primary veins 7–9 pairs, linear short stipules, slightly puberulous inflorescence, and flowers with five stamens, inserted in a complete circle. Collected with flowers in August to October and fruits in June and from October to</p><p>February. Licania kunthiana is a widespread species,</p><p>and occurs in Bolivia, Brazil, Costa Rica, French Guiana, Peru and Venezuela (Prance &amp; Sothers 2003a). In Brazil it occurs in different biomes such as the Amazon rainforest, Atlantic Forest, Caatinga and Cerrado, in all the states of Central West, North, Southeast regions, and some states of the Northeast region (Bahia, Maranhão, Pernambuco and Sergipe) (Sothers &amp; Prance 2023f). In EspÍrito Santo it occurs in Restinga, Ombrophilous forest and Mata de Tabuleiro, in Aracruz, Cachoeiro de Itapemirim, GuaçuÍ, Linhares, Pinheiros, Rio Bananal, Santa Teresa and São Mateus municipalities. It was collected in four protected areas: Estação Biológica de Santa Lúcia, Floresta Nacional Pacotuba, Reserva Biológica Córrego do Veado and Reserva Natural Vale. This species is not threatened at a regional or national level.</p><p>The common names for this species are milho-torrado (D.A. Folli 7473) and milho-torrado-miúdo (J. Spada 329).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC2F5616FF9EFFCD84E8FAE957D1F93D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Barros, Natália;Menezes, Luis Fernando Tavares de;Sothers, Cynthia;Peixoto, Ariane Luna	Barros, Natália, Menezes, Luis Fernando Tavares de, Sothers, Cynthia, Peixoto, Ariane Luna (2025): Flora of Espírito Santo: Chrysobalanaceae. Rodriguesia (e 00872024) 76: 1-39, DOI: 10.1590/2175-7860202576015, URL: https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860202576015
CC2F5616FF9EFFCE874FF9675000FEFB.text	CC2F5616FF9EFFCE874FF9675000FEFB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Licania littoralis Warm., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Natuhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn	<div><p>7.7. Licania littoralis Warm., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Natuhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn: 67. 1874.</p><p>Figs. 7 i-j; 10</p><p>Tree, up to 25 m tall, DBH 45–60 cm, stem up to 18 m tall, cylindric, bark rough to scaly;</p><p>branches glabrous, lenticellate. Leaves obovate to widely-elliptic, 3–6.9 × 2.1–4.9 cm, chartaceous, discolorous, base cuneate, obtuse or rounded, apex obtuse, rounded or subcordate, glabrous on both sides, stomatal crypts absent, midrib plane to prominulous adaxially, prominent abaxially, glabrous on both sides, primary veins 4–6 pairs, margin plane to slightly revolute; petiole 2–4 mm long, glabrous, terete, eglandular; stipules caducous (not seen). Inflorescence terminal to axillary, racemose panicle or panicle of cymes, pubescent; bracts 1, triangular to lanceolate, 1.5–2 mm long; bracteoles 3, triangular, 0.5–1 mm long, persistent. Flowers light green to white, 1.5–3 mm long, sessile, puberulous; receptacle campanulate, ca. 1 mm long, pubescent on the inside; sepals triangular, ca. 1 mm long, puberulous on both sides; stamens 5–6, inserted in a semi-circle, free, filaments ca. 0.2 mm long, glabrous; ovary ca. 1 mm, tomentulose; style ca. 2 mm long, sparsely pubescent. Drupe ellipsoid, stipitate, ca. 3.1 × 2.3 cm, epicarp smooth, glabrous.</p><p>Selected material examined: Aracruz, Coqueiral, 13.VI.1995, fl., J.N. Neves 223 (VIES) . Conceição da Barra, Itaúnas, área atrás da Fazenda Jequitaia, 11.II.2011, fr., A.G.Oliveira 950 (RB, SAMES, VIES) . Linhares, Reserva Natural Vale, Estrada 151, km 2700, talhão 501, 27.IV.1978, fl., J. Spada 79-78 (CVRD, INPA, NY, RBR) ; Estrada Aceiro Apelta, Santa Teresinha, 9.VI.2015, fl. and fr., G.S. Siqueira 1075 (RB) ; Lagoa do Durão, Rio Doce, 14.IV.1934, fl., J.G. Kuhlmann 208 (MO101058730, NY428464, RB537076) . Santa Leopoldina, Fazenda Caioaba, propriedade Virloni, trilha da divisa, 9.VIII.2006, fr., L.F.S. Magnago 1257 (ESA,</p><p>MBML, RB, SPF). Licania littoralis has two varieties, L. littoralis var. littoralis and L. littoralis var. cuneata Kuhlm., but this classification is not adopted here, as the characters that differ among the varieties overlap in the material examined.