identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
F81F8785FFA60819E1D45111FAFC56F7.text	F81F8785FFA60819E1D45111FAFC56F7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dendrobaena illyrica (Cognetti 1906)	<div><p>Dendrobaena illyrica (Cognetti, 1906)</p><p>(Figure 1a)</p><p>Helodrilus (Dendrobaena) illyricus Cognetti de Martiis, 1906: 1 .</p><p>Dendrobaena illyrica var. hintzei Ude, 1929: 122 .</p><p>Lumbricus bohemicus (anom.) Černosvitov, 1931: 201.</p><p>Dendrobaena illyrica hintzei Černosvitov, 1935: 47 .</p><p>Dendrobaena illyrica Omodeo, 1956: 174; Zicsi, 1982: 430; Mršić, 1991: 600; Csuzdi, 2012: 97–99; Stojanović-Petrović et al. 2020: 153.</p><p>Material examined.  CEKUS/2563, CEKUS/2564, CEKUS/2565,  CEKUS/2566, 4 exp., Serbia, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=20.74&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.3" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 20.74/lat 43.3)">Kopaonik Mt.</a> (Barska reka), 43.30 N 20.74 E, river bank, F. Popović, 30.05.2019  .  CEKUS/2567,  CEKUS/2568 2 exp., Serbia, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=20.69&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.25" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 20.69/lat 43.25)">Kopaonik Mt.</a> (Kuršumlijska Banja), 43.25 N 20.69E, oak forest, F. Popović, 04.05.2021  .</p><p>Morphological description. External morphology. Body pigmentation red violet in live specimens. Red violet homogeneous color in fixed specimens. Length 27–74 mm (Mršić 18–73 mm; Stojanović-Petrović et al. 30– 72 mm) diameter 2–3.5 mm. Number of segments 91–116 (Mršić 76–112; Stojanović-Petrović et al. 94–112). The prostomium is epilobous 1/3 to tanylobous. First dorsal pore at intersegmental groove 5/6. The male aperture is clearly visible on the 15. segment. The female pores in 14 over setae b. The setae are widely paired. The spermathophores are situated on segments 23/24, 24/25, 25, 27, 29, 29/30, 30 lie near b or between aa or near a or between bc setal line. Clitellum saddle-shaped in segments 28, 29–34 (Cognetti 28–34, 35; Zicsi 28, 29–34; Mršić 26, 27, 28, 29–33, 34, 35; Stojanović-Petrović et al. 28, 29–34). Tubercula pubertatis in segments 31–33, ½ 34 (Cognetti 31–33; Zicsi 31–33, ½ 34; Mršić ½30, 31–32, 33, ½34; Stojanović-Petrović et al. 31–32, 33, ½34).</p><p>Internal anatomy. Hearts in segments 7–11. Calciferous glands and lateral tubercles are situated in the 11. and 12. segments. Crop in segments 15–16, gizzard in segments 17–18. Three pairs of seminal vesicles in the 9, 11, and 12. segments. Two pairs of spermathecae in segments 9 and 10 segments on the septa 9/10 and 10/11. The testes are in the 10 and 11 segments in the perioesophageal testis sacs. The nephridial bladders sausage-shaped (club-shaped). The typhlosole is club-shaped, rarely tongue-shaped. The longitudinal muscle is pennate.</p><p>Remarks.  Dendrobaena illyrica was described from Austria (Cognetti 1906) as  Helodrilus (Dendrobaena) illyrica and has subsequently been reported throughout Central and Southern Europe. This species exhibits high variability in pigmentation, the position of the first dorsal pore, the position of the clitellum and tubercula pubertatis, the position of the calciferous glands, and the position of the spermathecae. It is a rare opportunity to find a specimen of  D. illyrica that matches the first description. These morphological characters show a high degree of homoplasy within the genus.</p><p>Also, the zoogeographic type of this species is questionable. Stojanović et al. (2018) considered that the main center of distribution of the species  D. illyrica is in the western Balkans (Illyrian distribution). However, species  D. illyrica has been found in the Austria, Bosnia &amp; Herzegovina, Croatia, Czech Republic, Germany, Montenegro and Serbia (Mršić 1991; Hackenberger Kutuzović &amp; Hackenberger Kutuzović 2013; Lehmitz et al. 2014; Stojanović et al. 2018; Höser 2020; Sekulić et al. 2022). The species has never been recorded in Albania, Greece, Hungary, North Macedonia, Romania Slovakia and Slovenia.  Dendrobaena illyrica now appears to have a somewhat disjunct distribution comprising Central European (Austria, Czech Republic and Germany) and Illyrian (Bosnia &amp; Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro and Serbia) types (Fig. 2). According to Sekulić et al. (2021), the southernmost border of the distribution of  D. illyrica is the Šar Mountains. Considering all the facts mentioned for  D. illyrica, it can be assumed that the Western Balkans (Northern Dinarides) area is the center of origin and distribution.