identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
EA7C87DDFFC10706FE4D57DBFD27AA2A.text	EA7C87DDFFC10706FE4D57DBFD27AA2A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leiurus abdullahbayrami Yagmur, Koc & Kunt 2009	<div><p>Leiurus abdullahbayrami Yağmur, Koç &amp; Kunt, 2009</p><p>(Figures 3, 7-26, 91, 97; Tables 1, 3)</p><p>Leiurus abdullahbayrami Yağmur, Koç &amp; Kunt, 2009: 2–16, figs. 1–22, tab. 1–2.</p><p>Type locality and type depository. Holotype adult ♂, Türkiye, hill 1 km E of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=37.28092&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.09625" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 37.28092/lat 37.09625)">Sarısalkım Village</a>, 37°05'46.5"N 37°16'51.3"E, 1029 m a.s.l., 14.VIII.2004, leg. E.A. Yağmur (MTAS /But:0908-01).</p><p>Material examined. Jordan: 1 juv. ♀, Al Husayneiah-Al <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=35.774776&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.58725" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 35.774776/lat 30.58725)">Qadesiah Road</a>, Ma'an Governorate, 30° 35' 14.1" N 35°46' 29.2" E, 1087 m a.s.l., 7 September 2013, leg. Z. Amr and RSCN ; 1 subadult ♀, 2 km SW <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=35.991196&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.597944" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 35.991196/lat 31.597944)">Daba'a</a>, Amman Governorate, 31° 35' 52.6" N 35° 59' 28.3" E, 739 m a.s.l., 7 September 2013 ,</p><p>leg. Z. Amr and RSCN; 1 ♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=36.074112&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.90736" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 36.074112/lat 31.90736)">Madounah</a>, Amman Governorate, 31°54'26.5"N 36°04'26.8"E, 731 m a.s.l., 14 October 2019 , leg. M. Al-Saraireh; 1♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=35.980415&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.337862" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 35.980415/lat 31.337862)">Qasr Bshir</a> / 11 km NW Al Qatrana, Karak Governorate, 31°20'16.3"N 35°58' 49.5"E, 790 m a.s.l., 19 April 2021 , leg. B. Abu Afifeh and M. Al-Saraireh; 1 ♂, 1 subadult ♂, 1 ♀, 3 juv. ♀♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=36.13036&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.866861" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 36.13036/lat 31.866861)">4 km SE Al Manakher</a>, Amman Governorate, 31°52'00.7"N 36°07'49.3"E, 730 m a.s.l., 1 September 2022 , leg. M. Abualrobe; 2 ♂♂, 8 ♀♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=35.499027&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.225166" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 35.499027/lat 30.225166)">4 km NW Ayl</a>, Ma'an Governorate, 30°13'30.6"N 35°29'56.5"E, 1622 m a.s.l., 7 Sep. 2023 , leg. B. Abu Afifeh and M. Al-Saraireh; 4 ♀♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=35.528442&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.246723" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 35.528442/lat 30.246723)">2 km NW Basta</a>, Ma'an Governorate, 30°14'48.2"N 35°31'42.4"E, 1539 m a.s.l., 7 September 2023 , leg. B. Abu Afifeh and M. Al-Saraireh; 1 subadult ♂, 1 juv. ♀, 4 ♀♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=35.991196&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.597944" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 35.991196/lat 31.597944)">2 km SW Daba'a</a>, Amman Governorate, 31°35' 52.6"N 35°59' 28.3"E, 739 m a.s.l., 15 September 2023 , leg. B. Abu Afifeh and R. Abu Afifeh; 4 ♂♂, 9 subadult ♂♂, 5 ♀♀, 7 subadult ♀♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=35.499027&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.225166" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 35.499027/lat 30.225166)">4 km NW Ayl</a>, Ma'an Governorate, 30°13'30.6"N 35°29' 56.5"E, 1622 m a.s.l., 10 May 2024 , leg. B. Abu Afifeh, R. Abu Afifeh, and H. Al-Bdareen; 2 subadult ♂♂, 7 ♀♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=36.114666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.15314" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 36.114666/lat 32.15314)">1.5 km N Al Hashemiya</a>, Zarqa Governorate, 32°09'11.3"N 36°06'52.8" E, 556 m a.s.l., 17 May 2024 , leg. B. Abu Afifeh and M. Al-Saraireh; 12 ♂♂, 7 ♀♀, 2.1 km S Al Ekaider / 3.7 km S <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=36.080666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.479694" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 36.080666/lat 32.479694)">Syrian</a> border, Mafraq Governorate, 32°28'46.9"N 36° 04' 50.4"E, 682 m a.s.l., 28 June 2024 , leg. B. Abu Afifeh and M. Al-Saraireh.</p><p>.</p><p>Diagnosis of examined material.Small to medium Leiurus, adults 50-80 mm in total length, carapace length 5.76–7.32 mm in males, 7.92–9.00 in females, general colour yellow with variable dark reddish-brown pigmentation on carapace, mesosoma, and metasoma V; the interocular triangle on carapace is fuscous except the area between anterior median carinae lacking dark pigment Fig. (91), the ventromedian carinae of metasoma II–IV with dark pigment, metasoma V fuscous except for posterior end, anterior margin of carapace slightly concave, all carapace carinae strongly developed; central lateral and posterior median carinae fused to form lyre shaped row of granules, carapace anteromedian intercarinal surface smooth with few isolated granules, carapace posteromedian furrow shallow and moderately deep and flanked by arcs of fine or coarse granules Fig. (97), chelicerae with characteristic buthid dentition (Vachon, 1963); tergites I–II, VII pentacarinate, III–VI tricarinate; medial intercarinal surfaces of tergites II-III shagreened, with variable medium to fine granulations; sternites III with obsolete median carinae in females; weak to moderate in males; sternite IV-V with median carinae weak to obsolete in males, obsolete in females; sternite IV-V with lateral carinae weak to moderate in males, weak in females, sternite VII medial intercarinal surface smooth, pectinal tooth counts ranging from 33- 40 in males, and 29-34 in females. Pedipalps stout; femur L/ W 3.00 - 3.33 in males, 2.85-3.22 in females; patella L/ W 2.76 -3.00 in males, 2.48-2.86 in females; chela L/ W 5.43 –5.92 in males, 4.92–5.81 in females; fixed and movable finger of pedipalps with 10-11 rows of granules and marked accessory granules; trichobothrial pattern orthobothriotaxic, type A-β (Vachon, 1974, 1975); pedipalp chela fixed finger trichobothrium db basal to est; metasoma I–III with 10 carinae, median lateral carinae complete on I, reduced on II–III; metasoma IV with 8 carinae; metasoma V with 7 carinae; metasoma V with enlarged subtriangular or lobate denticles on ventrolateral carinae, metasoma robust; metasoma I L/ W 1.07 –1.17 in males, 1.04–1.12 in females, metasoma II L/ W 1.33 - 1.44 in males, 1.33–1.42 in females; metasoma III L/ W 1.46 – 1.62 in males, 1.44–1.54 in females; males, 2.09–2.31 in females. Lateral anal margin with 2 rounded lobes (one large and one small lobe but the large lobe can be partially subdivided into two lobes), and 5-6 irregular, wide transverse crenulations on ventral margin. metasoma IV L/ W 1.76 –1.88 in males, 1.71–1.83 in females; metasoma V L/ W 2.04 –2.27 in males, 2.09–2.31 in females. Remarks: the examined material from different localities in Jordan match the morphological description and the morphometrical ratios of Leiurus abdullahbayrami given by Yağmur et al. (2009) and Lowe et al. (2014). Yağmur et al. (2009) reported three colour variations between populations of Leiurus abdullahbayrami from Türkiye, Hatay population has darker coloration on prosoma, mesosoma and metasomal segment V than in Gaziantep, Kilis, Adıyaman and Kahramanmaraş populations; carapace in Hatay population has no yellow spots. On the other hand, background colour of prosoma, mesosoma and metasomal segment V in Şanlıurfa population is lighter than in Gaziantep, Kilis, Adıyaman and Kahramanmaraş populations (see Fig. 22 in Yağmur et al., 2009), Khalil &amp; Yağmur (2010) reported two colour patterns of Leiurus abdullahbayrami from Syria; Homs population which resembles the colour pattern from Gaziantep, Kilis in Türkiye, and the population from Al-Hasakah east of Syria and Şanlıurfa population from Türkiye has the same grey light colour pattern. In this study we noticed two colour variations from Jordan; the colour pattern of Al Ekaider (3.7 km south Syrian border), Al Hashemiya, and Al-Madoona east of Amman populations from Jordan resembles the colour pattern of Hatay from Türkiye, also the same as Beka’a from Lebanon, which has a dark black pigment on carapace, and mesosoma, whereas the southern populations from Jordan in Daba'a, Al Qatrana, Al Husayneiah, Ayl, and Basta west of Ma'an has lighter colour on prosoma, mesosoma than the northern populations; carapace interocular triangle with light brown pigment except the area between anterior median carinae lacking pigment.</p><p>Measurements: See table 1.</p><p>Distribution: Türkiye, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EA7C87DDFFC10706FE4D57DBFD27AA2A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Afifeh, Bassam Abu;Al-Saraireh, Mohammad;Amr, Zuhair	Afifeh, Bassam Abu, Al-Saraireh, Mohammad, Amr, Zuhair (2025): Revision of the genus Leiurus in Jordan, with a description of a new species and a new record (Scorpiones: Buthidae). Ecologica Montenegrina 86: 81-118, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.86.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.86.4
EA7C87DDFFC8070FFE3C546BFF1BAAA2.text	EA7C87DDFFC8070FFE3C546BFF1BAAA2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leiurus aylaensis Afifeh & Al-Saraireh & Amr 2025	<div><p>Leiurus aylaensis sp. n. Abu Afifeh, Al-Saraireh &amp; Amr</p><p>https://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 92DC352B-D7C0-4144-8000-D6BF637C8C11 (Figures 1-2, 27-46, 92, 98; Tables1, 3)</p><p>Type locality and type depository. Jordan, 17 km SE Aqaba / 12 km SW <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=35.09661&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.392221" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 35.09661/lat 29.392221)">Titin</a>, Aqaba Governorate, 29° 23' 32.0" N 35° 05' 47.8" E, 861 m a.s.l., 9 May 2024 (BAPC) .</p><p>Type material examined. Jordan: 1 subadult ♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=35.082138&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.48975" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 35.082138/lat 29.48975)">Ports</a> highway/ 8 km SE Aqaba, Aqaba Governorate, 29°29'23.1"N 35°04'55.7"E, 710 m a.s.l., 21 August 2023, leg. M. Al-Saraireh ; 1 ♂, 4 subadult ♂♂, 2 juv. ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, 10 subadult ♀♀, 3 juv. ♀♀, 17 km SE Aqaba / 12 km SW <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=35.09661&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.392221" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 35.09661/lat 29.392221)">Titin</a>, Aqaba Governorate, 29°23'32.0"N 35°05'47.8"E, 861 m a.s.l., 9 May 2024, leg. B. Abu Afifeh, R. Abu Afifeh, and H. Al-Bdareen ; 3 ♂♂, 7 subadult ♂♂, 4 juv. ♂♂, 5 ♀♀, 1 ♀ (holotype), 8 subadult ♀♀, 2 juv. ♀♀, 16 km SE Aqaba / 10 km W <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=35.110916&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.411638" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 35.110916/lat 29.411638)">Titin</a>, Aqaba Governorate, 29°24'41.9"N 35°06'39.3"E, 1112 m a.s.l., 9 May 2024, leg. B. Abu Afifeh, R. Abu Afifeh, and H. Al-Bdareen .</p><p>Comparative material examined. Egypt: Leiurus quinquestriatus (Figures 87-90, 92, 95, 101): 2 ♂♂, 1♀, Lake Nasser, Aswan, Aswan Governorate, 11 April 2012, leg. Dr. Abdullah Naji. Saudi Arabia: Leiurus haenggii (Figures 96, 102): 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Wadi Reem (Al Aseel), Al Madinah <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=39.301525&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.918472" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 39.301525/lat 23.918472)">Al Monawwarah Province</a>, 23°55'06.50"N, 39°18'05.50"E, 1090 m a.s.l., 23 May 2022, leg. A. Aloufi ; 1 ♀, Al Fegrah (Wadi Mzaber), Al Madinah <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=38.962433&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.362316" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 38.962433/lat 24.362316)">Al Monawwarah Province</a>, 24°21'44.34"N, 38°57'44.75"E, 1551 m a.s.l., 28 August 2022, leg. A. Aloufi.</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet aylaensis is derived from Ayla, the ancient name for Aqaba, a city located in southern Jordan. This name honors the historical and geographical significance of the region.