</p><p>Licania littoralis is similar to Leptobalanus turbinatus in some leaf aspects, as above-mentioned, but it can be distinguished by the lower number of primary veins, flowers with a lower number of included stamens (5–6 in Licania littoralis vs. 10 in Leptobalanus turbinatus) and stipitate fruit. Collected with flowers from April to June, and with fruits in February and from June to October.</p><p>Licania littoralis is endemic to the Atlantic Forest, in Bahia, EspÍrito Santo, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro and Sergipe states (Sothers &amp; Prance 2023f). In EspÍrito Santo it occurs in Ombrophilous forest and Mata de Tabuleiro, in Aracruz, Conceição da Barra, Linhares and Santa Leopoldina municipalities. This species is assessed as “Vulnerable” (VU) for the state (Fraga et al. 2019) and it was collected in two protected areas: Reserva Biológica de Comboio and Reserva Natural Vale.</p><p>There are two species of Licania collected by J.G. Kuhlmann with the number 208 ( Licania micrantha and L. littoralis), as well as species from other botanical families such as Fabaceae and Elaeocarpaceae .</p><p>The common name for this species is guaracÍ (I.A. Silva 170, G.S. Siqueira 1075).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC2F5616FF9EFFCE874FF9675000FEFB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Barros, Natália;Menezes, Luis Fernando Tavares de;Sothers, Cynthia;Peixoto, Ariane Luna	Barros, Natália, Menezes, Luis Fernando Tavares de, Sothers, Cynthia, Peixoto, Ariane Luna (2025): Flora of Espírito Santo: Chrysobalanaceae. Rodriguesia (e 00872024) 76: 1-39, DOI: 10.1590/2175-7860202576015, URL: https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860202576015
CC2F5616FF9DFFCF874FFEBE5554FD9D.text	CC2F5616FF9DFFCF874FFEBE5554FD9D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Licania micrantha subsp. micrantha	<div><p>7.8. Licania micrantha Miq. subsp. micrantha . Stirp. Surinam. Select.: 29. 1851. Fig. 10</p><p>Shrub to tree, up to 24 m tall, DBH 19–30 cm, stem up to 6 m tall; young branches pubescent, becoming glabrous with age, lenticellate. Leaves elliptic to widely-elliptic, 6.6–11.6 × 3.4–5.5 cm, chartaceous to coriaceous, discolorous, base cuneate to obtuse, apex acute to acuminate, acumen up to 7 mm long, adaxially glabrous, abaxially pubescent to tomentulose, stomatal crypts absent, midrib impressed to plane adaxially, prominent abaxially, primary veins 6–7 pairs; petiole 3–9 mm long, glabrous, terete, eglandular; stipules 2, lanceolate, 3–5 mm long, sparsely puberulous, persistent. Inflorescence terminal to subterminal, racemose panicle, pubescent; bracts ca. 2 mm long, triangular, caducous; bracteoles 3, triangular, 0.5 mm long, pubescent, persistent. Flowers yellow, ca. 3 mm long, sessile, puberulous; receptacle campanulate, 1.5–2 mm long, pubescent on the inside; sepals triangular, ca. 1 mm long, puberulous; stamens 3, in a semi-circle, free, filaments ca. 0.5 mm long, pubescent; ovary ca. 0.8 mm long, sericeous; style 2.5–3 mm long, pubescent throughout. Immature drupe ellipsoid, stipitate, 1–1.2 × 0.7–0.8 cm; epicarp rugose, puberulous.</p><p>Selected material examined: Itapemirim, floresta de restinga, próximo à área protegida pela marinha, estrada de Itaóca-Itapemirim,rodovia ES-060, 19.X.2008, fl., A.C.S. Cavalcanti 277 (MBML, RB) . Linhares, Reserva Natural Vale, estrada Gávea km 2.1, 8.X.2003, fl., D.A. Folli 4619 (CVRD, K); Lagoa do Durão, Rio Doce, 14.IV.1934, fr., J.G. Kuhlmann 208 (NY00378408, RB35360) . Pedro Canário, margem da BR-101, direção Rio-Itaunas, 19.X.2008, fr., A.C.S. Cavalcanti 283 (RB) . Presidente Kennedy, propriedade da Ferrous, próximo à Praia das Neves, 27.IX.2009, fl., Maielo-Silva 132 (RB) . Santa Leopoldina, propriedade FamÍlia Balbino - TimbuÍ Seco, 26.XI.2005, fl., A. M. Assis 1103 (MBML) . Santa Teresa, Estação Biológica de Santa Lúcia, 20.X.1993, fr., L.D. Thomaz 1641 (MBML, VIES) .