taxonID	type	description	language	source
F9478F12FFC71A20C6F77456FD59794C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Large and robust flies with body length 17 – 23 mm, greatly resembling bumblebees (Figs 1 – 4). Head (Figs 5 – 8) proportionately small, ~ 1 / 2 – 2 / 3 as broad as thorax; triangular in anterior view. Compound eye bare; ocellar triangle elevated. Facial plate (Fig. 6) long and narrow, gradually tapered and convex, lanceolate. Facial ridge with yellow, dark brown or black setae; most setae directed lateroventrally, but some of the median setae may be directed medially. Parafacial plate narrow, bare; genal groove enlarged, scabrous or wrinkled. Antenna with short and broad scape; pedicel enlarged and encapsulating postpedicel, with antennal arista extending from within the pedicellar capsule. Mouthparts rudimentary. Scutum (Figs 1, 2) densely covered with long and soft hair-like setae, black or yellow or both. Postpronotal lobe swollen. Notopleuron not clearly demarcated. Wing (Figs 9, 10) with base showing a convex costal margin, cell r 4 + 5 narrowly open or closed with a short petiole. Upper calypter small; lower calypter large, broad and rounded posteriorly. Legs (Figs 11, 12) with femora swollen at base; hind coxa setose posteriorly; hind tibia with median swelling. Abdomen (Figs 1 – 4) broadly ovate, densely covered with soft, hair-like setae forming various colour patterns. Male cerci fused into one part, basally with a deep concavity, and gradually tapered into a sharp tip (Fig. 13); basal part of cerci either extremely and abruptly swollen, forming a heartshaped structure (Fig. 13 A – C, E, F), or reduced, forming a V-shaped structure (Fig. 13 D); surstylus with rounded apex; distiphallic dorsolateral processes largely fused to phallic tube, with free tips; epiphallus short; pregonite long and narrow; postgonite broad, abruptly narrowed apically, forming a sharp hook. Female terminalia short and non-telescopic; segments 7 and 8 broader than long; tergite 10 / epiproct gradually tapered; hypoproct reduced; cercus globular, without free prolongation. Distribution: The genus is found in the Alps (Italy), across Central Asia (Afghanistan and Mongolia) and into South Asia (India and Myanmar) and East Asia: Russia (western Siberia, eastern Siberia and the Far East) and China (Beijing, Hebei, Qinghai, Shanxi, Yunnan and Xizang). Biology: Verified details exist only for P. magnifica, which has an adult life of 3 – 5 days, and a larval period of 2 months living in subcutaneous cysts of Apodemus peninsulae. Mature larvae leave the cysts and hibernate as pupae in soil (Grunin, 1965). 1 & 1 0 1 2 0 1 1 0 1 2 1 2? 2? 2? 1 & 4 0 0 1 2 0 1 1 0 1 2 1 2? 2? 2? 1 & 9 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0? 0? 0? 1 & 8 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0? 0? 1? 1 & 7 0 1 2 0 1 ?? 2 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 & 6 0 1 2 0 1 ?? 2 2 1 2 0 2 2 2 0 1 & 5 0 1 0 0 1 ?? 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 & 4 0 1 1 0 1 ?? 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 0 - 2 2 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 2 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 2 2 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 0 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 9 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 7 0 3 3 3 3 1 1 2 1 3 1 3 1 1 1 3 6 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 & 5 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 characters 3 1 2 4 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 ???????? 1? 1 0 1? 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 2 1 1? 