</p><p>Diagnosis. Small to medium Leiurus, adults 59-80 mm in total length, carapace length 6.72-7.44 mm in males, 6.96-9.24 in females, general colour yellow to yellowish orange (ochraceous); with variable dark reddish-brown pigmentation on carapace, mesosoma, and metasoma V; the interocular triangle on carapace is fuscous, and the ventromedian carinae of metasoma II–IV with dark pigment, metasoma V fuscous in adults except for posterior end, and usually darker in juveniles, anterior margin of carapace slightly concave, all carapace carinae strongly developed; central lateral and posterior median carinae fused to form lyre shaped row of granules, carapace anteromedian intercarinal surface shagreened with scattered medium or fine granules, carapace posteromedian furrow shallow and flanked by arcs of medium or fine granules, chelicerae with characteristic buthid dentition (Vachon, 1963); tergites I–II, VII pentacarinate, III–VI tricarinate; medial intercarinal surfaces of tergites II-III shagreened, with variable medium to fine granulations; sternites III with obsolete median carinae in females; moderate in males; sternite IV-V with median carinae weak to obsolete in males, obsolete in females; sternite IV-V with lateral carinae moderate in males, weak in females, sternite VII medial intercarinal surface densely, finely shagreened, pectinal tooth counts ranging from 32-38 in males, and 27-32 in females. Pedipalps slender; femur L/ W 3.87 - 4.21 in males, 3.42 - 3.75 in females; patella L/ W 3.83 - 3.88 in males, 3.14 - 3.39 in females; chela L/ W 7.55 - 8.36 in males, 6.45 - 7.40 in females; fixed and movable finger of pedipalps with 12 rows of granules and marked accessory granules; trichobothrial pattern orthobothriotaxic, type A-β (Vachon, 1974, 1975); pedipalp chela fixed finger trichobothrium db distal to es t; metasoma I–III with 10 carinae, median lateral carinae complete on I, reduced on II–III; metasoma IV with 8 carinae; metasoma V with 7 carinae; metasoma V with enlarged subtriangular or lobate denticles on ventrolateral carinae, metasoma slender; metasoma I L/ W 1.22 - 1.24 in males, 1.13 - 1.27 in females, metasoma II L/ W 1.66 - 1.72 in males, 1.58 - 1.80 in females; metasoma III L/ W 1.87 -1.96 in males, 1.67-2.03 in females; metasoma IV L/ W 2.27 -2.35 in males, 2.12-2.43 in females; metasoma V L/ W 2.79 -3.00 in males, 2.55 - 3.04 in females.</p><p>Description: Based on female holotype and paratypes. Measurements are in Table (1).</p><p>Coloration. Generally yellow to yellowish orange (Figs. 27-30), carapace with dark pigmentation on interocular triangle, and around median ocular tubercle; carinae of carapace and tergites darkened; anterior areas of tergites with dark pigment; metasomal segments I-IV yellowish except darkened ventromedian carinae; metasoma V fuscous except for posterior end; vesicle yellow; aculeus dark reddish-brown at the base and dark black at its extremity; chelicerae yellow; teeth blackish; pedipalps and legs are yellowish; rows of granules on the dentate margins of the fingers dark red.</p><p>Morphology</p><p>Prosoma (Fig. 98). Anterior margin of carapace slightly concave; all carapace carinae strongly developed, granulose, including central median, posterior median, anterior median, central lateral and central median; central lateral and posterior median carinae fused to form lyre shaped row of granules. carapace anteromedian intercarinal surface shagreened with scattered medium or fine granules, carapace posteromedian furrow shallow and flanked by arcs of medium or fine granules; median ocular tubercle only slightly anterior to the centre of the carapace, almost in a central position; median eyes separated by slightly more than two ocular diameters; five pairs of lateral eyes; (3 large, 2 small) on each side.</p><p>Chelicerae: Dorsal surface of manus smooth, convex, prodorsal margin finely granular; retrodorsal surfaces smooth; prolateral and ventral surfaces densely setose; fingers with normal buthid dentition (Vachon, 1963), fixed finger dorsal and ventral surfaces densely setose, dorsal margin bears 4 teeth: distal, subdistal, median, and basal; ventral margin with basal and median denticles; movable finger dorsal surface smooth; ventral surface densely setose; dorsal margin bears 5 teeth: distal, subdistal, median, and a pair of basal denticles fused in bicusp; ventral margin with distal, median, and basal teeth. The movable finger always ends in two distal teeth–one dorsal and one ventral– between which is inserted the distal tooth of the fixed finger.</p><p>Mesosoma (Figs. 33-34). Tergites I, II and VII pentacarinate; III and IV tricarinate; all carinae strong, granular; median carinae on I moderate to strong; on II-VI strong, crenulate; terminating distally on each segment with a spinoid process that extends very slightly beyond the posterior margin of the tergite; tergite VII with 5 strong, granular carinae; inner and outer lateral carinae joined anteriorly by transverse granule rows; median carinae present on anterior one-half to 2/3 of the total length, moderate to strong. Intercarinal spaces weakly granular, excepted for the lateral margins of tergites III-VI which are strongly granulated; sternites: lateral carinae absent from sternite III; weak to moderate on sternites IV-VI; strong, crenulate on VII; median carinae on sternite III obsolete in females, moderate in males; on IV weak to obsolete; on V weak; on VI moderate; on VII strong crenulate. Pectines long; reaching to or slightly beyond coxa-trochanter joint of leg IV in the female, well beyond this articulation in males; pectinal tooth count 32-38 in males and 27-32 in females. Pectines with 3 marginal lamellae, 9 middle lamellae, marginal and middle lamellae with dense cover of short reddish macrosetae; fulcra with 4–7 setae.</p><p>Metasoma (Figs. 35-40). Metasomal segments I to III with 10 carinae, crenulate; median lateral carinae on I moderate to strong, crenulate; on II present on posterior one-third, crenulate; on III limited to posterior one-fifth; IV with 8 carinae; dorsosubmedian carinae granulate, moderate on I–III, weak to moderate on IV; dorsolateral and ventrolateral carinae granulate to crenulate; moderate to strong on IIV; median lateral carinae granulate, moderate on I–II, moderate posteriorly, weak anteriorly on III; ventromedian carinae moderate on I, strong on II–IV; granules on II–III becoming larger posteriorly; Segment V with 7 carinae; dorsolateral carinae very weak, faintly granulated, ventrolateral carinae strong with dentate granules increasing in size posteriorly, with several large subtriangular denticles; ventrosubmedian carinae marked by prominent series of medium to large rounded, dentate granules along length of segment, ventromedian carina strong, with medium to large rounded, dentate granules; lateral anal margin with 3 blunt lobes divided by deep incisions, and 6-8 irregular, wide transverse crenulations on ventral margin. Dorsal furrows of all segments moderately to weakly developed with scattered fine granulations; intercarinal surfaces on segments I-III smooth to lightly shagreened; on IVV sparsely, lightly to minutely shagreened.