identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
E552A55AFFB6FFE0A0B8FAB9FE69FA0B.text	E552A55AFFB6FFE0A0B8FAB9FE69FA0B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhinella mirandaribeiroi (Gallardo 1965)	<div><p>Rhinella mirandaribeiroi (Cerrado vs. Topotypes)</p><p>Morphologic and Morphometric</p><p>Morphometric variable values can be found in Table 1. The topotypes of  R. mirandaribeiroi are morphologically similar to B. g. lutzi and other specimens from the  Cerrado, and they can be diagnosed from most species in the group by: granular or continuous cranial crests, low supraorbital crest, infraorbital crest extending usually beyond the postorbital crest, generally discontinuous reduced maxillary crest, and absence of a parietal crest (Figures 1–2). Loreal region clearly visible in dorsal view, tympanum very close to the postorbital crest (DTP 0.4–1.0% CRC), a usually present clear longitudinal vertebral line, and a light cream or yellowish ventral side, with or without pigmentation. Neither morphological nor morphometric characters allowed for the diagnosis between populations.</p><p>......continued on the next page</p><p>Acoustics</p><p>We found conserved parameters of call features among samples. All evaluated specimens have advertisement calls consisting of regular series of pulsed notes (trills) that can last up to 11 seconds. The call has ascending amplitude modulation, with the initial notes generally having low amplitude and then quickly reaching the maximum, which is maintained up the end. The notes consist of three to five concatenated pulses (without intervals of silence). No acoustic feature was different among the evaluated populations.</p><p>Topotypical population of  R. mirandaribeiroi (Soure, Marajó Island)</p><p>In the type locality, males vocalize after rains at night in shallow puddles formed along dirt roads on the outskirts of the city. The immediate surroundings of these vocalization sites were open anthropogenic environments with pasture or cultivated areas. Syntopic anurans include  Leptodactylus fuscus,  Scinax x-signatus,  Boana raniceps,  S. fuscomarginatus, Physalaemus ephippifer, and  Adenomera hylaedactyla . The advertisement call consists of a sequence of approximately 126 notes and lasts around 4 seconds, emitted at a rate of 8 calls per minute with 33 notes per second. The calls reach maximum amplitude rapidly and remain constant until the end (Figure 3). The notes have a duration of about 20 ms and contain 3−4 pulses per note. The dominant frequency is around 2800 Hz. Further details in Table 2.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E552A55AFFB6FFE0A0B8FAB9FE69FA0B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Moreno, Julian Sebastián Ramirez;Giaretta, Ariovaldo Antonio	Moreno, Julian Sebastián Ramirez, Giaretta, Ariovaldo Antonio (2025): The identity of Rhinella mirandaribeiroi (Gallardo, 1965) (Anura: Bufonidae) and its diagnosis in relation to Rhinella granulosa (Spix, 1824). Zootaxa 5588 (1): 105-128, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5588.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5588.1.4
E552A55AFFB3FFEEA0B8F965FB90FA64.text	E552A55AFFB3FFEEA0B8F965FB90FA64.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhinella mirandaribeiroi	<div><p>Populations of  R. mirandaribeiroi (Cerrado)</p><p>Males vocalize after rains at night in shallow puddles at the edge of shallow streams, lakes, or in areas of low and sparse vegetation near pasture or cultivated fields. The calls are composed of a sequence of approximately 153 notes with a duration of around 5 seconds, emitted at a rate of 4 calls per minute and 28 notes per second. The calls reach maximum amplitude rapidly and remain constant until the end (Figure 5). The notes have a duration of about 25 ms and contain 4 to 5 pulses per note. The dominant frequency is around 2795 Hz.</p><p>Molecular Analyses</p><p>Considering a 614-base pair sequences of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA fragment, the topotypes exhibit low genetic distance in comparison to the Cerrado populations (uncorrected distance of 1.43–1.89%). The intraspecific genetic distance was on average 0.06 for the Cerrado populations and 0.02 for the topotypes.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E552A55AFFB3FFEEA0B8F965FB90FA64	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Moreno, Julian Sebastián Ramirez;Giaretta, Ariovaldo Antonio	Moreno, Julian Sebastián Ramirez, Giaretta, Ariovaldo Antonio (2025): The identity of Rhinella mirandaribeiroi (Gallardo, 1965) (Anura: Bufonidae) and its diagnosis in relation to Rhinella granulosa (Spix, 1824). Zootaxa 5588 (1): 105-128, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5588.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5588.1.4
E552A55AFFBCFFEDA0B8F9F9FE16F99F.text	E552A55AFFBCFFEDA0B8F9F9FE16F99F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhinella mirandaribeiroi	<div><p>R. mirandaribeiroi vs.  R. granulosa</p><p>Morphometrics and Morphology</p><p>Both species share the following morphological features: 1) granular or continuous cranial crests; 2) low supraorbital crest; 3) infraorbital extending usually beyond the postorbital crest; 4) typically reduced and discontinuous maxillary crest; 5) absent parietal crest; 6) visible loreal region in dorsal view; and 7) light cream or yellowish ventral coloration with or without pigmentation. However, a clear dorsal vertebral line is present in 95% of the individuals from the Cerrado ( R. mirandaribeiroi) and only in 5% from the Caatinga and Mata Atlântica ( R. granulosa) (Figure 1, 2). Overall, the morphometric variables were similar between the two species (Table 3).</p><p>......continued on the next page</p><p>Molecular Analyses</p><p>Both species showed expressive genetic divergences (3.8–6.1%) in the mitochondrial fragment. The intraspecific genetic distance was on average 0.09 for  R. mirandaribeiroi and 0.06 for  R. granulosa .</p><p>Acoustics</p><p>We found conserved call parameter features between the two species. The advertisement call of  R. granulosa consists of a sequence of approximately 170 notes and lasts about 5 seconds, emitted at a rate of 5 calls per minute with 32 notes per second. The notes had a duration of approximately 22 ms and with 4 to 5 pulses per note. The dominant frequency is around 2700 Hz. The calls reach maximum amplitude quickly and remain constant until the end (Figure 6). Further details can be found in Table 4. Our results are consistent with the published analysis of these data (Giarretta et al. 2018).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E552A55AFFBCFFEDA0B8F9F9FE16F99F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Moreno, Julian Sebastián Ramirez;Giaretta, Ariovaldo Antonio	Moreno, Julian Sebastián Ramirez, Giaretta, Ariovaldo Antonio (2025): The identity of Rhinella mirandaribeiroi (Gallardo, 1965) (Anura: Bufonidae) and its diagnosis in relation to Rhinella granulosa (Spix, 1824). Zootaxa 5588 (1): 105-128, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5588.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5588.1.4