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F81F8785FFA60819E1D45111FAFC56F7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Popović, Filip J.;Sekulić, Jovana M.;Trakić, Tanja B.	Popović, Filip J., Sekulić, Jovana M., Trakić, Tanja B. (2025): Morphological variability, distribution and taxonomic relationships of Dendrobaena illyrica (Cognetti, 1906) (Lumbricidae). Zootaxa 5589 (1): 242-247, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5589.1.19, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5589.1.19
F81F8785FFA50819E1D451C7FB2352DF.text	F81F8785FFA50819E1D451C7FB2352DF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dendrobaena serbica Sapkarev 1993	<div><p>Dendrobaena serbica Karaman, 1973</p><p>(Figure 1b)</p><p>Dendrobaena serbica Karaman, 1973: 180.</p><p>Dendrobaena serbica Šapkarev, 1993: 17; Stojanović et al. 2008: 60; Csuzdi, 2012: 97–99; Trakić et al. 2016: 263; Stojanović et al. 2018: 139; Stojanović-Petrović et al. 2020: 163–164.</p><p>Material examined.  CEKUS/2806, CEKUS/2807, CEKUS/2808, CEKUS/2809  CEKUS/2810, 5 exp., Serbia, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=21.03&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.16" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 21.03/lat 43.16)">Kopaonik Mt.</a> (Lukovska Banja), 43.16 N 21.03 E, beech forest, F.Popović, 11.03.2020 ;  CEKUS/2812, CEKUS/2813, CEKUS/2814,  CEKUS/2815 4 exp., Serbia, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=20.69&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.25" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 20.69/lat 43.25)">Kopaonik Mt.</a> (Kuršumlijska Banja), 43.25 N 20.69 E, oak forest, F. Popović, 04.05.2021 ;  CEKUS/2818,  CEKUS/2819 2 exp., Serbia, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=20.85&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.3" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 20.85/lat 43.3)">Kopaonik Mt.</a> (Metođe), 43.3 N 20.85 E, river bank, F. Popović, 21.06.2021  .</p><p>Morphological description. External morphology. Body pigmentation red violet in live specimens. Red violet homogeneous color in fixed specimens. Length 10–25 mm (Karaman 12–21 mm; Stojanović-Petrović et al. 12–21 mm) diameter 2 mm. Number of segments 53–89 (Karaman 58–81; Stojanović-Petrović et al. 58–81). The prostomium is prolobous to epilobous. First dorsal pore is no visible. The male aperture on the 15. segment. The female pores in 14 over setae b. The setae are widely paired. Glandular papillae surround setae a and b on segments 10 and 11. The spermathophores are situated on segments 23/24, 24/25, 25, 27, 29, 29/30 lie near b or between aa or near a or between bc setal line. Clitellum annular in segments ½ 29, 29–33, ½ 34, 34 (Karaman ½ 29, 29–33, 34; Stojanović-Petrović et al. ½ 29, 29–33, 34). Tubercula pubertatis are absent (Karaman absent; Stojanović-Petrović et al. absent).</p><p>Internal anatomy. Hearts in segments 7–11. Calciferous glands and lateral tubercles are situated in the 11. and 12. segments. Crop in segments 15–16, gizzard in segments 17–18. Three pairs of seminal vesicles in the 9, 11, and 12. segments. Two pairs of spermathecae in segments 9 and 10 segments on the septa 9/10 and 10/11. The nephridial bladders sausage-shaped. The typhlosole is club-shaped. The longitudinal muscle is pennate.</p><p>Remarks.  Dendrobaena serbica was found and described by Karaman (1973), and our examined specimens are in complete agreement with her description. On the other hand,  D. serbica was considered a broad-range Balkan endemic, characteristic of the Balkan part of Serbia аnd Montenegro (Popović et al. 2023a).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F81F8785FFA50819E1D451C7FB2352DF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Popović, Filip J.;Sekulić, Jovana M.;Trakić, Tanja B.	Popović, Filip J., Sekulić, Jovana M., Trakić, Tanja B. (2025): Morphological variability, distribution and taxonomic relationships of Dendrobaena illyrica (Cognetti, 1906) (Lumbricidae). Zootaxa 5589 (1): 242-247, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5589.1.19, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5589.1.19