</p><p>Telson (Figs. 35-40). Vesicle smooth, bulbous; ventral surface with scattered fine microsetae and several short macrosetae; aculeus slightly shorter than vesicle, subaculear tubercle absent.</p><p>Pedipalps</p><p>Femur (Figs. 41-42) slender, L/ W 3.87 -4.21 in males, 3.42-3.75 in females; with five carinae; dorsoexternal, dorsointernal, and ventrointernal carinae strong with regular large conical granules; internal carina strong, with irregular large granules; external carina obsolete, a smooth ridge with isolated large dentate granules; dorsal and internal surfaces finely, sparsely shagreened, ventral and external surfaces nearly smooth.</p><p>Patella (Figs. 43-44) slender, L/ W 3.83 -3.88 in males, 3.14-3.39 in females; with seven carinae; dorsointernal carinae moderate to strong, with one conspicuous spinoid granule and several smaller granules; dorsomedian carina weak, finely granular; dorsoexternal, external and ventroexternal carinae weak, smooth; ventromedian carina weak, with fine granules; ventrointernal carina weak, with wellspaced medium to small granules and ventral patellar spur; internal carina moderate, with closely spaced small granules and dorsal patellar spur.</p><p>Chela (Figs. 45-46) slender, L/ W 7.55 -8.36 in males, 6.45-7.40 in females; with elongated fingers; movable finger L/ Carapace L 1.20-1.38 in males, 1.17-1.27 in females, all carinae almost vestigial. Dentate margins of fixed and movable fingers composed of 12-13 almost linear rows of granules and conspicuous accessory granules.</p><p>Trichobothrial pattern orthobothriotaxic (Figs. 41-46). type A (Vachon, 1974); dorsal trichobothria of femur in beta configuration (Vachon, 1975); pedipalp chela fixed finger with trichobothrium db distal to est.</p><p>Legs: Moderately slender, ventral surface of telotarsi with stout paired rows of short tapered macrosetae. retrosuperior setae on basitarsus III counts 10-11. Tibial spurs present on legs III and IV strong. Pedal spurs present, strong on all legs, prolateral spurs basally bifurcate.</p><p>Distribution: Jordan.</p><p>Affinities</p><p>Leiurus quinquestriatus is distinguished from L. aylaensis sp. n. by having: (a). Larger size; total length 80-90 mm, and carapace length 7.8- 11.0 mm in L. quinquestriatus, while in L. aylaensis sp. n. 62-80 mm in total length, and carapace length 6.72-9.24 mm; (b). Carapace anteromedian intercarinal surface smooth with few isolated granules in L. quinquestriatus, while shagreened with scattered medium or fine granules in L. aylaensis sp. n.; (c). Carapace posteromedian furrow very shallow or obsolete in L. quinquestriatus (Fig. 101), whereas moderately deep in L. aylaensis sp. n. (Fig. 98); (d). Carapace posteromedian granule arcs reduced or absent in L. quinquestriatus (Fig. 101), whereas present in L. aylaensis sp. n. (Fig. 98); (e). Sternite III median carinae moderate to strong in female L. quinquestriatus (Fig. 90 and Fig. 92 J in Lowe et al. 2014), while obsolete in females of the new species (Fig. 34); (f). Sternite III medial intercarinal surface densely, finely granular or shagreened in L. quinquestriatus, while smooth in L. aylaensis sp. n.; (g). Sternites IV-V median carinae moderate in female of L. quinquestriatus (Fig. 90 and Fig. 78 B in Lowe et al. 2014, while obsolete in females of L. aylaensis sp. n. (Fig. 34); (h). Pedipalp chela relatively shorter in males of L. quinquestriatus; chela length to width ratio 6.13-7.40, 6.90 ± 0.49 (n=7) in males L. quinquestriatus, while 7.55-8.36, 7.98 ± 0.43 (n=4) in males of the new species; (i). Less slender pedipalp patella; patella L/ W 3.17 -3.63, 3.40 ± 0.16 (n=7) in males L. quinquestriatus, while 3.83-3.88, 3.85 ± 0.02 (n=4) in males L. aylaensis sp. n.; (j). Different colour pattern, carapace with area between anterior median carinae lacking dark pigment in L. quinquestriatus, whereas with dark pigment in L. aylaensis sp. n.</p><p>Leiurus haenggii is distinguished from L. aylaensis sp. n. by having (a). Larger size; total length 65-97 mm in L. haenggii, while 62-80 mm in L. aylaensis sp. n.; (b). Carapace anteromedian intercarinal surface smooth with few isolated granules in L. haenggii, whereas shagreened with scattered medium or fine granules in L. aylaensis sp. n.; (c). Tergites II-III medial intercarinal surfaces smooth or lightly shagreened in L. haenggii, while densely, finely shagreened in L. aylaensis sp. n.; (d). Sternite VII medial intercarinal surface smooth or lightly shagreened anteriorly in L. haenggii, while densely, finely shagreened in L. aylaensis sp. n.; (e). Pectine basal piece smooth in L. haenggii, while lightly shagreened in L. aylaensis sp. n.; (f). Less slender pedipalp patella; in L. haenggii patella L/ W 3.01 -3.53, 3.32 ± 0.17 in males (n=11), 2.60-3.14, 2.95 ± 0.15 in females (n=4), while in L. aylaensis sp. n. patella L/ W 3.83 -3.88, 3.85 ± 0.02 in males (n=4), 3.14-3.39, 3.28 ± 0.09 in females (n=8).</p><p>Leiurus arabicus is distinguished from L. aylaensis sp. n. by having: (a). Larger size; total length 74-100 mm, and carapace length 8.9- 11.6 mm in L. arabicus, while in the new species 62-80 mm in total length, and carapace length 6.72-9.24 mm; (b). Carapace anteromedian intercarinal surface smooth with few isolated granules in L. arabicus, while shagreened with scattered medium or fine granules in L. aylaensis sp. n.; (c). Tergites II-III medial intercarinal surfaces usually smooth or lightly shagreened in L. arabicus, while densely, finely shagreened in L. aylaensis sp. n.; (d). Sternite III median carinae weak to moderately strong in females L. arabicus (Fig. 92 B and C in Lowe et al. 2014, while obsolete in females of the new species (Fig. 34); (e). Sternites IV-V median carinae weak to moderate in females of L. arabicus (Fig. 37 B in Lowe et al. 2014, while obsolete in females of L. aylaensis sp. n. (Fig. 34); (f). Pedipalp movable finger relatively longer in L. arabicus; movable finger length to carapace length ratio 1.35-1.47, 1.42 ± 0.04 (n=10) in females L. arabicus, while 1.17-1.27, 1.23 ± 0.03 (n=8) in females of the new species.