identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
122556AB11275C5F9A5A7D663D1F982D.text	122556AB11275C5F9A5A7D663D1F982D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Erysiphe amphicarpaeicola M. Bradshaw 2025	<div><p>Erysiphe amphicarpaeicola M. Bradshaw sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 5</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Epithet composed of the name of the host genus and the Latin-derived suffix “ - cola ” (dweller).</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Morphologically distinguished from Erysiphe glycines by having chasmothecia with shorter appendages, up to twice as long as the chasmothecial diameter (versus up to seven times as long as the diameter in E. glycines), and phylogenetically by forming a distant highly supported clade.</p><p>Type.</p><p>USA • North Carolina, Ashe County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-81.55589&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.39081" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -81.55589/lat 36.39081)">near West Jefferson</a>, on leaves of Amphicarpaea bracteata, along Bluff Mountain logging road, 36°23'26.9"N, 81°33'21.2"W, 14 September 2024, J. Thompson (NCSLG 25124 — holotype). Ex-holotype sequence: PV 416665 (ITS), PV 472002 (GAPDH), PV 471964 (GS) .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Mycelium amphigenous, forming effuse, arachnoid, whitish patches; hyphae branched, often at right angles, septate, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth, 3–5 µm wide; hyphal appressoria solitary, nipple-shaped to lobate, 4–10 µm wide; conidiophores 65–80 µm long, septate at base, foot cells 24–42 µm long and 6–8 µm wide, straight to usually somewhat flexuous, sinuous, followed by 1–2 shorter cells, about 15–20 × 7–8 µm conidia formed singly, cylindrical-doliiform, 23–35 × 10–12 µm, germination not seen. Chasmothecia scattered, subglobose to globose, dark brown, 90–154 × 104–157 µm in diameter; peridium cells irregularly polygonal, 6–13 × 10–19 µm; appendages in the lower half of the chasmothecium, number variable, few to numerous, mycelioid, often interwoven with the mycelium and with each other, sometimes poorly developed and hard to distinguish from the mycelial hyphae, length variable (up to two times the diameter of the chasmothecium), thin-walled, smooth, narrow (up to 4 µm wide), septate, hyaline; asci 4–6 per chasmothecium, 63–70 × 38–45 µm, oblong-ellipsoid, short-stalked, 6 - spored; ascospores ellipsoid-ovoid, 20–22 × 11–12 µm, colorless.</p><p>Additional specimens examined.</p><p>(all on leaves of Amphicarpaea bracteata): USA • North Carolina, Macon County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-83.126945&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.016388" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -83.126945/lat 35.016388)">Cashiers</a>, along roadside, 35°00'59"N, 83°07'37"W, 2024, June 2024, J. Thompson 100 (NCSLG 25142) ; • <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-83.126945&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.016388" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -83.126945/lat 35.016388)">Shortoff Mountain</a> along trail, 35°00'59"N, 83°07'37"W, June 2024, J. Thompson 101. (NCSLG 25141) ; • Macon County, Highlands, on leaves of Amphicarpaea bracteata along roadside, 16 September 1975, L. F. Grand 2095 (NCSLG 22551) .</p><p>Substrate / host.</p><p>Amphicarpaea bracteata .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>North America (Canada, USA), probably widespread.</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Amano (1986) listed Amphicarpaea bracteata as host of Erysiphe communis from Canada and the United States. Braun and Cook (2012) assigned North American Erysiphe specimens on A. bracteata to E. glycines, an Asian species that occurs on Glycine spp. and Amphicarpaea edgeworthii . This decision was based on the morphological similarity between Asian and North American specimens. Sequences retrieved from Asian collections on Glycine spp. and Amphicarpaea edgeworthii form a strongly supported species clade within the basal Uncinula lineage within Erysiphe (Bradshaw et al. 2023 b) . The North American E. amphicarpaeicola clade also clusters in the Uncinula lineage, far from E. glycines (Fig. 2). Based on the examined specimens, chasmothecia on A. bracteata differ from E. glycines chasmothecia in having shorter appendages, up to twice as long as the chasmothecial diameter (versus up to seven times as long as the diameter).