0 1 1 0 1 1 2 0 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 0 0 42 2 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 the 9 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 & 0 1 1 1 0 0 all 8 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 including 6 4 5 7 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 2 1 1 0 2 1 2 0 1 1 2 1 0 1 1 2 0 1 0 2 1 1 1 0 2 1 0 2 1 1 2 1 0 0 1 1 2 0 1 1 2, species 3 2 1 1 2 0 2 0 1 1 2 1 1 2 0 1 2 1 2 1 2 0 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 0 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 2 1 1 Portschinskia 1 7 8 5 0 6 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 2 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 2 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 of 4? 0 0 0 1 0 1 1? 0 1? 0? 1? matrix 2 3 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1? 1? 1? 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 data 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Morphological portschinskyi intestinalis bovis	en	Li, Xin-Yu, Pape, Thomas, Zhang, Dong (2020): Taxonomy, phylogeny and evolution of the bumblebee bot flies (Oestridae: Hypodermatinae: Portschinskia). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 190 (3): 942-973, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz176, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/190/3/942/5854325
F9478F12FFC71A20C6F77456FD59794C.taxon	description	silenus bombiformis. Table. 2 Species Sarcophaga Gasterophilus Hypoderma ovis Oestrus Przhevalskiana Portschinskia. burmensis P gigas P. himalayana P .. loewii P P magnifica. P. neugebaueri P. przewalskyi sichuanensis. P xizangensis. P P yunnanensis.	en	Li, Xin-Yu, Pape, Thomas, Zhang, Dong (2020): Taxonomy, phylogeny and evolution of the bumblebee bot flies (Oestridae: Hypodermatinae: Portschinskia). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 190 (3): 942-973, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz176, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/190/3/942/5854325
F9478F12FFC61A20C52F77A0FC397A88.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Hair-like setae on frons yellow. Abdomen with black setae anteriorly and pale yellow setae on last two segments. Wing hyaline. Redescription: Male unknown. Female: Body length 20.2 mm; wing length and width 17.2 mm × 6.1 mm (N = 1). Large compound eye, height relative to head ≥ 1 / 2. Antennal pedicel longer than broad, with a distinct concavity in the middle of distal margin (Fig. 5 A). Width of frons ~ 1 / 2 width of head in dorsal view. Hair-like setae on frons yellow (Fig. 5 A), on facial ridge and postpronotal lobe black or dark brown, on presutural area of scutum and scutellum yellow (Figs 1 A, 3 A), on meron black and on anepisternum and postalar callus pale yellow. Abdomen with black setae anteriorly and pale yellow setae on last two segments (Figs 1 A, 3 A). Wing hyaline; vein M strongly curved after dm-cu; cell r 4 + 5 closed with a short petiole (Fig. 9 A). Type material examined: Holotype of Microcephalus bombiformis: ♀, CHINA: Sichuan Province, Aba Autonomous Prefecture, Songpan County, 2900 m, summer 1894 (no further information), Beresowsky leg. (ZIN).	en	Li, Xin-Yu, Pape, Thomas, Zhang, Dong (2020): Taxonomy, phylogeny and evolution of the bumblebee bot flies (Oestridae: Hypodermatinae: Portschinskia). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 190 (3): 942-973, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz176, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/190/3/942/5854325
F9478F12FFC61A20C57A7162FA337976.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Compound eye small, the height relative to head ≤ 1 / 3. Hair-like setae on presutural area of scutum, postpronotal lobe and abdomen in female mainly black. Wing with distinct brown coloration. Description: Male unknown. Female: Body length 23.4 mm; wing length and width 18.1 mm × 6.5 mm (N = 1). Small compound eye, height relative to head	en	Li, Xin-Yu, Pape, Thomas, Zhang, Dong (2020): Taxonomy, phylogeny and evolution of the bumblebee bot flies (Oestridae: Hypodermatinae: Portschinskia). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 190 (3): 942-973, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz176, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/190/3/942/5854325