</p><p>Leiurus sinai is distinguished from L. aylaensis sp. n. by having: (a). Sternite III median carinae weak to moderate in females of L. sinai, while obsolete in females of L. aylaensis sp. n.; (b). Trichobothrium db on pedipalp chela fixed finger is proximal or in the same level with respect to trichobothrium est in L. sinai, while distal in L. aylaensis sp. n.; (c). Pedipalp chela is less slender; chela L/W ratio 6.5 in the male, and 6.31 in the female of L. sinai, whereas 7.55-8.36 (7.98 ± 0.43, n= 4) in males, and 6.45-7.40 (6.97 ± 0.41, n= 8) in females of the new species; (d). Different colour pattern, carapace only moderately spotted in its central zone in L. sinai, whereas the interocular triangle on carapace is always dark in L. aylaensis sp. n.</p><p>Leiurus hebraeus is distinguished from L. aylaensis sp. n. by having: (a). Less slender metasomal segments, and pedipalps (Table 3); (b). Different colour pattern; the interocular triangle on carapace is always yellow, and the ventro-median carinae of metasoma II–IV lacks dark pigment in L. hebraeus, whereas the interocular triangle is always dark or fuscous, and the ventro-median carinae of metasoma II–IV with dark pigment in L. aylaensis sp. n.; (c). Sternite III with weak to obsolete median carinae in females; strong in males of L. hebraeus (Figs. 52, 54 and Figs. 62 B, 66 B, 92 K in Lowe et al. 2014, while in the new species sternites III with obsolete median carinae in females (Fig. 34); moderate in males (Fig. 32); (d). Sternite IV-V with median carinae moderate in males, weak to obsolete in females; sternite IV-V with lateral carinae strong in males, weak to moderate in females (Figs. 52, 54), while in L. aylaensis sp. n. sternite IV-V with median carinae weak to obsolete in males, obsolete in females; sternite IV-V with lateral carinae moderate in males, weak in females (Figs. 32, 34); (e). The trichobothrium db on pedipalp chela fixed finger is proximal or distal to trichobothrium est in L. hebraeus, while always distal in L. aylaensis sp. n.</p><p>Leiurus abdullahbayrami is distinguished from L. aylaensis sp. n. by having: (a). Less slender and more robust metasomal segments, and pedipalps (Table 3); (b). Carapace anteromedian intercarinal surface smooth with few isolated granules in L. abdullahbayrami, while shagreened with scattered medium or fine granules in L. aylaensis sp. n.; (c). Sternite VII medial intercarinal surface smooth in L. abdullahbayrami, while densely, finely shagreened in L. aylaensis sp. n.; (d). The trichobothrium db on pedipalp chela fixed finger is always basal to trichobothrium est in L. Abdullahbayrami (Fig. 25), while always distal in L. aylaensis sp. n. (Fig. 45); (e). Pedipalp movable finger relatively shorter in L. abdullahbayrami; movable finger length to carapace length ratio 1.00–1.07 (1.04±0.03) (n=4) in males, and 1.01–1.07 (1.05 ± 0.02) (n=12) in females of L. abdullahbayrami, while 1.20-1.38 (1.29 ± 0.07) (n=4) in males, and 1.17-1.27 (1.23 ± 0.03) (n=8) in females of of the new species; (f). Pedipalp fingers with 10 -11 primary denticle subrows in L. abdullahbayrami, while 12 in the new species; (g). Lateral anal margin with 2 large lobes in L. abdullahbayrami, while 3 in L. aylaensis sp. n.</p><p>Leiurus jordanensis is distinguished from L. aylaensis sp. n. by having: (a). More slender metasomal segments, and pedipalps (Table 3); (b). Larger size; total length reaching 100 mm, and carapace length up to 11.4 mm in L. jordanensis, while in L. aylaensis sp. n. 62-80 mm in total length, and carapace length 6.72-9.24 mm; (c). Carapace anteromedian intercarinal surface smooth with few isolated granules in L. jordanensis, while shagreened with scattered medium or fine granules in L. aylaensis sp. n.; (d). Sternite III median carinae moderate to strong in female of L. jordanensis (Fig. 74 and Fig. 92 L in Lowe et al. 2014, while obsolete in females of L. aylaensis sp. n. (Fig. 34); (e). Sternite VII medial intercarinal surface finely granulated anteriorly in L. jordanensis, while densely, finely shagreened in L. aylaensis sp. n.; (f). Different colour pattern; base colour is black to blackish-brown, legs, telson, and pedipalp fingers are yellow in L. jordanensis, in contrast the base colour of L. aylaensis sp. n. is yellow, with less or more dark reddish-brown pigmentation on carapace, tergites and metasoma V.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EA7C87DDFFC8070FFE3C546BFF1BAAA2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Afifeh, Bassam Abu;Al-Saraireh, Mohammad;Amr, Zuhair	Afifeh, Bassam Abu, Al-Saraireh, Mohammad, Amr, Zuhair (2025): Revision of the genus Leiurus in Jordan, with a description of a new species and a new record (Scorpiones: Buthidae). Ecologica Montenegrina 86: 81-118, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.86.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.86.4
EA7C87DDFFD00714FDD651B1FD3BAAF4.text	EA7C87DDFFD00714FDD651B1FD3BAAF4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leiurus hebraeus (Birula 1908)	<div><p>Leiurus hebraeus (Birula, 1908)</p><p>(Figures 4, 47-66, 93, 99; Tables 2, 3)</p><p>Type locality and type depository. Lectotype adult ♀, 4 immature paralectotypes, Jordan, Wadi ‘ Arrud (ZISP 578) (not examined)</p><p>Material examined. Jordan: 2 subadult ♂♂, 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, Sad Al Kafreen, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=35.685806&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.859167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 35.685806/lat 31.859167)">Shoonah Janoobiah District</a>, Balqa Governorate, 31°51'33.0"N 35°41'08.9"E, - 67 m a.s.l., 25 May 2018, leg. M. Al-Saraireh and A. Ghayada ; 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=35.69047&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.105167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 35.69047/lat 31.105167)">Mu’ata</a>, Al Karak Governorate, 31°06'18.6"N 35°41'25.7"E, 1119 m a.s.l., 6 April 2019, leg. M. Al-Saraireh and H. Suhimat ; 1 subadult ♂, 2 ♀♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=35.80903&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.453472" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 35.80903/lat 31.453472)">1.3 km NW Sad Al Mujeb</a>, Madaba Governorate, 31° 27' 12.5" N 35°48' 32.5" E, 195 m a.s.l., 25 August 2019, leg. B. Abu Afifeh ; 2 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀, 6 subadult ♀♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=35.64925&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.267387" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 