identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
DA77467DFFA6FF95FD92F4CCFC006B97.text	DA77467DFFA6FF95FD92F4CCFC006B97.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudotetrahymena Wang & Liu & Wang & Wang & Wang & Wang & Zhao & Pan 2025	<div><p>Genus  Pseudotetrahymena gen. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: D5CB9EA2-346B-4228-99EF-ABC86B4B9BE8</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>The size in vivo is about 165–230 × 125–210 μm; the anterior end pointed and the posterior end broadly rounded; the buccal field is big and deep, approximately 40% of body the length; 19 or 20 somatic kineties; two postoral kineties; M1 and M2 are approximately equal length; M2 consists of three parts (M2a, b, c); M3 is shorter than M1 and M2; one macronucleus; micronucleus is not observed; freshwater habitat.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The genus-group name ‘  Pseudotetrahymena ’ highlights the difference of the oral apparatus and outline from that of the genus  Tetrahymena .</p><p>Type species</p><p>Pseudotetrahymena orientalis gen. et sp. nov. (monotypic genus).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DA77467DFFA6FF95FD92F4CCFC006B97	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Wang, Xiang;Liu, Lihui;Wang, Jialu;Wang, Xiaosong;Wang, Jiarui;Wang, Li;Zhao, Lv;Pan, Xuming	Wang, Xiang, Liu, Lihui, Wang, Jialu, Wang, Xiaosong, Wang, Jiarui, Wang, Li, Zhao, Lv, Pan, Xuming (2025): Systematic positions and taxonomy of two freshwater ciliates found in China, with establishments of one new family and two new species (Ciliophora, Oligohymenophorea). European Journal of Taxonomy 981: 1-20, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.981.2813, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2813/12837
DA77467DFFA6FF95FDF1F229FDD9696D.text	DA77467DFFA6FF95FDF1F229FDD9696D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudotetrahymenidae Wang & Liu & Wang & Wang & Wang & Wang & Zhao & Pan 2025	<div><p>Family  Pseudotetrahymenidae fam. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: A9FCE478-3C33-458D-AF4F-02505DF5BB74</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>The outline of the cell is similar to the one in  Tetrahymena . The adoral structure is of  Tetrahymena type, composed of one paroral and three oral membranelles. M2 consists of several clusters, forming several parallel parts.</p><p>Type genus</p><p>Pseudotetrahymena gen. nov.</p><p>Genera included</p><p>Pseudotetrahymena gen. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DA77467DFFA6FF95FDF1F229FDD9696D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Wang, Xiang;Liu, Lihui;Wang, Jialu;Wang, Xiaosong;Wang, Jiarui;Wang, Li;Zhao, Lv;Pan, Xuming	Wang, Xiang, Liu, Lihui, Wang, Jialu, Wang, Xiaosong, Wang, Jiarui, Wang, Li, Zhao, Lv, Pan, Xuming (2025): Systematic positions and taxonomy of two freshwater ciliates found in China, with establishments of one new family and two new species (Ciliophora, Oligohymenophorea). European Journal of Taxonomy 981: 1-20, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.981.2813, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2813/12837
DA77467DFFA6FF94FDD8F6ABFCA66ACF.text	DA77467DFFA6FF94FDD8F6ABFCA66ACF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudotetrahymena orientalis Wang & Liu & Wang & Wang & Wang & Wang & Zhao & Pan 2025	<div><p>Pseudotetrahymena orientalis gen. et sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: AD200533-1E68-4CF5-BE38-1CB4104F26A8</p><p>Figs 2–3; Table 1</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Size in vivo 165–230 × 125–210 μm; anterior end pointed and posterior end broadly rounded; buccal field big and deep, approximately 40% of body length; 19 or 20 somatic kineties; two postoral kineties; M1 and M2 approximately equal length; M2 consists of three parts (M2a, b, c); M3 obviously shorter than M1 and M2; one macronucleus. Micronucleus not observed; freshwater habitat.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The species-group name  ‘ orientalis ’ (Latin adjective; eastern, occurring in the Orient) refer to the fact that this species was discovered in East Asia.