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/122556AB11275C5F9A5A7D663D1F982D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	LaGreca, Scott;Crouch, Uma;Paul, Andrew;Thomas, Jacklyn;Thompson, Jake;Shaw, Christian;Cubeta, Marc A.;Braun, Uwe;Bradshaw, Michael	LaGreca, Scott, Crouch, Uma, Paul, Andrew, Thomas, Jacklyn, Thompson, Jake, Shaw, Christian, Cubeta, Marc A., Braun, Uwe, Bradshaw, Michael (2025): Hidden treasures of herbaria - even small collections contain a wealth of diversity: the powdery mildews of the North Carolina State Larry F. Grand Mycological Herbarium. IMA Fungus 16: e 156231, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.156231
4DCFE85755435F61830405D421F5FF72.text	4DCFE85755435F61830405D421F5FF72.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Erysiphe quercus-virginianae M. Bradshaw 2025	<div><p>Erysiphe quercus-virginianae M. Bradshaw sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 6</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Epithet derived from the name of the host plant, Quercus virginiana .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Morphologically close to Erysiphe abbreviata s. lat., but differing by forming much larger chasmothecia, 116–159 µm diam., with up to 20 appendages, and 4–8 - spored asci. Phylogenetically well-distinguished from E. abbreviata and all other North American Erysiphe spp. on oaks by forming a highly supported clade.</p><p>Type.</p><p>USA • North Carolina, Wake County, J. C. Raulston Arboretum, NC State University, 4415 Beryl Road, Raleigh, on Quercus virginiana planted in the arboretum, 35°47.687.10'N, 78°41.97100'W, 149 m alt., 9 November 2011, L. F. Grand s. n. (NCSLG 18481 — holotype). Ex-holotype sequence: OR 424987 (ITS + 28 S), OR 427493 (CAM), OR 427579 (GAPDH), OR 427663 (GS), OR 427727 (RPB 2), OR 427793 (TUB) .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Mycelium and anamorph not seen. Chasmothecia scattered to gregarious among trichomes on abaxial leaf surfaces, subglobose to globose, 116–159 × 123–144 µm; peridium cells conspicuous, brown, irregularly polygonal, 12–21 × 7–14 µm; appendages 8–20, equatorial, stiff, straight to somewhat curved, aseptate, hyaline, 60–125 µm long, relative length usually about 0.5–1 times the chasmothecial diameter or somewhat shorter, 4–7 µm wide [widest at base], apices 4–5 × regularly dichotomously branched not strictly in one dimension, tips of the ultimate branchlets recurved; asci 5–8 per chasmothecium, obovoid, saccate, short-stalked, 55–75 × 40–60 µm, walls up to 3 µm thick, 4–8 - spored; ascospores ellipsoid-ovoid, hyaline, 15–25 × 8–13 µm.</p><p>Additional specimen examined.</p><p>USA • Florida, Broward County, Fort Lauderdale, on Quercus virginiana, 2022, M. J. Bradshaw s. n. (NCSLG 24888) .</p><p>Substrate / host.</p><p>Quercus virginiana ( Quercus subgen. Quercus sect. Virentes; Manos and Hipp 2021).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>North America (USA, Florida, North Carolina).</p><p>Notes.</p><p>The new species, Erysiphe quercus-virginianae, is morphologically similar to the morphology-based circumscription of E. abbreviata in Braun and Cook (2012), especially with regard to the number and length of the chasmothecial appendages. However, E. abbreviata is characterized by having smaller chasmothecia, 70–110 µm diam, with fewer, 3–6 - spored, asci (3–6), and somewhat larger ascospores, 20–32 × 13–21 µm when mature. Bradshaw et al. (2025 d) published a phylogenetic-taxonomic revision of North American Erysiphe spp. on oaks, including a re-assessment of E. abbreviata . A high degree of co-evolution between Erysiphe and Quercus species was revealed in that study and led to the introduction of multiple new species as well as emended circumscriptions of several species. Based on phylogenetic examination, E. abbreviata is confined to hosts of Quercus subgen. Quercus sect. Quercus subsect. Prinoideae . Hence, it is plausible that E. quercus-virginianae, on a host of another section (Virentes) represented another, undescribed species. Quercus virginiana and all other oak species assigned to sect. Virentes are to our knowledge not hosts of E. abbreviata (not listed as hosts in Braun and Cook 2012). Amano (1986) listed Microsphaera alni and M. extensa on Q. virginiana from North America. Erysiphe extensa is a morphologically distinct species with very long chasmothecial appendages (Braun and Cook 2012; Bradshaw et al. 2025 d), whereas E. quercus-virginianae may be potentially hidden under reports of M. alni on Q. virginiana .