identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
B7ABE979374355CBBBC2ECDDF53A6B59.text	B7ABE979374355CBBBC2ECDDF53A6B59.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Brevistachys wurfbainiae C. F. Liao, K. D. Hyde & Doilom 2025	<div><p>Brevistachys wurfbainiae C. F. Liao, K. D. Hyde &amp; Doilom sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 2</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>In reference to the host genus Wurfbainia, from which the holotype was isolated.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>MHZU 23-0254.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Saprobic on dead stem of  Wurfbainia villosa . Sexual morph: undetermined. Asexual morph: Colonies superficial on host substrate, effuse, hairy, gregarious, with numerous dark conidia on the substrate visible as black granular powder. Conidiophores 80–235 × 3–5.5 µm (av. 155 × 4.5 μm, n = 20), macronematous, mononematous, erect, simple, unbranched, straight or flexuous, subcylindrical, unevenly olivaceous brown, 1–3 - septate, not constricted at the septa, smooth-walled to finely verruculose in the above half, thick-walled, with bulbous apices, bearing 5–8 conidiogenous cells at the tip, often intermixed with setiferous, flexuous, sterile filaments. Setae 230–390 × 3–6 µm (av. 305 × 4.5 μm, n = 20), arising from the basal stroma, adjacent to cells that give rise to fertile conidiophores, unbranched, straight, and subhyaline at base, mostly flexuous, olivaceous green, in above half, moderately thick-walled, smooth, septate, acute at apex. Conidiogenous cells 6–10 × 4–7 µm (av. 7.5 × 5.5 μm, n = 30), enteroblastic, monophialidic, discrete, determinate, terminal, elongate doliiform, pale to dark brown, smooth-walled, with a conspicuous collarette. Conidia 5–9 µm diam. (av. 7 μm, n = 30), acrogenous, solitary, dry, obovoid to subglobose, aseptate, hyaline, and smooth-walled when young, pale brown, mostly olivaceous to dark brown, verrucose to warty-surfaced at maturity.</p><p>Culture characteristics.</p><p>Colonies on PDA reaching 2 cm in two weeks at 28 ± 2 ° C, medium dense, raised, sparse, filamentous, floccose to fluffy, velvety, filiform at margin, cream to pale brown from above; brown to pale luteous from reverse.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>China • Guangdong Province, Yangchun City, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=111.60904&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.256186" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 111.60904/lat 22.256186)">Yongning Town</a> (22.256185 ° N, 111.609037 ° E, 270 m), on dead stems of  Wurfbainia villosa (Lour.) Škorničk. &amp; A. D. Poulsen. ( Zingiberaceae), 10 April 2022, C. F. Liao &amp; Y. H. Yang, YAM 16 (MHZU 23-0254, holotype) • ex-type, ZHKUCC 23-1011  •  ibid., living culture ZHKUCC 23-1012, and ZHKUCC 23-1013 .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Brevistachys wurfbainiae differs from other known species in the genus  Brevistachys by having erect to flexuous, sterile, setiferous filaments intermixed with fertile conidiophores.  Brevistachys wurfbainiae resembles  B. subsimplex but differs from the latter in having slightly longer conidiophores with bulbous apices (80–235 × 3–5.5 µm vs. 80–200 (most frequently 100–140) × 3–5.5 µm) and shorter conidiogenous cells (6–10 × 4–7 µm vs. 8–13 × 4–6 µm). The conidiophores of  B. wurfbainiae are 1–3 - septate, while they are 2–6 - septate in  B. subsimplex (Deighton 1960) . The phylogenetic analyses revealed that  B. wurfbainiae (ZHKUCC 23-1011, ZHKUCC 23-1012, and ZHKUCC 23-1013) formed a separate branch from  B. subsimplex (ex-type CBS 100155) with 75 % ML bootstrap support and 0.93 BYPP (Fig. 1). Based on distinct morphology and phylogenetic support, we propose  B. wurfbainiae as a new species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B7ABE979374355CBBBC2ECDDF53A6B59	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liao, Chunfang;Doilom, Mingkwan;Bhat, D. Jayarama;Thilini Chethana, Kandawatte Wedaralalage;Tangtrakulwanich, Khanobporn;Yang, Yunhui;Al-Otibi, Fatimah;Hyde, Kevin D.;Dong, Wei	Liao, Chunfang, Doilom, Mingkwan, Bhat, D. Jayarama, Thilini Chethana, Kandawatte Wedaralalage, Tangtrakulwanich, Khanobporn, Yang, Yunhui, Al-Otibi, Fatimah, Hyde, Kevin D., Dong, Wei (2025): Unveiling four new taxa and Nigrosynnema natarajanensis comb. nov. in Stachybotryaceae (Hypocreales) from monocotyledon plants in Guangdong Province, China. MycoKeys 114: 299-327, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.114.139325