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>CHINA – Heilongjiang Province • Harbin City, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=126.59473&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.735832" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 126.59473/lat 45.735832)">Dafa international fish market [a freshwater aquarium]</a>; 45°44′9″ N, 126°35′41″ E; 11 Oct. 2022; Xiang Wang leg.; HANU WX-20221011-01 (carbonate-stained slide with 6 specs, the holotype specimen marked with an ink circle).</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>CHINA – Heilongjiang Province • 5 specs; same collection data as holotype; HANU WX-20221011-02 .</p><p>Type locality</p><p>A freshwater aquarium at Dafa international fish market in Harbin (45°44′9″ N, 126°35′41″ E), Northeast China.</p><p>Description</p><p>Size in vivo 165–230 × 125–210 μm; body shape flexible, anterior end narrowed and posterior end broadly rounded usually (Fig. 2A–B, E, H–I, K). When food vacuoles filled by food, 60% of posterior part of cell swells extremely (Fig. 2A, E). Ratio of length to width about 1.5:1. Buccal field usually big, deep, and oval, approximately 40% of body length (Fig. 2A, E, H–I; Table 1). Cortical granules spherical, arranged randomly on pellicle (Fig. 2H, J–K). Cytoplasm colorless to deep dark when food vacuoles filled with food (Fig. 2A, E, H–I, K), often containing several big food vacuoles filled with ingested  Tetrahymena (food vacuoles about 40 μm in diameter) (Figs 2K, 3G). Single contractile vacuole (approximately 25 μm in diameter) positioned close to posterior end (Fig. 2K). Extrusomes not observed; single ellipsoid macronucleus, approximately 60 μm across after staining, usually squeezed by food vacuoles, no micronucleus observed (Fig. 3A–D, H). Length of somatic cilia approximately 10 μm, densely arranged. Locomotion mainly by swimming slowly, sometimes rotating forwards. Preying on  Tetrahymena .</p><p>Altogether 19 or 20 SK arranged latitudinally, extending the entire length of body, consisting of monokinetids (Figs 2C–D, 3A–D). Two PK; PK1 and PK2 commence anteriorly at level posterior of PM and extend posteriorly nearly to end of cell (Figs 2F, 3C). Oral structure consisting of one PM and three oral membranelles (Figs 2C, F–G, 3E–F). PM generally C-shaped, composed of paired basal bodies, organized in zigzagging pattern, extending anteriorly to M2. (Figs 2F–G, 3E–F). M1 and M2 approximately equal in length, composed of four or three rows of kinetids (Figs 2F–G; 3E–F). M2 consisting of three parts, namely M2a, b, c. M2a not obvious anteriorly and conspicuous posteriorly, composed of two rows of kinetids (Figs 2F–G, 3E–F). M2b obvious, consisting of four rows of kinetids (Figs 2F–G, 3E–F). M2c divided into two parts, each composed of four rows of kinetids (Figs 2F–G, 3E). M3 shorter than M1 and M2, containing three rows of kinetids (Fig. 3E–F).</p><p>Gene sequences</p><p>The SSU-rRNA gene sequence of  Pseudotetrahymena orientalis gen. et sp. nov. ahas been deposited in GenBank database with the accession number OR616813.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DA77467DFFA6FF94FDD8F6ABFCA66ACF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Wang, Xiang;Liu, Lihui;Wang, Jialu;Wang, Xiaosong;Wang, Jiarui;Wang, Li;Zhao, Lv;Pan, Xuming	Wang, Xiang, Liu, Lihui, Wang, Jialu, Wang, Xiaosong, Wang, Jiarui, Wang, Li, Zhao, Lv, Pan, Xuming (2025): Systematic positions and taxonomy of two freshwater ciliates found in China, with establishments of one new family and two new species (Ciliophora, Oligohymenophorea). European Journal of Taxonomy 981: 1-20, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.981.2813, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2813/12837