</p><p>Licania micrantha is similar to L. belemii (see comments under this species). However, it can be distinguished by the absence of stomatal crypts, persistent lanceolate stipules, usually shorter petiole (3–9 mm long in L. micrantha vs. 0.7–1.1 cm long in L. belemii), less branched inflorescence and lower number of stamens (3 vs. 5). Collected with flowers in July and from September to February, and with fruits from October to December.</p><p>Licania micrantha subsp. micrantha occurs in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, French Guiana, Guyana and Venezuela (Prance &amp; Sothers</p><p>2003a). In Brazil it was collected in Acre, Amazonas,</p><p>Amapá, Bahia, EspÍrito Santo, Mato Grosso, Rio de Janeiro, Rondônia, and Roraima states (Sothers &amp; Prance 2023f). In EspÍrito Santo state it is recorded in Restinga, Ombrophilous forest and Mata de Tabuleiro, in Itapemirim, Linhares, Pedro Canário, Presidente Kennedy, Santa Leopoldina and Santa Teresa municipalities. It was recorded in two protected areas: Estação Biológica de Santa Lúcia and Reserva Natural Vale.</p><p>The common names for this species are oiti</p><p>(J.G. Kuhlmann 208) and bafo-de-bezerro (D.A. Folli 4619).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC2F5616FF9DFFCF874FFEBE5554FD9D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Barros, Natália;Menezes, Luis Fernando Tavares de;Sothers, Cynthia;Peixoto, Ariane Luna	Barros, Natália, Menezes, Luis Fernando Tavares de, Sothers, Cynthia, Peixoto, Ariane Luna (2025): Flora of Espírito Santo: Chrysobalanaceae. Rodriguesia (e 00872024) 76: 1-39, DOI: 10.1590/2175-7860202576015, URL: https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860202576015
CC2F5616FF9CFFCF84E8FD80504EFDDB.text	CC2F5616FF9CFFCF84E8FD80504EFDDB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Licania naviculistipula Prance, Fl. Neotrop. Monogr.	<div><p>7.9. Licania naviculistipula Prance, Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 9: 398. 1972. Figs. 4 g-i; 11</p><p>Tree up to 25 m tall, DBH ca. 8 cm, stem up to 19 m tall, cylindric, rough bark; young branches pubescent, sometimes becoming glabrous with age, lenticellate. Leaves oblong-elliptic to ovate, 8.2–14.2 × 4.5–6.6 cm, chartaceous, discolorous, base obtuse to subcordate, apex acute to acuminate, acumen up to 4 mm long, glabrous adaxially, pubescent abaxially, conspicuous stomatal crypts, midrib impressed adaxially, prominent abaxially, pubescent adaxially to glabrous on both sides, primary veins 8–9 pairs; petiole 0.5–1 cm long, pubescent to glabrous, terete, sometimes with 2 sessile glands in the middle; stipules 2, rectangular to lanceolate, 4–8 mm long, pubescent, persistent,. Inflorescence terminal to axillary, panicle of cymes, pubescent to densely pubescent; bracts 2, lanceolate, 2.5–5 mm long, pubescent, caducous; bracteoles 3, triangular, 0.5–2 mm long, pubescent, persistent. Flowers light yellow, 3–6 mm long, puberulous, receptacle campanulate, 2–3 mm long, tomentulose on the inside, pedicel ca. 1 mm long; sepals with acute apex, ca. 1 mm long, puberulous on both sides; stamens 8, inserted unilaterally, free; filaments ca. 1 mm long, glabrous, pubescent at base; ovary ca. 1 mm long, villous, style 2.8–3.5 mm long, pubescent at basal 2/3. Drupe brown, ellipsoid, sessile, 4.2–4.4 × 2.9–3.8 mm, epicarp smooth, pubescent.</p><p>Selected material examined: Anchieta, fragmento de tabuleiro, 8.VIII.2009, J.M.L Gomes 3349 (HUEFS, VIES) . Conceição da Barra, Aracruz Celulose S.A., 9.VI.1992, fl., O.J. Pereira 3443 (RB, SAMES, VIES) ; 13.XII.2008, fl. and fr., A. Giaretta 431 (SAMES, VIES) . Linhares, Vale do Rio Doce, 8.VII.1968, fl., R.P. Belém 3814 (CEPEC, MO, NY, SP) ; Reserva Natural Vale, próximo a borda da estrada Aceiro Baldo Faé, 15.IX.2023, fr., N. Barros 24 (RB, SAMES) . MarataÍzes, na restinga, 3.XI.1972, fr., L. Krieger CESJ11885 (CESJ) . Presidente Kennedy, São Salvador, 6.XI.1996, fr., J.M.L. Gomes 2204 (VIES) .