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4DCFE85755435F61830405D421F5FF72	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	LaGreca, Scott;Crouch, Uma;Paul, Andrew;Thomas, Jacklyn;Thompson, Jake;Shaw, Christian;Cubeta, Marc A.;Braun, Uwe;Bradshaw, Michael	LaGreca, Scott, Crouch, Uma, Paul, Andrew, Thomas, Jacklyn, Thompson, Jake, Shaw, Christian, Cubeta, Marc A., Braun, Uwe, Bradshaw, Michael (2025): Hidden treasures of herbaria - even small collections contain a wealth of diversity: the powdery mildews of the North Carolina State Larry F. Grand Mycological Herbarium. IMA Fungus 16: e 156231, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.156231
55F4B9AFEC9259FB8CD6D5C14EEF9473.text	55F4B9AFEC9259FB8CD6D5C14EEF9473.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Erysiphe ulmi-alatae M. Bradshaw 2025	<div><p>Erysiphe ulmi-alatae M. Bradshaw sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 7</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Epithet referring to the name of the type host, Ulmus alata .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Erysiphe ulmi-alatae is morphologically barely distinguishable from E. macrospora, but can be distinguished by the host and the fact that it phylogenetically forms a separate, highly supported clade.</p><p>Type.</p><p>USA • North Carolina: Wake County, Beaverdam Campground, Falls Lake, in upland hardwood-pine forest, on leaves of Ulmus alata, 3 November 2008, L. F. Grand 2095 and C. A. Vernia (NCSLG 18204 – holotype). Ex-holotype sequence: PV 416510 (ITS), PV 409586 (IGS) .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Mycelium in persistent, creamy-white patches, almost entirely on adaxial leaf surfaces; hyphae branched, often at right angles, septate, hyaline, 3–5 µm wide; hyphal appressoria solitary or in opposite pairs, lobed; conidia formed singly, cylindrical-doliiform, 34–40 × 11–18 µm. Chasmothecia scattered to gregarious, dark brown, subglobose to globose, 130–178 µm in diameter; peridium cells irregularly polygonal, 7–13 × 10–21 µm; appendages numerous, number variable (40 +), hyaline, aseptate, ± equatorial, 80–145 × 5–9 µm, mostly shorter than the chasmothecial diameter, width ± equal throughout, walls smooth, uniformly thickened from base to tip, apices uncinate to circinate when mature, uncinate-circinate apex not enlarged, circinate apices 10–15 µm across (appendages shorter, stiffer, and with pointed ends when immature); asci 10–25 per chasmothecium, obovoid, saccate, short-stalked, 48–70 × 23–24 µm, walls up to 3 µm thick, 2 - spored; ascospores ellipsoid-ovoid to slightly teardrop-shaped, 22–30 × 11–17 µm, hyaline.</p><p>Additional specimens examined.</p><p>(all on leaves of Ulmus alata): USA • North Carolina, Cabarrus County, Concord, 15 October 1972, R. L. Forster 63 (NCSLG 24392) ; • Wake County, Cary, 7 July 2008, Y. Weimin s. n. (NCSLG 17649) ; • NC State University campus, Raleigh, 27 September 1972, A. J. Julius s. n. (NCSLG 24393) ; • Miner Presbyterian Church, New Bern Avenue, Raleigh, 24 September 1978, R. Sohn s. n. and G. Emberger (NCSLG 24391) .</p><p>Substrate / host.</p><p>Ulmus alata .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>(based on specimens deposited in North American herbaria as ‘ Erysiphe macrospora ’ or ‘ Uncinula macrospora ’ on Ulmus alata): North America (USA: Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas).</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Erysiphe ( Uncinula lineage) on Ulmus alata was previously assigned to Uncinula macrospora and Erysiphe macrospora, respectively (Salmon 1900; Braun 1987; Braun and Cook 2012). However, in the first phylogenetic examinations of E. macrospora, Bradshaw et al. (2023 b) revealed the paraphyly of this species. Sequences obtained from the type host, Ulmus americana, as well as on U. rubra (= U. fulva) and U. pumila, formed a well-supported clade, with a sequence retrieved from U. alata clustering outside in sister position. Now, additional sequences are available and confirm the Erysiphe on U. alata as a distinct, cryptic, sister species. The genetic similarity between E. macrospora and E. ulmi-alatae in