identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
EF5E87B8FF8EFFA4FF2F31DABBE219DC.text	EF5E87B8FF8EFFA4FF2F31DABBE219DC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Graphium bouyeri subsp. birketsmithi Bollino & Bouyer 2024	<div><p>Graphium bouyeri birketsmithi n. ssp.</p><p>(Fig. 1 a-d)</p><p>ZooBank:https://zoobank.org/ 9FDE243D-C59D-4672-9235-4AF6D95575BB</p><p>Holotype, ♂, Cameroun – South Province / near Lolodorf / ~ 3°14' N 10°44' E / january 2020 - m 450 / Lgt. J. Fouda - coll. M. Bollino presently in MBLI (Lecce, Italy), will be deposited in BMNH (London, United Kingdom) .</p><p>Paratype s (41 ♂, 7 ♀)</p><p>- 2 ♂, 1 ♀,Cameroun- régiondu Sud/ nearLolodorf village/ (départementde l'Océan) / ~ 3°14'N 10°44'E / V.2021 - m 450 / Lg. J. Fouda - coll. M.Bollino;</p><p>- 8 ♂, 1 ♀, Cameroun –SouthProvince /near Lolodorf / ~ 3°14'N 10°44' E / january 2020 - m 450 / Lgt. J. Fouda - coll. M. Bollino;</p><p>- 3 ♂, 1 ♀, Cameroun - région du Sud / near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=9.816667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=2.5666666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 9.816667/lat 2.5666666)">Ebodjévillage</a> /(département de l'Océan) / ~ 2°34' N 9°49' E / VI.2020 - m 50-100 / Lg. J. Fouda - coll. M. Bollino;</p><p>- 2 ♂, 1 ♀, Cameroon / Bidou, Kribi (South Region) / ~ 3°00’ N 10°04’E / X-XII.2018 – m 70 / Lg. J. Fouda - coll. Bollino;</p><p>- 1 ♂, Cameroon – <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=10.683333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=2.4166667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 10.683333/lat 2.4166667)">Kribì/near Bidjap</a> / ~ 2°25’N 10°41’E / m 300 – I.2002 / Lg. NicolasAyissi / coll. Bollino;</p><p>- 1 ♀, Cameroon - Upper Nyong Div. / near Somalomo / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=12.716666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=3.3666668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 12.716666/lat 3.3666668)">Réserve de faune du Dja</a> / ~ 3°22'N 12°43'E / IX.2021 - m 650 / Lg. M. Owono - coll. Bollino;</p><p>- 2 ♂, Cameroon / Near Ebogo / (<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=11.466666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=3.3833332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 11.466666/lat 3.3833332)">Lekié Dept</a>.) / ~ 3°23’N 11°28’E / XI. 2000 / coll. Maurizio Bollino;</p><p>- 4 ♂, Cameroon / near  Ebogo / October –December2000 / local collectors/ coll. Bollino;</p><p>- 2 ♂, Cameroon – near Ebogo /  Zoatoupsi / February 1999 / coll. Bollino;</p><p>- 2 ♂, Cameroun / Ekombitié ( Mbalmayo) / IV.2002 / Lg. local people / coll. Bollino;</p><p>- 1 ♂, Cameroun / Mbalmayo / III-V.2003 / Lg. local people / coll. Bollino;</p><p>- 4 ♂, Cameroon / Ekali / (32 km. E. Yaoundé) / m 500 – XII.2000 / Local collectors / coll. Bollino;</p><p>- 2 ♂, Cameroon /  Mbalmayo / (Dept. Nyong-et-So’o) / february 2023, Lg. local people – coll Bollino, all in MBLI;</p><p>- 1 ♂, Cameroun: Mont Kala / (1120m), 4 - I – 1975 / leg Ph. Darge;</p><p>- 1 ♂, Cameroun: Ayos / ( River du Nyong) / 25 - IV – 1974 / leg. Ph. Darge;</p><p>- 1 ♀, Cameroun / Département du Nyong - et - So'o /  Environ de Nseng –  Nlong / 9 - IV – 1990 / local Collector / Coll. Ph. Oremans.;</p><p>- 1 ♀,  Réserve Forestière / d’Ototomo / (Cameroun) / 24-I-1971 / Chasses Ph. Darge // Neallotype / Ph. Darge 1993, all in POMB;</p><p>- 1 ♂, South / Cameroun /  Ndanga near Djoum / February 2014 / local collector / coll. C. Belcastro;</p><p>- 2 ♂, Cameroun /  Ebogo / Dec. 2014 / local collector / coll. C. Belcastro;</p><p>- 1 ♂,Sud Cameroun /  Mount Bikoka/Bet.KribiLolodorf / Dec.2013 /local collector / coll. C. Belcastro, all in CBRI;</p><p>- 1 ♂, Cameroun,  Mengueme-Bane, leg. A. Mbarga Ndi, in CTB;</p><p>- 1 ♂, Cameroun, Lolodorf, X-2022, leg. local collector in CTB .</p><p>Diagnosis. – Species very similar to  Graphium liponesco (Suffert, 1904) from which it is easily distinguished by its male genitalia; differs from  G. policenoides in the absence of a clear discal stripe in hindwing upperside cell M3; it differs distinctly from  G. policenes by the more elongated dark submarginal spots in R 1 and R 2, separated from the marginal spots by a narrow light space.</p><p>Remark. – Since most of the characters of the new subspecies are shared with the nominate subspecies, we will avoid giving a verbose detailed description of the holotype, referring to Cipolla (2021a) for this, and limiting ourselves to highlighting the differences between the two subspecies, distributed respectively in the east of the Congo Basin, in Western Uganda and in North Angola ( Graphium bouyeri bouyeri) and west of the Congo basin and Southern Cameroon ( Graphium bouyeri birketsmithi n. ssp.).</p><p>Graphium bouyeri birketsmithi n. ssp.</p><p>A1: Transverse bars of the FW discal cell very thin.</p><p>B1: Postdiscal marks in FW cells M3-CuA2 smaller and separated by a dark space along veins.</p><p>C1: Outer margin of the FWs more prominently concave at vein M2.