</p><p>Licania naviculistipula is close to L. arianeae (see comments under this species). However, it can be distinguished by the elliptic to oblong-elliptic leaves, lower number of primary veins (8–9 pairs in L. naviculistipula vs. 9–13 pairs in L. arianeae) and higher number of stamens (8 vs. 7). Collected with flowers and fruits throughout the year.</p><p>Licania naviculistipula in endemic to the Atlantic Forest, recorded only in Bahia and EspÍrito Santo states (Sothers &amp; Prance 2023f). In EspÍrito Santo it occurs in Restinga and Mata de Tabuleiro, in Anchieta, Conceição da Barra, Linhares, MarataÍzes and Presidente Kennedy municipalities. It is assessed as “Endangered” (EN) for the country and the state (Fraga et al. 2019; Brasil 2022). This species occurs in two protected areas: Reserva Natural Vale and Parque Estadual de Itaúnas.</p><p>The common name for this species is guaitimarrom (G.S. Siqueira 888).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC2F5616FF9CFFCF84E8FD80504EFDDB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Barros, Natália;Menezes, Luis Fernando Tavares de;Sothers, Cynthia;Peixoto, Ariane Luna	Barros, Natália, Menezes, Luis Fernando Tavares de, Sothers, Cynthia, Peixoto, Ariane Luna (2025): Flora of Espírito Santo: Chrysobalanaceae. Rodriguesia (e 00872024) 76: 1-39, DOI: 10.1590/2175-7860202576015, URL: https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860202576015
CC2F5616FF9CFFF1874FFD5E56A9FEA2.text	CC2F5616FF9CFFF1874FFD5E56A9FEA2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Licania nitida Hook. f.	<div><p>7.10. Licania nitida Hook.f., Fl. bras . 14(2): 17. 1867. Fig. 11</p><p>Tree up to 6 m tall; young branches glabrescent, becoming glabrous with age, lenticellate. Leaves elliptic to oblong-elliptic, 4.8–6.3 × 2–3.6 cm, chartaceous, discolorous, base cuneate to obtuse, apex acute, glabrous adaxially, pubescent to tomentulose abaxially, without stomatal crypts, midrib impressed adaxially, prominent abaxially, glabrous on both sides, primary veins 6–7 pairs; petiole 3–4 mm long, glabrous, terete, eglandular; stipules 2, lanceolate, 3–5 mm long, glabrous, persistent. Inflorescence terminal to axillary, racemose panicle, pubescent; bracts 2, lanceolate, ca. 2 mm long, pubescent, caducous; bracteoles 3, triangular, ca. 1 mm long, pubescent, persistent. Flowers 2–2.5 mm long, pubescent, receptacle campanulate, ca. 1.5 mm long, tomentulose on the inside, pedicel ca. 0.5 mm long; sepals triangular, ca. 1 mm long, puberulous on both sides; stamens 3, inserted unilaterally, free; filaments ca. 0.2 mm long, glabrous; ovary ca. 1 mm long, villous, style ca. 3 mm long, pubescent at 3/4 basal. Drupe brown, ellipsoid, stipitate, 2.1–2.2 × 1.2–1.4 mm, epicarp rugose, glabrescent.</p><p>Material examined: Itapemirim, Praia do Pontal, 22.I.1984, fr., D. Araujo 5974 (MBM, VIES). Piúma, ca. 3 km S do Morro do Aghá, na rodovia ES-060, 8.XII.1994, fr., J.R. Pirani 3496 (MO, NY, SPF) .</p><p>Additional material: BRAZIL. RIO DE JANEIRO: Horto Florestal, XI.1926, fl., H. Almeida (RB136931) .</p><p>Licania nitida can be distinguished from other Licania species by its elliptic to oblong-elliptic leaves with acute apex, without stomatal crypts in the abaxial surface, and flowers with 3 stamens. Collected with fruits in January and December.</p><p>Licania nitida occurs in Bahia, EspÍrito Santo,</p><p>Goiás, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo states (Sothers &amp; Prance 2023f). In EspÍrito Santo, it occurs in Restinga and Mata de Tabuleiro, in</p><p>Itapemirim and Piúma municipalities. Although L. nitida is assessed as “Least Concern” (LC) for Brazil (León 2020), in EspÍrito Santo this species is present in only two municipalities, none inside protected, which may indicate a higher threat level .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC2F5616FF9CFFF1874FFD5E56A9FEA2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Barros, Natália;Menezes, Luis Fernando Tavares de;Sothers, Cynthia;Peixoto, Ariane Luna	Barros, Natália, Menezes, Luis Fernando Tavares de, Sothers, Cynthia, Peixoto, Ariane Luna (2025): Flora of Espírito Santo: Chrysobalanaceae. Rodriguesia (e 00872024) 76: 1-39, DOI: 10.1590/2175-7860202576015, URL: https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860202576015