F9478F12FFC81A2DC6BA719FFCAE78F9.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Postpronotal lobe with black setae in anterior half and yellow setae in posterior half. In male, abdomen with yellow setae anteriorly and reddish setae on the last two segments, and in female the abdomen with black setae anteriorly followed by yellow setae on the last two segments. Wing hyaline. Redescription: Male: Body length 18.1 mm; wing length and width 14.5 mm × 5.0 mm (N = 1). Large compound eye, height relative to head ≥ 1 / 2 (Grunin, 1965: 53). Antennal pedicel longer than broad, with a distinct concavity in the middle of the distal margin (Fig. 5 C). Hair-like setae on frons and facial ridge dark brown or black (Fig. 5 C), on presutural area of scutum, anepisternum and scutellum yellow, and on postalar callus and on meron dark brown or black. Postpronotal lobe with black setae in anterior half and yellow setae in posterior half. Abdomen with yellow setae anteriorly, reddish setae on the last two segments (Figs 1 C, 3 C). Wing hyaline; vein M strongly curved after dm-cu; cell r + 4 5 closed with a short petiole (Fig. 9 C). Female: Differing from the male as follows: body length 20 mm; wing length and width 17.4 mm × 6.5 mm (N = 1). Width of frons ~ 1 / 3 width of head in dorsal view. Abdomen with black setae anteriorly followed by yellow setae on the last two segments (Grunin, 1965: 53). Type material examined: Lectotype of Microcephalus gigas (designated by Grunin 1965: 53): ♂ [head missing], RUSSIA: Khabarovsk region, Bureinsky ridge at the lower Amur River, 1858, Radde leg. (ZIN). Paralectotype: one ♀ [abdomen missing], RUSSIA: Khabarovsk region, Bureinsky ridge at the lower Amur River, [no date, probably 1858], Radde leg. (ZIN).	en	Li, Xin-Yu, Pape, Thomas, Zhang, Dong (2020): Taxonomy, phylogeny and evolution of the bumblebee bot flies (Oestridae: Hypodermatinae: Portschinskia). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 190 (3): 942-973, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz176, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/190/3/942/5854325
F9478F12FFCB1A2CC57171C9FC3178AF.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Hair-like setae on frons and facial ridge dark brown or black. Abdomen with yellow setae anteriorly, black setae in the middle in male and reddish setae posteriorly, and in female with predominantly black setae in anterior and reddish setae on last two segments. Redescription: Male: Body length 18.8 mm; wing length and width 15.5 mm × 6.2 mm (N = 1). Female unknown. Large compound eye, height relative to head ≥ 1 / 2. Antennal pedicel broader than long, with a distinct concavity in the middle of the distal margin (Fig. 5 D). Width of frons ~ 1 / 7 width of head in dorsal view in male. Hair-like setae on frons and facial ridge dark brown or black (Fig. 5 D), on presutural area of scutum, postpronotal lobe, anepisternum, postalar callus and scutellum yellow. Abdomen with yellow setae anteriorly, black setae in the middle and reddish setae posteriorly in male, and in female the abdomen with predominantly black setae anteriorly, followed by reddish setae on last two segments (Figs 1 D, 3 D). Wing hyaline or light brown; vein M strongly curved at the level of dm-cu; cell r 4 + 5 closed with a short petiole (Fig. 9 D).	en	Li, Xin-Yu, Pape, Thomas, Zhang, Dong (2020): Taxonomy, phylogeny and evolution of the bumblebee bot flies (Oestridae: Hypodermatinae: Portschinskia). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 190 (3): 942-973, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz176, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/190/3/942/5854325