E293A5DB224E58178715D4095987F34C.text	E293A5DB224E58178715D4095987F34C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nigrosynnema C. F. Liao, K. D. Hyde & Doilom 2025	<div><p>Nigrosynnema C. F. Liao, K. D. Hyde &amp; Doilom gen. nov.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The name refers to the characteristic black synnemata formed on natural substrate.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Saprobic on dead plant material. Sexual morph: undetermined. Asexual morph: Conidiomata synnematous or sporodochial. Synnemata unbranched, subcylindrical, globose to subglobose head, robust at base, olivaceous brown to black, straight or curved in the upper portion, consisting of bundles of parallelly arranged, tightly compacted conidiophores. Sporodochia stromatic, superficial, scattered or gregarious, irregular, pulvinate, with white mycelium surrounding an olivaceous green mass of conidia. Conidiophores arising from basal stroma, macronematous, mononematous, septate, unbranched or branched, straight or flexuous, thin-walled, subcylindrical, olivaceous brown, verrucose, consisting of a stipe and a penicillately branched conidiogenous apparatus consisting of a whorl of primary branches, each terminating in number of conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells enteroblastic, monophialidic, integrated, terminal, clavate to subcylindrical, hyaline to pale olivaceous brown, smooth, often verruculose at base, with a conspicuous collarette. Conidia solitary, fusiform to ellipsoidal, aseptate, initially hyaline, becoming olivaceous brown to dark brown, longitudinally striated at surface, with a distinct dark basal hilum.</p><p>Type species.</p><p>Nigrosynnema guangdongense C. F. Liao, K. D. Hyde &amp; Doilom</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Nigrosynnema resembles  Striaticonidium in having fusiform to ellipsoidal conidia with longitudinal striations. However, it can be distinguished from  Striaticonidium by having synnematous conidiomata, the absence of setae on the sporodochia, as well as support from molecular data. The synnematous conidiomata of  Nigrosynnema are subcylindrical, flexuous, narrower towards the apex of the stipe, and robust at the base. The sporodochia are devoid of setae. However, in  Striaticonidium, they are cylindrical to pyriform, broadened towards the apex, and have sporodochia covered by setae (Lombard et al. 2016). The blastn search of NCBI GenBank revealed that two strains of  Nigrosynnema, ZHKUCC 23-1014 and ZHKUCC 23-1015, have sequence similarities of 98.37 %, 91.73 %, 89.70 %, 89.04 %, and 82.03 % to the type species of  Striaticonidium ( Stri. cinctum CBS 932.69, ex-type) in LSU, ITS, tub 2, rpb 2, and cmdA sequence data, respectively. However, tef 1 - α sequence data of  Stri. cinctum CBS 932.69 (ex-type) is unavailable in the NCBI database.</p><p>Nigrosynnema resembles  Virgatospora described by Finley (1967) in having synnematous conidiomata, phialidic conidiogenous cells, and striated conidia. However, olivaceous brown to black synnemata in  Nigrosynnema are subcylindrical, robust at the base, and narrower towards the apex of the stipe. The conidia in  Nigrosynnema are aseptate, fusiform to ellipsoidal, and different from the septate, slightly curved conidia with a protuberant hilum of the type species of  Virgatospora,  V. echinofibrosa .  Nigrosynnema can be distinguished from its closely related genera, as shown in Table 2.