CC2F5616FFA2FFF184E8FEE755E7F934.text	CC2F5616FFA2FFF184E8FEE755E7F934.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Licania spicata Hook. f.	<div><p>7.11. Licania spicata Hook.f., Fl. bras . 14(2): 16. 1867. Fig. 11</p><p>Tree, up to 16 m tall, DBH ca. 28 cm, stem up to 10 m tall, cylindric, rough bark; young branches glabrescent, becoming glabrous with age, lenticellate. Leaves elliptic, 5.6–11.1 × 2.6–3.6 cm, chartaceous, discolorous, base cuneate, apex acuminate, acumen 0.5–1.5 cm long, glabrous adaxially, pubescent abaxially, stomatal crypts inconspicuous, midrib impressed adaxially, prominent abaxially, primary veins 7–9 pairs; petiole 0.5–1.1 cm long, glabrescent to glabrous, canaliculate, eglandular; stipules caducous (not seen). Inflorescence terminal to subterminal, racemose panicle, pubescent to tomentulose; bracts caducous (not seen); bracteoles 3, triangular, ca. 1 mm long, pubescent. Flowers ca. 2 mm long, sessile, pubescent to tomentulose, receptacle campanulate, 1–1.5 mm long, sericeous on the inside; sepals triangular, 1–1.5 mm long, puberulous; stamens 4–5, inserted in a semi-circle, free, filaments ca. 1 mm long, glabrous; ovary ca. 1 mm long, sericeous; style ca. 1 mm long, sparsely sericeous at base. Drupe green to brown, ellipsoid, stipitate, 2.1–2.7 × 1.6–2.1 cm, epicarp slightly rugose, pubescent.</p><p>Material examined: Baixo Guandu, Baixo Guandú a Alto Lage, km 2, 14.XII.2001, fr., A.A. da Luz 40 (CVRD, K, RB). Iúna, Serra do Valentim, Floresta do Senhor Aristides, na borda da vegetação, 31.I.2016, fl., J.P.F. Zorzanelli 1431 (VIES) .</p><p>Additional material: BRAZIL. RIO DE JANEIRO: Cachoeiras de Macacu, Parque Estadual dos Três Picos / Reserva Ecológica de Guapiaçu, Trilha Verde, 19.I.2018, fl., C. Baez 1346 (RB) .</p><p>Licania spicata is similar to L. areolata (see comments under this species). However, it can be distinguished by the bracteoles (ca. 1 mm in L. spicata vs 0.5 mm in L. areolata) and flower size (ca. 2 mm vs. 1.5 mm). Collected with flowers in May and fruits in August.</p><p>Endemic to the Atlantic Forest, Licania spicata, was recorded in Bahia, EspÍrito Santo, Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro states (Sothers &amp; Prance 2023f). In EspÍrito Santo it occurs in Ombrophilous forest, in in Baixo Guandu and Iúna. This species has few records, and none of them are inside protected areas, suggesting a higher threat level for the state .</p><p>The common name for this species is bafo-devaca (A.A. da Luz 40).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC2F5616FFA2FFF184E8FEE755E7F934	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Barros, Natália;Menezes, Luis Fernando Tavares de;Sothers, Cynthia;Peixoto, Ariane Luna	Barros, Natália, Menezes, Luis Fernando Tavares de, Sothers, Cynthia, Peixoto, Ariane Luna (2025): Flora of Espírito Santo: Chrysobalanaceae. Rodriguesia (e 00872024) 76: 1-39, DOI: 10.1590/2175-7860202576015, URL: https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860202576015
CC2F5616FFA2FFF184E8F97950B1FA12.text	CC2F5616FFA2FFF184E8F97950B1FA12.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Licania undefined-1	<div><p>7.12. Licania sp. 1 . Fig. 11</p><p>Tree, up to 25 m tall, DBH 45–60 cm, stem up to 18 m tall, cylindric, rough to scaly bark; young branches pubescent, becoming glabrous with age, lenticellate. Leaves elliptic to obovate, 3–4.5 × 1.3– 1.8 cm, membranous to chartaceous, discolorous, base cuneate, apex acute to acuminate, acumen up to 2 mm, glabrous adaxially, tomentulose abaxially, stomatal crypts absent, midrib plane adaxially, prominent abaxially, pubescent abaxially, primary veins 6–7 pairs, margin plane; petiole 2–3 mm long, pubescent, terete, eglandular; stipules 2, 2–3 mm, linear, pubescent, chartaceous, caducous. Inflorescence terminal to axillary, racemose panicle or panicle of cymes, pubescent; bracts 1, triangular, ca. 1 mm long; bracteoles 3, triangular, 0.5–1 mm long, persistent. Flowers green, ca. 3 mm long, pedicellate, pedicel ca. 1 mm, puberulous; receptacle campanulate, ca. 1.5–2 mm long, pubescent on the inside; sepals triangular, ca. 1 mm long, puberulous on both sides; stamens 3, inserted in a semi-circle, free, filaments ca. 0.1 mm long, glabrous; ovary ca. 1 mm, sericeous; style ca. 2 mm long, sparsely sericeous. Drupe ellipsoid, sessile, ca. 1.7–1.8 × 1.4–1.6 cm, epicarp smooth, pubescent.