F9478F12FFCD1A29C581722EFB3B7B9A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Hair-like setae on frons and facial ridge yellow. Abdomen in male with yellow setae anteriorly, followed by black setae and with dense yellow setae on last two segments, and in female the abdomen with black setae anteriorly and yellow setae on the last two segments. Male abdominal sternite 5 approximately square. Redescription: Male: Body length 19.5 mm; wing length and width 16.1 mm × 6.0 mm (N = 2). Large compound eye, height relative to head ≥ 1 / 2. Antennal pedicel longer than broad; slightly concave on terminal margin (Fig. 5 E). Width of frons ~ 1 / 2 width of head in dorsal view. Hair-like setae on frons, facial ridge, presutural area of scutum, anepisternum, postalar callus, scutellum and postpronotal lobe yellow. Abdomen with yellow setae anteriorly, followed by black setae and with dense yellow setae on last two segments (Figs 1 E, 3 E, 5 E). Wing hyaline or light brown; vein M strongly curved after dm-cu; cell r 4 + 5 either narrowly open or closed at the wing margin or with a short petiole (Fig. 9 E; Grunin, 1965: 50). Male abdominal sternite 5 approximately square, with lateral margins paralleled and straight (Grunin, 1965: fig. 65). Male cerci moderately flattened, with basal part strongly swollen (Grunin, 1965: fig. 64). Female: Differing from the male as follows: body length 21 mm; wing length and width 17 mm × 6 mm (N = 2). Width of frons ~ 1 / 3 width of head in dorsal view. Abdomen with black setae anteriorly, and yellow setae on the last two segments. Type material examined: Holotype of Microcephalus loewii: ♀, RUSSIA: Irkutsk region, Bodajbo river (tributary of Vitim river), 12 July 1871, Kietlinsk leg. (NMW). Additional material examined: One ♂, RUSSIA: Novosibirsk, Teletskoe lake, 27 June 2013, J. Smit leg. (private collection of J. Smit) [from photograph]; one ♂, RUSSIA: Evreiskaya Autonomous Region, Bastak Nature Reserve VII. 2003, A. Streltsov leg. (SBRAS); one ♀, RUSSIA: Amur Region, Zejskij Reserve (N 54.12, E 126.93), 13 July 2012, V. Dubatolov leg. (SBRAS) [from photograph]. Biology: Grunin (1965) considered the Alpine pika [Ochotona alpina (Pallas, 1773)] to be the host, and Minář et al. (1985) recorded larvae from a northern pika [Ochotona hyperborea (Pallas, 1811)]. However, in both cases no adult flies were bred, and the identifications rely on the distribution of P. loewii as documented from a few adults. Third instar larvae have been found from early July to early September and adults from late June to late July; females produce ~ 700 eggs (Grunin 1965). We are here tentatively accepting the Mongolian record by Minář et al. (1985), which is based on a second and a third instar larva extracted from a northern pika. Remarks: Schnabl (1877: 52) explicitly mentioned that he had only one specimen before him (‘ … bei dem einzelnen Examplare’), which makes this the holotype by monotypy in agreement with Article 73.1.2 of the Code (ICZN, 1999). He tentatively, and mistakenly, considered this to be a male. Schnabl (1877: 52) gave the type locality as ‘ Patria: Jenniseisk, Sibiria occid. ’, but he later (Schnabl, 1882: 13) corrected this to be ‘ Olekminer Kreise in den am Flusse Bodajbo (Zufluʃs des Flusses Witim) gelegenen Goldgrube, im Fluʃsgebiete der Lena’. The original label of the holotype (Fig. 14 D) appears to have given the locality as ‘ e Jenisseisk’, but the latter word has since been struck out, and ‘ Jakuck’ has been written above it. Soós & Minář (1986: 246) listed the spelling ‘ loewi ’ as used by ‘ authors’ as an unjustified emendation, but we did not find any support for an intentional change by Portschinsky (1881) and therefore treat this as an incorrect subsequent spelling. Distribution: Mongolia (?), Russia (eastern Siberia, western Siberia and Far East).	en	Li, Xin-Yu, Pape, Thomas, Zhang, Dong (2020): Taxonomy, phylogeny and evolution of the bumblebee bot flies (Oestridae: Hypodermatinae: Portschinskia). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 190 (3): 942-973, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz176, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/190/3/942/5854325