</p><p>D1:Dark submarginal spots in R1 and R2 of the hindwing rectangular, covering more than half the corresponding space.</p><p>Larger: FW length 41.07-45.87, average 44.15, n= 33 males.</p><p>Male genitalia (Fig. 3). – General scheme typical of the  Graphium policenes group. Dorsal terminal process with a large internal upper branch, and the external lower branch formed by a serrated basal tooth. The dorsal harpe is more finely serrated than in  G. policenes .</p><p>Etymology. – The new subspecies is dedicated to the late Jorgen Birket-Smith (*1920-†1983), who first (1960) suspected that a species closely related to  Graphium policenes existed in Cameroon and neighboring regions.</p><p>Distribution. – Western-central Africa, including Cameroon, Republic of Congo, western Democratic Republic of Congo.</p><p>We take this opportunity to summarize in a diagram the external differences between  Graphium policenes and  Graphium bouyeri plus  Graphium liponesco (the latter two easily distinguishable from each other due to the different male genital pattern) (Fig. 3).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EF5E87B8FF8EFFA4FF2F31DABBE219DC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bollino, Maurizio;Bouyer, Thierry	Bollino, Maurizio, Bouyer, Thierry (2024): A new subspecies of Graphium bouyeri Cipolla, 2021 and notes on taxonomic status of Graphium biokoensis Gauthier, 1984 (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae). Faunitaxys 12 (8): 1-6, DOI: 10.57800/faunitaxys-12(8), URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/RLU.0000000000005813
EF5E87B8FF8EFFA4FC463640BA581F6A.text	EF5E87B8FF8EFFA4FC463640BA581F6A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Graphium bouyeri subsp. bouyeri Cipolla 2021	<div><p>Graphium bouyeri bouyeri Cipolla 2021</p><p>A: Transverse bars of the forewing (FW) discal cell broader, resembling those of  policenes .</p><p>B: Postdiscal marks in FW cells M3-CuA2 often fused and separated only by veins.</p><p>C: Outer margin of the FWs with a slightly marked concavity at vein M2.</p><p>D: Dark submarginal spots in R1 and R2 of the hindwing rectangular, covering less than half the corresponding space.</p><p>Smaller: FW length 36.26-39.28, average 37.53, n= 57 males.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EF5E87B8FF8EFFA4FC463640BA581F6A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bollino, Maurizio;Bouyer, Thierry	Bollino, Maurizio, Bouyer, Thierry (2024): A new subspecies of Graphium bouyeri Cipolla, 2021 and notes on taxonomic status of Graphium biokoensis Gauthier, 1984 (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae). Faunitaxys 12 (8): 1-6, DOI: 10.57800/faunitaxys-12(8), URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/RLU.0000000000005813
EF5E87B8FF8FFFA5FCB6350FBA711242.text	EF5E87B8FF8FFFA5FCB6350FBA711242.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Graphium bouyeri Cipolla 2021	<div><p>Graphium bouyeri Cipolla 2021</p><p>(and  G. liponesco (Suffert, 1904))</p><p>A1: Dark submarginal spots in R1 and R2 of the hindwing typically rectangular and elongated, just separated from the marginal spots by a narrow light space.</p><p>B1: Dark area distal to the red band in CuA1 of the hindwing wide, often much wider than the preceding red band.</p><p>C1: Tails with a barely noticeable white tip, frequently totally absent.</p><p>D1: Transverse bars of the forewing discal cell narrower.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EF5E87B8FF8FFFA5FCB6350FBA711242	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bollino, Maurizio;Bouyer, Thierry	Bollino, Maurizio, Bouyer, Thierry (2024): A new subspecies of Graphium bouyeri Cipolla, 2021 and notes on taxonomic status of Graphium biokoensis Gauthier, 1984 (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae). Faunitaxys 12 (8): 1-6, DOI: 10.57800/faunitaxys-12(8), URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/RLU.0000000000005813
EF5E87B8FF8FFFA5FF15350FBD70123D.text	EF5E87B8FF8FFFA5FF15350FBD70123D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Graphium policenes (Cramer 1775)	<div><p>Graphium policenes (Cramer, 1775)</p><p>A: Dark submarginal spots in R1 and R2 of the hindwing typically quadrangular, well separated from the marginal spots by a broad light space.</p><p>B: Dark area distal to the red band in CuA1 of the hindwing narrow (usually narrower than the preceding red band).</p><p>C: Tails with a very noticeable white tip.</p><p>D: Transverse bars of the forewing discal cell broader.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EF5E87B8FF8FFFA5FF15350FBD70123D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bollino, Maurizio;Bouyer, Thierry	Bollino, Maurizio, Bouyer, Thierry (2024): A new subspecies of Graphium bouyeri Cipolla, 2021 and notes on taxonomic status of Graphium biokoensis Gauthier, 1984 (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae). Faunitaxys 12 (8): 1-6, DOI: 10.57800/faunitaxys-12(8), URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/RLU.0000000000005813