</p><p>Selected material examined: Santa Teresa, Estação Biológica de Santa Lúcia, 7.III.1995, fl., L.D. Thomaz 1635 (HUEFS, MBML, VIES); 1.VIII.1995, fr., L. D. Thomaz 1639 (HUEFS, MBML, VIES) .</p><p>Initially identified as Licania leptostachya Benth., the specimens L.D. Thomaz 1635, 1639 and H.Q. Boudet Fernandes 2603 do not correspond to this species. Licania leptostachya occurs in some North (Amapá, Pará, Rondônia and Roraima) and Northeast (Bahia and Maranhão) states but not in EspÍrito Santo (Sothers &amp; Prance 2023f). Licania sp.1 occurs in Ombrophilous forest, in Santa Teresa municipality, inside a protected area, the Estação Biológica de Santa Lúcia. Collected with flowers in May and fruits from August to October.</p><p>There are similarities with L. leptostachya, such as the membranous elliptic leaves, with acuminate apex and cuneate base. However, the inflorescence of L. leptostachya is elongate with flowers in glomerules, with 6–7 stamens inserted in a complete circle vs. short racemose panicle, flowers with 3 stamens inserted in a semi-circle in Licania sp.1 . More collections in this locality can better clarify the identification of these species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC2F5616FFA2FFF184E8F97950B1FA12	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Barros, Natália;Menezes, Luis Fernando Tavares de;Sothers, Cynthia;Peixoto, Ariane Luna	Barros, Natália, Menezes, Luis Fernando Tavares de, Sothers, Cynthia, Peixoto, Ariane Luna (2025): Flora of Espírito Santo: Chrysobalanaceae. Rodriguesia (e 00872024) 76: 1-39, DOI: 10.1590/2175-7860202576015, URL: https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860202576015
CC2F5616FFA2FFF2874FFA1050BEFEF8.text	CC2F5616FFA2FFF2874FFA1050BEFEF8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Moquilea Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane	<div><p>8. Moquilea Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 1: 521, t. 208. 1775.</p><p>Trees. Leaf lower surface glabrous or lanate, without stomatal crypts. Petiole with or without glands. Inflorescence panicles, racemes or racemose panicles. Bracts and bracteoles small. Petals 4–5. Stamens 11–60(–90), inserted in a complete circle; filaments glabrous, usually far exceeding calyx lobes, free or slightly united at base. Ovary lanate, tomentose or pilose, inserted at base of receptacle. Fruit globose to ellipsoid, epicarp glabrous or pubescent, smooth, lenticellate; endocarp glabrous or sparsely pubescent within (Sothers et al. 2016).</p><p>Moquilea is present in Central and South American countries, with 54 species in total (Sothers et al. 2016). In Brazil, there are 15 accepted species within the genus, recorded in the Amazon, Cerrado and Atlantic Forest biomes (Sothers &amp; Prance 2023g).</p><p>Only two species occur in EspÍrito Santo, Moquilea salzmannii Hook. f. and Moquilea tomentosa Benth. The latter is a widely cultivated species, native to the northeastern region of Brazil, and frequently used in urban afforestation throughout Brazil.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC2F5616FFA2FFF2874FFA1050BEFEF8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Barros, Natália;Menezes, Luis Fernando Tavares de;Sothers, Cynthia;Peixoto, Ariane Luna	Barros, Natália, Menezes, Luis Fernando Tavares de, Sothers, Cynthia, Peixoto, Ariane Luna (2025): Flora of Espírito Santo: Chrysobalanaceae. Rodriguesia (e 00872024) 76: 1-39, DOI: 10.1590/2175-7860202576015, URL: https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860202576015