F9478F12FFCF1A35C57A72D4FE967865.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Hair-like setae on presutural area of scutum and postpronotal lobe mainly black, ornamented with very few yellow hairs, or with the setae black basally and yellow apically. Abdomen in male anteriorly with yellow setae, followed by reddish or orange-red setae on the last two segments or with a narrow black band of hair-like setae between the yellow and reddish. In female, abdomen anteriorly with black setae and a lateral cluster of yellow hair-like setae, and reddish setae on the last two segments. Male abdominal sternite 5 approximately trapezoid. Redescription: Male: Body length 17.9 – 19.4 mm; wing length and width 12.3 mm × 3.9 mm to 13.8 mm × 5.4 mm (N = 20). Large compound eye, height relative to head ≥ 1 / 2. Antennal pedicel longer than broad, with a distinct concavity by one side of terminal margin (Fig. 5 F). Width of frons ~ 1 / 8 width of head in dorsal view. Hair-like setae on frons, facial ridge and postalar callus dark brown or black; presutural area of scutum, postpronotal lobe, anepisternum and scutellum mainly black, ornamented with very few yellow hairs, or with the setae black basally and yellow apically (Figs 1 F, 3 F, 5 F), on meron black. Abdomen anteriorly with yellow setae, followed by reddish setae or with a narrow black band of hair-like setae between the yellow and reddish. Wing hyaline or light brown; vein M strongly curved after dm-cu; cell r 4 + 5 open, with veins R 4 + 5 and M reaching the margin (Fig. 9 F). Male abdominal sternite 5 approximately trapezoid, with the lateral margins relatively straight and convergent. Male cerci basally black or dark brown, moderately flattened, with basal part strongly swollen. Female: Differing from the male as follows: body length 20.20 – 25.16 mm; wing length and width 13.6 mm × 5.3 mm to 14.7 mm × 6.6 mm (N = 26). Width of frons ~ 1 / 3 width of head in dorsal view. Abdomen anteriorly with black setae and a lateral cluster of yellow hair-like setae, and reddish setae on the last two segments. Type material examined: Holotype of Portschinskia magnifica: ♀, RUSSIA: Eastern Siberia, Sedanka, Pacific coastal area, near Vladivostok. 7 June 1913, A. Kusnezow leg. (ZIN). Holotype of Portschinskia luliangensis: ♂, CHINA: Shanxi Province, Jiaocheng County, Pangquangou Nature Reserve, 28 June 1990, M. F. Wang & X. Y. Wu leg. (SNU). Additional material examined: One ♀, RUSSIA: Vladimir Oblast?, Vladimir?, 7 July 1919 [no collector] (ZIN); one ♂, CHINA: Hebei Province, Eastern Tomb, 27 July 1938, Ho, Q. (NHM); two ♂, four ♀, CHINA: Beijing, Mt. Songshan, 800 m (44 ° 12 ′ N, 116 ° 12 ′ E), 7 June 2008, D. Zhang leg. (MBFU); three ♂, three ♀, CHINA: Beijing, Mt. Songshan, 5 June 2009, D. Zhang leg. (MBFU); two ♂, three ♀, CHINA: Beijing, Mt. Songshan, 29 June 2011, D. Zhang leg. (MBFU); three ♂, four ♀, CHINA: Beijing, Mt. Songshan, 31 May 2012, D. Zhang leg. (MBFU); two ♂, three ♀, CHINA: Beijing, Mt. Songshan, 10. VI. 2014, C. Wang leg. (MBFU); two ♂, two ♀, CHINA: Beijing, Mt. Songshan, 29 June 2015, X. - y. Li leg. (MBFU); two ♂, three ♀, CHINA: Beijing, Mt. Songshan, 3 June 2016, Y. - q. Ge leg. (MBFU); two ♂, two ♀, CHINA: Beijing, Mt. Songshan, 10 June 2017 X. - y. Li leg. (MBFU). Biology: So far, only A. peninsulae has been found to be the host of P. magnifica (Grunin, 1947, 1965). Apodemus peninsulae was regarded as a subspecies of Apodemus speciosus (Temminck, 1844) by Oldfield Thomas in 1906 (as ‘ Micromys speciosus peninsulae Thomas’). Grunin (1947, 1965) and Zumpt (1965) followed contemporary mammal classification (Allen, 1941; Jones, 1956) and gave the host name as ‘ A. speciosus Temminck’. However, according to the current classification of the genus Apodemus Kaup (Suzuki et al., 2008; Batsaikhan et al., 2016), A. speciosus