35.64925/lat 32.267387)">Sad</a> Kufranja, Ajloun Governorate, 32° 16' 02.6" N 35°38' 57.3" E, 53 m a.s.l., 2 May 2020, leg. B. Abu Afifeh ; 2 ♂♂, 3♀♀, Al-Hussein National Park / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=36.037834&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.945805" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 36.037834/lat 31.945805)">Al-Baydha</a>, Amman Governorate, 31° 56' 44.9" N 36°02' 16.2" E, 784 m a.s.l., 20 September 2020, leg. M. Al-Saraireh ; 4 subadult ♂♂, 8 ♀♀, 3 subadult ♀♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=35.46339&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.408943" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 35.46339/lat 30.408943)">Um Babain</a> / 3.2 km N of Al-Baydha, Ma'an Governorate, 30° 24' 32.2" N 35°27' 48.2" E, 1240 m a.s.l., 17 October 2020, leg. B. Abu Afifeh ; 10 ♂♂, 4 subadult ♂♂, 16 ♀♀, 2 subadult ♀♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=35.819527&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.089806" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 35.819527/lat 32.089806)">Um Al-Dananeer</a>, Balqa Governorate, 32° 05' 23.3" N 35°49' 10.3" E, 752 m a.s.l., 18 April 2021, leg. B. Abu Afifeh ; 2 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=35.6105&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.983944" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 35.6105/lat 31.983944)">4 km NE Al Karameh</a>, Balqa Governorate, 31° 59' 02.2" N 35°36' 37.8" E, - 42 m a.s.l., 12 June 2021, leg. B. Abu Afifeh ; 4 ♀♀, 2 subadult ♀♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=35.424446&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.372694" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 35.424446/lat 30.372694)">Petra</a>, Ma'an Governorate, 30° 22' 21.7" N 35°25' 28.0" E, 1164 m a.s.l., 18 June 2021, leg. B. Abu Afifeh and M. Al-Saraireh ; 1 ♂, 2 subadult ♂♂, 3 subadult ♀♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=35.601192&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.011776" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 35.601192/lat 32.011776)">3.5 km E Sad Al Karameh</a>, Balqa Governorate, 32° 00' 42.4" N 35°36' 04.3" E, - 175 m a.s.l., 5 July 2021, leg. B. Abu Afifeh ; 2 ♀♀, 7.5 km SE of Al- <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=35.396&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.698137" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 35.396/lat 30.698137)">Ghweibeh</a>, Tafilah Governorate, 30° 41' 53.3" N 35°23' 45.6" E, 38 m a.s.l., 7 April 2022, leg. B. Abu Afifeh and M. Al-Saraireh ; 2 ♀♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=35.83611&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.154278" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 35.83611/lat 32.154278)">Wasfi Al Tall Forest Reserve</a>, Balqa Governorate, 32° 09' 15.4" N 35°50' 10.0" E, 593 m a.s.l., 22 May 2023, leg. B. Abu Afifeh ; 2 ♀♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=35.66528&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.93611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 35.66528/lat 31.93611)">Wadi Shueib</a>, Balqa Governorate, 31° 56' 10.0" N 35°39' 55.0" E, - 5 m a.s.l. 20 July 2023, leg. B. Abu Afifeh &amp; M. Al-Saraireh ; 5 ♂♂, 6 subadult ♂♂, 9 ♀♀, 3 subadult ♀♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=35.485973&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.229362" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 35.485973/lat 30.229362)">1.9 km SE of At-Taybeh</a>, Ma'an Governorate, 30° 13' 45.7" N 35°29' 09.5" E, 1625 m a.s.l., 10 May 2024, leg. B. Abu Afifeh, R . Abu Afifeh, and H. Al-Bdareen .</p><p>Diagnosis. Small to medium Leiurus, adults 56-80 mm in total length, carapace length 6.60–7.44 mm in males, 7.80–9.48 in females, general colour yellow to yellowish orange (ochraceous); with less or more dark reddish-brown pigmentation on carapace, mesosoma, and metasoma V; the interocular triangle on carapace is yellow, and the ventromedian carinae of metasoma II–IV lacks dark pigment, metasoma V fuscous in adults except for posterior end, and usually darker in juveniles, anterior margin of carapace slightly concave, all carapace carinae strongly developed; central lateral and posterior median carinae fused to form lyre shaped row of granules, carapace anteromedian intercarinal surface shagreened with scattered medium or fine granules, carapace posteromedian furrow shallow and flanked by arcs of medium or fine granules, chelicerae with characteristic buthid dentition (Vachon, 1963); tergites I–II, VII pentacarinate, III–VI tricarinate; medial intercarinal surfaces oftergites II-III shagreened, with variable medium to fine granulations; sternites III with weak to obsolete median carinae in females; strong in males; sternite IV-V with median carinae moderate in males, weak to obsolete in females; sternite IV-V with lateral carinae strong in males, weak to moderate in females, sternite VII medial intercarinal surface densely, finely shagreened, pectinal tooth counts ranging from 31-36 in males, and 27-31 in females. Pedipalps moderately slender; femur L/ W 3.16 -3.40 in males, 2.95-3.20 in females; patella L/ W 2.73 -3.02 in males, 2.50-2.77 in females; chela L/ W 5.71 –6.57 in males, 5.46–5.96 in females; fixed and movable finger of pedipalps with 12 rows of granules and marked accessory granules; trichobothrial pattern orthobothriotaxic, type A-β (Vachon, 1974, 1975); pedipalp chela fixed finger trichobothrium db either proximal or distal to est; metasoma I–III with 10 carinae, median lateral carinae complete on I, reduced on II–III; metasoma IV with 8 carinae; metasoma V with 7 carinae; metasoma V with enlarged subtriangular or lobate denticles on ventrolateral carinae, metasoma robust; metasoma I L/ W 1.10 –1.18 in males, 1.05–1.16 in females, metasoma II L/ W 1.42 – 1.53 in males, 1.41–1.55 in females; metasoma III L/ W 1.57 -1.72 in males, 1.54–1.71 in females; metasoma IV L/ W 1.89 –2.11 in males, 1.88 – 2.10 in females; metasoma V L/ W 2.35 –2.83 in males, 2.30–2.54 in females.