CC2F5616FFA1FFF284E8FDBB50BEFA3B.text	CC2F5616FFA1FFF284E8FDBB50BEFA3B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Moquilea salzmannii Hook. f.	<div><p>8.1. Moquilea salzmannii Hook.f., Fl. bras . (Martius) 14(2): 21. 1867. Figs. 2; 7 k-l</p><p>Tree, up to 30 m tall, DBH 63 cm, stem ca. 18 m tall, cylindric, bark rough, light brown, heartwood dark reddish brown, branches glabrous, lenticellate. Leaves elliptic, 4.5–8.3 × 2–4 cm, chartaceous to coriaceous, discolorous, base cuneate, apex acuminate, acumen 5–9 mm long, glabrous adaxially, glabrescent to glabrous abaxially, without stomatal crypts, midrib prominulous adaxially, glabrous, primary veins 9–11 pairs, inconspicuous; petiole 3–5 mm long, glabrous, canaliculate, eglandular; stipules caducous (not seen). Inflorescence terminal to subterminal, panicle of cymules, pubescent; bracts 1, lanceolate 2.5–4 mm long, pubescent, caducous; bracteoles 3, lanceolate, ca. 1.5 mm long, pubescent, caducous. Flowers 0.8–1 cm long, white, green or yellow, pubescent, receptacle cupuliform, ca. 1 mm long, pubescent on the inside, pedicellate, pedicel 1–5 mm long; petals 5, rounded, 2–2.5 mm long, glabrous, margin ciliate; sepals triangular, ca. 1–2 mm long, pubescent on both sides; stamens ca. 20, free at most length, united at base, exserted, in a complete circle; filaments ca. 3 mm long, glabrous; ovary ca. 1 mm long, lanate, at receptacle base, style ca. 2 mm long, glabrous. Drupe ellipsoid, green, stipitate, 7–11 × 3.9–7 cm, epicarp rugose, glabrous. Selected material examined: Conceição da Barra, Flona do Rio Preto, mata em regeneração a beira da estrada, 10.IV.2011, fr., M. Ribeiro 496 (RB, SAMES, VIES) ; Rebio de Córrego Grande, floresta alta sobre Tabuleiro, estrada interna km 4, 13.VII.2011, fr., M. Ribeiro 571 (SAMES, VIES) . Ibiraçu, sÍtio localizado após a BR-101, no inÍcio da subida para o mosteiro, à esquerda, 5.VI.1990, J.M.L. Gomes 1202 (HUEFS, VIES) . Linhares, Lagoa do Durão, Rio Doce, 11.IV.1934, fr., J.G. Kuhlmann 162 (NY, RB) ; Reserva Natural Vale, Estrada Flamengo, ant. X-1, km 5.576, lado direito, 12.IX.1985, fl., G.L. Farias 70 (CVRD, RB, UEC) . Pinheiros, Rebio de Córrego do Veado, 13.II.2022, L.F.T. Menezes 2993 (SAMES) . Santa Teresa, Estação Biológica de Santa Lúcia, 20.X.1993, fl., L.D. Thomaz 1637 (HRCB, MBML, VIES) . Sooretama, Rebio de Sooretama, Estrada do Quirino, 2017, fl., Curso de campo UFES, UFRRJ, IBRJ 03 (RB, RBR, SAMES) .</p><p>Moquilea salzmannii can be distinguished from other species by its inconspicuous primary veins on both sides of the leaf (hindering the counting), the flowers with elongate pedicel, short cupuliform receptacle and the stamens exserted and united at base. This species is pollinated by insects and has a biotic dispersal syndrome (Rolim et al. 2016). Collected with flowers from October to November and fruits from April to June.</p><p>Moquilea salzmannii is endemic to Atlantic Forest, recorded in Bahia and EspÍrito Santo (Sothers &amp; Prance 2023g). In the latter, it occurs in Ombrophilous forest and Mata de Tabuleiro, in Conceição da Barra, Ibiraçu, Linhares, Pinheiros, Santa Teresa and Sooretama. It is assessed as “Least Concern” (LC) for Brazil (Fernandez &amp; Amorim 2018). In EspÍrito Santo the species was collected in six protected areas ( Estação Biológica de Santa Lúcia, Floresta Nacional do Rio Preto, Reserva Biológica de Córrego Grande, Reserva Biológica de Córrego do Veado, Reserva Biológica de Sooretama, Reserva Natural Vale), with collections from diferent decades, which indicates it is not threatened .</p><p>The common names for this species are guaiti (D.A. Folli 120), oiti-coró (J.G. Kuhlmann RB 294) and oiti-da-bahia (L.S. Leoni 5856).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC2F5616FFA1FFF284E8FDBB50BEFA3B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Barros, Natália;Menezes, Luis Fernando Tavares de;Sothers, Cynthia;Peixoto, Ariane Luna	Barros, Natália, Menezes, Luis Fernando Tavares de, Sothers, Cynthia, Peixoto, Ariane Luna (2025): Flora of Espírito Santo: Chrysobalanaceae. Rodriguesia (e 00872024) 76: 1-39, DOI: 10.1590/2175-7860202576015, URL: https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860202576015