multiple loci is relatively low (~ 95 %), which supports the description of a separate species. The two species are morphologically barely distinguishable, i. e., they can only be differentiated by their sequence differences and different hosts. The separation of E. macrospora s. lat. into two species, based on its host species, is not surprising. According to the current phylogenetic-taxonomic division of the genus Ulmus (Whittemore et al. 2021), the type species, Ulmus americana, pertains to Ulmus subgen. Oreopteleae sect. Blepharocarpus, whereas U. alata is assigned to Ulmus subgen. Oreopteleae sect. Chaetoptelea . Ulmus crassifolia and U. thomasii (= U. racemosa) are two additional elm species known to be hosts of E. macrospora s. lat. (Braun and Cook 2012) that belong to sect. Chaetoptelea . It can be assumed that these elm species also pertain to the host range of E. ulmi-alatae, which is, yet, unproven by means of sequence analyses. Additionally, Ulmus rubra (= U. fulva), a species pertaining to Ulmus subgen. Ulmus sect. Ulmus, is a proven host of E. macrospora, suggesting a wider host range of this species. The occurrence of E. ulmi-alatae on U. alata likely follows the distribution of its host species in the Southeastern and Central USA.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/55F4B9AFEC9259FB8CD6D5C14EEF9473	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	LaGreca, Scott;Crouch, Uma;Paul, Andrew;Thomas, Jacklyn;Thompson, Jake;Shaw, Christian;Cubeta, Marc A.;Braun, Uwe;Bradshaw, Michael	LaGreca, Scott, Crouch, Uma, Paul, Andrew, Thomas, Jacklyn, Thompson, Jake, Shaw, Christian, Cubeta, Marc A., Braun, Uwe, Bradshaw, Michael (2025): Hidden treasures of herbaria - even small collections contain a wealth of diversity: the powdery mildews of the North Carolina State Larry F. Grand Mycological Herbarium. IMA Fungus 16: e 156231, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.156231
4858E78403C5504992C9B716E8697E3B.text	4858E78403C5504992C9B716E8697E3B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phyllactinia liriodendri U. Braun	<div><p>Phyllactinia liriodendri U. Braun, in Braun and Cook, Taxonomic Manual of the Erysiphales (Powdery Mildews): 260. 2012.</p><p>Type.</p><p>USA • Pennsylvania, Centre County, State College Campus, on Liriodendron tulipifera, 1889, W. A. Buckhout (BPI 859705 — holotype) .</p><p>Epitype.</p><p>(designated here, MycoBank, MBT 10025444): USA • North Carolina, Wake County, Raleigh, on Liriodendron tulipifera, November 1972, L. Lazo s. n. (NCSLG 22914). Ex-epitype sequences: PQ 585171 (ITS), PQ 589086 (TUB) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Phyllactinia liriodendri was included in phylogenetic-taxonomic studies recently published by Bradshaw et al. (2025 b). The authors suggested that sequences from specimens of this species form highly supported species clades in concatenated, ITS + 28 S, and TUB analyses, confirming the status of P. liriodendri as a species within the morphologically poorly differentiated genus Phyllactinia, which requires sequence data for unequivocal identifications. Ex typus sequences are the best option to obtain and analyze reference sequences for phylogenetic-taxonomic purposes. However, the type of P. liriodendri from 1889 is very old and sequencing was not attempted. In such cases, epitypification with ex-epitype sequences is the method of choice.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4858E78403C5504992C9B716E8697E3B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	LaGreca, Scott;Crouch, Uma;Paul, Andrew;Thomas, Jacklyn;Thompson, Jake;Shaw, Christian;Cubeta, Marc A.;Braun, Uwe;Bradshaw, Michael	LaGreca, Scott, Crouch, Uma, Paul, Andrew, Thomas, Jacklyn, Thompson, Jake, Shaw, Christian, Cubeta, Marc A., Braun, Uwe, Bradshaw, Michael (2025): Hidden treasures of herbaria - even small collections contain a wealth of diversity: the powdery mildews of the North Carolina State Larry F. Grand Mycological Herbarium. IMA Fungus 16: e 156231, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.156231