and A. peninsulae are regarded as two independent species based on not only morphological and molecular data, but also distribution pattern, i. e. A. speciosus is endemic to Japan and A. peninsulae spread across north-eastern Asia. Therefore, we updated the host information from A. speciosus to A. peninsulae. The larva develops in cysts / boil-like swellings in the dermal layer of the host. Most of the larvae are located on the abdomen, especially in the groins, and only 20 – 30 % of the larvae are situated on the back of the host. The second and third instar larvae are found in subcutaneous cysts that connect to the exterior through a breathing hole. The larval development lasts ~ 2 months, and after having left the cysts, the larvae pupate in the soil. The larvae leave their host in late August to early September, and the winter is passed in the pupal stage. Adults are on the wings from the end of June until the beginning of July, and each female may produce several hundred eggs (Grunin, 1947, 1965). Remarks: Portschinskia luliangensis was proposed as a new species by Xue, Wang & Wu in Xue & Wang (1996) based on the following character states: frontal width four times broader than frontal vitta; hair-like setae on anepisternum and postalar callus wholly black, and abdominal setae forming three colour-bands, yellow anteriorly, followed by a narrow black band of hair-like setae and reddish posteriorly. From our examination of 46 specimens of P. magnifica collected in different localities, these features all fall within the intraspecific variation of this species. Thus, P. luliangensis is revised as a new synonym of P. magnifica Pleske, 1926. Distribution: Russia (Siberia), China (Beijing, Hebei and Shanxi).	en	Li, Xin-Yu, Pape, Thomas, Zhang, Dong (2020): Taxonomy, phylogeny and evolution of the bumblebee bot flies (Oestridae: Hypodermatinae: Portschinskia). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 190 (3): 942-973, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz176, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/190/3/942/5854325
F9478F12FFD31A34C6A671DEFDFB7BB7.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Hair-like setae on frons and facial ridge yellow. Abdomen predominantly with yellow setae, horizontally interrupted by a narrow black band of hair-like setae. Wing hyaline. Redescription: Male: Body length 18.5 mm; wing length and width 15.1 mm × 5.1 mm (N = 1). Large compound eye, height relative to head ≥ 1 / 2. Antennal pedicel broader than long, with a distinct concavity on the terminal margin by one side (Fig. 6 A). Width of frons ~ 1 / 11 width of head in dorsal view. Hair-like setae on frons, facial ridge, presutural area of scutum, postpronotal lobe, anepisternum, postalar callus and scutellum yellow, and on meron a mixture of yellow and brown. Abdomen predominantly with yellow setae, interrupted by a narrow black band of hair-like setae (Figs 2 A, 4 A, 6 A). Wing hyaline; vein M strongly curved after dm-cu; cell r 4 + 5 closed with a short petiole (Fig. 10 A).	en	Li, Xin-Yu, Pape, Thomas, Zhang, Dong (2020): Taxonomy, phylogeny and evolution of the bumblebee bot flies (Oestridae: Hypodermatinae: Portschinskia). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 190 (3): 942-973, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz176, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/190/3/942/5854325