CC2F5616FFA1FFF3874FFA7E5542F88E.text	CC2F5616FFA1FFF3874FFA7E5542F88E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parinari Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane	<div><p>9. Parinari Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 1: 514. 1775.</p><p>The genus comprises 39 species, with a Pantropical distribution (Barbosa-Silva 2024). A single species occurs in EspÍrito Santo state, Parinari brasilienis (Schott) Hook.f.</p><p>9.1. Parinari brasiliensis (Schott) Hook.f., Fl. bras . 14(2): 51. 1867.</p><p>Basionym: Petrocarya brasiliensis Schott, Systema Vegetabilium, editio decima sexta 4(2): 405. 1827. Figs. 1 k-l; 2 Tree, up to 30 m tall, DBH 25–53 cm; young branches villous to tomentose, becoming glabrous with age, lenticellate. Leaves elliptic, 6.5–8.5(14) ×</p><p>2.9–4 cm, chartaceous, discolorous, base cuneate, apex acute, margin with discoid glands abaxially, glabrous adaxially, tomentose abaxially with stomatal crypts, midrib impressed adaxially, prominent and sparsely tomentose in both surfaces, primary veins ca. 18(30) pairs, sparsely tomentose to glabrescent abaxially; petiole 0.5–1 cm long, velutinous or sparsely tomentose, canaliculate, with 2 glands at middle; stipules caducous (not seen). Inflorescence terminal, paniculate, pubescent to densely pubescent, bracts ca. 3 mm long, triangular. Flowers white, 5–7 mm long, pubescent outside, pedicel 1–1.5 mm long; receptacle campanulate, interior pubescent to sericeous at base, sericeous at apex; sepals triangular, 2–3 mm long, puberulent inside; petals rounded, 1.5–2.5 mm long, glabrous, puberulent at the margin, caducous; stamens ca. 7, 2–3 mm long, inserted unilaterally or in 3/4 circle, ca. 7 staminodes; ovary ca. 1 mm long, sericeous, style ca. 4 mm long, basal half sericeous. Drupe brown, ellipsoid, 3.5–4 × 2–2.5 cm; epicarp glabrous, sparsely tomentose at base, lenticellate, rugose.</p><p>Selected material examined: GuaçuÍ, Floresta do Rosal, 29.IV.2010, R.A. Curto 135 (VIES) . Linhares, Degredo, 3.VI.2013, fr., D.A. Folli 7070 (RB, RNV) ; Reserva Natural Vale, Estrada Flamengo, 25.XI.1991, fl., D.A. Folli 1500 (RB, CVRD) . Santa Teresa, Estação Biológica de Santa Lúcia, 8.XII.1992, L.D. Thomaz 1643 (MBML, VIES) . São Mateus, área de Muçununga, 24.V.2018, fr., L.F.T. Menezes 2552b (SAMES) . Sooretama, Reserva Biológica de Sooretama, porção oeste, trilha do rio sul, 19.I.2010, fl., A. Giaretta 716 (RB, SAMES, VIES) .</p><p>Parinari brasiliensis can be recognized by elliptic leaves with stomatal crypts and discoid glands on the abaxial surface, high number of primary veins, petiole with two glands in the middle portion, paniculate inflorescence and fewer stamens (ca. 7) unilaterally inserted. Collected with flowers from November to March and fruits from March to July and October.</p><p>This species is endemic to the Atlantic Forest, in the states of Alagoas, Bahia, EspÍrito Santo, Minas Gerais, Paraná, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina and São Paulo (Barbosa-Silva 2024). In EspÍrito Santo it is recorded in Restinga, Mussununga, Ombrophilous and Tabuleiro forests, in GuaçuÍ, Linhares, Santa Teresa, São Mateus and Sooretama. Parinari brasilienisis is classified as “Near Threatened” (NT) for Brazil (Barbosa-Silva 2024). In EspÍrito Santo there are old and recent collections and it is recorded in three protected areas (Estação Biológica de Santa Lúcia, Reserva Biológica de Sooretama, Reserva Natural Vale) and is therefore not considered threatened.</p><p>The common name for this species is bafode-boi-mirim (D.A. Folli 1500, 2077, 3944, 5107, 5614, 7070).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC2F5616FFA1FFF3874FFA7E5542F88E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Barros, Natália;Menezes, Luis Fernando Tavares de;Sothers, Cynthia;Peixoto, Ariane Luna	Barros, Natália, Menezes, Luis Fernando Tavares de, Sothers, Cynthia, Peixoto, Ariane Luna (2025): Flora of Espírito Santo: Chrysobalanaceae. Rodriguesia (e 00872024) 76: 1-39, DOI: 10.1590/2175-7860202576015, URL: https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860202576015