</p><p>The phylogenetic analyses supported that our two strains (ZHKUCC 23-1014 and ZHKUCC 23-1015) formed a distinct clade from other morphologically closely related taxa and constituted a well-supported clade related to  Digitiseta with 94 % ML and 1.00 BYPP statistical support. The main distinguishing morphological characteristic between the two genera is the absence of hypha-like setoid structures in  Nigrosynnema, whereas  Digitiseta, introduced by Gordillo and Decock (2017), has short apical branches and digitated hypha-like setoids. Additionally, the conidial shape is fusiform to ellipsoidal in  Nigrosynnema, while they are cylindrical in  Digitiseta .</p><p>Based on morphological and molecular evidence, we introduce a novel asexual genus,  Nigrosynnema, characterized by olivaceous to black synnematous or sporodochial conidiomata that produce phialidic, aseptate conidia in black, slimy, glistening masses or heads. The conidia are fusiform to ellipsoidal, aseptate, longitudinally striated, and olivaceous brown to dark brown.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E293A5DB224E58178715D4095987F34C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liao, Chunfang;Doilom, Mingkwan;Bhat, D. Jayarama;Thilini Chethana, Kandawatte Wedaralalage;Tangtrakulwanich, Khanobporn;Yang, Yunhui;Al-Otibi, Fatimah;Hyde, Kevin D.;Dong, Wei	Liao, Chunfang, Doilom, Mingkwan, Bhat, D. Jayarama, Thilini Chethana, Kandawatte Wedaralalage, Tangtrakulwanich, Khanobporn, Yang, Yunhui, Al-Otibi, Fatimah, Hyde, Kevin D., Dong, Wei (2025): Unveiling four new taxa and Nigrosynnema natarajanensis comb. nov. in Stachybotryaceae (Hypocreales) from monocotyledon plants in Guangdong Province, China. MycoKeys 114: 299-327, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.114.139325
9BEEF1EB45BC5BF88321B1616FC44D40.text	9BEEF1EB45BC5BF88321B1616FC44D40.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nigrosynnema guangdongense C. F. Liao, K. D. Hyde & Doilom 2025	<div><p>Nigrosynnema guangdongense C. F. Liao, K. D. Hyde &amp; Doilom sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 3, 4</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The epithet “guangdongense” refers to the locality, Guangdong Province, China, where the holotype was collected.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>MHZU 23-0255.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Saprobic on dead stem of  Wurfbainia villosa . Sexual morph: undetermined. Asexual morph: Synnemata on the natural substrate, 370–570 × 20–50 µm (av. 470 × 33 μm, n = 20), erect, unbranched, subcylindrical, with a robust base, narrowed towards fertile apex, olivaceous brown to black, straight or curved in the upper portion, consisting of parallelly arranged, tightly compacted conidiophores. Conidiophores 2–4 µm wide, subcylindrical, branched, olivaceous brown, slightly tapering towards the apex, verrucose. Conidiogenous cells 10.5–32.5 × 1.5–3 µm (av. 22 × 2.5 μm, n = 30), enteroblastic, monophialidic, discrete, terminal, subcylindrical, mostly hyaline, sometimes pale olivaceous brown in the lower portion, mostly smooth-walled in above half, often verruculose at below half, with a conspicuous collarette. Conidia 10–12.5 × 3–4.5 µm (av. 11.5 × 4 μm, n = 30), solitary, slimy, fusiform to ellipsoidal, aseptate, longitudinally striated, olivaceous brown to dark brown, guttulate, obtuse at both ends, with a distinct dark basal hilum.</p><p>Culture characteristics.