DA77467DFFA5FF9AFDBBF1F6FD426A04.text	DA77467DFFA5FF9AFDBBF1F6FD426A04.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyclidium paravorax Wang & Liu & Wang & Wang & Wang & Wang & Zhao & Pan 2025	<div><p>Cyclidium paravorax sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: EFC1DA92-72AD-4EA2-936F-12805A06A0EA</p><p>Figs 4–5; Tables 1–2</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>The cell about 20–30 × 15–25 µm in vivo; the buccal field occupies about 40–45% of the body length; nine somatic kineties; SKn extends to posterior sub-terminally; one or two macronuclei and one micronucleus; M1 consists of two longitudinal rows and is obviously shorter than M2; M2 has a long-triangle shape; M3 consists of four basal bodies in one row; the scutica is mainly composed of two pairs of kinetosomes; single caudal cilium; freshwater habitat.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The species-group name  ʻ paravorax ʼ is a composite of the Greek adjective ʻpara-ʼ (beside) and the species-group name  ʻ vorax ʼ, indicating its similarity to  Cyclidium vorax Pan, 2020 .</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>CHINA – Heilongjiang Province • Harbin City, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=126.55056&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.867496" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 126.55056/lat 45.867496)">Harbin Normal University</a>; 45°52′3″ N, 126°33′2″ E; 23 Nov. 2022; Xiang Wang leg.; HANU WX-20221123-01 (carbonate-stained slide with 22 specs, the holotype specimen marked with an ink circle).</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>CHINA – Heilongjiang Province • 39 specs; same collection data as holotype; HANU WX-20221123-02 .</p><p>Type locality</p><p>A freshwater aquarium at Harbin Normal University, Harbin (45°52′3″ N, 126°33′2″ E), Northeast China.</p><p>Description</p><p>Body about 20–30 × 15–25 µm in vivo, ellipsoidal with flat section in anterior end, posterior end slightly wider (Fig. 4A, K–N). Ratio of length to width about 1.25:1. Buccal field about 40%–45% of body length, with prominent paroral membrane on ventral side (Fig. 4A, K–P; Table 1). Cortex smooth. Somatic cilia and cilia of paroral membrane about 6 µm long (Fig. 4K–N), single caudal cilium about 13 µm long (Fig. 4A, K, N, P). Cytoplasm colorless, containing several (approximately 1 µm in diameter) bacteriafilled food vacuoles and variable-sized (0.5–1 µm) granules (Fig. 4A, K, N). Contractile vacuole located near posterior end of cell, approximately 4 µm in diameter (Fig. 4A, K–L, N). Extrusomes not observed; one or two globular macronuclei approximately 7 µm in diameter (eight out of 23 cells examined with two macronuclei); one micronucleus approximately 2 µm across after staining (Figs 4E, 5K–L). Locomotion by swimming fast, sometimes motionless for long periods.</p><p>Altogether 9 or 10 SK extending from near anterior end to near posterior end (Figs 4B–C, 5A–B), all consisting of dikinetids in its anterior half and widely positioned monokinetids posteriorly (Fig. 5E, K). SKn consisting of 10 to 13 kinetids; SK 1 composed of 14 kinetids. PM generally L-shaped, occupies about 40%–45% of body length, composed of zigzagging structure (Figs 4D, 5C). M1 consists of two longitudinal rows of monokinetids, shorter than M2 (Figs 4D, 5D); M2 long-triangle shaped, composed of three longitudinal rows and 8 horizontal rows (Figs 4D, 5C); M3 obviously smaller and shorter than M1 and M2, bearing one row consisting of four basal bodies (Figs 4D, 5C). Scutica patterns diversified (Figs 4F–J, 5F–J), arranged in two groups mainly (Figs 4D, F, 5F), located near posterior end of PM; each part composed of two and four basal bodies.</p><p>Gene sequences</p><p>The SSU-rRNA gene sequence of  Cyclidium paravorax sp. nov. has been deposited in GenBank database with the accession number OR466404.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DA77467DFFA5FF9AFDBBF1F6FD426A04	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Wang, Xiang;Liu, Lihui;Wang, Jialu;Wang, Xiaosong;Wang, Jiarui;Wang, Li;Zhao, Lv;Pan, Xuming	Wang, Xiang, Liu, Lihui, Wang, Jialu, Wang, Xiaosong, Wang, Jiarui, Wang, Li, Zhao, Lv, Pan, Xuming (2025): Systematic positions and taxonomy of two freshwater ciliates found in China, with establishments of one new family and two new species (Ciliophora, Oligohymenophorea). European Journal of Taxonomy 981: 1-20, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.981.2813, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2813/12837