F9478F12FFD51A32C6A27334FED57BC5.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Antennal pedicel broader than long. Hair-like setae on frons and facial ridge yellow. Abdomen in male with yellow setae anteriorly, black setae in the middle and reddish setae posteriorly, and in female the abdomen with black setae anteriorly and reddish setae on last two segments. Wing hyaline. Male abdominal sternite 5 nearly oval. Redescription: Male: Body length 17 – 19 mm; wing length and width 14.5 mm × 4.8 mm (N = 2). Large compound eye, height relative to head ≥ 1 / 2. Antennal pedicel broader than long, with a concavity in the middle of the terminal margin (Fig. 6 B). Width of frons ~ 2 / 7 width of head in dorsal view. Hair-like setae on frons, facial ridge, presutural area of scutum, anepisternum, postalar callus and scutellum yellow, on postpronotal lobe mainly black, or with sporadic yellow setae (Figs 2 B, 4 B, 6 B), on meron a mixture of yellow and brown. Abdomen with yellow setae anteriorly, black setae in the middle and reddish setae posteriorly. Wing hyaline; vein M strongly curved at the level of dm-cu; cell r 4 + 5 closed with a short petiole (Fig. 10 B). Male abdominal sternite 5 oval, broadened in the middle, making lateral margins distinctly convex and arc shaped (Grunin, 1965: fig. 67). Male cerci moderately flattened, with basal part strongly swollen (Grunin, 1965: fig. 66). Female: Differing from the male as follows: body length 19 mm; wing length and width 16.1 mm × 5.0 mm (N = 1). Width of frons ~ 1 / 2 width of head in dorsal view. Abdomen with black setae anteriorly and reddish setae on last two segments. Type material examined: Holotype of Microcephalus przewalskyi: ♂, CHINA: Qinghai Province, Burchan-Budda Mountains, 4250 m, [no date], N. M. Przewalsky leg. (ZIN). Additional material examined: CHINA: one ♂ [terminalia missing], Qinghai Province, Chatu Gorge in Burchan-Budda Mountains, 3300 m, June 1901, P. Koslow leg. (ZIN); one ♀ [terminalia missing], Qinghai Province, upper Yellow River, June 1900, P. Koslow leg. (ZIN).	en	Li, Xin-Yu, Pape, Thomas, Zhang, Dong (2020): Taxonomy, phylogeny and evolution of the bumblebee bot flies (Oestridae: Hypodermatinae: Portschinskia). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 190 (3): 942-973, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz176, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/190/3/942/5854325
F9478F12FFD41A31C56872ADFA2E7936.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Wing hyaline. Abdomen in male with yellow setae anteriorly, followed by black and reddish setae on the last two segments. Description: Male: Body length 17.6 – 18.1 mm; wing length and width 12.1 mm × 5.4 mm to 12.9 mm × 6.3 mm (N = 3). Large compound eye; height relative to head ≥ 1 / 2. Antennal pedicel broader than long, with a concavity in the middle of the terminal margin (Fig. 6 C). Width of frons ~ 1 / 7 width of head in dorsal view. Hair-like setae on frons, facial ridge and postpronotal lobe dark brown or black, on presutural area of scutum, anepisternum, postalar callus and scutellum pale yellow, and on meron a mixture of yellow and brown. Abdomen with yellow setae anteriorly, followed by black, and reddish setae on the last two segments (Figs 2 C, 4 C). Wing hyaline; vein M strongly curved after dm-cu; cell r 4 + 5 closed with a short petiole (Fig. 10 C). Male abdominal sternite 5 oval, broadened in the middle, making lateral margins distinctly convex and arc shaped. Male cerci basally black or dark brown, moderately flattened, with their combined basal part strongly swollen, heart shaped.	en	Li, Xin-Yu, Pape, Thomas, Zhang, Dong (2020): Taxonomy, phylogeny and evolution of the bumblebee bot flies (Oestridae: Hypodermatinae: Portschinskia). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 190 (3): 942-973, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz176, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/190/3/942/5854325