</p><p>Colonies on PDA reaching 4.5–6.5 cm in two weeks at 28 ± 2 ° C, medium dense, flat or effuse, diffuse, rough, circular, filiform with curled, large circle in the middle becoming a wave and extends outward, cream from above; cream from the reverse. The spores produced on PDA after three weeks. Conidiomata 220–300 × 15–20 µm, sporodochial, superficial, scattered, irregular, with white mycelia surrounding an olivaceous green mass of conidia, with or without covering the slimy mass of conidia, without setae. Conidiophores arising from the basal stroma, consisting of a stipe and a penicillately branched conidiogenous apparatus; stipes unbranched or rarely branched, hyaline, septate, smooth, 10–30 × 2.5–3.5 µm (av. 18 × 3.0 μm, n = 20), conidiogenous apparatus consisting of a whorl of 2–5 primary branches, each terminating in 2–5 conidiogenous cells; primary branches, 1, 2 - septate, smooth, unbranched, 8–20 × 2–6 µm, secondary branches, aseptate, smooth, unbranched, 6–20 × 2–5 µm. Conidiogenous cells 10–20 × 2–4 µm (av. 14 × 2.5 μm, n = 30), phialidic, terminal, with a conspicuous collarette, clavate to cylindrical, hyaline, smooth. Conidia 7–10 × 3–5 µm (av. 8.5 × 3.5 μm, n = 30), acrogenous, longitudinally striated, fusiform to ellipsoidal, aseptate, initially hyaline, becoming olivaceous green when mature.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>China • Guangdong Province, Yangchun City, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=111.60904&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.256186" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 111.60904/lat 22.256186)">Yongning Town</a> (22.256185 ° N, 111.609037 ° E, 270 m), on dead stems of  Wurfbainia villosa (Lour.) Škorničk. &amp; A. D. Poulsen. ( Zingiberaceae), 10 April 2022, C. F. Liao &amp; Y. H. Yang, YAM 19 (MHZU 23-0255, holotype) • ex-type, ZHKUCC 23-1014  •  ibid., living culture ZHKUCC 23-1015 .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Nigrosynnema guangdongense is established here as the type species. It is similar to  Virgatospora natarajanensis described by D’Souza et al. (2002) in having synnematous conidiomata, with fusiform, aseptate, and striated conidia. However,  N. guangdongense has verrucose, olivaceous, brown conidiophores, conidia with obtuse apices, and a distinct dark basal hilum, whereas  V. natarajanensis has distinctly echinulate, subhyaline conidiophores that are narrower and smooth towards the apex, and conidia are rounded at both ends. Additionally, the conidiogenous cells of  V. natarajanensis are occasionally found in the subterminal position, while they have not been observed in  N. guangdongense .  Nigrosynnema guangdongense has longer conidiogenous cells (10.5–32.5 × 1.5–3 µm) compared to  V. natarajanensis (18–25 × 1.5–3.5 μm).</p><p>Nigrosynnema guangdongense and  Virgatospora echinofibrosa (the type species of  Virgatospora) (Finley 1967) are similar in having synnematous conidiomata and striate, phialidic conidia. However,  N. guangdongense has shorter synnemata (370–570 × 20–50 µm) than  V. echinofibrosa (up to 1500 µm). Synnemata of  N. guangdongense are robust at the base, narrower towards the apex of the stipe, and olivaceous brown to black, whereas they are simple or branched, sometimes proliferated, cylindrical throughout the greater part, somewhat broader at the apex and base, white or yellow at the base, yellow-black or blackish black at the apex in  V. echinofibrosa .</p><p>Additionally,  N. guangdongense has smaller (10–12.5 × 3–4.5), fusiform, aseptate conidia compared to ellipsoidal to limoniform, 3 - (sometimes 2 - or 4) - septate conidia (39–50 × 9–15 µm) of  V. echinofibrosa .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9BEEF1EB45BC5BF88321B1616FC44D40	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liao, Chunfang;Doilom, Mingkwan;Bhat, D. Jayarama;Thilini Chethana, Kandawatte Wedaralalage;Tangtrakulwanich, Khanobporn;Yang, Yunhui;Al-Otibi, Fatimah;Hyde, Kevin D.;Dong, Wei	Liao, Chunfang, Doilom, Mingkwan, Bhat, D. Jayarama, Thilini Chethana, Kandawatte Wedaralalage, Tangtrakulwanich, Khanobporn, Yang, Yunhui, Al-Otibi, Fatimah, Hyde, Kevin D., Dong, Wei (2025): Unveiling four new taxa and Nigrosynnema natarajanensis comb. nov. in Stachybotryaceae (Hypocreales) from monocotyledon plants in Guangdong Province, China. MycoKeys 114: 299-327, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.114.139325