</p><p>central lateral and posterior median carinae fused to form lyre shaped row of granules, carapace anteromedian intercarinal surface shagreened with scattered medium or fine granules, carapace posteromedian furrow shallow and flanked by arcs of medium or fine granules, chelicerae with characteristic buthid dentition (Vachon, 1963); tergites I–II, VII pentacarinate, III–VI tricarinate; medial intercarinal surfaces oftergites II-III shagreened, with variable medium to fine granulations; sternites III with weak to obsolete median carinae in females; strong in males; sternite IV-V with median carinae moderate in males, weak to obsolete in females; sternite IV-V with lateral carinae strong in males, weak to moderate in females, sternite VII medial intercarinal surface densely, finely shagreened, pectinal tooth counts ranging from 31-36 in males, and 27-31 in females. Pedipalps moderately slender; femur L/ W 3.16 -3.40 in males, 2.95-3.20 in females; patella L/ W 2.73 -3.02 in males, 2.50-2.77 in females; chela L/ W 5.71 –6.57 in males, 5.46–5.96 in females; fixed and movable finger of pedipalps with 12 rows of granules and marked accessory granules; trichobothrial pattern orthobothriotaxic, type A-β (Vachon, 1974, 1975); pedipalp chela fixed finger trichobothrium db either proximal or distal to est; metasoma IIII with 10 carinae, median lateral carinae complete on I, reduced on II–III; metasoma IV with 8 carinae; metasoma V with 7 carinae; metasoma V with enlarged subtriangular or lobate denticles on ventrolateral carinae, metasoma robust; metasoma I L/ W 1.10 –1.18 in males, 1.05–1.16 in females, metasoma II L/ W 1.42 –1.53 in males, 1.41–1.55 in females; metasoma III L/ W 1.57 -1.72 in males, 1.54–1.71 in females; metasoma IV L/ W 1.89 –2.11 in males, 1.88 – 2.10 in females; metasoma V L/ W 2.35 –2.83 in males, 2.30–2.54 in females.</p><p>Measurements: See table 2.</p><p>Distribution: Palestine, Jordan, Syria, Lebanon.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EA7C87DDFFD00714FDD651B1FD3BAAF4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Afifeh, Bassam Abu;Al-Saraireh, Mohammad;Amr, Zuhair	Afifeh, Bassam Abu, Al-Saraireh, Mohammad, Amr, Zuhair (2025): Revision of the genus Leiurus in Jordan, with a description of a new species and a new record (Scorpiones: Buthidae). Ecologica Montenegrina 86: 81-118, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.86.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.86.4
EA7C87DDFFD60722FE6051B1FE9EACB2.text	EA7C87DDFFD60722FE6051B1FE9EACB2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leiurus jordanensis Lourenco, Modry & Amr 2002	<div><p>Leiurus jordanensis Lourenço, Modrý &amp; Amr, 2002</p><p>(Figures 5-6, 67-86, 94, 100; Tables 2, 3)</p><p>Type locality and type depository. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=35.99008&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.322863" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 35.99008/lat 29.322863)">Adult</a> holotype ♀, Jordan, NW of Al-Mudawwarah, 29°19'22.3"N, 35°59'24.3"E, ca. 700 m a.s.l., 14.VII.2000, leg. D. Modrý (MHNG) (not examined) .</p><p>Material examined. Jordan: 1 ♂, 1 subadult ♂, 4 ♀♀, 1 subadult ♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=35.902836&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.384916" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 35.902836/lat 29.384916)">Al</a> Mudawwarah, Ma'an Governorate, 29°23'05.7"N 35°54'10.2"E, 765 m a.s.l., 24 October 2020, leg. B. Abu Afifeh and M. Al-Saraireh ; 4 ♀♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=35.682446&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.433361" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 35.682446/lat 29.433361)">Wadi Rum</a> / 13 km SE Al Ghal, Aqaba Governorate, 29°26'00.1"N 35°40'56.8"E, 890 m a.s.l., 15 July 2022, leg. B. Abu Afifeh and R. Abu Afifeh; 2 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=36.148224&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.713446" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 36.148224/lat 29.713446)">Batn El-Ghol</a>, Ma'an Governorate, 29°42'48.4"N 36°08'53.6"E, 879 m a.s.l., 7 July 2023, leg. B. Abu Afifeh , R. Abu Afifeh, and H. Al-Bdareen ; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=36.113083&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.741251" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 36.113083/lat 29.741251)">20 km S Al-Sheidiah Mine</a>, Ma'an Governorate, 29°44'28.5"N 36°06'47.1"E, 964 m a.s.l., 7 July 2023, leg. B. Abu Afifeh , R. Abu Afifeh, and H. Al-Bdareen .</p><p>Diagnosis. Large size Leiurus, adults 84-101 mm in total length, carapace length 9.72–10.08 mm in males, 9.60 – 11.40 in females, general colour black to blackish brown; pedipalps blackish-brown overall excepted for the chelae fingers which are yellow to slightly brownish-yellow; vesicle of telson pale yellow; legs with the four proximal segments brownish-yellow and the three most distal yellow to pale yellow; anterior margin of carapace slightly concave, all carapace carinae strongly developed; central lateral and posterior median carinae fused to form lyre shaped row of granules, carapace anteromedian intercarinal surface smooth with few isolated granules, carapace posteromedian furrow moderately deep and flanked by arcs of medium or fine granules, chelicerae with characteristic buthid dentition (Vachon, 1963); tergites I–II, VII pentacarinate, III–VI tricarinate; medial intercarinal surfaces of tergites II-III moderately shagreened, sternites III with moderate to strong median carinae in females; strong in males; sternite IV-V with median carinae strong in males, weak to moderate in females; sternite IV-V with lateral carinae strong in males, moderate to strong in females, sternite VII medial intercarinal surface finely granulated anteriorly, pectinal tooth counts ranging from 35–39 in males, and 29–33 in females. Pedipalps slender; femur L/ W 4.52 –4.75 in males, 4.04–4.38 in females; patella L/ W 4.29 -4.52 in males, 3.64 – 4.00 in females; chela L/ W 8.67 –9.00 in males, 7.68–7.84 in females; fixed and movable finger of pedipalps with 12 rows of granules and marked accessory granules; trichobothrial pattern orthobothriotaxic, type A-β (Vachon, 1974, 1975); pedipalp chela fixed finger trichobothrium db distal to est; metasoma I–III with 10 carinae, median lateral carinae complete on I, reduced on II–III; metasoma IV with 8 carinae; metasoma V with 7 carinae; metasoma V with slightly enlarged subtriangular denticles on ventrolateral carinae, metasoma slender; metasoma I L/ W 1.33 –1.44 in males, 1.37–1.42 in females, metasoma II L/ W 1.89 -2.11 in males, 1.92–1.98 in females; metasoma III L/ W 2.11 –2.33 in males, 2.1S 4 – 2.24 in females; metasoma IV L/ W 2.62 –2.92 in males, 2.69–2.76 in females; metasoma V L/ W 3.28 -3.74 in males, 3.13–3.31 in females.</p><p>Measurements: See table 2.</p><p>Distribution: Jordan, Saudi Arabia.