F9478F12FFD61A3FC57072E1FB9878A1.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Hair-like setae on presutural area of scutum, postpronotal lobe and postalar callus mainly dark brown or black or may be ornamented with a few yellow ones. Wing with distinct dark brown coloration. Abdomen with yellow setae anteriorly, followed by black and reddish setae. Male cerci wholly yellowish brown, strongly ridged. Description: Male: Body length 16.9 – 17.6 mm; wing length and width 13.7 mm × 4.9 mm to 14.2 mm × 4.4 mm (N = 3). Large compound eye; height relative to head ≥ 1 / 2. Antennal pedicel broader than long, with a distinct concavity on terminal margin by one side (Fig. 6 D). Width of frons ~ 1 / 10 width of head in dorsal view. Hair-like setae on frons dark brown or black, on presutural area of scutum, postpronotal lobe and postalar callus mainly dark brown or black or may be ornamented with a few yellow ones; the setae on anepisternum and scutellum are yellow, and on meron black. Abdomen with yellow setae anteriorly, followed by black and reddish setae on the last two segments (Figs 2 D, 4 D). Wing with distinct dark brown coloration; vein M strongly curved after dm-cu, cell r 4 + 5 open, with veins R 4 + 5 and M reaching the margin. Male abdominal sternite 5 broadened in the middle, making lateral margins distinctly convex and arc shaped; cerci wholly yellowish brown, strongly ridged, with their combined basal part strongly swollen, heart shaped. Female: Differing from the male as follows: body length 17.9 mm; wing length and width 16.6 mm × 5.4 mm (N = 1). Width of frons ~ 2 / 3 width of head in dorsal view. Type material: Holotype: ♂, CHINA: Tibet Autonomous Region, Nyingchi, Mêdog County, 1600 m (28 ° 46 ′ N, 95 ° 28 ′ E), 28 October 1982, Y. - h. Han leg. (MBFU). Paratypes: one ♂, CHINA: Tibet Autonomous Region, Mêdog County, Beibeng (29 ° 19 ′ N, 95 ° 19 ′ E), 19 October 1979, G. - t. Jin & J. - y. Wu leg. (SEM); one ♀, same collection locality and collectors as for preceding, 26 October 1979 (IOZ); one ♂, Tibet Autonomous Region, Mêdog County, Beibeng village, 940 m, 29 October 1979, G. - t. Jin & J. - y. Wu leg. (SEM); one ♀, Tibet, Autonomous Region Mêdog County, Beibeng village, 30 October 1979, G. - t. Jin & J. - y. Wu leg. (SEM); one ♀, Tibet Autonomous Region, Nyingchi, Mêdog County, 1550 m, 30 October 1982, Z. Lin leg. (IOZ).	en	Li, Xin-Yu, Pape, Thomas, Zhang, Dong (2020): Taxonomy, phylogeny and evolution of the bumblebee bot flies (Oestridae: Hypodermatinae: Portschinskia). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 190 (3): 942-973, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz176, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/190/3/942/5854325
F9478F12FFD81A3EC6DD73D8FAC07AAA.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Antennal pedicel with distal margin slightly concave. Wing distinctly brown. Abdomen in male with yellow setae anteriorly and posteriorly, and a black band of hair-like setae in the middle. Male cerci wholly yellowish brown, with their basal part V-shaped (i. e. reduced and with a deep incision). Description: Male: Body length 16.5 mm; wing length and width 12.4 mm × 4.1 mm (N = 1). Large compound eye, height relative to head ≥ 1 / 2. Antennal pedicel broader than long, distal margin slightly concave (Fig. 6 E). Width of frons ~ 1 / 10 width of head in dorsal view. Hair-like setae on frons, facial ridge and postpronotal lobe dark brown or black, on presutural area of scutum, anepisternum, postalar callus and scutellum yellow, and a mixture of yellow and brown on meron. Abdomen with yellow setae anteriorly and posteriorly, black setae in the middle. Wing with obvious dark brown coloration; distance between r-m and dm-cu equal to dm-cu; vein M strongly curved after dm-cu; cell r 4 + 5 closed with a short petiole (Fig. 10 E). Male abdominal sternite 5 oval, broadened in the middle, making lateral margins distinctly convex and arc shaped; male cerci wholly yellowish brown, with their basal part reduced and with a deep dorsal incision to give the combined bases a broadly open V-shape.	en	Li, Xin-Yu, Pape, Thomas, Zhang, Dong (2020): Taxonomy, phylogeny and evolution of the bumblebee bot flies (Oestridae: Hypodermatinae: Portschinskia). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 190 (3): 942-973, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz176, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/190/3/942/5854325