2515F30894425A9DAE98AE53AD41F5BF.text	2515F30894425A9DAE98AE53AD41F5BF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nigrosynnema natarajanensis (D'Souza, S. K. Singh & Bhat 2002) C. F. Liao, K. D. Hyde Doilom & Bhat 2025	<div><p>Nigrosynnema natarajanensis (D’Souza, S. K. Singh &amp; Bhat) C. F. Liao, K. D. Hyde Doilom &amp; Bhat comb. nov.</p><p>Basionym.</p><p>Virgatospora natarajanensis D’Souza, S. K. Singh &amp; Bhat, Mycotaxon 82: 141 (2002).</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>IMI 386680.</p><p>Type information.</p><p>India •  Middle Andaman Island, on dead leaves of  Calamus thwaitesii, 15 December 2000, Rajiv Kumar, IMI 386680 (holotype)  .</p><p>Description.</p><p>See D’Souza et al. (2002) on page 141.</p><p>Illustration.</p><p>See D’Souza et al. (2002) on page 140, Fig. 4 a – d.</p><p>Notes.</p><p>D’Souza et al. (2002) introduced  Virgatospora natarajanensis based on the morphology and found it as a saprobe on dead leaves of  Calamus thwaitesii from Middle Andaman Island, India. Although the DNA sequence data of  V. natarajanensis is not available in NCBI, morphologically, it fits well within the generic concept of  Nigrosynnema due to its synnematous conidiomata, phialidic conidiogenous cells, ellipsoidal to fusiform, aseptate conidia (amerosporous) with distinct longitudinal striations. The conidia in  V. echinofibrosa, the type species of  Virgatospora, are ellipsoidal to limoniform and 3 - (sometimes 2 - or 4) - septate (phragmosporous). Based on the morphological similarities between  V. natarajanensis and  N. guangdongense (the type species of  Nigrosynnema), as well as support from molecular phylogenetic analyses of the type species of  Virgatospora, we synonymize  V. natarajanensis under  Nigrosynnema as  N. natarajanensis . However, it is desirable to obtain DNA sequence data from both the type specimen of  V. natarajanensis and fresh collections to further support our proposal.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2515F30894425A9DAE98AE53AD41F5BF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liao, Chunfang;Doilom, Mingkwan;Bhat, D. Jayarama;Thilini Chethana, Kandawatte Wedaralalage;Tangtrakulwanich, Khanobporn;Yang, Yunhui;Al-Otibi, Fatimah;Hyde, Kevin D.;Dong, Wei	Liao, Chunfang, Doilom, Mingkwan, Bhat, D. Jayarama, Thilini Chethana, Kandawatte Wedaralalage, Tangtrakulwanich, Khanobporn, Yang, Yunhui, Al-Otibi, Fatimah, Hyde, Kevin D., Dong, Wei (2025): Unveiling four new taxa and Nigrosynnema natarajanensis comb. nov. in Stachybotryaceae (Hypocreales) from monocotyledon plants in Guangdong Province, China. MycoKeys 114: 299-327, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.114.139325
B08106161D2350498ADCDDEE96115D8A.text	B08106161D2350498ADCDDEE96115D8A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sirastachys guangdongensis C. F. Liao, K. D. Hyde & Doilom 2025	<div><p>Sirastachys guangdongensis C. F. Liao, K. D. Hyde &amp; Doilom sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 5</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The epithet “guangdongensis” refers to the locality, Guangdong Province, China, where the holotype was collected.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>MHZU 23-0250.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Saprobic on dead stem of  Agave sisalana . Sexual morph: undetermined. Asexual morph: Colonies superficial on host substrate, erect, gregarious, visible as numerous black conidial masses. Conidiophores 105–170 × 3.5–7 µm (av. 140 × 5.5 μm, n = 30), macronematous, mononematous, erect, simple, unbranched, straight or slightly flexuous, subcylindrical, hyaline, 1–5 - septate, not constricted at septa, smooth-walled, or slightly verrucose, thick-walled, bearing 4–8 conidiogenous cells on the tip. Conidiogenous cells 6.5–12.5 × 4–5 µm (av. 10 × 4 μm, n = 30), enteroblastic, monophialidic, discrete, determinate, terminal, elongate doliiform to reniform, subhyaline to brown, smooth-walled, with a conspicuous collarette. Conidia 5–6 × 4–5 µm (av. 5.5 × 4 μm, n = 30), acrogenous, aggregating in slimy masses, obovoid, with a prominent hilum, aseptate, brown, pale olivaceous brown, black, smooth-walled.