393024AF043A503CA5A8AAE92FB9805E.text	393024AF043A503CA5A8AAE92FB9805E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Takamatsuella grandii M. Bradshaw 2025	<div><p>Takamatsuella grandii M. Bradshaw sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 9</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Epithet in honor of NCSU mycologist Larry F. Grand.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Takamatsuella grandii differs morphologically from T. circinata in having appendages with walls uniformly 3 µm thick, and genetically by forming a highly supported clade.</p><p>Type.</p><p>USA • North Carolina, Wake County, Ligon Street, Raleigh, on leaves of Acer saccharum, 5 November 1980, M. Daykin s. n. (NCSLG 24386 — holotype). Ex-holotype sequences: PV 416651 (ITS), PV 409641 (IGS) .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Mycelium on abaxial surfaces of leaves, effuse, thin, arachnoid, grayish white; hyphae dichotomously branched, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth, septate; hyphal appressoria nipple-shaped; anamorph not seen. Chasmothecia scattered to + / - gregarious, depressed globose, 120–170 µm in diameter; peridium cells irregularly polygonal, light brown, 7–15 × 14–19 µm; appendages very numerous, up to 150 per chasmothecium, arising below the equator, stiff to flexuous, simple, apices tightly uncinate to circinate, not enlarged, about 0.3–1 times as long as the chasmothecial diameter, uniformly 2–6 µm wide and walls uniformly 3 µm thick, hyaline, aseptate, smooth, thin-walled; asci up to 8 or more, clavate-saccate, 70–90 × 25–40 µm, usually stalked, wall uniformly 3 µm thick, 8 - spored; ascospores ellipsoid-obovoid, 10–25 × 9–20 µm, hyaline.</p><p>Additional specimens examined.</p><p>USA • North Carolina, Wake County, Schenck Research Forest, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.733665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.815968" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.733665/lat 35.815968)">Raleigh</a>, on leaves of Acer saccharum, in floodplain along stream, 35°48.958'N, 78°44.020'W, 165 m alt., 26 October 2011, L. F. Grand s. n. (NCSLG 18506) ; • Wake County, Schenck Research Forest, Raleigh, on leaves of Acer saccharum (= A. barbatum, ≡ A. saccharum var. barbatum, ≡ A. saccharum f. barbatum; = A. dasycarpum), 6 October 1998, G. Blosser 32 (NCSLG 24381) .</p><p>Substrate / host.</p><p>Acer saccharum .</p><p>Distribution</p><p>(based on specimens on Acer saccharum deposited in North American herbaria): North America (USA: Indiana, New York, New Hampshire, North Carolina, Pennsylvania).</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Takamatsuella grandii is an undescribed cryptic species infecting different Acer species to those of T. circinatum . The host of the type specimen of T. circinata is Acer spicatum ( Acer sect. Spicata) (Braun and Cook 2012). Additional Acer spp. cited as host species of T. circinata are A. glabrum (unresolved name), A. nigrum ( Acer sect. Acer ser. Saccharodendron), A. pensylvanicum ( Acer sect. Macranthum), A. rubrum ( Acer sect. Rubra), A. saccharum ( Acer sect. Acer ser. Saccharodendron), and A. saccharinum ( Acer sect. Rubra); subgeneric affiliations according to Davis (2021). Phylogenetic analyses of specimens of Takamatsuella on Acer saccharum revealed the existence of a cryptic species on this host, now referred to as T. grandii . The new species presented here is morphologically very close to T. circinata but differs in having appendages with walls uniformly 3 µm thick (versus thin-walled or only thickened at the base). The affinity of Takamatsuella species on the other host species listed above remains unclear since they belong to different sections of Acer . Based on the currently available sequences, as well as the high degree of co-evolution within this group of powdery mildews, it can be assumed that the Takamatsuella species on Acer nigrum might be T. grandii, whereas specimens on A. rubrum and A. saccharinum (sect. Rubra) are expected to be part of the host range of T. circinata, pending molecular confirmation.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/393024AF043A503CA5A8AAE92FB9805E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	LaGreca, Scott;Crouch, Uma;Paul, Andrew;Thomas, Jacklyn;Thompson, Jake;Shaw, Christian;Cubeta, Marc A.;Braun, Uwe;Bradshaw, Michael	LaGreca, Scott, Crouch, Uma, Paul, Andrew, Thomas, Jacklyn, Thompson, Jake, Shaw, Christian, Cubeta, Marc A., Braun, Uwe, Bradshaw, Michael (2025): Hidden treasures of herbaria - even small collections contain a wealth of diversity: the powdery mildews of the North Carolina State Larry F. Grand Mycological Herbarium. IMA Fungus 16: e 156231, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.156231