</p><p>Remarks: Sherwood et al., 2024 reported captative-bred adult female and a group of juveniles of Leiurus jordanensis exhibit “albinism”; almost absent of total dark pigmentation, this phenomena has been previously observed on Leiurus jordanensis specimens posted on social media platforms and among European scorpions breeders websites, we report here a case of partial absence of dark pigmentation and generalized lighter than usual colour pattern on a wild specimen of Leiurus jordanensis in its natural habitat; an adult female (Fig. 1-5) has been collected from Al-Ghal area, southern Jordan, the specimen observed in a healthy status and was captured while predating on small gecko ( Hemidactylus sp.), the term Piebaldism can describe this kind of irregular partial absence of black pigmentation in regions that are typically uniformly black (see Lucati &amp; López- Baucells, 2017 and Tang &amp; Liu, 2024 for more details).</p><p>Sexual dimorphism</p><p>Males differed from females as follows: Males with more robust carination on tergites and sternites III– V, more slender pedipalps and metasoma, longer pectines with larger teeth.</p><p>Habitat</p><p>Based on the locality records of Leiurus abdullahbayrami in Türkiye, Syria, and Lebanon, it is not surprising that its distribution extends further south within the Mediterranean biogeographical region, an area characterized by relatively low endemism. This expansion reaches the eastern Jordanian mountains. Observations indicate that this species tends to avoid areas associated with dense forests, particularly those dominated by Quercus calliprinos and Pinus halepensis, as well as regions with thick vegetation at high altitudes. Instead, L. abdullahbayrami shows a preference for semi-arid rocky steppe biotopes. The southern mountains in the Ma'an region likely represent the southernmost extent of its distribution (see map in Fig. 107 and habitat in Fig. 103).</p><p>On the other hand, Leiurus hebraeus exemplifies an Afro-tropical species that is largely confined to the Jordan Valley on both sides of the Jordan River. It avoids the extreme desert conditions of Wādī Rum and the Arabian Desert to the east and south. However, scattered records suggest its presence in higher elevations near Karak, Irbid, and Amman, areas that fall within a semi- Mediterranean biotope (Fig. 105). Meanwhile, Leiurus jordanensis appears to have a more restricted geographic range, primarily inhabiting sandstone cliffs that are isolated by extensive sand dune fields in southern Jordan and northern Saudi Arabia (Fig. 106). Additional records are needed to determine the precise geographic range of the newly described species, Leiurus aylaensis sp. n. Initial findings suggest that its distribution is limited to the mountainous regions surrounding Aqaba and Wādī Rum (Fig. 104).</p><p>Discussion</p><p>Species of the genus Leiurus have a wide range of distribution extending along North Africa and parts of the African Sahara, Cameroon, Nigeria, and Somalia reaching as far as the Middle East near Kuwait, with 24 described species (Rein, 2025). Lowe et al. (2014) stated that the genus Leiurus consists of a group of allopatric or parapatric species distributed across a wide geographical range, however they are separated by physical barriers, and predicted additional new species.</p><p>Within the Middle East, 12 species are known to occur. Leiurus abdullahbayrami has a wide range of distribution extending from Türkiye, Syria, and Lebanon (Yağmur et al., 2009; Khalil &amp; Yağmur, 2010; Borges &amp; Yağmur, 2022). The new record from Jordan expands its distribution to the south. This species is distributed along the Irano-Turanian biogeographic region that reaches its southern range in southern Jordan. It was found in sympatry with L. hebraeus areas of overlap with the Mediterranean biotope. Leiurus jordanensis is confined to southern Jordan and northwestern Saudi Arabia, and its distribution range is close to the newly described L. aylaensiss. Sympatry of related species was reported in Wadi Araba, whereas Buthacus arava Cain, Gefen &amp; Prendini, 2021 and Buthacus yotvatensis Levy, Amitai &amp; Shulov, 1973 were collected from the same locality in Wadi Khanzeerah, Karak Governorate, Jordan (Levy et al., 1970; Cain et al., 2021). Similarly, Nebo jazanensis and Nebo yemenensis were found in sympatry in southwestern Saudi Arabia (Abu Afifeh et al., 2023b).</p><p>Leiurus hebraeus is mostly distributed along the Mediterranean regions and the upper Jordan Valley of Jordan, characterized by rocky terrain and humid soil. It is considered by far the most common species in Jordan.</p><p>The Levantine region is a transitional zone between the Palaeartic and the Saharo-Arabian Desert. Por (1987) discussed the biogeographic significance and function in shaping the current fauna of the Levantine region, he stated that the geographical location of this region meant that it acted as a changeable corridor and as a dynamic filter. Kosswig (1955) stated that there are difficulties in distinguishing natural biogeographic barriers within the Levant and that led to the Coexistence of species descended from different biogeographical realms been seen everywhere in the Levant, which leads to extreme biogeographical heterogeneity. Jordan forms the southern part of the Levant, particularly Wādī Rum and the Rift Valley act as a “biological filter” where there are dramatic intermingling faunas. In this region, geomorphology, soil types and climatic variations have enabled these species, descended from different biogeographic realms, to find suitable habitats for their success in the region.</p><p>We presented differential diagnosis based on morphometric characters that demonstrated differences between the four species in Jordan that warrants the description of Leiurus aylaensis sp. n. as a new species. further studies incorporating molecular evidence are urgently needed to confirm the taxonomic identity of Leiurus species in Jordan and across their broader distribution range within the Middle East.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EA7C87DDFFD60722FE6051B1FE9EACB2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Afifeh, Bassam Abu;Al-Saraireh, Mohammad;Amr, Zuhair	Afifeh, Bassam Abu, Al-Saraireh, Mohammad, Amr, Zuhair (2025): Revision of the genus Leiurus in Jordan, with a description of a new species and a new record (Scorpiones: Buthidae). Ecologica Montenegrina 86: 81-118, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.86.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.86.4