</p><p>Culture characteristics.</p><p>Colonies on PDA reaching 5.5–6.0 cm in two weeks at 28 ± 2 ° C, medium dense, flat, circular, cream from above; pale luteous from the reverse, with no pigmentation.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>China • Guangdong Province, Guangzhou City, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=113.2824&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.10643" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 113.2824/lat 23.10643)">Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering</a> (23.10643 ° N, 113.28240 ° E, 20 m), on dead leaf of  Agave sisalana Perr. ex Engelm. ( Agavaceae), 17 November 2021, C. F. Liao &amp; Y. H. Yang, JM 02 (MHZU 23-0250, holotype) • ex-type, ZHKUCC 23-1003  •  ibid., living culture ZHKUCC 23-1004 .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Sirastachys guangdongensis resembles  Si. pandicola and  Si. Phaeospora that were described by Lombard et al. (2016). However, the former can be distinguished by the size of the conidiophores and conidia as well as other conidiophore characteristics.  Sirastachys guangdongensis has longer conidiophores (105–170 µm) than those of  Si. pandicola (55–75 µm) and  Si. phaeospora (40–65 µm).  Sirastachys guangdongensis has larger conidia (5–6 × 4–5 µm) than  Si. pandicola (3–4 × 2–3 µm) and  Si. phaeospora (4–5 × 2–3 µm). Conidiophores of  Si. guangdongensis are 1–5 - septate, while they are 1–3 - septate in  Si. pandicola and 1–2 (– 3) - septate in  Si. phaeospora . Branched conidiophores are observed in  Si. phaeospora (Lombard et al. 2016), while they are unbranched in  Si. guangdongensis . The phylogenetic analyses supported  Si. guangdongensis as a distinct species from other  Sirastachys species and showed that  Si. guangdongensis (ZHKUCC 23-1003 and ZHKUCC 23-1004) formed a distinct branch and sister to  Si. phaeospora (ex-type CBS 100155) with 99 % ML bootstrap support and 1.00 BYPP (Fig. 1). Based on distinct morphological and molecular evidence, we propose  Sirastachys guangdongensis as a novel species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B08106161D2350498ADCDDEE96115D8A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liao, Chunfang;Doilom, Mingkwan;Bhat, D. Jayarama;Thilini Chethana, Kandawatte Wedaralalage;Tangtrakulwanich, Khanobporn;Yang, Yunhui;Al-Otibi, Fatimah;Hyde, Kevin D.;Dong, Wei	Liao, Chunfang, Doilom, Mingkwan, Bhat, D. Jayarama, Thilini Chethana, Kandawatte Wedaralalage, Tangtrakulwanich, Khanobporn, Yang, Yunhui, Al-Otibi, Fatimah, Hyde, Kevin D., Dong, Wei (2025): Unveiling four new taxa and Nigrosynnema natarajanensis comb. nov. in Stachybotryaceae (Hypocreales) from monocotyledon plants in Guangdong Province, China. MycoKeys 114: 299-327, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.114.139325
3CE5110C40ED50AAA7D25A11DF12B5F6.text	3CE5110C40ED50AAA7D25A11DF12B5F6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stachybotrys microsporus (B. L. Mathur & Sankhla) S. C. Jong & E. E. Davis	<div><p>Stachybotrys microsporus (B. L. Mathur &amp; Sankhla) S. C. Jong &amp; E. E. Davis [as ‘ microspora’]</p><p>Fig. 6</p><p>Description.</p><p>Saprobic on dead leaf of  Agave sisalana . Sexual morph: undetermined. Asexual morph: Colonies superficial on host substrate, gregarious, visible as numerous black conidial masses. Conidiophores 35–70 × 2.5–5 µm (av. 48 × 4 μm, n = 30), macronematous, mononematous, irregularly or sympodially branched, straight or flexuous, subcylindrical, hyaline, becoming pale olivaceous brown in the above half, 1–3 - septate, not constricted at the septa, smooth-walled, slightly rough-walled in the subterminal region, thick-walled, bearing 3–9 conidiogenous cells on the tip. Conidiogenous cells 6–10 × 4–6 µm (av. 8 × 5 μm, n = 30), enteroblastic, monophialidic, discrete, determinate, terminal, obovoid, sub-hyaline to pale olivaceous brown, smooth-walled. Conidia 5–7 µm diam. (av. 6 μm, n = 30), aggregating in slimy masses, globose, subglobose, aseptate, olivaceous brown to black, rough-walled, verrucose.</p><p>Culture characteristics.</p><p>Colonies on PDA reaching 2.5–3.0 cm in two weeks at 28 ± 2 ° C, medium dense, raised, flat, floccose to fluffy, velvety, irregular edge, gold brown at the center, pale brown, with conidiophores forming on the surface of the medium, carrying slimy olivaceous green from above; brown to pale luteous from the reverse. The conidia producing on PDA after three weeks: Conidiophores 30–80 × 3.5–5.5 µm (av. 46 × 4 μm, n = 30), most similar with the above description, 0–2 - septate, unbranched or branched, bearing 2–10 conidiogenous cells at the tip. Conidiogenous cells 9–17 × 4.5–7.5 µm (av. 12 × 5.5 μm, n = 30), most similar to those on natural substrate. Conidia 6.5–10 × 3–6.5 µm (av. 8 × 5 μm, n = 30), often aggregated as large, slimy, glistening, blackheads, initially hyaline to olivaceous green, oblong, obovoid to subglobose, becoming black-brown, globose, smooth to verruculose.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>China • Guangdong Province, Guangzhou City, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=113.2824&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.10643" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 113.2824/lat 23.10643)">Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering</a> (23.10643 ° N, 113.28240 ° E, 20 m), on dead leaf of  Agave sisalana Perr. ex Engelm. ( Agavaceae), 17 November 2021, C. F. Liao &amp; Y. H. Yang, SR 09 A (MHZU 23-0252, new host record) • living culture, ZHKUCC 23-1007  •  ibid., living culture ZHKUCC 23-1008 .</p><p>Known distribution.</p><p>• Canada, Cuba, India, Nigeria, and Pakistan (Ellis 1971; Jong and Davis 1976); • China (this study); Japan (Iwama et al. 2022); • New Guinea; Zaria (Jong and Davis 1976); • Thailand (Lin et al. 2016; Samarakoon et al. 2021); • Sudan (Lombard et al. 2016).</p><p>Known hosts / substrates.</p><p>Agave sisalana (this study), Arachishypogaea rhizosphere, soil (Jong and Davis 1976),  Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii (Iwama et al. 2022), dead plants, paper, seeds, and textiles (Ellis 1971), decaying shrubs, wood (Lin et al. 2016),  Musa sp. (Samarakoon et al. 2021), soil in  Mangifera field (Lombard et al. 2016).</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Stachybotrys microsporus (ZHKUCC 23-1007, ZHKUCC 23-1008) formed a subclade with the type and other strains of  St. microsporus with 100 % ML and 1.00 BYPP (Fig. 1). Our collection has similar morphs to  St. microsporus described by Jong and Davis (1976), Lin et al. (2016), and Samarakoon et al. (2021) by having irregularly branched conidiophores with tapering apices, monophialidic, discrete conidiogenous cells, unicellular, globose, roughened, and black conidia.  Stachybotrys microsporus has been reported from forest soil in New Guinea (Jong and Davis 1976), on decaying wood in Thailand (Jong and Davis 1976), and on dead leaf petiole of  Musa sp. in Thailand (Samarakoon et al. 2021). We report  St. microsporus here as a new host record on  Agave sisalana in China.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3CE5110C40ED50AAA7D25A11DF12B5F6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liao, Chunfang;Doilom, Mingkwan;Bhat, D. Jayarama;Thilini Chethana, Kandawatte Wedaralalage;Tangtrakulwanich, Khanobporn;Yang, Yunhui;Al-Otibi, Fatimah;Hyde, Kevin D.;Dong, Wei	Liao, Chunfang, Doilom, Mingkwan, Bhat, D. Jayarama, Thilini Chethana, Kandawatte Wedaralalage, Tangtrakulwanich, Khanobporn, Yang, Yunhui, Al-Otibi, Fatimah, Hyde, Kevin D., Dong, Wei (2025): Unveiling four new taxa and Nigrosynnema natarajanensis comb. nov. in Stachybotryaceae (Hypocreales) from monocotyledon plants in Guangdong Province, China. MycoKeys 114: 299-327, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.114.139325
